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a q wdrduhla imfhys ia:dms; Wmdisldrduhl iqy'
;dhs,ka;fha Ndjkd mqyqKqj fokq ,nk wdrKHhka tfuka u
uOHia:dkhka" ldka;djkag ksoyfia ;u Ndjkd lghq;= lrf.k hEug
ksoyi iy Wmfoia ,nd" .sysf.hska wE;ajQ m%;smodjlg yev .iajka
tu mqyqKqj ,nd fohs' tfia fyhska fndfyda ldka;dfjda tjka mqyqKq
wdrduhlg wkqnoa; is,a ud;d wdY%uhkays fjfika ;u mqyqKq lghq;=
lrf.k hEug leue;a; m, lr;s' fuu l%uh" NslaIQka yd ii|k l<
is,a ud;djka fojeks ugulg my< oud we;s njla fmfka' kuq;a ;rula
rg fyda fuu ;;aFjh fn!oaO is;s,s fya;= fldgf.k ;=kS f.dia
we;' iudch ;=< l%shd;aul jk n,h iy ks,h" tlS iudch iduld j
mj;ajd f.k hEu i|yd ieliqKq iudc iu;hka h' kuq;a tu iudc
moaO;sfha" ldka;djg ysjk ;ek" flfkl=f.a i;H jkdlu ms<sUq
jkakla fkdf'
xvii
xviii is,aud;d ldhs ( uE; ld,fha my< jQ ry;a f;rKsh
f,dj fndfyda ixialD;Ska ;=< fuu ia;%s mqreI fNaoh ;ka uq,a nei
.;a isoaOdka;hla we;' tu fNaoh foi wd.l jYfhka ne,Su idudkH
fohls' ia;%s mqreI ,sx. fNaoh wks;H jQ iajNdjhls' th we;s ke;s
hkafkls' fmr luhlska ilia jQ fohls' th ffojfha m%fNaohls'
i;a;ajhl=f.a uQ,sl yrh kula ke;s rEmhla ke;s ixl,khla fyhska
tys ia;%s mqreI ,laIK ke;' fuh nq oyf uQ,sl kHdhls' wd;ah
jYfhka wdfrdamKh flfrk lreKq nq oyf uQ,sl yr moaO;sfhka
neyer jQjls' woa;Sh mqoa.,fhl= ilia lrjk ish,a, iEu fudfyd;l
u fjkia fj wjidkfha is|S |S ke;s f' iEu mqoa.,fhl= u ;u
w;S; iajNdjfhka fjkia j" w;a iajNdjhlg fmrf,a' uu hhs ;ka
w,a,d .kakd idOlhka ks;H nfjka f;dr j YS>%fhka fjkia fj hhs'
Yrfha we;s ishu rEm fldgia" isf;ys we;sjk is;s,s yd fokd"
lsis jkdlulska f;drj laIh jk foaj,a h' tksid Yrhg iy is;g
we,Su" la fodkia cks; f m%Odk ksOdkhhs'
ndysr ,laIKhkaf.ka Kq is;" ksjk lrd hEf m%jK;djh
hqKq lsug fyda wvd, lsug fyda ia;%s mqreI Ndjh" ks, ;, fyda
iudc ;;aFjhka n, fkdmdkq we;' wm bmfok uefrk ixidr pl%fhka
.e,ug k uu idm%odhsl nkaOk lvd fjka l< hq;= f' f wkqj
iEu ukqIHfhl= u tlu ;,hl ,d ie,lsh hq;= jkafka" laIh l< hq;=
zfudayhZ iEu ksfil=f.a is;lu mj;sk fyhsks'
uki ;r Yauhckl lsisjla fkdue;' b;d Wiia ugulska
mqyqKq l< is;lg l< yels foa wdYaphj;a h' uhs ldhsf.a uki
;shqKq n,j;a tlls' wehf.a Ndjkd uki ;=<ska wkd.; isysk oYk
iy ufkda ix{d oYk b;d myiqfjka ia h' tfuka u wehf.a ;shqKq
udkisl yelshdjka jfrl wehg ydkslr jQjd fuka u jfrl hqKq ;a;
n,f.hla o h' fuu fYaIs; yelshdjkag weh ;ka ne|S is fyhska
wjqre .Kkdjla weh wkaO isg" ;u isf;a ksjer YslaIKh we;s lr
.ekSug wmyiq j ishd h' is; yslaujd .ekSu miq l,l mqyqKq lr.;a
miq" tu fYaIs; ;a; Yla;Ska wdYaphj;a wruqKq lrd fhduq lrug
yelshdj Wod lr .;a;d h'
yekau
ludkql+, j fuu wd;aufha ,nd .;a ;a; Yla;Ska" flfkl=f.ka

flfkl=g fndfyda fia fjkia f' uhs ldhs jekafkda l%shdYS,S h"
ksNS; h' fjk;a wh myiqfjka ;u woyia fy,s fkdlrk w;r m%fi
iys; o f' f fowdldrfhka u Ndjkdf M, m%fhdack ,nd .; yels
h' ;a; Y=oahla ,nd .ekSu fndfyda fofkl=g b;d Ialr jQ fika
.ukls' kuq;a ldhs is,a ud;djf.a is;" ksjka uf.ys b;d f.fhka
.uka lf<a h' wehf.a Ndjkd ksmqK;djh iy ;a; Yla;sh ;r hqKq
;;aFjhl is flfkl= fidhd .ekSu t;r myiq lreKla fkdf'
tksid idudkH flfkl=g weh i;= jQ O wdYaphj;a ufkda ix{djka
,nd .ekSu w;sYhska Ialr ldhhla h' tjka oE ,nd .ekSug ldhs
is,a ud;dj yeoErE l%ufohka wka whf.a Ndjkd mqyqKqj i|yd iqiq
udf.damfoaYhla fkd h'
flfia jqj o .eUqka is;oa" ldhs is,a ud;djf.a Ndjkd l%uh"
ue ue Wmk ixialdr f.dv ke.Sfuka Tng ysKq uqla;s rih
fmkajk ud.hla nj fmfka' fuh yoj; m;=f,ka wjfndaO lrk l<"
isf;ys we;s uQ,sl m%fNao folla we;s nj fmfka' isf;ys oek.ekSf
Yla;sh iy is;s,s is; ;=<u we;s ke;s hk iajNdjh hs' fuu
m%fNaoh fkd okakd l, we;s ke;s hk ;;aFjh" ienE is; hhs
wms ms<s.ksuq' kuq;a i;H jYfhka u tys we;af;a" fudfyd;ska fudfyd;
fjkia fjka" wks;H jQ ilia fjka hk wks;H jQ Ou;djhls' isf;ys
wLKav j mj;sk iajNdjh k oek.ekSf Yla;sh hs' wms yeu fohu
mg,jd f.dv .id f.k ta yeug u is; hkqfjka ykajuq' kuq;a isf;ys
we;sjk iajNdjhka ish,a, u tajd oek.ekSf Yla;sh u; r|d mj;S' isf;ys
u;=jk l iy i;=g hk Ou;djhka" isf;ka neyer j mj;sk Ou nj
jegfykqfha" is; ;=< l%shd;aul jk oek .ekSf Yla;sfhks' isf;ys h:d
;;aFjh k" ilia jk ish,a, lsisjlg fkd we,S oek.ekSu jkq we;'
tksid wks;H jQ fidki fodki hk iajNdjhkag msg;ska is; msysgd
is' fuh oelSug wmg yels k" idm%odhsl j wm i;Hh hhs ms<s.kakd
oE wmg w; yeug yels jkq we;' tu wjfndaOh we;s l,ays w;yeu"
uqla;sh isf;ys wNsu;h m u is jkakla nj jegfya'
xix
xx
ldhs is,a ud;dj ûhs ldhs& .no ldka;djls' ;dhs,ka;fha

Bidk idf msys" wE; msir .ul b;d pd fmj;la f.jQ ia;%shls'
nqka jykafiaf.a lska ksoyia f wdh ud.h Tiafia hEu i|yd .sys
;fhka wE;a ug fjfyi oroa" weh w;sIalr jQ .egj,g uqyqK
kakd h' wehf.a wLKav W;aidyh" wm%;sy; ffOhh iy m%;sNd mQK
{dkh ;=<ska tjlg ;snQ idm%odhsl lvb" wNsnjd hEug wehg yels
h' weh j;a jQ f,dalfha im%odhka wehj tla whqrlska isr lr ;enQ
w;r" wehf.a is; ;=<ska u mek ke=Kq ndOl ;j;a whqrlska weh isr lr
;enqjd h' fuu nkaOkj,ska .e," ixidr nefuka w;a ug wehg
yels h'
Ndjkdfhda.S hlg fhduq jQ fndfyda ldka;djkaf.a ksoyi iSud
flreKq n,mE" Tjqka bjid ord ishd fia u" weh o ta ish,a, bjiqjdh'
tfia bjika" wNsfhda. Ndr .kska" ishq f,i ndOd u. yka
wdrKHh .; idm%odhsl mmodjlg ksis jQ YslaIKhlska" Ndjkdjg
wj;SK jQjd h' ka g uqyqK ka wvq yq~ql weh wef.a hym;g
fmr,d .;a;d h' ia;s% mqreI fNaoh .ek wiykld j meKs,s lrka
fkdisg" ldhs Wmdisld ud;dj lemfuka" laIKslj i;sh msyg
s j
q d .ekSug
is; hqKq fldg" wef.a is; m;=,g u ls|d nei ;snQ wd;ah iy iudc
ixialD;sl wkkH;djhka lmd kdY lsug iu;a jQjd h' f,daflda;;
a r
{dkdjfndaOh ,noa" weh fuf;la l,a j;a jQ lgql f,dalh ;=< ;snQ
mx;s fNao iy O fjkial jdIam wka;Odk h'
Ndjkdfjka hqKq udkisl ;;ajhla ,nd .;a meoaoka iudc
ixialD;sl fNaohka .ek lsis ;elSula ke;' wgis,a rlsk" Wkkafjka
Ndjkdjg keUqre jQ ldka;dfjda b;d hqKq udkisl M, lrd t<fUk
njg lsis ielhla fkdue;' we;a; jYfhka u lshf;d;a ldka;djkag
Ouh wjfndaO lr .ekSug wmQj yelshdjla we;' tu wjfndaOfhka
.eUqre iudhlg je" w;sYsIag kqjKla yd m%{djla jOkh lr
.ekSug Tjqkg Yla;sh we;' ;dhs,ka;fha fndfyda is,a ud;djka iy
Wmdisldjka yg" NslaIQka wNsnjd hqKq ;,hka lrd hEug yels we;'
f ksid luGdkdpdka jykafia,d Tjqkf.a Ndjkd l=i,;djhka
yekau
mqreIhka yd iudk ;;ajfha we;s nj ms<s.kska" ldka;djkag Wiia

f,i i,l;s' ;dhs,ka;fha j;udk f.!rjkSh wdpdhhka jykafia,d
wdh ud.fhys Wiia u M, ,nd .ekSug ldka;djka olaI ne ms<s.ks;s'
tfukau me ldka;dfjda YsIag .=rejhka njg o fndfyda wjia:dj,
ksfoaY lr;s' fndfyduhla wdrKH.; luGdkdpdka jykafia,d
yg YsIH is,a ud;djka iy YsIH Wmdisldjka isk w;r" Tjqka fYaIs;
jQ Ihhka .ek .=reyrel ug fhdod f.k we;' fuu ldka;dfjda ta ta
wd.l lghq;=j, b;d Wkkafjka fhfo;s' iuyre Ndjkd lrkakshka
f,i o" iuyre f,v iqj lrkakshka f,i o" ;j;a iuyrla .=rejhka
f,io lghq;= lrka ck;djf.a f.!rjdorhg m;aj we;' ldhs is,a
ud;dj tjka ldka;djls' wE fuka wksla is,a ud;djka o" wkd.; mrmqr
Wkka lrjka" ia;%s mqreI fomdYjhg u" m%;sM, ,nd .ekSug nqu.
jr lr Wreu lr fo;s'
uhs ldhsf.a p;dmodkh fufia f.dkqfldg we;af;a ,nd .;
yels o;a; tl;= l< b;sydi p; l;djla fuks' ug fidhd.; yels
jQ wdrx" wE j;a jQ ld,h iy iudc ;,h wkqj ilia flf<' wE
iska u mejiQ joka iy wef.a iuld,Skhka mejiQ joka" tfuka u
isoaka fuhg we;=<;a lr we;' ud mjik fuu l;dj ;dhs NdIdfjka
,shQ fkdfhla uQ,dY%hkaf.ka f.dkq lr .;af;ls' wef.a Ndjkd mmodj
inka; b;d jeo.;a l;d ;u jdl yd ,s; foaYk u.ska fy<sor
l<" w;smQcH uyd fndajd f;reka jykafiag uu Kh .e;s fj' Wka
jykafia wef.a f,daflda;a;r {dkh iy m%{dj .ek l< ia;r" ldhs
is,a ud;dj ksjka wjfndaOh i|yd mshjfrka mshjr .;a m%.;sh ia;r
lsu i|yd uu fuys fhdod .;s' weh w;smQcH uyd fndajd ysf.a
l=i,;d mQK YsIHdjkaf.ka flfkls' Wka jykafia wehf.a wdOHd;al
hqKqj .ek lsis ielhla wm ;=< we;s fkd lf<a h'
mQcH bka;jdhs ysfhda fuu fmd; ,sfuys ,d ug uy;a jQ ffOhhla
jQy' ldhs is,a ud;dj <ore l, isg u imj weiqre l< fyhska" w;S;
pd;% jd;%d miq ia;r f.dkq lr .ekSf jkd W,am;la h'
uhs ldhsf.a oekg j;a jk im {d;Ska" wef.a fm!oa.,sl ;fha
xxi
xxii
wNHka;r ia;r;a" f,!lsl ;fhka wE;a j .; l< uq,a wjh .ek;a

lreKq ud fj; ,nd Ks' ffjoH fmkaY%s ulrfkdka wehf.a uy ld,h
;=<" uy;a jQ fjfyila f.k weh /l n,d .kska" id;a;= l<d h' weh"
is,a ud;djf.a wjidk ld,fha O <.kakd iq ia;r mejiQ w;r is,a
ud;dj ;u ffjoH fialdjkag fm!oa.,sl j mejiQ wdYaphj;a l;d o
ud yg oek .; yels h'
fuu ia;r ish,a, u wehf.a ; l;dj kue;s ij f.;Sug
uu f.dkq lr .;af;' tkuq lg jpkska yd ,s; j ud fj; ,nd
ka iuyrla ia;r tlg tl fkd .e,mSula yd inkaO;djfhka f;dr
njla gqfj' tlu l;djg O w:l;k ka wjia:d fndfyda h'
iuyr ;ekl wjYH u lreK tys fkd h' tjka wjia:djkays
uu wehf.a w;sfYaIs; jQ widudkH ;a; m%;srEmh;a wehf.a YsIag
olaI;d;a tlalr .kska f.d;k ijg udf.a ml,amkh ;=<ska" lgq
igyka tl;= flf<' fuh Ydia;%Sh .%ka:hl iajrEmhla fkdjk w;r
fn!oaO m%;smodfjys fhfokakka Wkka lru i|yd jeh;a u ;
jD;dka;hla fia ilia lsu uf.a wruqK h' tu wjYH;djh is;ays
ordf.k" mQK uqla;sh idlaId;a lsu i|yd isf;ys .eUqfrys ishq
Ou;djka fufkys lrka nq uf.ys hEug flfrk wdrdOkdjla fia
fuu fmd; n,kq we;ehs uu Yajdi lr'
NslaLq iS,r;fkd
j;a md id,d fkdhs wdrKHh
;dhs,ka;h
wdYsjdoh
wms fuf,djg ys f. f. hk
k udi wjqrej,g wef,ka
tajdg jeo.;alula wdfoaY lruq'
wmf.a;a wka whf.a;a ;hkays
jeo.;alu .ek wms Yajdi lruq'
f fya;=j ksid wmf.a is;a
ksrka;rfhka ta la fokd .ek ie,ls,a,la olajhs'
pka mdIdK uq;=

kujk Y; jIh uq, ;dhs cd;slhka ol=Kq kfha isg" flka
l ixl%uKh fjoaoS" fudai iq< iu c,Odrdjka >k jkdka;r
;=<g fuka u" idrj;a ;eks;,djkag ldka " wyfia jKh iu. uqiq
fmd<f N+ Iu;d ,laIK iqkaor oYk njg m;a lrh' fuu
wdlIKSh oYk iu t;S f.;S w;S;fha ishu kka ye|skajQ
foaYfha" l w;r yd hdj;ays" ol=Kq kfha isg ixl%uKh jQ idudkH
ckhd" f.da;% jYfhka fn ;ekska ;ek is mx jQfjdah' fuu f.da;%
fndfyduhla w;ka mQ ;dhs fldgi iajdk olaI f.dka fuka u
olaI ovhlaldrfhda o jQy' r;= .x.df bjqre winv j;a jQ" fhdais
k jQ mmQK k ck j.fhka mejf;k fudjqyq" l,ska l, we;s
jQ foaYmd,k fya;+ka ksid" wi,ajdiS ol=Kq ,dfjda rdcOdkSka w;ka"
mrmrdfjka mrmrdj" fldx . olajd ;,a fj wjq;a mx jQy'
Tjqyq Y;jI .Kkdjla rg wNHka;r j mxj isg miqj .x.df
biau;af;ys" ngysr foig ysKq idrj;a fmfoiays isr mx jQy'
ishjia .Kkdjla fudjqyq NslaIhkag c, .e,Sj,g" iajNdl
jHikhkag fuka u" fYdapkSh cd;sjdoS wr.,hkag o ue jQy' miq ld,hl
fuu olaI mQ ;dhs cd;slfhda foaYmd,kSh jYfhka tlg neKq ck

fldgila jYfhka" mdrml j igkald j is kdhlhka yd md,lhka
hgf;a j;a jQy' uqlaoyka rdcOdksh tkka ye|skajQfha .x.d bjqre
winka fidhd .;a pka mdIdK uq;= yuqfuka miqj h' fudjqkf.a
ck ;fha flakaia:dkh fuh h'
merKs ishfuys uqlaoyka m%dka;fha ld pd B ia;%slalfha j;a jQ"
mQ ;dhs f.d mrmrdjg wh;a l=vd ck fldgila ndka yqwdhs idhs
kka ye|skajqKs' fuu l=vd .u msysfha wE;g j .sh fldx .x.df
wE; ;eks;,djkag ol=K;ska msys" mQ mdka l jefha mduq, Wia jQ
ukyr N+ fmfoil h' fuu .udkh yqwdhs nEx idhs iy yqwdhs nEx
b .x.d w;r jQ Wia N+hl msys >k jkdka;rfha msysfha h' jdih
lsu i|yd ljdldrj ilid .;a N+ fldgil ,S lKq u; f.dv ke.+
,E,s f.j,a iuQyhlska fuu ckdjdih iuka; h' fuu .jdiSyq
pd;% jd;% .ek je jegySula ke;s" oe p; we;s tfy;a lm fkdjQ
ir, fmj;la f.k .sh we;af;da h' Tjqkf.a ldj jQfha f.d;ek
yd ovhuhs' jkdka;rfha iSudjkays t<s fmfy<s lr.;a idrj;a
fldgiays fudjqka f.d;eka lf<da h' l=Uqre msys iSudjkaf.ka Tng
kej; jkdka;rh wE;g ysKs' fuu jkdka;rh fldkaf.ka iy j,a
w,skaf.ka .yk jQjls' tfiau woaN+; jQ wk;=reodhl ;eka o h okjk
ia:dk o" fuu jkfhys .ykj we;s fyhska" .jdiS ish,af,dau tluq;=
j tla fldgilg muKla iSud wdrlaIdj i|yd iduQysl j j;a ug
fm<UqfKda h'
fldx .x.dj Tiafia j .sh w;sYd, ireidr N+ m%foaYhl msys
uqlaoyka" fjku rdcOdkshla f,i l%shd;aul h' miqj ishf pla rc
fm<m;g mlaImd; j iajdk m%dka; rdcHhla jYfhka ia:dms; h'
mqrdjD;a;shkag wkqj ndka yqwdhs idhs .udkh miq l,l rc fm<mf;a
fidfydhqhka ;sfofkl=f.a jdi N+h h' - ldhs l=uh" la l=uh"
iy ld ;dhs l=uh - fuu .udkh mQ ;dhs ldka;djkaf.a fmd p;
,laIKhkays fkd ueflk igyka ;nd we;' f l=uhka ;sfokdf.a
fm!oa.,sl p; ,laIK" nqoau;a" wm%;sy; ffOhfhka hq;a idOdrK j
is;k m;k mrmqrla f.dv ke.Sug bjy,a h' ;u Wreuh .ek wdvnr
wdYSjdoh ( pka mdIdK uq;=
jqj o" iajdk j odhdo lr.;a ffOhjka;lka hq;a" mQ ;dhs cd;slhka

;u is;a ;a" NdIdj iy im%odhhka yd tlg neKq fYaIs; ck
fldgila h' fuu Wreuhka mrmrdfjka mrmrdjg mQckSh j.lSula
f,i ixl%uKh h'
19 jk Y; jIh w." ishf ndka yqwdhs idhs .udkfha
ufyaia;%d;ajrhd jQfha ;fidaka ishd;a.a h' Tyqf.a n,;, Tyq m;a
l< ia;%slalfha wm;s jQ c hqx iska mejrE n,;, h' Tyqf.a n,
m%foaYh ;=< we;sjk wdrjq,aj,g uey;a fuka iu" ikaiqka nj
/lSu" tfuka u mQ ;dhs cd;slhkaf.a iycfhka u mj;sk hq;= whq;=l
.ek oekSu Wmfhda.s fldgf.k wi,ajdiSkaf.a iduh iu.sh we;s lsu
Tyq i;= j.lS h'
ufyia;%d;a ;fidka idudkH nqoahla we;s ck;djg fiajh lsug
ksfoaYs; hqla;s.rel ksfils' f.da;%h ;=< iduh mj;ajdf.k hEfuka
mq ;dhs f.da;%fha wkkH;djh /lSu i|yd Tyqf.a ldhNdrh tuska
bgqlf<ah' Tyqf.a |" fvdka Ydka; .;s mej;= we;s lreKdjka;
ldka;djls' weh o ufyia;%d;a ks,kduh biqj o lSug ;r rdcldhla
wE i;=j fkd ;snqKs' tkuq;a weh orejka mia fofkl=f.a nr biqjd
h' wehg isfha jeuy,a ms orejka ;sfofkl= iy < < ,enqKq
.eyekq orejka fofofkls' nd, u oeh bmfKa 1901 jif fkdjen
ui 8 jeks k whu h' wehf.a uj wehg z;mdhsZ hkqfjka k ;enqjdh'
tys f;areu" zweig wdlIKh jkZ hkakhs'
<ore l, isg u" jpkska m%ldY lsug ne ;r mqudldr oekq
iNdrhla ;mdhs ;=< Woamkh h' wehg l:d lsug yelsj;a u wef.a
ujg uquqK uquqKd" rd;%s ld,fha wdf,dalu;a jl%dldr udk ;=<ska
wdYaphu;a ia:dkj,g .sh isoaka ryfia mejiqjd h' tu ia:dk .ek
wehg jpkska ia;r lsug wmyiq jqj o bsfhka ia;r lsug wE
fjfyi oerejd h' jir .Kkdjlg miq wE fn!oaO is,a ud;djla jQjdg
miq fojkka iu. wE yeKq jevqKq ie;a" Tjqka yd ;%j is whqre;a
fkd mels, j mejiqjd h' fof,dj wef.a ;=hkaf.a m%Ndiajrh oel
.; yels jQfha wehg muKs' tu fojkka wiS; jdr .Kkla wef.a
iyldhka j is ne o weh mejiqjdh' j;udk

wehf.a wdOHd;al Yla;sh kdY lrkq we;ehs Tjqyq
tu wOHd;al Yla;sh fuu mD ;,hg we,S isu
h' wef.a rEmldfhka .e," jHf,dalj, Tjqka iu.
foaj;dfjda weh j fm<Uqfjda h'
ldhsl iajrEmh
h jQy' wehf.a
je<elau i|yd
ie ieug tu
;mdhsf.a uj iy mshd b;d Nla;su;a fn!oaOfhda jQy' Tjqka nq

uf.ys Wiia M, ,nd.;a keUqrejla oHudk jk nj wka whg fmkqKs'
WodyrKhla jYfhka tjlg mQ ;dhs ixialD;sfha b;d m%lg j ;snQ N+;
jkaokdjkaf.ka wE;a h' tajdg wf.!rjhla fkd jk fia ;u wOHd;al
lghq;=j, ksr; jQy' fuu mjq, j;a jQfha .f mkai, msmi h'
mkai, jgd b l< WK .ia fudjqkf.a bvug hdno j msysgd ;snqKs' tajd
fldf;la im j msysgd ;snqKd o lsjfyd;a .%SIau ld,fha mkai,a jeg
woaor ;snQ Yd, wU .fia bKq f. ;mdhsf.a f.,g jegqKs' fuu
jgmsgdj iu mkaif,a Wfoa iji flfrk is;a ikik jkaokdjkag
ijka foka wdrdufha ffoksl wd.l rgdjg yqre mqre fjka" ;mdhs
jhiska uqyql=rd jevqKs' ;ju;a oehl f,i ish o NslaIQkaf.a .d:d
iajrh ;u yoj; ;=< iamkaokh jk ;=re tu y~ flfrys ;u is;
msysgqjd tl lr .ekSug weh mqre jQjd h' wjqreoao ;=< mkaif,a ta ta
khkays meje;afjk fn!oaO W;aijhkays we;s m%fndaOh" weh w;sYhska
l=,au;a l<dh' wef.a ksji msgqmi mkai,a N+fha tjeks kj, mej;s
ieKfl<s i|yd uq .u u tla /ia h'
;u mshd NslaIQka jykafia,dg oela jQ w;suy;a jQ f.!rjh ;mdhs
uis,af,ka n,d ishd h' tu f.!rjh rcfha Wiia ks, orejkg oelajQ
huqiq f.!rjhla fkd h' th iajNdjfhka u jD; yka fmka jQ
Y%oaOdjka; Nla;s m%Kduhls' ;mdhs iy wef.a wud km;d u msKavmd;
jk iajdka jykafia,dg flfi,a fld<j, T;d lsn;a iy jHxck
md;a;rj,g ms<s.kaj;s' wehf.a mshd NslaIQka jykafia,d .udkfha
iSudj miqlrk f;la miq .uka hkafka h' ;fidka fndfyda g NslaIQka
jykafia,d msKavmd;h ,nd .kakd ;=re wE;g n,d isu mqreoaola
fldg isfha h' Tyq iuyr kl iajdka jykafia,df.a wdydrj,ska
msreKq md;a;r mkai, olajd /f.k f.dia Ndr wdmiq tkafkah' ;fidka
i;r fmdahg fkdjrojd u is,a iudoka jk flfkls' tu khkays Tyq
uq ojiu mkaif,ys b;d i;=ka .; lrhs' NslaIQka jykafia,df.a iq
iq jev lr fuka iy Wkajykafia,d iu l;d ny lsfuka Tyq uy;a
i;=gla kafoa h' <dnd, <oehla j ish ;mdhsf.a jk Yla;sh"
f,!lsl f,dalh;a f,daflda;a;r f,dalh;a w;r ksoyfia .uka lrkakg
h' kuq;a wehg wjqre 5la .; fjoa" tu f,dal fol u wE bfha lvd
jegqKs' lsis is;s,a,la fyda wk;=re yeula fyda fkdue;sj fkdis;+
wjia:djl wef.a uj wikSmj h .shd h' wehf.a isf;ys we;sjQ lmkh
iy jHdl+,;ajh ksid wE Yajdi l< ish,a, u lvd je iS iS lv is
.sfha h'
wju.=,a W;aijh pd j mej;=Ks' tk ;mdhs" fkdie,ls,su;a
fia wjqrd ;snQ ,S fldg iy o~q u; ;ekam;a lr ;snQ iqfr fmdgj,a
lSmhlska t;+ wef.a wudf.a YS;, j >k jQ Yrh foi Nfhka rdka;
j n,d ishd h' .sks oe,a ys ksh T;d ;snQ fr ms<siaiS ksfha yu
o oe h mg k.ska wuq wuqf uia udxY fmaYSka ms ms lr .|
.ioa" wE fokdfjka ysi fjk;lg yrjd .;a;d h' wjidkfha ishu
.sks oe,a ks lmdg j jK jQ weg le,s iy w muKla b;s jqj
o" wehg ta foi n,kakg is; bv fkdkafka h'
wudf.a wNdjh;a iu ;mdhs nd, fha u fjkiau wysu
;fha tla fldgila nj;a" fYdalh iy urKh ;fha fjka l<
fkd yels wjia:d nj;a jgyd .;a;d h' flka l wef.a mjqf,a whf.a
msysfgka fYaIfhka ;u fidfydhqrka jk mvka iy m bkaf.a msysfgka
wehf.a l ;=kS lr .ekSug yels h' ;shqKq oEila iy oe wIaGdk
Yla;shla we;s ;u keKshg Tjqyq fnfyka wdorh l<y' wudf.a
wNdjfhka Tjqka o fYdalfhka ish uq;a" ke.Ksh i;=ka ;nd wehf.a
l ;=kS lsug Tjqyq fjfyi oerefjda h' wjidkfha ;u mshd yd ne|s
.eUqre msh fikyi wehf.a la fodki re lsug iu;a h'
;u |f.a wNdjfhka miq ;fidka iEu i;r fmdah kl u ;u
hKsh ;mdhs" mkai,g f.k hEug mqre j isfha h' mkai,a N+fha weh
mshd iu fndfyda f,djla wjg n,ka wjg Yo wika tfuka u

oj,a isysk ujka" kslrefKa jd ishd h' tfia jd isu la ;=kS
lr .ekSug msysglehs Tjqkg is;=Ks' ;mdhs mkaif,a jgmsgdj m%sh l<d
h' bv ,;a iEu f,djl u mkaif,a wU .i hgg fydfrka fydfrka
f.dia jd lsisjla fkd lr ksi, nf wdiajdoh ri kaod h'
nqka jykafiaf.a Wm; nqoaO;ajh yd mksjdKh isys lrk fjila
fmdfydak W;aij yd mQcdjkag iyNd.s ug ;mdhs w;sYfhka m%sh
l<dh' ndka yqwdhs idhs .udkh fjila udih ;=< w;sYhska wisu;a
njla bis,Sh' jdIsl jeis ld,h wdrN fj;a u iEu ;ekl u u,a msmS
jKj;a h' W;aij iufha mQcd lsu i|yd fndfyda fokdf.a oE;a ks;ru
mdfya iqj| u,aj,ska ms ;snqKs' ,sfik nq rej whi ;gq lSmhlska
hq;a u,a wdikh u; kd kd jKj,ska hq;a iqj|e;s u,a rdYshla w;=rd
;sfnkq oelsh yel' ijia ld,fha ix>hd jykafia iy .sys Wmdil
Wmdisldfjda oe,afjk bmkao w;e;s j nqf.h jgd fm< .eiqKy' bka
miqj ix> r;akh uQ,sl j ish,af,da u tl;=j nqoaO jkaokd Ou jkaokd
.d:d iCOdhkd lf<da h' fuu jkaokd ffY,sh w;sYfhka uk n|sk
ish,af,da u m%fndaOj;a lrjk mQcdjka h' tfkod j;a jk ;;ajfhka
f wh wdOHd;al jYfhka Tijd ;eula fuu jkaokdjkaf.ka isjk
nj ish,af,da u ms<s.;ay'
mshdf.a;a hKshf.a;a wdOHd;al <ne|shdj flka l jOkh
fjoa" ;mdhs uq, wlue;af;ka jqj o l l,lg miqj weh w;a
|sk woaN+;ckl wmQj ndysr f,dalh .ek ia;r ;u mshdg mejiqjd
h' ;fidka tu l;djkag u;sfhka iy bjiSfuka ijka kafka h'
fl<sf,d,a fojrekaf.a l;d" isysk f,dalfha ksNS; l;d" tuka u
ufkdauh pdld .ek ia;r hKsh lshoa bjid ordf.k wid ish o
tajd flfrys je Yajdihla Tyq fkd ;e h'
wehg jhi wjqre 7 ;mdhs wehf.a fmr Njhkays" ksia wd;au
iy fkdksia wd;au .ek O u;l igyka w;a ug mgka .;a;d
h' uy;a jQ Wkkajlska ;ud jfrl lsls<shl j" ffjoHjrfhl= j"
l=udldjl j tfuka u idudkH ksfil= j miq.sh wd;auhka ;=< j;a
jQ whqre wysxil j ;u mshdg okajd ishd h' ;mdhsf.a mshd wehf.a jeia
yelshdj .ek lsisfia;a i;=gq fkdjQfha h' Bg we;s ;on, wlue;a; Tyq
wehg lSf h' Tyqf.a lkiai,a, w;sYhska je h' fuh ;u is;g jo
ka m%n, fya;=jla jQ ksid Tyqf.a uqyqfKa meyeh mjd fjkia h' lgy~
;ck iajrEmhlg fmrKs' fuu jeia oYk .ek lsisjl=g fkd
lshk f,i Tyq ;u hKshg uq,ska lreKdfjka lSj o" miqj oef,i
wjjdo kafka h' ksiaiq weh Wkau;a;l fl,a,la yehg ye|skah
yels hhs lshd" wehg wk;=re ye h' fuu l=vd ck iudch ;=<
ye jefvk wehg fuh fkd uelsh yels le<,la fia ;hg n,mdkq
we;ehs oeka h' idm%odhsl jYfhka ldka;djlf.ka mjq,g h hq;=
hq;=l ;u mjq, fjkqfjka bgq lsug weh i;=ka iQodk jQjd h'
wehf.a jeuy,a fidfydhqh iu .Dy md,k lghq;= fnod .;a;d h'
ifydaohka fofokdf.ka jvd Yla;su;a jQfha o jevm<j,g leue;a;
oelajQfha o ;mdhs h' ;u u b;d m%ikak f,i bgq l< f.or fodf
wiS; jevm," weh i;=ka Ndr f.k fmr fia u bgq l<d h' f.or
lre fyda mdkaoka ke.sg ,sm .sks fud<jd tk n; msiSu l< hq;= j
;snqKs' lre fyda wdydr mss<sfh, l< miqj Ndck fidaod mfilska ;eu
o wjYH j ;snQ jevls' w;= .Eu" mska fldamam fidaod msis lsu" fr
fiau wd ldhhkag wu;r j mqka leu" fr u" breKq we
w;a jehd lsu o wehf.a ffoksl ldhhkag wksjdhfhka tl;= h'
fldiq w;ska iE tajd h' tfuka u kd kd ud,sfha u o ldka;dj w;ska
ieliqKs' n;a /f.k hdug ng m;=rej,ska ;ekQ l=vd Ndck o" y;= yd
m,d j. tl;= lsu i|yd fje,aj,ska iE ;e o Tjqka i;=j ;snqKs'
l=vd l, isg u ;mdhs" fujka wfkal ud,sfha ldhhka bgqlsug
wIaGdkfhka hq;=j ;u Yrh ilia lr .;a;S h' f.or fodf tla
tla ffoksl ldhhka i|yd fuka u tla tla .Dy ludka; i|yd
fYaIs; olaI;djhka ;sh hq;= fyhska" tu yelshdjka ,nk ;=re meh
.Kkdjla tu ldhhkays ksr; ug wehg is h' tu ldhhkays fkd
fhfok f,djkays weh l=Uqre jefvys fyda hdno le,h wdY%s; fjk;a
jevl ksr; jQjd h' tu jev lsug mjd wjYH l=i,;d weh hqKq lr
.;a;d h' wef.a uj j;a j ish " wjg l w;rg fkdao .uka f.dia
10
T!IO me<E iy le,E m,d j. tl;= l<d h' tfia ke;fyd;a l=vd
fmdl=Kqj, uiqka we,ajd h' weh wef.a kekao,d iy {d;s fidfydhqre
fidfydhqhka iu wdydrhg iqiq y;= iy I iys; y;= ykd .kska
o meKsri T!IO me<E iy ;s;a; T!IO me<E .ek bf.k .kska
o wjg le,Ef ieierejd h' me< isgqu" wiajekak fk<Su tfia;a
ke;sk wdydr j. tl;= lsu km;d flreKq fmd ldhhka h'
mQ ;dhs ckhdf.a m%Odk wdydrh jQfha wef,kiq yd,lska msiQ
n;a h' fuu n;a wkqNj lsfuka Tjqkf.a jk rgdj jvd;a Yla;su;a
h' jeiai n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka f.dfhda l=vd ,sh ilid tys ;jka
lf<da h' tu ld,fha u Tjqkf.a yrla fhdojd fmdf<dj ilia
lsu lr .;ay' jeis ld,h wdrN wjYH ;r fmdf<dj f;;a jQjdg
miq kej;;a yrl=ka fhdojd ,sh uv lr fmdare .id f.dh me<
isgqug fmdf<dj ilid .kS' bkamiq f.,sfhda lKavdh f,i fma<s
ie mshjfrka mshjr msgqmig hka f.dh me< ufvys wkska isgqj;s'
f.d;ek" Y%uh fndfyda fia jeh jk j.djls' kuq;a f.d;ek
.jeisfhda iduQysl j tlg ne| ;nkakls' ;mdhsf.a wudf.a wNdjfhka
miq wef.a mjq,g {d;s jQ yeu mjq,l u ldka;dfjda wef.a mshdf.a l=Uqf
me< isgqug tl;= jQfjda h' ;ju;a tjeks ldhhka i|yd fkd frE
weh wre wyia;,h hg kshr u; ys| jeys ia;%Ska f.dh me< isgqjkq
n,d ishd h' Tjqka yd tlg fma<s ie ;ud o f.dh isgqjk oji
.ek isyslrka" weh tfoi n,d ishd h' wudf.a urKfhka wjqre
lSmhla .; jQ miq ;mdhsf.a mshd kej; jdyhla lr .;af;a h' Tyqf.a
w;a ukd,sh jQfha" uE;l ;u iajdhd" jix.; frda.hlska h .sh
jekaoUqjls' jka jr me;sfrk fuu jix.; frda." lgql ; .; lrk
fuu .jdiSkaf.a ; ;j;a Ialr lrkakla h' ;mdhs wef.a l=vud
m%sh l<d h' f fofokd Tjqfkdjqkaf.a im weiqr m%sh l<y' l=vudf.a
;reK hKsh ;mdhsg .e<fmk ;=hla jQjd h' kj wdrNhlg ;ud
uq, msrejd fia wehg ye=Ks' ta .ek weh i;=gq jQjd h' ;fha fuf;la
uqyqK ka iEu wjia:djla u weh iskd uqiq uqyqKska Ndr .;a;d h' ndysr
lghq;= i|yd wE oelajQ m%ikak wdl,amh .e ;fha lgql ;eka ;=kS

lrug Wmld h'
l=vud ys l< <s fidfydhqrd" fuf,dj t<sh oel l klska
h .sfha h' hula wys f l fokdj" ;mdhs yg kej;;a oekqKs'
wks;HNdjh ;=< i;H jYfhka u mj;sk wiykh weh kej;;a w;a
gqjd h' ks;r fjkia jk wys jk wef.a f,dalh .ek wjYH oekSu
ffofjdam.; j ,efnk nj wehg jegyqKs' fkka k" l,ska l, wef.a
f,dalh jfrl le |S f.dia kej; ilia jk whqre weh w;agqjd h'
fjkia jk iajNdjh ;fha wLKav j isjk Ou;djhls' fjkau
;fha idudkH fohls'
mQ ;dhs .f jeisfhda Ialr ; .; l< we;af;da h' ksula ke;s
jevm< ldka;djka i;= h' wdydr msiSu" fiau" ueySu" f.;Su" jemsu"
wiajekak fk<Su wd ldhhka jifrka jir lsis fjkila fkdue;sj
.e ldka;djf.a oE;ska bgq h' fujka ldhhkays ksr; fjka ;mdhs
o" ;u l=vud iu. b;d iu.sfhka ld,h .; l<d h' nr jev fofokd
w;r fnod yod .kska o gl Wiq iq lr .kska o i;=ka l, oji
f.jQy' ;mdhs j;a jQ m%foaYfha mdie,la fkd ;snQ fyhska wehg u;a
wOHdmkhla ,nd .ekSug fkdyels h' kuq;a fjk;a iajrEmhlska wehf.a
nqoah jOkh h' wef.a ksji" l=Uqre hdh iy >k jkdka;rh wef.a
mdie,a h' fuu wdh;kj,ska wehf.a ;hg l,amj;sk fYaIs; .eUqre
mdv ,nd .ekSug yels h' wdorh ms<sn| mdv" w;ayeu" wiarnj"
bjiSu n,dfmdfrd;a;= lvu iy wIaGdk Yla;s wd Ihhkaf.ka
,eh yels mdv fuka u la u iy ueoy;a j isu wd mdv o tu
jkd Ihhka w;r h' fuu wOHdmkh iu wef.a <ud ld,fha oekSu
jifrka jir jOkh h'
11
12
Tn Tn u ykd.kak'
Tf jer ms<sf.k"
tajd ksjer lr.ekSug lghq;= lrkak'
Tn" lsisjla Tfnka ijkak tmd'
ieug u jeh" Tn Tng fndre lshd .kak tmd'
i;=gq k uq f,djg u Tng fndre lsj yel"
kuq;a" Tn Tng fndre lshd fkd .; hq;=hs'
ksNS; rKre ;a; ffOhh

jIfha h<s WIaKdl ld,j, " ka g Oq;dx.Od NslaIQyq ndka
yqwdhs idhs .udkh yryd" yqol,d j Ndjkdjg iqiq flS ;eka fidh
fidhd .shy' .udkh jglr msys l jeh iy w;sYd, >k le,Ej
ck;dj j<lajk wk;=re okjk m%foaYhla h' jk i;=ka ksoe,af,a
yeisreKs' kSp N+;fhda tu fmfoia rc lrka ishy' uq fmfoiu
>k le,Efjka .yk jqj o" th h okjkakla fkd h' Oq;dx.Od
pdld NslaIQka yg Tjqkf.a fhda.djpr h yqol,df f.ug fuu
jkdka;rh iqiq u ia:dkhla h'
f Oq;dx.Odka ish,a, w;yer" ksjka wruqKq fldg fuu md
le,E mdrj,ays md .ukska ksy~ j ks;r ks;r hkq olakg ,enqKs' Tjqyq
;u is; lh ixisjd .ekSu i|yd iqiq ia:dk fidhka .shy' ksjka u.
hka la re lsu i|yd lje" .,a.=yd" f,ka wdh fidhka fudjqyq
pdldf fhky' ;fha je fldgila t<suyfka .; lrk fuu
Oq;dx.Od NslaIQyq ld,.=Ksl mhdihka" iy uQ,Od;= mkduhkag ,la
fjka j;a jQy' mirh yd noaO fjka" iajNdj Oufha ,laIKhka yd
tla fjka fudjqyq ;u ; f.k .shy' mj; .iafld<ka" we< fod<
wdYSjdoh ( ksNS; rKre ;a; ffOhh
iy .x.d" fld j,iqka" imhska j,a w,ska w;rg Oq;dx.Od NslaIqj o

tla h' Wka jykafia,df.a meje;aug" jkdka;rh woaor msys l=vd
.udkhka f.dre .udkhka fia i,ld" msKavmd;h i|yd jkakg
mqre jQy'
rKrejl= i;= ksNS; Ndjh iy ;a; ffOhh" Oq;dx.Od
NslaIQka yd ii|k l< msi tl iudk nj mQ ;dhs .jeisfhda Yajdi
l<y' fuu fya;=j ksid tu NslaIQkaf.a wjYH;d imqrd .ekSu i|yd fuu
.jdiSkaf.a Wmldrh Wkajykafia,dg ,enqKs' ;mdhsf.a mshd jkdka;r
wdY%s; NslaIQka flfrys je we,aula oela h' f kshu nqoaO mq;%hka h
hkqfjka" uqyqKg u| iskyjla k.d .kska" Tyq Wkajykafia,d w.h
lf<a h' pdldf jk tjka NslaIQka jykafia gq jydu l=vd orefjl=
fuka WfoHda.su;a j Wkajykafia,d ms<s.;af;a h'
1914 jif " lS;su;a Oq;dx.Od luGdkdpdh lka;iSf,d
ysf.a jeu;a iu." ndka yqwdhs idhs .udkfha wdOHd;al ;;aFjh
oefia fjkia h' wE; idjl isg wkq.dl NslaIQka jykafia,d lSm
kula o legqj" Wkajykafia tla kl ksoe,af,a md .ukska fuu m%foaYhg
jehy'
Tjqka udi .Kkdjla u weka" uq,k
s a u ,difha isg ishf
kfldaka *fkda m%dka;hg fldx .x.dj yryd meK we;' bka miqj
ifldka kfldka ys kef.kyska msy
s l jeh wudrefjka ;rKh
fldg" uqloa ydka olajd *q *dka jkdka;rh yryd meK we;'
mQcH id f;reka jykafia jhi wjqre 55 la jqjo" ksj;k .%SIauh
bjika w;s Ialr jQ fmfoia ojia .Kkdjla" fkdfjkia j tlu
m%udKfha mshjr ;nka" .uka l< fial' Wkajykafia iy YsIH msi
ndka yqwdhs idhs .udkh fmfkk f;la udkhg mefKoa" jdIsl
jeis ld,h wdrN jQjd muKs' j,dl= tlsfkl yemS YS;, fmdo jeiai
flka l jefgkakg mgka .;s' WKqiq fmdf<dj f;;ukh Wrd .;a
w;r ldka;su;a ysre t<sh ;ju;a fkd wvqj wyfia me;=reKs' ld,.=Kh
fufia fjkia fjoa" jiaidk ld,h t<fUk nj;a" jia iSu i|yd iqiq
13
14
ia:dkhla fih hq;= nj;a wdpdh id ysg bsfhka fuka oekqKs'

fuu jeis iys; udi ;=k NslaIQka jykafia,d oe j Ndjkdf ksr; jk
ld,hhs' nqka jykafia f.a Wmfoia m NslaIQka jykafia,d Tjqkf.a
pdld iuh kj;d tla ia:dkhlg " jy,la hg jdih lr;s'
wdpdh id iajdka jykafia" ;u YsIH msi o legqj ixjr .ukska"
;ju;a kskafoa miq jQ mQ ;dhs .udkhg whu we;= jqKs' f;;ukh;a
u;a w;ka Wkajykafia;a miqmiska fm<g wd f.da, msi;a uq,ska u
fmkqfKa Pdhdjka fia h' <x fj;a u iur mdg isjqre fmdrjd.;a NslaIQka
jykafia,d nj meye,s j fmkqKs'
mdjyka fkdue;s j" tla Wrysil t,ajd .;a md;a;rh iys; j .uka
.kakd fuu NslaIQyq" . jeishkaf.a m;Hd.hka" odk udk ,nd .ekSug
iQodk j ishy' n;a lrj," flfi,a hkdh fuka u Tjqka f.a isky
/,a,;a" f.!rjkSh kuialdrh;a tu m;Hd.hkag wh;a h' NslaIQka
jykafia,df.a Ydka; bh iy f.!rjkSh fmkqu . jdiSkaf.a is;a
Nla;sfhka l=,au;a l< w;r .f ia;%s mqreIfhda iy orefjda f Oufha
yeisfrk NslaIQka yg h wdydr f,la ,nd ug lE flda .iaka tfy
fufy jka" fmdr lEy' id ys iy Wkajykafiaf.a YsIH NslaIQka
;mdhsf.a ksji bfhka msKavmd;h i|yd joa" f.or ish,af,da
u ksji bfhka fjk" wmsis w mdr g wjq;a" wdydr iaj,amhla
yduqrejkaf.a md;a;rj,g fnok n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka isgf.k ishy'
fYaIs; jQ mska /ia lr .ekSu Tjqkf.a n,dfmdfrd;a;=j h'
uE;l fuu fmfoig ixl%uKh jQ NslaIQka .ek je ia;r
oek .ekSu i|yd ;mdhsf.a mshd" hyjka lSm fofkl= o iu. Wka
jykafia,d lmduq, ;djld,sl j ,e.= .;a wrK fidhd .shy' mQcH id
f;reka jykafia" lS;su;a luGdkdpdhhka jykafia kula yehg
uq m<df;a u m%isoahla biqj o ;fidka iy Tyqf.a ;=rka lsiskl
Wkajykafia oel fkd ;snqKs' kuq;a Wkajykafiaf.a ku lshfjkjd;a
iu. u Tjqkg ks ys ke;s m%S;shla Wmk' ;mdhs f.a mshd" id f;reka
yg jeys ld,fha ;u .u wi, jkfha jdih lsug wdrdOkd lf<a
h' fuu m%foaYfha N+ Iu;d ,laIK .ek ;mdhsf.a mshdg b;d fyd|
oekSula ;snqKs'
f.fhka c,h .,d hk we< fod<j,a o wjg m%foaYh jgd
lrlefjka fjk .x.d o" l jefha we;s .,a f,ka o" bhg
fkrd msys mj; fldgia o" tfuka u ;eks;,d ;DK N+ iy >k
jkdka;r o fuu .udkh wisu;a lf<a h' f yeu ,laIKhla .ek
u ukd oekSula ;mdhs f.a mshdg ;snqKs' ta ksidu Tyq .re;r iajdka
jykafiag u. fmkajkafkla h' jia jeiSu i|yd ia:dk lSmhla u Tyq
Wkajykafiag fmkah' .udkfha isg mehlska muK hd yels rlska"
jkfha nekala,ex .,a f,k iy ta wjg m%foaYh jia iSu i|yd iqiq hhs
id iajdka jykafia ;SrKh lf<a h' ;mdhsf.a mshd ta .ek i;=gq jqKq
w;r isf;a iekiSula o we;s h'
nq oyu ykajd ug m%:u mQ ;dhs jeisfhda merKs im%odhkag wkqj
u<.shjqka iy N+; jkaokdjkays .e,S ishy' le,Ejg wm;s fohkg"
N+;hkg" mrmrdf u<.sh we;a;kg ,s mQcd mej;aug;a jkaokd
lsug;a mqre j ishy' ;u mjqf,a h .sh whjkaf.a N+; wd;au jkaokd"
iEu ksjil u wksjdhfhka flfrk wd.l j;djf;ls' ta i|yd iEu
ksjil u je ms lsug ia:dkhla fjka lr ;snqKs' w;S;fha ;u
mjq,aj, h .sh uq;=ka ;a;ka i|yd O mQcdjka lsu ffoksl is;la
j mej;=Ks' fuu h.sh we;af;da" Tjqkf.a mjqf,a wh jdih l< ksji
tfuka u .u wk;=rej,ska j<lajd" wdrlaId lrkq we;ehs Tyq Yajdi
l<y' tu mQcdjka fkd lsfuka wjdikdjka; isoakag Tjqyq uqyqKmdkq
we;ehs o" Tjqka ;=< hla ;sKs' tfkod mjqf,a flfrk ldhhka
fyd|ska flfrf;d;a" h .sh we;af;da ksjfia flfrk mqo mQcd .ek
i;=gg m;a we;ehs Tjqyq Yajdi l<y' tfiau ksjig lror llfgd
meKshfyd;a" tfia jQfha mQcdjka ksisfia fkd flreK fyhska h .sh
we;af;da wi;=ka ksid hhs o" Yajdi lf<dah' Y=N ojia n,d" <md;
.ejfik fohka N+;hka iekiSug O mQcdjka lsug o Tjqyq uy;a
W;aidyhla .;ay' N=udg fohka iy wyfia fjfik fojre o Tjqka
wu;l lf<a ke;' iy,a iy c,h" fohka iu we;s inkaO;djh
.ek Tjqka w;r m%p,s; fuu merKs lshufkka ;yjqre f'
15
16
wkqNj lroa l=Uqrg w.Dys; fohka wu;l fkd lrkq' wmg

uiqka ,ndfok c,hg w.Dys; fofhda lsisodl wu;l fkd lrkq'
fndfyda .udk uOHfha fn!oaO isoaOia:dkhla fyda je ms
lsug iqiq ;ekla ;snqK o" u<jqka jkaokdj .jdiSka f.a ;j,g
b;d ;ka ld je ;snqKs' wdpdh id ys . w;f ieirka Odl
hl we;s .=Kd;aulNdjh Tjqkg meye,s lr Ks' tfiau Tjqkf.a
l%shdjka yd Yajdihka fya;= fldg we;sh yels M, mdl o Tjqkg
jgyd Ks' fohka yd N+;hka wm w;f bkakd nj Wkajykafia
m%;slafIam fkd lrk ,' Tjqka iEu ;eklg u" iEu fohlg u w.Dys;
j fjfik ne lSh' le,E" .ia" l" f,ka" .x.d" fl;aj;=" fmdf<dj
iy wyi hkdhg w.Dys; we;af;da isk njo tfiau lhla fkd ue;s
j fldgila o bkakd njg we;s Yajdi Wkajykafia ms<s.;s' tkuq
Wkajykafia tu fohka iy N+;hka yg" ksidf.a la fodkia we;s
lrjk n,hla ;sfnk nj Yajdi fkd l<y' tfiau ,s mQcd wd w,a,ia
" flfkl= uqyqK fok wiykld ;;ajhka f.ka wdrlaIdj ,nd.;
yel hk Yajdih o Wka jykafia fkd ms<s.;af;a h'
.ug mdhk br" jysk jeiai iy ysfok u" jdf.a u fuu wi,ajdiS
fohka iy N+;hka mQ ;dhs .udkfha u fldgils' Tjqka o bmu yd
urKh fuka fjka l< fkdyelsh' fuh o id yshka m%;slafIam fkd
lf<a h' kuq;a f wukqIHhka" .jdiSka fuka u Tjqfkdjqkaf.a lu
mdl wkqj ta ta ;;ajhkag meK we;s ne Wkajykafia Tjqkg myod
kay' iEu i;aFjfhl= u" . jeishka jdf.a u luh odhdo fldg we;s
ne jgyd Ks' fuu u<jqka jkaokdj iuyr gl tajdg weneys jQ
whg lsish udkisl Yla;shla ,nd fohs' wdpdh id ysf.a mKsvfha
idrh jQfha fm!oa.,sl j.lSu inkaOjhs' flfkl= w;a|sk i;=g fyda
fokdj" m%S;sh fyda l" Tyqf.a w;S; luhkaf.a m%;sM,hka h' th
Tyqf.a j;udkfha iodpdr imkak hy.=K u; ilia jkakla ne o
myod fok ,'
jia jeiSu i|yd id ysf.a wimqj b lsf jeiaig Tfrd;a;=
fok l= b lsu wjYH j ;sKs' tla tla ys kulg tla tla l=h
ne.ska o" m%d;sfudalaIh foaYkd lsug iy oka je<|Su i|yd Yd,djla o

wjYH h' ilauka Ndjkd i|yd fmdf<dj iu;,d lr ksis whqre ilia
lsu o" jeisls,s i|yd j<j,a iEu o islsug ;snqKs' yoj; mqrd biau;=
jQ m%S;shlska tfuka u WfoHda.hlska ;mdhsf.a mshd tu fiajdjka lr ug
iafjPdfjka bm;a h' w;a;sjdr ,S fldg i|yd Bg iqiq .ia lmd
brd ilia lsu" u ilia lsug WK nnq m,d f;rmd iqodk lr
.ekSu" jy< fi,s lr .ekSu i|yd Wi ;K lmd neu l< hq;= j
;snQ ldhhka h' Tjqyq w mdrj,a lmd iu;,d fldg j<f.dve,s jid"
w;=.d NslaIQkag myiqfjka hd yels fia ilia l<y' jeisls,s j<j,a ydrd
jg fi,s lrk ,' ;fidka iy Tyqf.a hyjka fuu bls lr ksu
fjoa" l%u l%ufhka ck Y+kH jkdka;rhl ms<sfj<lg ileiqKq l=vd
wdrKHhla ilia ;snqKs'
mQ ;dhs .udkh ;=< flka l wOHd;al fmr<shla we;sh' uq,
tl mjq,lska wdrN miqj wksla mjq,aj,g Y%oaOdj jHdma; j .sfhah'
nqrcdKka jykafia irK hEfuka ,nk wdrlaIs; n,h iudoka jk
YS,fha n,h Tjqkg ;ka u wjfndaO h' fndfyda fokd Tjqka fuf;la
fuf;la je ms l< mQcia:dk" foaj rEm N+; rEm wdh .sks ;nd
kdYfldg w njg m;a lrk ,' ;j;a iuyrla wh nq oyu .ek
iel my< lrka" Ouh je<| .ekSug miqng jQy' wm wjg ieirk
wukqIHfhda f .ek flfia m%;sl%shd olaj;a o@ Tjqyq m,s .ks;a o@
kslrefKa l;d fkd lrk" id f;reka jykafia" Wkajykafia
f.a iS; jpk Wmfhda.s lr .kska" .jdiSka ;=< mej;s fmd h
u yrjd Y%oaOdj iy YS,h Tjqka ;=<g ld jeoaug iu;a h' Tjqkg
b;d myiqfjka f;are .; yelsjk fia" Rcqj u ir, mdv u.ska
b.ekakqf h' flfkla ;=< Y%oaOdj we;slr,Su i|yd" ,s mQcd pd;%h
fjkqjg nqka" oy iy i irK hEu iqiq nj ta;a;= .eka h' YS,h
is;a ;=<g ld jeoau i|yd Tjqkg mxp YS,h iudoka ug yqre lf<a
h' i;=ka uefuka je<lSu" fidrl lsfuka je<lSu" fndre lSfuka
je<lSu" lduh jrojd yeisfuka je<lSu" iy u;a jH .ekSfuka je<lS
isu wd is,a mo b.ekah' ;u ;ukaf.a is;a iy l%shd ixjr lr .ekSu
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18
ir, fia fmkqK;a tys m%n, Yla;shla we;s ne Tjqkg jegyqKs' tfiau
wka whg;a ;udg;a ydkslr yeisfuka je<lS isu ;udf.a wdrlaIdj
;yjqre lr .ekSf Wml%uhla nj .jeisfhda jgyd .;s'
.jdiSkag Wo lsf wfhka" Tjqkf.a h re lsu i|yd
Ndjkdfjka ,eh yels wdrlaId iys; n,h Tjqkg lshd Ks' m<uq j"
nqka jeu i|yd iduQysl j nq .=K iCOdhkd lsug Tjqka fm<Uqf
h' Tjqkf.a yoj;a msis " ikaiqka jQ miq" ta we;a;kaf.a ielhka yd
wiykhka re lsug ir, niska flfhka fufia wjjdodkqYdikd
lf<a h'
Nh jkakg tmd" nqoafOda'''' nqoafOda'''' nqoafOda hkqfjka is; tl
lr.kska Ndjkd lrk fldg wukqIHhka Tng ndOd muqKqjkafka
keye' ; ld,h ;=< iEu flfkla u f,v fjkjd' wmg we;sfjk
wikSm" wukqIHhka fm%a;hka N+;hka ksid we;s fjkjd lshd is;Su fudav
lula' wfma Yr iEu fudfyd;l u crdjg m;a fjka" fjkia fjkjd'
ukqIH Yrh iy f,v u tlg tl noaO hk tlla' Tf uep
{d;Skaf.ka Wo b,a,Su lsis jevla ke;s fohla' Ndjkd lr,d ta msx h
.sh we;a;kag wkqfudaoka lsu Bg jvd fyd|hs' t;fldg fof.d,a,kag
u fudlla fyda hym;la fjkjd
lemfuka fn!oaO lghq;=j, fhfok . jdiSyq pd;%dkql+, j
i;r fmdfydh fjka lrjd f.k wd.l lghq;=j, fhfo;s' Tjqyq
fuu khkays NslaIQka jykafia,dg oka ms<s.ekau" iduQysl j .d:d
lSu" Ou foaYkdjkag ijka u" Ndjkd mqyqKqj wd foaj,aj,ska tllg
fyda lSmhlg iyNd.s fjka oji f.j;s' ;mdhs f jk g wjqre 16
l <oehls' w;ska bjqKq nExla ,Ex f,k wdY%s; wdrKHh fj; ;u
foudmshka iu. fndfyda ojil WoEikska u mhska hEug mqre j ishd
h' .eyekq orefjl= ksid NslaIQka w;f im j yeisug wehg bv lv
fkd ,enqKs' tfyhska wdpdh id yss .syshka wu;oa" ;mdhs Yd,df
wE;g " Wka jykafiaf.a uq fudf<dla lg y~ wefik iSudjl jd "
ijka kakd h'
.f ldka;djkaf.a msgqmiska jd " l=vudf.a Wrysiska biais biaiS

n, n,d is ;mdhs yg" wjg we;s wdOHd;al mirh iy W.kajk oE
wjfndaO lr .ekSug yels h' .udkfha wka ish,a,ka jdf.a u ;mdhs
o" Tjqkf.a ixialD;sl Wreuhka iu. fuf;la r je wd flfkls' weh
f,dalh foi n,oa o" w;S;fha isg wehg odhdo jQ tu ixialD;sl miqf
isg ne,Sug is h' l=vd l, isg u" foaj N+; hkaf.a kaf.a meje;aula
we;s nj oek ish o" tu woaN+; Yajdihka wE je<| fkd .;a;S h' ta
fjkqjg weh" wehf.a idudkH oekSfuka" fya;=j;a tys m%;sM,h;a inkaO
j we;a; fiug hqyqiq jQjd h' wef.a ksjfia u<.shjqka isys lsug l=vd
mqoiqkla blr ;snqK o" ;mdhsf.a is; iajNdjfhka u fm<UqfKa nqka
irK hEu iy nq yshka foiQ i;H jQ oyu irK hEug h'
fuu lreKq fya;= fldgf.k wpdh id ysf.a n,mEu" wehg
nd, fha u fkdfjkia j mj;sk nj jegyqKs' Wkajykafiaf.a ir, jQ
m%dfhda.sl ms<sfj;a wE f.!rjfhka w.h l<d h' Wkajykafiaf.a Ydka;
iqfYaI ;ekam;a ,dih" mQckSh ,S,dj" tfukau wNsudkj;a fmkqu
wehf.a is;a .;a wdh p; ,laIK h' Wkajykafiaf.a meje;au" jpk
iy phdj ;mdhsf.a is; ;=< fkd fi,afjk .eUqre Nla;shla we;s lr
h' f;reka jykafia ka Wmfoia wkqj" Ndjkdj i|yd ;u is; fhduq
lsug weh je hhla fkd .;a; o" id yshka w;s W;= ;a;
iqjhla |sk flfkl= hhs wef.a yoj;g oekqKs' jel,a fkdf.dia id
uyd f;reka jykafiaf.a fm!reIh ;=< we;s ishq n,hlska" wehj w;a
Ydjlg wk njla bsfhka fuka wehg jegyqKs'
wu;l fkdjk tla khl" fuu wdlIKh wehg wreu mqu f,i
ukdj wjfndaO h' NslaIQka jykafia,df.a meje;au i|yd ldka;djkaf.a
oka u .ek" id ysfhda tla kl m%Yxid uqLfhka w.h l<y' Tjqka
km;d ,ndfok msKavmd; odkh iy wfkla wjYH;d fidhd n,d
imsu NslaIQka jykafia,dg uy;ajQ mss<sirKla jkjd fiau" tu l=i,a
uy;a M, uydksixi jk njo mejiSh' ;j o" .sysf.ka ksla" jk.;j
iq j;a y|sk is,a ud;djkaf.a n%yauphd YS,fha wdksYxi" odkdksYxi yd
lsisfia;a iudk l< fkdyels nj oeka h'
19
20
fuu m%ldYh ;mdhs f.a yoj; ii, lr h' is,a ud;dfjda iEu
i;a;ajhl=g u mska fl;la n hhs wdpdh id f;reka jykafia
jerg;a mejiQy' fuu ksYa; m%ldYh;a iu u uy f;reka jykafia
f <dnd, .eyekq orejdf.a yoj; m;=f,a l=vd chla frdamKh lrk
,' th miq ld,hl " h kl" oejeka; fnda jDlaIhla jk chla
h'
21
Ndjkdf w.h .ek

lsis ielhla we;s lr fkd.kak'
tfiau Tf yelshdjka .ek o
wj;lafiare fkd lrkak' Tn h m%.;shla ,nkafka o"
thska iEySulg m;a jkak" ta ula ksido"
Tn fidhk i;Hh thska ms<sUq jk neks'
tksid" Ndjkdj n,dfmdfrd;a;= ;eh yels fohls'
; ld,hl wdYSjdoh
id f;reka jykafia ndka yqwdhs idhs .udkh wjg jir ;=kla"
jfrl le,E l=hl o" ;j;a jfrl fjk;a le,E l=hl o ieirka
jdih l<y' Wka jykafia Ld pd B ia;%slalh w; yer" W;=re m%foaYfha
pdld i|yd jk ld,h jk g" m%foaYfha wd.l uqyqKqjr fndfyda
fia hym;a w;g fmr<S ;snqKs' m%foaYjdiSka yg id yshka fld;r n,
mEula lf<a o lshf;d;a" f jk g fndfyda fokd u<jqka jkaokd w;
yer fn!oaO m%;sm;a;Ska je<| Bg .re lsug leue;a; oelajQy'
id yshka m%foaYfha O ia:dkhka lrd joa" ;mdhsf.a mshd o
Wkajykafia iu hka" yqol,d jQ Ndjkdjg iqiq ;eka fmkajd kafka
h' wjYH jQ g NslaIQka jykafia,dg fhda.H l=vd WK nnq l= ;u
hyjka iu. tl;= idod Ks' m%cdj ;=< fn!oaO mqkjkhla we;su
.ek Tyq o wka wh jdf.a u i;=gq jQfha h' id yshka m%foaYh w; yer
hEu .ek ;mdhsf.a mshd fYdal jQ kuq;a" mQ ;dhs .jdiSkaf.a is;ai;kays
nqoyu ;ka ld jeKq ne oek" iekiSug m;a h' mQcH id yshka
.u w; yer hEu;a iu u" tjlg ldf.a;a w;smQckSh f.!rj m%Kduhg
m;a fn!oaO wdpdhhka jykafia kula fuu fmfoig mefKa hhs Tyq
lsis gl fkd is;=f h'
22
w;smQcH wdpdh uqka N+o;a; ysmdfKda fYaIs; mqrdjD;a;hla f.dv

k.;s' Wkajykafiaf.a ; l;dj iy idlaId;a l< wdOHd;al hqKqj
uE; ld,fha ;dhs,ka; b;sydihg fkdfojeks jQ mQckSh ;;a;ajhla
,ndfokq we;' f jk g;a Wkajykafia f.a YajikSh lS;s kduh
lka lg me;s" Bidk . m%dka;hka mqrd me;s f.dia ;snqKs' .NSr jQ
ioaOuh iia;rj w: olajoa" tu foaYkd fudk ;r n,hlska yd
YajdikSh wkaoulska l<do lshf;d;a" Wkajykafia bfha wukqIHfhda
mjd fu,a, jQy' foaj" kd." .re~ iy wiqr wdka Wka jykafiaf.a fu;a
lreKd lsrKj,ska weo ne| wjk; lr .;S' Wka jykafiaf.a w,afmaP
rgdj ldf.a;a meiiqug Ndckh h' uE; b;sydifha Oq;dx.Od NslaIQka
yev .eiaf uq,a luGdkdpdhjrfhla jYfhka uqka uy f;reka
jykafia m%isoaO h' wdpdh uqka uy f;reka jykafiaf.a wkq.dl YsIH
NslaIQka iy Wmdil Wmdisldjka Wka jykafiaf.a Ou fiakdxlh h' ta
iefjdu oe khlska hq;=j mmQK rKrejka lru i|yd Wkajykafia
u. fmkajk ,' wdpdh uqka ys tla jrla uqK .eiqK fyd;a" Nd.H
imkak wkd.;hlg wdYSjdo ,efnkq we;ehs ksiqka w;r Yajdihla
f.dv ke.S ;snqKs' Oq;dx.Od kshu pdld NslaIqjla jYfhka uqka uy
f;reka jykafia fndfyda g jiaidk ld,fha tla ia:dkhl tla jrlg
jvd je jdr .Kkla fkd ishy' jeis iuh ksu jQ miq Wka jykafia
;u f.da, msi;a iu iq< yuk idjg" is;afia mdhk l=re,a,ka
fia b;d ieye,afjka Bidk . jkdka;rhkays ksoyfia yeiqrefKah'
by< wyfia mdfjka" mshdir lrk l=re,af,da i;=gq m .ila u; fyda"
fmdl=Kla < fyda uv j.=rla imfha fyda is;es m mshUd wjq;a
ji;s' t;ekska kej; mshUd hoa lsis nrla" neula" <;eula fkdue;s
j ish,a, w;yer b.s,S h;s' Oq;dx.Od NslaIQka ish,a, w;yer W;= ;
f.k hkafka o fuf,isks'
1917 jif" fudai iuh <xfjoa wdpdh uqka f;reka jykafia"
;j;a ieg kula iu W;=re foiska ysKq le,Eno l mduq, olajd
nei" ndka yqwdhs idhs .udkh fmfkk f;la udkhg meKshy' Tjqyq
.ia hg" .,a f,ka iy .=ydj, tfuka u iqidk N+j, ,e.= .;ay'
ndka yqwdhs idhs .udkhg <du i|yd wdpdh ys fjkqfjka le,Ej
wdYSjdoh ( ; ld,hl wdYSjdh
Y=oaO fldg iE w mdr Tiafia" Wkajykafia jk oYkh gq .jdiSyq

Y%oaOdfjka l=,au;a jQy' ndka yqwdhs idhs .jdiSyq ish,af,da u fuu Ou
.fYS NslaIQka jykafia,d uy;a jQ Y%oaOd Nla;sfhka ms<s.;ay'
wdpdh uqka ia:rhka jykafia iy Y%djl msi Tjqkg yuqjQ kj
mirh ;=< Oq;dx. im%odhhka wkqj" ir, hla f.jka Ndjkd
lghq;= wdrN l<y' fndfyda .jdiSyq i;r fmdfydh khkays" fuu
l mduq, b jQ wdrKHhg tla frdla jQy' ;mdhsf.a foudmsfhda o" tu
.jdiSkag wksjdhfhka tl;= jQy' f jk g wdpdh uqka ysf.a
f.!rjkSh lS;sh weh oek isfha ke;' wdpdh id ys .ek l;d
lroa" tu ku o lshefjkjd muKla weh wid ;snqKs' Wkajykafia,d
foku tlsfkldg Wo lr .kska" Wkka lr .kska Ndjkd mqyqKqfjys
ksr; jQ l<HdK ;=rka fofofkls' ;mdhs oek isfha tmuKls' jka
jr ;u foudmshka iu. .sh .ukaj, " wdpdh uqka ys iy wdpdh
id ys w;r ;snQ fjkial weh gqjd h' wdpdh uqka ysf.a f.j;a
l%shdYS,S m%n, p;h;a" wdpdh id ysf.a ;ekam;a Ydka; iajNdjh;a
wehg tla jr u jegysKs' uqka f;reka jykafia id ysg jvd Wiska wvq"
fli Yrhlska hqla; jQ kuq;a l;d lroa" fow;a is lrka w:h
meye,s lsug oE;a yiqrejka foorjk lg y~lska l;d l<y'
wdpdh uqka f;reka jykafia .ek uq, ;mdhs h jQjd h'
Wkajykafiaf.a ;shqKq ,dih wehg pls;hla f.k Ks' .ug msKavmd;h
i|yd je iEu wjia:djl u" Wka jykafiaf.a md;a;rhg weh wdydr
;ekam;a lroa" uqka ia:rfhda u|la kej;S wehg l;d fldg" wdrKHhg
wjq;a Wkajykafia yuqjk f,ig wjjdo l<y' wdpdhhka jykafia
bfha ,cdfjka yd h.=lka l=Kq weh" fYaIs; wd.l khkays
muKla" wef.a foudmshka yd .jdiSka tl;=j yeKq lKavdhula
iu. wdrKHhg .shd h' wdpdh uqka wehg fYaI ie,ls,a,la oela h'
fmdfydh khkays wef.a meKSu .ek i;=g m%ldY fldg" jpkhla
folla weh yd l;d lf<a h' wehg widudkH wdOHd;al l=i,;d we;s
nj;a" oe lemula we;s p;hla nj;a" ;u m%;sNd {dkfhka oek.;a
Wkajykafia" wehj Ndjkd lsug Wkka l<y' wdpdh id b.eka jQ
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24
uQ,sl l%u foh u Wka jykafia o wehg b.eka h' tk" ksYaYoj
Ndjkd jok" nqoafOda hkak fkd lvjd ksy~j lSuhs' wehf.a oekSf
tlu wruqK fuu nqoafOda hk jpkh nj ;ka u is;g wjfndaO jk;=re
.ska .g u mqyqKq l< hq;= ne mejiqfh' isysh fuu wruqfKys mj;ajd
.ekSu .ek wjOdrKh lf<a h'
nqoa - fOda nqoa - fOda hk ud;%d fkd lvjd lshka" fudfyd;ska
fudfyd; tys u isysh msysgqjd .kska isug h .; hq;= ne wjOdrKh
lf<a h' fufia mqk mqkd lshoaoS" tla tla wjia:df ke.Su neiSu .ek
iqmlaIdld j wjOdkfhka isug yels jk nj o mejiS h' fuh b;d
ir, l%uh lehs weh is;=jd h' ckaufhka u wehg ysj ;snQ ,cd Nh
ksid uq, f wjjdo ms<s.ekSug weh w u l<dh'
wdpdh uqka f;rKqfjda fkdfhla jr wehg Ndjkd lsug uykais
.kakd f,ig n, l<y' ;mdhs" weh ;=< iyc yelshdjla ;sug mqjkehs
iel lsug mgka .;a;d h' weh fufia is;=jd h'
uu .ul bmK idudkH fl,a,la' ta jqkdg ug Wmam;a;sfhka
h l=i,;djhka ;sfhkak mqjka' tfyu ke;sk" Wkajykafia ud .ek
fupr Wkkajla fmkajkafka wehs@ uu wo mgka" Wkajykafia ug
wkqlmdfjka kakq Wmfoia wkqj Ndjkd mqyqKqj mgka .kak ke
tla iekaoEjl" rd;%s lEfuka miq" wem; fidaod msis "
f,dikska u weh ;u ksok ldurhg .shd h' tk uq oji mqrdu"
wef.a yoj; ;=<ska wuq;=u iekis,sodhl wIaGdkhla u;= fj tk
njla wehg jegyqKs' wdpdh uqka ys ka Wmfoia m" nqoafOda
hkak fj; ;u is; imQKfhka u fhduq fldg" fkd kj;ajd lSug
wdrN lrk kh wo nj wehg is;=Ks' w;suy;a Nla;shlska o" fuh
wehg w;HjYH fohla fyhska o" lemfuka l<hq;= fohla hhs is;d"
Ndjkdfhda.S j ys|" nqoafOda hk moh fkd kj;ajd u iCOdhkd lsug
mgka .;a;d h' ks;a;= myf<djla muK wLKav j iqmlaIdld j
tfia ix.dhkd l< miq yisfha u" wef.a i[a[dKl uki yoj;
m;=,g je" .eUqre jQ ksi,;djhlg tla jqKs' f isu" yisfha <sx
m;=<lg je" wef.a lh;a is;;a ksYap, ;ekl ke;s jQjd fia wehg
oekqKs' fuu kj;u w;a oelSu fld;r wmQj oehs lshf;d;a wehg
l=ula jQjd oehs wehg u jgyd .ekSug fkdyels h' l f,djlg miq"
wef.a uki .eUqre iudfhka hka;ka wE;a " wef.a h.sh isrer"
weh bfha fydjd ;sfnk oYkhla wehg ia h' th m%shckl oiqkla
fkd h' wE wehf.a u< isrer ksjer j ykd .;a;S h' wef.a u
u<isrefrys ishq fldgia mjd fld;r meye,s j wehg fmkqfKa o
lshf;d;a" we;af;ka u ue we;s njla wehg jegyqKs' yisfha wef.a
ukig ;j;a is;s,a,la ke.S wjq;a" wef.a ikaiqkaNdjh foorjd"
wiykhg m;a lf<a h' tk"
oeka uu uereK ksid lo ux fjkqjg f.or lEu Whkafk@
lo fyg msKavmd; jk yduqrejrekaf.a md;a;rj,g wdydr fnokafk@
wo rd;%sfha Ndjkd lrka isoa uu uereK nj wdpdh uqka yshkag
lo lshkafka @
fuu wiykld is;s,s jydu uokh lrf.k" is; fu,a, lr
.kska weh fufia o l,amkd l<d h'
uu uereKd k uu ue,d f f,dafl yeu flfkla u uefrkak
kshuhs' ldgj;a urfKka .e,ula keye' m%;dmj;a rc flfkla jqj;a
uefrkak kE'
l f,djlska wef.a is; kej;;a uqKska je we;s wehf.a u<
isrer fj; Rcq j fhduq h' wef.a u<Ksfha oYkh lsis whqrlska
jK fyda fjkia fyda fkd ;snqKs' tfyhska weh i;H jYfhka u
ue we;s njla wehg jegyqKs' urKfha M, mdl .ek lsis ;SrKhlg
fkd nei l,amkd lrka isoa" .f jeishka l=vd lKavdhula wehg
ia h' Tjqka bfg u jdf.a yisfhka u;= h' lsis ye,fyd,aukla
ke;s" m%dKhla ke;s wef.a u< isrer" Tjqyq Tijd f.k wi, iqidk
N+h fj; f.k .shy' fidfydfka md me;a;l" y ueo" Tjqyq wehf.a
u< isrer ;ekam;a l<y' tg u jdf.a" wdpdh uqka iajdka jykafia
;j;a NslaIQka lSm kula iu wef.a u< isrer foig .dNSr fmkqfuka
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26
tkq weh gqjd h' wdpdh uqka ys u< isrer foi fudfyd;la n,disg"
NslaIQka foig ye f .eyekq <uhd ue,d' uu oeka wef.a wju=,a
pd;% bgqlrkak' hs mejiqf h'
NslaIQka jykafia,d ug fy<d .;a weia we;sj" Ydka;j is w;r
wdpdh uqka ysfhda fika wjika lghq;= i|yd ksh; .d:d iCOdhkd
l<y' wkspd j; ixLdrd '''''''''''''''''''''' lh ilia jqKq fohls' lh uereK
miq tu fldgi lsis m%fhdackhla fkdue;s ;;aFjhlg m;a f' tkuq;a
yoj; uefrkafka ke;' th fkd lvjd l%shd lrhs' th Oudkql+, j
hqKq lr.;fyd;a thska ,nk m%;s,dN wiS; h' kuq;a th ysxidld
f,i fhojqjfyd;a" th flfkl=g wk;=re muqKqjhs'
fuu isoaOdka;h wdpdh uqka iajdka jykafia b;d ikaiqka f,i
;=ka jrla kej; kej; m%ldY l<y' Rcq j isgf.k fkd fi,a is
Wkajykafiaf.a w; muKla fi,jqKs' Wkajykafiaf.a ierfhka u<
isrerg ;=ka jrla ;gq lf<a h' tfia ;gq l< yeu jdrhl u(
lh mj;skafka ke;' bmK fyhska th h hd hq;=h' flfia
fj;;a yoj; fkdue mj;S' th ljr gl j;a bmfokafka ke;' lh
h hoa" yoj; h fkd hhs' th yeu g u l%shd;aul f' fya;= M,
Ouhg wjYH lreKq yiqrejk whqka" N%uKh fj ;ekska ;ek jhs
hkqfjka mejiqfh'
;u ierhfha w.ska oauhlg wkqj u<isrerg ;gq lrka"
wdpdh uqka iajdka jykafia fuu i;Hh kej; kej; lshk njla
wef.a oiqkg fmkqKs' ierhfhka fika ;gq lrk iEu jdrhl u"
wef.a isrer l%ufhka l=Kq ug mgka .;af;a h' m<uqj if hmg
u;= wjq;a me,S .e," ifuka jeiS ;snQ uia ;gq fmfkkakg h'
fojkqj ;gq lroa" w;sYhska l=Kq jQ udxY fmaYSka iy wiaka h
je we;=<; fldgia yd weg lgq iafjkakg mgka .;s' fudaykhlg m;a
jQjd fia ;mdhs ;u isref weg lgq muKla b;sjk ;=re" uq isrer u
crdjg hk whqre n,d ishd h' wdpdh uqka ys" ;u w;" weg iels,a,
w;rg x.jd yojf;a uoh ;u w,a,g f.k fufia m%ldY lf<a h'
yoj; lsis odl kdY lsug fkd yel' th kdY jqKs k Tn

kej; isysh fkd ,nkq we;'
fuu imQK oYkh . yefrk ,dYh" f.!rjh uqiq hlska
iy pls;hlska ;mdhs kerUqjd h' fuh flfia jgyd .; hq;af;a oehs
wehg oekSula fkd ;snqKs' wdpdh uqka yshkaf.a l;dj ksu jQ miq
wehg fuh jgyd .; fkdyels m%fya,sldjla h"
weg lgq muKla b;s uq Yrh u l=Kq kdY hkafka k
kej; isysh ,nkafka l=ulska o@
;u wf;a f jk f;la r|jdf.k is" yojf;a uoh foi tl
t,af,a n,df.k u wdpdh uqka ys" wef.a ;lhg ms<s;=re Ks'
th iar j u wdmiq mefKa' isysh kej; f.k tk yojf;a uoh
;ju;a mj;soa" Tng kej; isysh fkd t<U iskafka flfiao@ fyg
Wfoa mdkaor Tn kej; isysh ,nkq we;'
wef.a u< isref oYkhg imQKfhka u we,S .e,S uq rd;%sh
u ;mdhs mhxlfhka jd Ndjkdf ksr; jQjd h' wef.a is; .eUqre
iudfhka bj;a jQfha wreK kef.oa h' weh .ek oekSula wehg
my< fjoa" wef|a ys|f.k isoa u" weh u;sfhka wef.a Yrh foi
nejd h' weh fkd ue isk nj oek iekiq iqiqula fyjd h'
m%lD;s f,i wj jQjdg miq" weh fkd uereKq nj oek.;a fyhska" wehg
;rul i;=gla we;s h' tkuq;a rd;%s ld,fha gq isysk .ek is;d n,oa"
wE kskaog hEu ms<sn|j;a Ndjkd fkd lr kskafoka isysk olska isu
.ek;a weh wehg u fodia mjrd .;a;d h' wdpdh uqka wE .ek l<lsug
m;ajkq we;ehs weh Yajdi l<d h'
wdpdh uqka iajdka jykafia tk Wfoa msKavmd;h i|yd wef.a
ksji o miq lrka jehy' Wkajykafiaf.a md;a;rhg weh tk wdydr
ms<s.kajoa wE foi l=;=y,fhka fuka n,d iskdiS" Wfoa lEfuka miq
Wkajykafia yuqug mefKk f,i oeka h' ta wkqj" wef.a mshd ;mdhs
o legqj iqmqre w mdr f.a uqka uy f;reka is ;djld,sl wdrduhg
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28
.sfha h' wehg l=ula ksid taug oekajQfha oehs Tyq oek fkd isfha h'
m%Yakh l=ula h yels o@ Ndjkd ld,fha kskao hEu ksid" ;mdhs
,cdfjka ksy~j mshd miqmi .uka l<d h' weh f,dl= yduqrejkag
fudkjd lshkako@ we;af;ka u Wka jykafia weh .ek wi;=gg m;a f
hhs wehg is;=Ks' jfrl" wehg iefjkakg is;=Ks' kuq;a iefjkafka
fld;ekl o" flfia o lshd jegySula wehg fkd ;snqKs' wdrKHfha l=
ixlSKh fj; we;= jQ .i u" weh fudkjdfoda ;u mshdg uquqKd
lshd" j;=r f.k tau i|yd we<g f.dia is ldka;djkag Wo u i|yd
j .shd h' ;ksju tk ;fidka gq wdpdh uqka mqu ;mdhs .ek
uiqf h' tg ;fidka l,n, " h we< wi, is ;mdhs fidhdf.k
;a ys bhg meuqKqf h'
Nfhka ;e;s .;a ;mdhs wdpdh uqka f;reka is ;ekg oK .d
f.dia ;=ka jrla je| jegqKd h' tg u" wehg yqiaula j;a .kakg
bv fkd wef.ka" fldfyduo Bfha rd;%s ld,fha Tf Ndjkdj @ hs
uiqf h'
lsis jevla keye iajdks" ks;a;= myf<djla ;r nqoafOda lshk
jpkh lsh lshd yshdg miafia ug f;areKd uf.a ys; .eUqre <s|lg
jegqKd jdf.a' Bg miafi ug kskao .shd' uq rd;%sfha u uu isysk nejd'
Wfoa mdkaor weyereKdg miafi" ug uf.a Ndjkdj tmd jqKd' ;du;a
uf.a ys; lvd je,d' uu W;aidy .kafka keye lsh,d" Tn jykafia
ug nkshs lsh,d" uu Nh jqKd' hkqfjka nhd y~lska ,cdfjka weU
weU ms<s;=re kakd h'
wehg ijka ka wdpdh uqka ys" y~k.d iskdiS" Tn fldfyduo
ksod .;af;@ lreKdlr,d ug lshkakfld' hs Rcq j u wef.ka b,a,d
isfha h'
weh isjQ ish,a, mejiQ miq Wka jykafia uy yka iskdiqKy'
wef.a l;dfjka w;sYfhka i;=gq jQ wdpdh uqka ysfhda fufia mejiQy'
ta kskaola fkdfjhs' Tn isysk oelal;a fkdfjhs' Tn w;a gqf
iudh lshd ykajk tla ;eklg meKs isf;a Ydka; ;;aFjh hs' fl
fyd|ska u;l ;shd .kak' Tn isyskhla hhs is;=f" tald.%;djhlg

meKs .eUqre iudfha laIKsl j mek k.sk oYkhla' f jdf.a w;a
oelS u;=jg;a we;sjqfKd;a l,n, fjkafk ke;=j" tajd we;sfjkak
bv ykak' tajd .ek Nh fjkakj;a lkiai,a,g m;a fjkakj;a wjYH
keye' Tng Nh fjkak fohla keye' kuq;a fyd| l,amkdfjka" Ndjkd
lrk wjia:df fudkjd isjqK;a" ta .ek fyd| isysfhka wjOdkfhka
bkak' uu fu;ek j;a j bkakd l,a Tng wk;=rla fjkafk keye'
yenehs oeka b|,d Ndjkd lrk fldg Tn olsk ish oYk .ek ia;r"
lreKdlr,d ug we;a lshkak'
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30
f.dfhl= Tyqf.a l=Uqr j.d lrkjd fiau

Tn Tf uki o j.d lrkak'
l%ul%ufhka fmdf<dj Y=oaO lrkak'
mi ilia lrkak' ,sh n|skak'
c jmqrkak' fmdfydr fhdokak'
f.dh me<j,g j;=r n|skak'
j,a me<E W.=,kak' wjidkfha" Tn rkajka wiajekakla fk<d .kakjd we;'
u,afn j,
fjfyi jevm< lrka ;mdhs ye je ;u kj fhdjqka ld,h
.; l<d h' weh iajNdjfhka u ffOh imkak Yla;su;a .eyekshls'
lsisjl=f.a n, mEula fyda Wkka lsula fyda fkdue;s j weh l<hq;=
jev fidhd n,d wdrN fldg ksu l<d h' tla jirl wiajekak fk<d"
wdrlaIs; j .nvd l< miq weh b;d Wkkafjka u,afn j.djla
wdrN l<d h'
mQ ;dhs .udkfha jeisfhda mgmKqjka jOkh lsf fYaI{fhda
jQy' Tjqyq mg mKqjkaf.a ms,d fldaIhkaf.ka ,nd.kakd wuq mg kQ,aj,ska
kQ,a ilid fr u i|yd m%fhdackhg .;s' u,afn fld<" mgmKqjdf.a
m%Odk wdydrh f' u,afn .fia f. bKq miq" tajdfha fld< lmd"
m<,a j iy fldgg iE l+vj, mgmKqjka rdYshla iu w;=rhs' u,afn
j.dj wdodh ,eh yels ud.hla ne o" th wu;r jfkdamdhla nj
o weh oek ishd h'
mgmKq j.dj .ek" weh ia;r oek.;af;a wehf.a l=vudf.ks'
wehg oeka wjYH jQfha wehf.a u iajdk jQ u,afn fld< jHdmD;shla
wdrN lsuhs' ;mdhs ;u mjqf,a l=Uqre iSudjg hdno jkfha" Yd, l
wdYSjdoh ( u,afn j,
.eghla wdikak fldgila fuu u,afn j.djg iqiq nj oel" b;d

Wkkafjka tu bvu t<s fmfy<s l<d h' b;du;a W;aidyhlska iy
lemulska" weh .ia fld<ka lmd Y=oaO fldg fmdf<dj j.djg iqiq
m ilia l<d h' tfia ilia l< N+fhys weh u,afn me, frdamKh
l<d h' bvu wjg ;snQ Yd, .ia" ;o wjqfjka me< wdrlaId lf<a h'
;mdhs" u,afn me< uq,a w,a,k ;=re j.dj /l n,d .;a;d h' u,afn
j.df .ia frE miq" mgmKqjka fnda lsug wE ie,iq l<d h'
je ojila hEug l,ska" wdpdh uqka f;reka jykafia" < tk
jia ld,fha jia iSu i|yd iqiq ;ekla fidhk nj" ;mdhs .jdiSka
f.ka oek .;a;d h' Wka jykafiag wjYH j ;snqfKa" m<,a jQ Wia N+hl"
>kj jevqKq .ia fld<ka fkdue;s" ysre t<sh jefgk fmfoils' >
jQ fudai iq<x iys; jeis ld,fha fmdf<df f;;ukh" je ld,hla
r|d mj;sk fyhska ysre t<sh jefgk fldgila iqiq nj" Wka jykafia
meye,s lr we;' th lK jegqKq ;mdhs yg laIKslj is;g ke=fKa"
wehf.a u,afn j.d N+h Bg iqiq bvula njhs' th" l=Uqre hdhg by<ska
msys l .eghlg hdnoj msys bvuls' jeys j;=r myiqfjka my<g .,d
hk bvuls' l=Uqre yryd yuk iq<" f;;ukh f,d iqjodhl isis,la
we;s lrjhs' u,afn j.dj i|yd t<sl< bvu" NslaIQka yg wjYH l=
iEug iqiq nj;a" yqol,dj iSug wjg Yd, .ia m%fhdack jkq we;s
nj;a wehg jegyqKs'
;u mshd iy ifydaorhka iu. f .ek idlPd l< ;mdhs" ;u
bvf iqiq kqiqiq Ndjh fidhd ne,Sug jk f,i wdpdh uqka iajdka
jykafiag wdrdOkd l<d h' bvu iy wjg mirh .ek Wka jykafia
i;=g m, lroa" weh m%S;sfhka u| isky md" fuu bvu Wka jykafiag
mQcd lrk nj;a" wehg wkqlmdfjka fuu bvu Ndr f.k tys jia
jik f,ig;a wdrdOkd lsug iQodk jQjd h' kuq;a weh ta nj lSug
lg weug m%:u" Wka jykafia u,afn j.df ta jk g /iaj is
.jdiSkag wefik fia" < tk jia iufha l=vd wdrKHhla b lsug
fuu bvu b;du iqiq nj Yo k.d mejiS h'
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weh rdka; j n,d ishd h' ish,a, wef.a isf;a yehg u is jQ

fyhska wehg l;d lsug mjd wu;l h' wdpdh uqka f;reka ;mdhs
foig ye iup,hg fuka iskdiqfKa h' wef.a yoj;g wkqj u,afn
f.duqj oekgu;a Wka jykafiag mQcd yudr h' fofokdu ta nj okS'
b;sj we;af;a idm%odhsl f,i Ndr uhs' weh jydu Wka jykafia
bfha oK .id" ;=ka jrla fomd je|" fuu bv lene,a, ;u mjqf,a wh
lrk mQcdjla f,i i,lk f,i ne.Em;a j b,a,d ishd h' uqka f;reka
jykafia ysi i,d leue;a; m%ldY fldg mska wkqfudaoka l<y' f msk
fya;= fldgf.k weh f wd;aufha mam;a fkdjk nj o wkqYdikdf
lshejqKs'
wdpdh uqka ysf.a kj wimqf ku j fkdx fkdx h' fuu
ku wi, l=vd ,l kulska Wmqgd .;af;ls' ;mdhsf.a mshd uQ,sl j" .
jeisfhda blaukska wdrKHh b lsf jev wdrN l<y' l=vd .ia lmka"
brka" WK nnq m<ka" kdhl ys we;= NslaIQka jykafia,dg l= b
l<y' j fkdx fkdx wdrKHfhys" wdpdh uqka ys iu. jia iSug
wjir ,enqfKa fodf<dia kulg muKs' ld pd B ia;%slalfha is ;snQ
tla tla .udk wdY%s; j" jia jeiSu i|yd NslaIQka l=vd lKavdhj,g
fnod msg;a lr yefha h' wdpdh uqka ys" ;u YsIHhka ys;d u;d u j
fkdx fkdx wdrKHhg je r;a fkdjk" <;a fkdjk ;ekaj,g msg;a
lr yeh o" Tjqkf.a Ou .eg i|d .ekSug Wka jykafia fj; taug
yels rlska Tjqka /| h' fndfyda fokd tl ;ek isu Ndjkd mqyqKqjg
kqiqiq fyhska fuu l%uh jvd;a Y=Nodhl h'
;Kfld< fi,s l< l= ;rula l=vd jqj;a m%Odk Yd,dj mkia
fokl=g yeg fokl=g tl jr jd isug yels jk fia b h'
i;r fmdfydh kj, fuu Yd,df m%d;sfudalaI YS,h foaYkd lrk
neka" th Y%jKh lsug fjk;a ia:dkj,ska o NslaIQka talrdYS jk ksid
;rula f,dl= Yd,djla wjYH h' tksid .jdiSka Yla;su;a ,S fldg
lmd brd ilia fldg nd,al" mrd, i|yd o" w y;rla Wiska bfjk
f.dvke.s,af,a w;a;sjdru i|yd o md l<y' fufia Tijd blsu
wjYH jQfha" uy jeis ksid tl;=jk c,fhka wdrlaId u i|yd h'
wdYSjdoh ( u,afn j,
jia iudoka jk m<uqjk kfha mej;s wd.l /iaug meKs

;mdhs" Yd,df fldkl jd ishd h' Wia wiqkl jd is wdpdh
uqka ys .jdiSka weu;S h' Yd,dj ms ;snqK fyhska" bka msg; o mere
t,d fndfyda fokd jd ishy' wdpdh uqka ys uq,ska u oka f
wdksYxi foaYkd l<y' ;mdhsf.a yoj; m%S;sfhka mskd .sfha h' fuu
bvu weh mQcd l< fyhska" wo jeks klg iyNd.s ug yels u" wE ,o
Nd.Hhla fia i,ld wE i;=gq jQjd h'
wd;au m;Hd.fhka fok odkfha w.h Wka jykafia Wia jQ" foork
y~lska jgyd kafka h' wka whf.a m%fhdackh i|yd" lsisjla wdmiq
n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkd fjka" fkdf,a fok odkh uy;a M, uydksixi
ne mejiS h' tu oka f fya;=fjka wdOHd;al iqjh" ;u yoj; ;=<
m<uqj cks; jk l=i,hhs' oka ug we;s hym;a f;kdj ffOhj;a
lrkqfha" yoj;hs' l=i,a kue;s c jmqrkafka yoj; nj;a" wiajekak
fk<d .kafka yoj; nj;a Wkajykafia meye,s l<y' odkh wkd.;h
i|yd lrk wdfhdackhla nj;a" iq.;.d W;am;a;shlg w;d,ula nj;a
je rg;a mejiSh'
bkamiq Wka jykafia w: oelajQfha YS,fha wdksYxihs' hym;a
ksfil= f Y%oaOdfjka mxpYS,h iudokafuka wdksYxi ,efnk
nj lSfh' tla tla is,a moh fYaIs; mdl f.k fohs' i;=kag ysxid
lsfuka je<lSfuka" ksfrda.s iqjh iy >dhq n,dfmdfrd;a;= h
yel' wka i;= fohla fidrl lsfuka je<lSfuka" wmf.a Okh iy
foafmd, wdrlaId f' lduh jrojd yeisfuka je<lSfuka" wUqiehka
wfkHdakH Yajdifhka j;a fjka" ,cd Nfhka f;dr ;Dma;su;a
hla f.ug yels f' fndre lSfuka je<lSfuka" wka wh wm flfrys
yeul,ays u Yajdih ;nkq we;' wmf.a wjxl;ajhg .re lrkq we;'
ryfur mdkfhka je<lSfuka" wmf.a nqoah wdrlaId lr .ekSug yels
f' m%fndaOj;a kqjKe;af;l= f,i iudch bfha isug yelsjkq we;'
kqjKe;a;ka myiqfjka uq<d lsug fyda fkdu. heug fkdyel' YS,fha
mmQK nj rlsk we;af;da" wka wh o Wkka lrj;s' YS,h wfkHdakH
Yajdih f.dvk.k nj;a" ieye,a fmj;l i;=g |sh yels nj;a
33
34
ish i;a;ajhkag iy;sl f' YS,h wdrlaId lsf iy wkqn, f

n,h" by< ;,hkays Wm; ,eug fya;= jk fyhska Wiia YS,hka rlsk
wh urKska u;= jHf,dalhkays Wmk nj iar h'
YS,fha M, mdl f;are lrfok w;r u" Ndjkdj uy;a M,
uydksYxi f.kfok nj o wdpdh uqka jerg;a jgyd Ks' uq
Yajfha u we;s jkdu jia;=j yoj;hs' tfiau flfkl=f.a fN!;sl yd
wdOHd;al Y=Nisoah r|d mj;skafka yoj; ukdj ilia lr.;fyd;a
muKs' flfkl= j;a jkafka yoj; ksid nj Wka jykafia mejiS h'
;hl iEySulg m;a u iy fkdu hk wjia:d folu w;aolskqfha
yoj; ;=<sks' flfkl= uefroa Tyq fjka jkafka yoj; ksid h' flfkl=
kej; bmfok g" tfia Wmkafka yoj; m%Odk fya;=j fldg.;a lu
Yla;sh ksid h' yeu fohlg fya;=j yoj; neka tu yoj; ksjerj
mqyqKq l< hq;= f' Tyqf.a j;udk yeisu iy wkd.; yeisu
Y=Nodhl tfiau m%;sM,odhl jkqfha" yoj; ksishdldr j mqyqKq l<fyd;a
muKs' yoj; ksishdldr j mqyqKq l< yelafla Ndjkdj ;=<sks' wixjr
is;s,s md,kh lsu i|yd Ndjkdj Wmfhda.S lr .kska" wdOHd;al
ikaisulg" ksi, Ndjhlg w;d,ula oeh yel'
B< udi ;=k ;=< u" ;mdhs Ndjkdj i|yd oe wIaGdkhlska
hq;=j l%shd l<d h' wdpdh uqka f;reka jykafia flfrys we;s oe
Nla;sh;a" Ndjkd je hqKq lr .ekSu i|yd Wkajykafiaf.ka ,enqKq
m%{djka; wkqYdikd;a fya;= fldg wef.a mqyqKqj blauKska hqKq h'
W;am;a;sfhka u O oYk oelSug;a udkisl ixisoaka w;aug;a
keUqre is ;mdhs" iEu rd;%shl u iud Ndjkdf " wmQj woaN+;
isoaka w;a gqjd h'
W;am;a;sfhka weh Wreu lr .;a l=i,;d ykd f.k is" wdpdh
uqka ys" wE .ek fYaI wjOdkhla fhduq lf<a h' iEu rd;%shl u"
Ndjkdf fh iska" Wka jykafiaf.a [a[dK Odrdj" wE fj; fhduq
fldg tjlg wef.a ukfia ;;aFjh uid n,kafkah' tksid" wef.a
Ndjkduh w;aoelS Wkajykafia ks;ru oek isfial' wE Ndjkdf
wdYSjdoh ( u,afn j,
ksr;j ish " wE uqyqK fok fYaIs; wjia:djla jqjfyd;a" miq k

Wkajykafia yuqug wdrKHhg mefKk f,i wehg mKsv he h'
wdpdh uqka f;rKqfjda iy i msi" iEu kl u ysre ke.
l f,djlg miq msKavmd;h i|yd .ug j;s' ta yeu kl u
Wkajykafiaf.a md;a;rhg wdydr fnoSf wjia:dj wE yslr .;a;S h'
oka fnu i|yd . jdiSyq Tjqfkdjqkaf.a ms<sfh, lr .;a wdydr /f.k"
fmda,sug isg .;af;da h' ;mdhs o ta w;r isg f.k" wdpdh uqka yss odkh
ms<s.kska ;ud <g tk ;=re fkdbjis,su;a j ishd h' msKavmd;h
i|yd joa" Wka jykafia flfkl= yd l;d lf<a l,d;=rlsks' kuq;a
;mdhsf.a Ndjkdf m%.;shla fmr k rd;%sfha oel" weh oka ms<s.kajoa"
wdrduhg wjq;a" odkh je<jdg miq Wkajykafia yuqjk f,i wehg
oekajQfha h' tk" Woh f.fjoa wehf.a mjqf,a wh iu. weh wdrduhg
.shd h' wdpdh uqka yg wef.a wiajdNdl w;aoelS lshoa" wdrdufha
wfkla NslaIQyq wehg weyqlka ug frdla jQy' wrEm f,dal .ek wehf.a
l;d iy tajd .ek wdpdhhka jykafia fok Wmfoia weiSug Tjqyq
Wkkajla oelajQy'
wdpdh uqka ys jykafia wehg wkqlmdfjka" wef.a ia;rd;aul
l;d wid isfha h' wef.a ukig Wmam;a;sfhka u O ixisoaka yd
Rcq j" ksNS; j tfuka u f.fhka inkaO ug yelshdjla ;snQ ne
wdpdh uqka ia:rhka oek isfha h' tu yelshdjka idudkH wfhl=g
jgyd .ekSug wmyiq h' fujka lreKq .ek" wdpdh uqka ia:rhka
jykafiaf.a w;s uy;a jQ oekq iNdrh iy w;aoelS" ;mdhsyg wjYH
wjjdo ug m%fhdackj;a h' je l,a fkd f.dia .=rejrhd iy YsIHdj
w;r oe wdOHd;aul neula jOkh h' ;mdhs" wdpdh uqka f;reka
jykafia flfrys oelajQfha uy;a jQ Nla;shls' Wka jykafiaf.a ld,h iy
weh flfrys oela jQ wjOdkh" ta whqka ,nd .ekSug weh jdikdjka;
jQjd hhs wehg jegyqKs'
jiaidk ld,h ksu fj;a u" tla kl wdpdh uqka ysf.ka"
wdrKHhg tk f,ig wehg mKsvhla ,enqKs' ta wkqj weh Wkajykafia
yuqug meKs g" Oq;dx.Od NslaIQka tla ;ekl fkdisg pdldf
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36
fhfok nj;a" ;j l klska Wkajykafia,d o" tfia fjk;a m%foaYhlg

jk nj;a oekah' wdpdh uqka ys" ;mdhs yg tfia okajd" ;u weia
ne jgl=re jkfia Tijd" u| iskyjla mdka" wehg fmjf;la is
oehs uiqf h' ;mdhs ysi jkd ,cdfjka tfia ke;s nj yefjd h'
Wkajykafia o ysi i,d th ms<sf.k" wehg .sysf.ka ksla iq j;a y|sk
is,a ud;djla f,i iiqka.; " Wka jykafia,d iu" weh leu;s k
pdldf fhh yels ne" fhdackd lf<a h' kuq;a ;u mshdf.a leue;a;
m<uqfjka .; hq;= ne o wehg oeka h'
f;reka jykafia l< fhdackdfjka ord.; fkdyels jQ i;=glska
weh f.d jQjd h' wE Wka jykafia foi u;sfhka n,d ishd h' Wka
jykafia o" ksy~j wE foi n,d iska ms<s;=rla n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQjd h'
.eUqre iqiqula fy<Sug fjr orka" ms<s;=re ug Bg iqiq jpk fidhka"
f.d; .ika" wE iiqka.; Wka jykafia iu. Oq;dx. pdldf hEug
leu;s kuq;a mshd Bg lsisfia;a bv fkd fok nj mejiqjd h' wehg
n,dfmdfrd;a;= we;slrjk iskyjlska ysi ie uqka ys weh ksjig
msg;a lr yefha h'
;mdhs f.a mshd tu fhdackdj .ek lsis Wkkajla fkd oelajQfha
h' Tyq wehg iiqka.; ug wjir fkd kafka h' h fyhlska Tyqf.a
hKsh iq is,a we yer oud" kej; .sys ;hg meKsh fyd;a wehg
iajdfhla fiu wudre ldhhla jk neka" Tyq thg h h' idudkH
.sys ;fha isg wd.l j;dj;ays ksr; fjka" tu i;=fgka iEySulg
m;a jkakehs Tyq wef.ka b,a,d isfha h'
mshdf.a ms<s;=r ;ud l,ska okakd nj wjk iskyjlska wdpdh
uqka ys" wehg bjiSfuka isk f,i;a" wehf.a ksh; fj,dj mefKk
nj;a lshd" wehj Wkka lf<a h' ta w;r u Wkajykafia" .fuka msgj hoa
ka wjjdo weh ms<smeh hq;= njo oekajQfha h' ;ud pdldf msg;aj .sh
miq" Ndjkd mqyqKqj imQKfhka kj;d oeh hq;= hhs wdpdh uqka ys
wehg oe f,i wjjdo lf<a h' oekg idudkH ck ;fha lghq;=j,
ksr; jkakehs jerg;a lS h' iqiq f,dj meKs miq wehg kej;
Ndjkd mqyqKqjg wjia:dj t<fUkq we;ehs myod kafka h' wkd.;fha
wdYSjdoh ( u,afn j,
Bg iqiql we;s fjk;a luGdkdpdhhka jykafia kula jk nj;a"

Wka jykafia wehj ksjer ud.hg fhduq lrjk nj;a mejiS h' tf;la
bjid isk f,i wjidk jYfhka lS h'
;mdhsf.a uki iajNdjfhka u w;sOdjk l%shdYS,S tlla ne
wdpdh uqka ys oek isfha h' wehg wdrlaId iys; j is; md,kh
lr .kska ;ksj u Ndjkd mqyqKqj lrf.k hEu W.yg h' w;r u.
h wjdikdjka; ;;ajhlg weh uqyqK kfyd;a" wehg wjia:dkql+, j
wjjdo ug Wka jykafia wE imfha fkdue;s u" wehg krlla h
yels fyhsks' weh ys;=ukdfma Ndjkd lghq;= lrf.k .shfyd;a wehj
md,kh lsug olaI lugyka wdpdhjrfhla wjYH jkq we;' tfia ke;s
jqjfyd;a wehg jkafka Yd, ydkshls' fuu lreKq ksid Wka jykafia
msgj .sh miq Ndjkd fkdlrk yehg wehg wjjdo kafka h'
fuu oe ;ykug fya;=j ;mdhs fkd oek ish o" wdpdh uqka ys
flfrys uy;a f.!rjhla oelajQjd h' tksid weh wef.a Ndjkd mqyqKqj
jyd u kj;d oeh' Ndjkdj .gu lrf.k hEug wehg ;on, wdYdjla
;snqK o" th kj;d oefuka ;u mmqj me<Shd oehs ielhla o wE ;=<
we;s h'
weh Ndjkd mqyqKqj kej; wdrN lrkqfha jir iailg miqj h'
37
38
Tf lh
Tf is; Tf ;h - f oE
Tng whs;s ke;'
tksid i;H jQ m%S;shla iqjhla
i|yd f oE .ek
Yajdihla fkd ;nkak'
fl<jrla ke;s jevm<

wdpdh uqka ys tu m%foaYfhka kslau .sh miq ;mdhsf.a ;h
miqnEulg m;a ksy~ yqol,djlg fmr<sKs' yd;ami me;sr ;snQ wef.a
i;=g yd m%fndaOh" Ndjkdj kej;+ miq uqukska u w;=reoyka h'
W;am;a;sfhka u ,cdYS,s p;hla ys ;mdhs" iudc lghq;=j, kshe<Sug
fm<UqfKa ke;' ta fjkqjg wef.a imQK ld,h f.a fodr jevm<
i|yd fhfojd h'
wef.a oE;a ks;ru ldh nyq, h' wef.a Yrh ks;ru l%shdYS,S
h' wE lmq j.d l<d h' iq mdka lmq msreKq f." /f.k ;a" tajd
mSrka lka" >k kQ,a idod rj, t;=jd h' miqj weh tajdhska fr
u wdrN l<d h' wE wjh me< ^bkaf.df*dard& isgqjd tajd lmd ;,d
ld ;o ks,a mdg hqI tl;= fldg" hd ksu l< frj,g jK fmjd
h' fr hk hka;%h < meh .Kkla mg kQ,a fl|s fjka lrka" fr
f ksr; fjka jd ishd h' miqj tu fr b;d iQlaIu j lmd
idh yeg uid oYkSh mdg fhdod yev jev l<d h' mg mKqjka fnda
lsu u,a fn j.dj weh .ska .g u lrf.k .shd h' .udkfha
fjfyilr nr jev lsf we|sh yels" we u i|yd weh wuq mg
kQ,a ilia l<d h'
wdYSjdoh ( fl<jrla ke;s jevm<
ng m;=re yd fl|sj,ska u iEug wE ;=< ;snQ lD;yia;Ndjh o

weh iudchg fy<s l<d h' WK nnq m;=re yd ng fl|sj,ska l,a mj;sk
O ud,sfha .uka u fkdfhla yev jev oud ilia l<d h' tfuka u
isks mqka Tnjd wE fldg fug wdh uid ksu l<d h' g wu;rj
YS; ld,hg we|sh yels f,dka l< we o wE ueiqjd h' l,la we|" b
jK jQ merKs we kej; iQlaIu j w;ajehd fldg ilia l<d
h' le,Ej, jefjk wk> m,d j. wE gq muKska ke;fyd;a iqj|ska
ykd .;a;d h' wE jkdka;rfha oji mqrd weo lEug iqiq m,d j.
tfuka u T!IO j. f;dard fidhd .;a;dh' ijia jk g wE /f.k .sh
l+vh mqrjd f.or f.kdjd h' tfia f.kd le,E m,d j. isyska f,i
,shd w, j. iu ud fyda uia fyda lE,s uqiq j" Odldrfhka Whd
imQK lEu f,la ilia lsug weh olaI jQjd h'
;mdhsf.a nyqO olaI;d .ek wdrx me;sfr;a u" mQ ;dhs .udkh
foi fndfyda fofkl=f.a wjOdkh fhduq h' ;reKshla i;= idm%odhsl
olaI;d fndfyda fokdf.a m%Yxidjg ,la h' Tjqyq l=i,;d mmQK
ukd,shka f,i wjg f,dalhd ie,l+y' Bg wu;r j weh iqfYaI
,laIKhkaf.ka iuka; jQjd h' Yr Yla;sh" YajdikSh nj" idm%odhsl
pd;% jd;%hka .re fldg iq/lSu" iy jeyshkag we;s .re;ajh ta
fYaIs; p; ,laIKhkaf.ka iuyfrls'
fuu wdrx me;sfr;a u je l,a hkakg u;af;ka jdy
wfmalaIlhka tkakg mgka .;af;a h' thska tla ;reKfhla wE .ek
fYaI ie,ls,a,la oelajQfha h' Tyq hdno .ul wehg jvd wjqreoaolska
jhiska wvq nqkaud kue;af;ls' Tyq ;mdhsf.a foudmshka f .ek Wkka
lrug fkdfhla whqka ;e;a lf<a h' f jk g;a wdpdh uqka ysf.a
.=reyrel .ek ;ka u meye is weh" fm%au inkaO;d .ek fyda
jdyh .ek fyda lsis Wkkajla fkd oela h' kuq;a wehf.a foudmshka
nqkaudf.a fhdackdjg leue;a; ka miq" thg frdaOh mEug wE iQodk
fkd h' ta jk g Bg reoaO ug o lsis bv lvla fkd h' Woa.;
we;s lreKq foi n,oa f,!lsl ;fha fuu me;slv ms<sn|" foudmshka
fjkqfjka ie,ls,a,la oelah hq;= hhs ;mdhsg ye=Ks'
39
40
jeys ld,h wdrN fjoa" oy y;a ye ;mdhs" mQ ;dhs jdy

pd;%dkql+, j nqkaud iu jdy h' pd;%dkql+, j weh wef.a iajd
mqreIhdf.a {d;Ska iu. mxhg .shd h' tu ksji" ;u foudmshkf.a
ksjfia isg je rla fkd h' weh mxhg .sh tu {d;s ksji oejj,ska
iE ;Kfld< j,ska uqka jy, jeiQ Yd, ksjils' f ksjfia o
weh mjqf,a nd,hd jQ fyhska" ksfjfia tfkod jevm<j, je nr wehg
Wiq,kakg ish'
;mdhsf.a ldhY+r oe iajNdjh ljo;a fkdfjkia j mej;=k
fyhska" nr jev u. yeug wef.a is; bv fkd Ks' kuq;a nqkaud wksla
wh jev lroa kslrefKa l;d lr lr ieye,afjka fkdaofhka l,a
.; lsug m%sh l< flfkls' l=Uqf me< isgqug" wiajekak fk<Sug
l=,shg .ekSu Tyqf.a is; h' ;u | tla ,shoaol fjfyfika jev
lroa" wksla ,shoafoa jev lrk fl,a,ka iu. fkdao fjka" wd,
nia fodvka" oji .; lf<a h' iuyr gl Tjqka iu. ;mdhs .ek
ryfia md m o l;d lf<a h' weh f ieu bjid ord ishd h' ;mdhs
BIdfjka tlg tl lrkq we;ehs Tyq n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkakg we;' kuq;a
Tyqf.a wpdru;a yeisu .ek lsis fjkila olajkafka ke;sj" ksy~j
;u jefvys fhKd h'
jdyfhka miq mxhg meKs w;a ksjfia oyil=;a tlla jevj,
ksula ke;s h' ;reK |la yehg wdydr b ysgq wd fl<jrla
ke;s jev wef.a lrmsg mejrefKa h' bre ke.Sug fmr bmkao t<sfhka
ojfia jevm< wE wdrN lrkakS h' w=re wiqrd we;s ;ekska w=re
f.k or iu. ,sm .sks fud,jd iq<x .ika ;o .skaor wjqjd .kakS
h' Ndckhl j;=r WKq lr bka u;=fjk yqud,h fla;=jl yevhg ;ekQ
f.dgqjl nyd iy,a w;rg hjd ojfia n; ;nd .kakS h' uq ojig u
wjYH wdydr WoEik tljr wE msi .;a;d h' wehg;a wef.a iajdhdg;a
;=ka f,g u m%udKj;a wdydr msi .kakd w;r ;j;a wuq;af;l=g fyda
fofofkl=g o wjYH wdydr iQodk lr ;enqjd h'
ksji msgqmi i;aj f.dfmd<la o h' i;=kag wjYH lEu j;=r

ilia lr u o weh bgq l< ;j;a ldhhls' ksjig c,h imhd .ekSuo
Ialr lreKla h' .jdiSka ;u ksfjiaj,g c,h imhd .;af;a ;ekska
;ek b l< fmd <sxj,ska h' ish . jeisfhda" tu <sxj,ska j;=r weo
Ndck mqrjd lol ne| ;u ksfjia lrd lfrka f.k h;s' lSm jdrhla
fufia j;=r f.k f.dia" ;u ksfjiaj, ;kd .;a Yd, ue Ndckj,
wiqrd .kS' fuu c,h" ug" msiSug" fiaug" kEug wd ksjfia iEu
wjYH;djhlg u m%fhdackhg .ks;s'
.f ck ;h f.d;ek yd noaO jQjls' tfiau wiajekak jeiai
u; r|d mj;S' jeiai jif ld,.=Ksl mhdihka u; r|d mj;S' jeiai
Y=N ks;a;la f,i ie,l+y' jeiai ks;s fldg O Yajdihka u;
W;aij o mj;aj;s' flfia jqj;a" jeiai ck ;fha fndfyda lghq;=j,
wdrNhhs' ckhdf.a Y%u Yla;sh Wr.d n,kafka jreidf wdrNh;a
iu.sks' m<uqjk uy jeiafika fmdf<dj f;uqKq miq tk uehs udih
uq, f.dfhda iS iEu wdrN lr;s' oejeka; yrla fcdavqjla h
.ilska inkaO fldg ,Sfhka ;ekQ k.=,lska by<g my<g lSm jdrhla
f.k f.dia fmdf<dj ilia lr;s' fmdf<dj uv lsu i|yd o Wka fufia
olalka ,sh ilia lr .ks;s' g fmr l=vd h mdrj,a m%fhdackhg
.kska ;ukag wjYH f.dh me< ;jka lr .ks;s' me< isgjk ld,h
meKs g" yeu l,lg u r olajk k;khlg iQodk jkakd fia
ldka;dfjda rgdjlg fma<s iE me< isgqj;s' f f.,sfhda my;g ke"
miafika miaig hka f.dh me< isgqj;s'
jeis iuh ;=< wjg .udk mirh wuq;=u ishdjla f.k Ks'
wE;g ys hk fldgq fldgq ,sh jeysnr wyi uq m%foaYh u f;;ukfhka
hq;= iqkaor mirhlg mj;kh lrhs' fmak f;la udkfha l je
w;sYd, WK mrej,ska .yK h' fkd lvjd yef,k ys fmdo jeiai
fmdf<df iajNdjh ojiska oji fjkia lrhs' j;=frka msreKq ,sh
mqrd fma<shg isgjQ f.dh me< wuq;=u iqkaor;ajhla mirhg tla lrhs'
Woh ld,h Ydka; h' ;rul WKqiqula o tla lf<a h' ijia ld,h mgka
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42
.ksoa f.nkaf.a y~ o fmdl=Kq woaor fldl=ka f.a y~ o uq mirh

mqrd weiqKs'
tla tla jeis ld,h werfUoa ;mdhsf.a is;g ixldjla we;s h'
wf.daia;= udifha ks; . iq<x ;=kS jeiai flka l wvqfjoa wef.a
yoj;g wuq;=u lkiai,a,la we;s f' iemaa;en udifha .xj;=r .e,Su
;j;a ys;a wudrejls' .udk yryd ksj;k iq<s iq< yud ;o jeis
fya;=fjka ;ekska ;ek c,fhka hg u ;j;a lkiai,a,ls' mdrj,a uv
iEfok j< f.dve,s yrla iy lr;a; hEfuka ;j;a wn,ka f' fjd
ksid ksiqkaf.a iy ;sikqkaf.a ord .ekSf yelshdj ySk f' fjd
oelSu o ;mdhsg ysirohls' jfrl OdrdKsmd; jeis jiS' jfrl fmdo
jeis jiS' f w;f f.dh me< oYkSh f,i Wiska je fld<mdg
;Kks,a,la fia ia f'
Tlaf;dan ui ueo Nd.fha f.dh mS" rkajka lr,aj,ska ke uq
hdh u is;a ikik oYkSh mirhla ujhs' wiajekak fk<k ld,fha
;mdhs o ;u mjqf,a idudlhkag tla jQjd h' ish,af,da iu;,d oEle;s
/f.k f.dh lmd iu;,d fldgil f.dh f.dv .i;s' w
rYah bjika fuu f.dfhda k .Kkla wiajekak fk<;s' Tlaf;dan
ui w. Nd.fha md.d f,d ilia lr .ekSug ie,iq lr;s'
;mdhs jdyfhka inkaO jQ w;a mjqf,a jfkdamdh i|yd weh
o fldgia ldhla h' l=Uqre jev iy f.or fodf jevm< weh lsis
mels,Sulska f;drj bgq l<d h' tfuka u l=Uqf j,a fk<Su" we< f,s
ilia lsu wdh bgq lsug weh uy;a jQ fjfyila oerejd h' wiajekak
fk<d .;a miq ne; wdrlaId lsu i|yd weh ;u iajdhd iu. luf;a
ks je h' ne; md.d iq<x lsu ldka;djkag wh;a jQ fYaIs; ldhhls'
tu ldhhg o ;mdhs wfkla ldka;djkag tla jQjd h' tu khkays weh
wka ia;%Ska yd t<suyfka YS;, bjika luf;a ksod.;a;d h'
f.,sfhda oE;ska f.k ysig Wka Tijd f.fhka my<g
ke fmdf<df .id weg fjkalr .ks;s' fufia meh .Kkla ke
ke ldka;dfjda fuu Ialr ldhfha ksr; fj;s' bka miq fuu WK

nnq mj,ska ;ekQ Yd, nkaj, nyd yq<x lr;s' fo;=ka fofkla tla
fuu nkaj, we;s f.fhka wyig islr kej; nk my<ska w,a,d"
fmd<d .ks;s' fmd;= iq<g is msis weg nfka b;s f' fuh
o fndfyda f,djla l< hq;= fjfyilr ldhhls' fufia fmd<d f,d
.kakd yrla lr;a;hl mgjd ksfjia lrd f.k h;s' tu ;u
mjq,g wh;a l=vd OdkHd.drj, wiqr;s'
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44
uf.a brka ksrka;rfhka fndan jreidjlg ,la fjkjd wei rEmhkaf.ka"

lk Yoj,ska" kdih .|iqj|ska"
j rihka f.ka" Yrh iamYhkaf.ka"
f yeu fohla .ek u uu mlaId lrkjd'
tfia lrk g udf.a iEu bkashhla u
ug .=rejrfhla fjkjd'
mqx ldhs
;mdhs f l,n,ld f,dalhg wlue;s jQ kuq;a weh ish,a, bjid
ord ishd h' wef.a tlu iekis,a, jQfha wdrKHfha wd.l lghq;=
yd Ndjkd mqyqKqjhs' fuu wiykhg wu;rj iajdhd wef.a ksoyi
iSud lsu ;j;a nrla h' .eyeksh ish hq;= iSudj wef.a mjq, iy
ksji nj;a wjg f,dalh fkdjk nj;a Tyqf.a woyi h' wdOHd;al
f,dalh .eyekshlg lsisfia;a wh;a fkdjk nj Tyqf.a ms<s.ekSu h'
Wia my;a fNaoh" .eyekq ms fjki wd merKs u;s u;dka;r ksid mQ
;dhs .udkfha ixialD;sh o fnod fjka flreKs' ;mdhs o ue isfha
tu f,dalhg h' fuu wdl,amhkag reoaO fkd h hq;= nj;a" tajd weh
o bhg f.k hd hq;= nj;a wef.a is;g l=vd l, isg u ld joaod ;snqKs'
wef.a fm!oa.,sl ksoyig ;mdhsf.a iajdhdf.ka bv lv ,enqfKa b;d
iaj,amhls' tfia ;SrK .ekSu Tyqf.a jrm%idohhs' fuh" tlsfkld ykd
fkd .kska flfrk fhda; jdyhl tla m%;sM,hls'
weh i;r fmdahg u wdrKHhg hEu Tyq ;yk lf<a h' Wfoa
msKavmd;h i|yd jk NslaIQka jykafia,dg odkh ms<s.ekaug;a" rd;%s
ld,fha ksji ;=< ms;a lSug;a muKla Tyq wehg wjir Ks' weh Tyqf.a
wdYSjdoh ( mqx ldhs
;SrKj,g lSlre jQjd h' wehg l< yels fjk;a fohla fkd ;snqKs'
ksjfia iy f.dfmdf<a jevm< ;mdhsf.a wdOHd;al wfmalaId fjkia
lf<a h' wef.a oji > jQ fjfyild tlla h' kuq;a tu mSvdld
;;aFjh uOHfha weh" wef.a is; ;ekam;a lr .ekSug fjfyi oerejd h'
wjq,a iys; mg<e,s iys; ;h ueo ;u is; tl lr .ekSug weh
;ksj u mqre mqyqKq jQjdh' fldamh iy wm%idoh okjk is;s,s ;u is;
;=<ska ke. toa" oe wdhdihlska tajd md,kh lr weh ;u is; fu,a,
lr .;a;d h' wef.a iajd mqreIhd .ek isf;ys wukdmhla ke. toa"
tu yeS weh ffu;%shg lreKdjg fmr<d .;a;d h' wkqka .ek BIHd
is;s,s biau;= fjoa weh .sysf.h yerod .sh is,a ud;djla fia is;kakg
mqre jQjd h' tfuka u" ljod uq;a khl ;ud .sysf.h w;er od" iq j;
w|sk is,a ud;djla jk njg wdpdh uqka yshka lS wkdjelsh" wE ks;r
isys l<d h' .eUqre wdOHd;al mqyqKqjl w.h weh wef.a iyc kqjKska
oek ishd h' tfia jqj;a" oekg" tfkod ;h f.fjk whqre .ek o
weh iEySulg m;a j ish hq;= nj o weh jgyd .;a;d h'
f.or fodf jevm< lsf hq;=lu weh uekka bgq l<d h'
tajdhska weh ;Dma;shla fkd ,o nj wef.a h is; oek ishd h' weh
f.k hk ;h" weh fldgq isk iSudjka" weh ksjerj ykd
.;a;d h' tu iSud b;d l=vd tajd h' wef.a jdyh tu iSudjka ;j;a
l=vd lf<a h' weh gq ish,a," weiQ ish,a, iy weh |s ish,a, wehf.a
is;g lsis iekis,a,la f.k ka tajd fkd h' weh jhi wjqre oy
yf;a isg is y; olajd taldld jQ w;Dma;slr wiykld ;hla
f.jd h' jifrka jir weh f.jQ ;h" l<lsu iy fokdjkaf.ka
hqla; h' lsis wka fjkila wehg w;a oelSug fkd ,enqKs' wE wjg
isjQ ish,a, isjk ish,a, foi b;d bjiSfuka n,d ishd h' bv ,o
iq f,djkays " weh yqol,dj Ndjkdjg fhduq " ta iq fudfyd; jqjo
mQckSh fudfyd;la l<d h'
ixlSK jk rgdjlska f;dr jQ" pd iq weulska ieriqKq is,a
ud;djla u i|yd f f,dalh w; yer oeug weh fkdfhla jr is;=jd
h' wef.a wIaGdkh l,ska l< f.j;a " fjk lsisjla wjYH fkdjk
45
46
;ekg wef.a yeS W;aikak h' wjidkfha tla iekaoEjl" lEfuka

miq weh ;u iajdhd bfha oK .id f.k lreKq myod ug fjr
oerejd h' f.or jevm<j,ska " .sysf.h w; yer iiqka .; ug weh
;=< we;s wdYdj" Tyqg f;are lr ug weh uykais .;a;d h' wehf.a
iajdmqreIhd tu b,a,Su .ek lsis ;elSula fkd fldg m%;slafIam lf<a
h' ta inkaO j lsis l;dnylg ;ud wlue;s nj o fyf;u mejiS h'
lSlre |la fia ug fy<d .;a oEiska hq;=j" ksy~ j Tyqf.a ;SrKh
ms<sf.k kej; iqmqre taldld ;h f.k .shd h'
;mdhsf.a wiykld ;h ojiska oji lsis fjkila fkd
f. .sfha h' wef.a wruqK .ek n,dfmdfrd;a;= iys; j bjiSfuka
weh ld,hg bv n,d ishd h' i;s lSmhla .; jQ miq" ;u iajdhd
fyd| uqyqKqjrlska isk khl kej; jrla wef.a ksoyi b,a,d wE Tyq
bfha ne.Em;a jQjd h' tjr o Tyq wef.a wdhdpkh m%;slafIam lf<a
h' wehg is,a ud;djla ug Tyq wjir k fyd;a" ksiqka Tyq .ek lg
l;d m;=rjka iup,hg ,la lsug yels nj lSf h' tfuka u wehg
orefjla ,nd ug Tyqg yels lula fkd ;snqK ksid Tyq fy<d oelsh hq;=
msfhl= hhs" ksiqka mdm l;d lrkq we;ehs o Tyq lshd isfha sh'
fuu .egjg flfia ms<s;=re h hq;= oehs wehg jegySula fkd
;snqKs' Tjqka fofokd wjqre oyhla orefjla fkdue;sj tlg j;a jQ
nj we;a; h' fofokdf.a u mjq,aj, orefjda iy im {d;Ska fndfyda
h' kuq;a Tjqka fofokdf.a mjq, jOkh fkd h' iuyr fgl fuh
ludkql+, j isjQ hym;la o h yel' ffojfha fuu fmr<Su" wehg
ksjiska msgu myiq lreKla lsug o bv ;sKs' kuq;a tu lreK weh
ksjiska msgu je<elaug wef.a iajdhd fhdod .;af;a h' weh ;j;a
jrla wjir b,ajd h' tjr o Tyq wehf.a b,a,Sug wjir fkd Ks'
mQ ;dhs .udkfha idudkH mjq,l idudl ixLHdj ;rula je
h' iEu ore Wm;la u fjkqfjka W;aijhla f.k ieuu Tjqkaf.a
is;la jQ w;r ore Wm;la j;a ug ,o rel=,la fia o ie,l=Ks' w;a
orejd mjqf,a jevm< lr .ekSug ,o wdYSjdohls' f.d;eka lsug iy
f.or fodf jevm< lsug orejka ye je jeuy,a,kg tl;= f'
wdYSjdoh ( mqx ldhs
foudmshka uy jQ miq Tjqka /l n,d .ekSu o orejka i;= j.lSula

h' ;mdhsf.a" orefjla ke;s jdy ;h .ek wef.a kekao,d iy {d;s
ifydaor ifydaofhda lkiai,a,g m;a jQy' wE uy jQ miq wehj /l
n,d .kafka ljqreka o@
orejka lSm fofkl=f.a ujla jQ wef.a {d;s fidfydhqhlg kej;;a
orefjl= ,ef ,l=Kq my< h' orejd ys l< miq" <s|d yod jvd
.ekSug ;mdhsg h hq;=hhs im {d;Ska ;SrKh l<y' ;mdhs wef.a uj
iu. f .ek idlPd fldg" {d;s fidfydhqh orejd ys lrk k"
wehg Wmldr l<d h' tod ysjQ .eyekq orejd ;=re lrf.k ;mdhs tk
u f.or f.kdjd h' ksjig w;a wuq;a;d f.k wd fudfydf;a u <s|dg
ldhs hkqfjka k ;enqjd h' wef.a iqr;,a fmd'
<s|d ,enqKdg miq weh b;d i;=ka bkakd nj .jdiSka yg
fmkqKs' u fikyi mdka" <s|df.a jevm< b;d i;=ka l< ;mdhs
fndfyda f,d iss;a;d lrmskakd f.k isk nj .jdiSkag fmkqKs'
wehg udhs ldhs hkqfjka k mg neKs' ldhs f.a wud f ku
wehg ckaufhka u Wreu jQjla fuks' fu;eka mgka lre;a fikyiska
;mdhs weu;+f" udhs ldhs lshdh'
l=vd ldhs ye je" lir nqoau;a .eyekq <ufhla jQjd h' weh
b;d Wkkafjka wudf.a tfkod jevm< bf.k .;a;d h' Woafhda.
fhka yd lir j wef.a wudj wkqlrKh l< ;reK ldhsf.a wem;
ta ta jevg wjYH m ,d,s;Hfhka yeiqrejd h' lir j f.or fodf
lghq;=j, fhu wehg idudkH fohla h' udhs ldhs f.a wud" weh
l=vd l, n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdjQ wjia:djl h .sh fyhska" f.or fodr
jevm< bf.k .ekSug wehg uy;a fjfyila oeug is h' tfia fyhska
udhs ldhs wef.a l=vd hKshg lem fuka jev lsf wjYH;djh
b.ekakqjd h'
hKshla yod jvd .ekSu" udhs ldhs yg fl<sf,d,a" tfuka u
i;=g okjk w;aoelSula h' weh fldgq is iSudjka f.ka ;djld,sl
j fjfyild ;fhka ;rula fyda wiajeis,a,la orejd ksid ,enqjd
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48
h' wef.a wdOHd;al wfmalaIdjka ljqreka iu fyda fnod yod .ekSug

weh buy;a wdYdjlska mq, mq,d n,d ishd h' tkuq ldhs ;ju l=vd
<oehls' wE jgd we;s la; f,dalh .ek oek .ekSug ;r fudard
ke;' weh wysxil h' kuq;a udhs ldhs f f,dalfha fokdjkag iy
la lkaordjg uqyqK fndfyda l,a h' wE wjg is wh uqyqK ka la
mSvd" wef.a mmqf ;shqKq fokd f.k fok ;=jd,hla fia wehg oekqKs'
lsisjl=f.ka lsis wkqlmdjla fkd ,nd tfkod jevfmdf<ys fhfok
.jdiSkaf.a is;a fokd wehg jegyqKs' Tjqka ;reK fha isg uy
uefrk ;=rd" ksr; jQfha tfkod flfrk jevfmd<j, muKs'
Wm;l i;=g urKhl l miq mi j tkakls
kshhl jHikh miqmi c, .e,aul kdYh o mefKa'
ldhs yod jvd .ekSug f.k wd jif u udhs ldhsf.a mshd h
.sfha h' i;=g miqmi l yq ne| wdfha h' fujr jreidj o meKsfha
ke;' ta fya;=fjka f.d;eka md iy,a fkd ,enqKs' iem yd l
tlg tla tljr u;= ths' ksfil=f.a ;h urKh lrd f.k hk
lr;a;hl tlg ne|s frdao folla fuks' w;a frdao ilia jQ miq" th
wkd.; W;am;a;sh lrd weo f.k hhs' udhs ldhs fuu fjkia u" iy
l we;su" ;fha ueo mj;sk nj gqjd h'
iem la w;f jqj o" hym;a whym;a ld,h ;=< jqj o" wef.a
yoj; m;=f,a ;snQ wfmalaId weh w; fkd yehd h' u;=mska olsk foa
fudk wdldrfhka fjkia jqj o yoj; m;=f,a uq,a nei ;snQ .sysf.h
w;a yef wdYdj wef.a ;fha tl u n,dfmdfrd;a;=j h' j fkdx
fkdx wdrKHfha" flia lemQ" pd iq is,a fr ye|s" is,a ud;djla jk
;%h" weh ks;r u ;u isf;a ujd .;a;dh' yqol,dj ksy~j lsis ndysr
ndOdjlska f;drj Ndjkd lrk whqre wef.a is; ;=< ujd .;a;d h'
wNsksIal%uKh ;fha jkd tla wx.hla nj weh jgyd .;a;d h'
wjqre .Kkdjla weh f f,dalfha w;rux fkd j;a ug bf.k
.;a;d h' isf;a le<u jgyd .ekSug;a th ikaiqka lr .kakd whqre;a
weh bf.k .;a;d h' iem l i;=g wi;=g wdh wvq je fj wE fj;
wdYSjdoh ( mqx ldhs
meKSu gl wef.a ikaiqkaNdjh wfydais lf<a h' tfiau jka jr is;

rjgk is;s,s biau;= wjq;a ;j;a jfrl wE uq,d lf<a h' jhiska fudard
j.lS je fjoa wef.a wkd.; n,dfmdfrd;a;= lvjk ,l=Kq my< h'
tu lv yuqf wef.a ksoyi o kdY h' wdpdh uqka ys" wjika
jrg weh h kl tu isyskfha M, w;a |sk njg ka fmdfrdkaj"
wef.a wiykld ukig ;snQ tlu iekiSu h' kuq;a oeka wehg l=vd
hKshla yod jvd .ekSug is we;' iiqka.; u wE fj;ska ;j;a
wE;g .sh njla wehg oekqKs'
mQK ld,Sk is,a ud;djla fia l,a .; lsug wehg bv lv fkd
,enqK;a" fl ld,Sk wd.l jevigyklgj;a iyNd.s ug wjia:dj
,nd .; yels jkq we;ehs wehg ye=Ks' ;reK ms <uhs jia ld,fha
;djld,sl j iiqka .; uyK o mqrk nj o wehg isys h' th ksjer
ms<sfj;ls' jdyl mska mjd .sysf.hska kslau l l,lg uyK o
mqr;s' f foa wehg lrkak ne wehs@ tfia jqjfyd;a j .ek ne,Su l<
hq;=j we;' kuq;a ldhs wjqre wgl oehla jqjo udi ;=klg f.or
jevm< n,d .ekSu yd mshdf.a wjYH;d bgqlr ug wE olaI jQjd h' udhs
ldhsf.a {d;s fidfydhqhka wehg Wo lrk njg wehg Yajdihla
;snqKs' f i|yd f.or nr jev wE l,ska ksu l< hq;= j ;snqks' iS iEu
iy me< isgqu ta Ialr jev w;rg jegqKq ldhhka h' fl ld,Sk
wd.l jevigykg iyNd.s th ksujd wiajekak fk<Su i|yd wehg
kej; f.or meKsh yel' wdOHd;al u.l hEug wehj lsiskl
ksoyia fkdlrk njg wef.a iajdhd mjid we;' lsis ksoyila ke;s
jkjdg jvd fl ksoyila fyda ;su hym;ls' hd hq;= ud.fha mshjr
lSmhlaj;a hEu" uq .uk ke;s ug jvd hym;ls'
jir oyhlg m%:u ;u iajdhd bfha je| oK .id wdhdpkd
l<d fia u udhs ldhs fujr o Tyq bfha oK .id wehg fl ksoyila
,nd fok f,i b,a,d ishd h' yoj; m;=f,ka u <hdka; j lreKq
myod wef.a ;fha ;snQ tlu wdYdj l l,lg fyda bgqlr .ekSug
l=vd ljqjla jr lr fok f,i lreKdfjka b,a,d ishd h' mjq, iy
ksji |lg .eyekshlg ksis ;ek nj wE ms<s.;a;d h' tkuq;a ;h
49
50
mqrd weh f.k wd isyskh uqka m;a lr .ekSug l l,lg fyda bv

fok f,i b,a,ka oK.id Tyq bfha ne.Em;a jQjd h' ksjfia md,kh
ie,iq lr we;s whqre wE Tyqg f;are l< w;r" weh ksjiska wE;aj
isk ld,fha jevm< ksishdldrj flfrk njg weh Tyqg fmdfrdka
jQjd h' udi ;=fka jia wd.l jev igyk ksu jQjdg miq kej; f.or
tk njg o weh iar j u Tyq bfha fmdfrdka jQjd h'
tla idjlg uqyqK yrjd .;a wef.a iajdhd lsis yeSula ke;=jd
fia wE tf;la mejiQ foa ksy~ j wid ishd h' wef.a l;dj ksu jQ miq
b,a,Su wkqu; fkd lrk nj wjk fia ysi i,ka wef.a uqyqK foi
weia whd n,d" uyK u wu;l lrkakehs mejiS h' wehg /l n,d
.kak iajdmqreIfhla isk nj;a yod jvd .ekSug hKshla isk nj;a
u;la lrka ka miq wef.a isyskj,g lka ug Tyq i;=gq ke;s ne
mejiqf h'
udhs ldhs kej;;a wef.a iSudjkag fldgq h' bjiSu YS,hls'
lreKdj iy iudj u o YS,hka h' ;u iajdhd wehg mekjQ ;yxj,g
reoaO fuka weh je<l=Kd h' weh hKshg wdorh l<d fuka u ;u
ysf.a wfmalaIdjkag .re l<d h' kuq;a wef.a wkd.; isysk ueu wE
k;r fkd l<d h' wef.a n,dfmdfrd;a;=j bgqu udhs ldhs yg wef.a
miqmi tk" wE b;s l< l=i,hla h' tfia fyhska" B< jia ld,h
t<fUoa weh kej; jrla wef.a iajdhdf.ka iykhla me;Sh' fujr
Tyqf.a ms<s;=r hdka;ka iekis,sodhl jQ w;r th mQK m%;slafIamhla
o fkd Ks'
weh uqyqK md isk wiSre ;;aFjh fome;af;a u {d;Ska w;r
l;dnyg nka jQ ldrKdjla h' iuyrla mlaImd;S jQ w;r ;j;a
fldgila Bg reoaO;ajh mEy' ldf.a;a f.!rjhg Ndckh jQ idOdrK
;SrK .ekSf yelshdj we;s {dkjka; udud flfkl=g f inkaO
j uey;a ug {d;Syq b,a,Sula l<y' Tyq udhs ldhs l=vd <eoehla j
is ld,fha isg okakd flfkls' wdpdh uqka ys yuqug wef.a mshd
iu. wdrKHhg tk hk whqre Tyqg u;l ;snqKs' tfuka u wehf.a
wdOHd;al n,dfmdfrd;a;= .ek Tyqf.a wkqlmdj weh fj; fhduq
wdYSjdoh ( mqx ldhs
h' Tyq wef.a f,a,shf.a uereKq mshd fjkqfjka wef.a iajdhd yd l;d
ny fldg jdisodhl ms<s;=rla ,nd ug bm;a h' Tyq udhs ldhsf.a
iajdmqreIhd iu. fm!oa.,slj idlPd lf<a h' Tyqg o" wdOHd;al
lghq;=j, kshe<Sfuka ,nk M, mdl f;are lr kafka h' Tyq iu.
;l lrka flfuka flfuka Tyqg n, lrka l ld,hlg tu
Ndjkd lghq;=j,g hEug wjirh fok f,i Tyqf.ka b,a,d isfha h'
wjidkfha nqkaud Tyqf.a |g udi ;=kl jia ld,fha muKla is,a
ud;djla fia uyK iiqka .; ug wjir kafka h' wu;rj jemqr
tla klgj;a wjir fkd ,enqKs' Tyqf.a me;af;ka" mjqf,a f.!rjh
wdrlaId lrk yehg;a ;u hKsh wE ke;s ld,fha n,d lshd .ekSug;a
{d;Ska tl lr .;s' fuu iykh ,nd ka jhil udud" tu udi ;=k
;=< mxp YS,h .ek Y%oaOdj we;s lr" tu is,a mo iudoka weh tk ;=re
tajd /lsh hq;= njg;a udhs ldhsf.a iajdhd fmdfrdka lr .;af;a h'
i;=ka uefuka" fidrl lsfuka" fndre lSfuka" ffu:qk fiajkfhka"
iy u;a jH .ekSfuka je<lS isk f,i Tyq tl lr .;af;a h' mxp
YS,h iudoka " tjd /lSu .f fmd wd.l pd;%hla jqj o" Tyq tajd
.ek lsis ;elSula fkd l< flfkls'
yisfhka Woa.; jQ ;;ajh weh mquhg;a Woaoduhg;a m;a lf<a h'
udhs ldhs oE;a tla fldg k<f,ys ;nd" ish,a,kag u mska is fjd hhs
lshka" ta is;=,a, yojf;a m;=,g u ls|d neiSug bv Ks' wjidkfha"
wdpdh uqka uyd f;reka wjqre iailg m%:u l< wkdjelsh u,a
m, .efkk ,l=Kq my< h' oEia mshd.;a weh" ;u yoj; ;=< uki
fudfyd;la tl lr f kd.;a fl ld,h ;=< is,a ud;djla jYfhka
Wmu M, fk<d .kakd njg" weh ;udg u jqrd fmdfrdka jQjd h'
wef.a is;s,s Odrdf bfhka u msys is;=,a, k" Ndjkdjhs' f
jdikdj fuf;la bgqlr .ekSug W.yg jQ fohls' ld,h iska l,a
ur urd wm%dKsl j ;snQ is;s,a,ls' kuq;a f jk g tu is;s,a, oe
wjOdkhlg fhduq fjka mj;S' fudk ;r n,dfmdfrd;a;= lvj,g
weh uqyqK kak o" weh lsis kl u;= n,dfmdfrd;a;= lv lr .;af;a
ke;'
51
52
53
wNsksIal%uKh
54
55
uQ,sl Ndjkd mqyqKqj

mSKq flfi,a .ilg isgjQ rel=,la fuks'
th"
Yd, j iEfok flfi,a lek
iqiq ld,fha meyS boS jeug bv fohs'
th"
wld,fha u weo jeug bv fkdfoa'
ish,a, w;yer hdu

tod wei< mqka fmdfydh od h' wef.a jhi wjqre ;sia yhls'
wehg wh;a hhs ye=K ish,a, u" tfia u ;fha weh ne| ;enqjdhhs
ye=K ish,a, u" lsis miq ;eula fkdue;s j w;yer oud j fkdx
fkdx wdrKHfha NslaIQka jykafia,d iy is,a ud;djka bfha oK .id
fodfyd;a uqka jekaod h' merKs tfuka u m%ikak jQ ir, wd.l
pd;%hlg iyNd.s " weh khdkql+, j iiqka .; jQ is,a ud;djla uhs
fj hs m%isoafha m%ldY l<d h'
uhs ldhs is,a ud;d ldhs wef.a iiqka.; h wdrN lsu
i|yd tk mdkaor wdrKHhg meKshd h' wdrKHjdiS is,a ud;djkag
nhd iskyjlska ix.%y lrka Tjqkg f.!rjfhka wdpdr l<d h'
.reire we;sj Tjqka yd tlg jd " Wfoa wdydrh .;a;d h' wjidkfha"
wE fuf;la isysk ujka n,dfmdfrd;a;=j is WfmalaId iy.; wdh
n%yauphd ;h" tfuka u ish,a, w; yef wjika fudfyd; <d
h'
weh .sys l< fjka fldg ykd .;a wef.a merKs we wdhs;a; tlska
tl .,jd oeuqKs' bka miq <s| <g le|jd f.k .sh weh Wlal=fhka
56
jdug ie,eia h' fj, fj,d tfia jdjQ weh ;u fn,a, bhg
fkrd ksy~ jQjd h' fcHaIaG is,a ud;dj uhs vex" fudg l;=rlska
wef.a la jQ l mdg flaY l,dmh" ka g w,a,d" yqre mqre f,i
lmd oeuqjdh' b;d fldg ysifla lE,s muKla wehf.a ysfia b;s h'
ysi flia g g wef.a bfha is jefgoa" lsis yeSulska f;drj
ksia Yrfha udhdld iajNdjh .ek isyslrka" ta ysifla lE,s foi
n,d ishd h' flia hkq uu fkd fj ( flia uf.a fkdf ( Yrfha
wka fldgia jdf.au flia o iajNdj Oufha fldgils( th wh;a jkafka
ug fkdj" iajNdj Ouh keue;s f,dalhghs uu hhs ye|ska jQ flkdg
tys lsis wjYH;djhla fkdue;'
bka miq ;shqKq oe<smsyshlska" wef.a ysia ln, u;=msg ,sfik iu
muKla u;= jk fia" uhs vex ud;dj wef.a ysi uqvq l<d h' fo w,af,ka
wef.a ysi msuka" ish,a, w;yka iskdiqKd h'
wfkla is,a ud;dfjda weh jgd frdla " is,a ud;djlg tk uhs
flfkl=g" iqiq idm%odhsl ;kslr iq is,a we wekay' oKysfika
my<g U f;la jefgk jgidh" nqre,g ueiQ fn,a, olajd fnd;a;
oeuQ w;a . yegh" ol=Kq lsys,a, hka f.k" j Wrysi jgd l%uj;a j
t;+ . W;=re ij fn!oaOhska f.a f.!rjdorhg m;a jQ Ydiksl we
h'
wef.a uyK msxlf wd.l pd;% jd;% bgq lsf m%Odk ;ek
biq wpdh l mydka ys bfha is,a ud;d ldhs ;=ka jrla je|
kuialdr l<d h' je| .;a oE;ska ld .;a bmkaou" ykal+re iy
fk u, w;e;sj weh nqka irK .shd h'
nqoaO irK .Pd ''''''''
ish,a, wNsnjd hk nqka jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaOuh weh irK .shd
h'
Ou irK .Pd ''''''''
NslaLq NslaLqKS wdh ix> r;akh irK wE .shdh'
wNsksIal%uKh ( ish,a, w;yer hdu
ix> irK .Pd' ''''''''

oe wIaGdkhlska iy wjxl jQ lemulska YslaId mohkays msysgd"
weh /ia jQ ish,a,ka bfha is,a ud;djlg ûhs & wh;a uQ,sl is,a mo
ms<sfj<ska iCOdhkd l<d h' mK we;s i;=kag ysxid lsfuka j<lsk
njg weh iy;sl jYfhka fmdfrdka jQjd h ( kqka foa .ekSfuka (
wn%yauphd yeisfuka ( fndre lSfuka ( u;a jH .ekSfuka ( ysre wjrg
.shdg miq wdydr .ekSfuka ( fkdaoj,g iyNd.s fuka( iqj| ,jqka
mdfhka ( Wia wiqka yd iem myiq wiqka mdfhka j<lsk njg
weh iy;sl jYfhka fmdfrdka jQjd h'
is,a ud;d ldhs YslaId mohka iudoka " tys msyshdg miq j"
wdpdh l mydka f;reka jykafia wE foi Rcq j n,d" iudoka jQ
YslaId mo tlska tl Wka jykafia ia;r lrk nj;a" tajdg wjOdkh
fhduq fldg weyqlka fok f,ig;a wehg wjjdo l<y'
nqka foiQ ksjka u. hEu i|yd iEu fn!oaOfhl= u m<uqj
wksjdhfhka l< hq;= jkafka nqoaO Ou ix> ;%sO r;akfha irK
hEuhs' wdOHd;al hqKqf ysKsfm;a;g hEu i|yd we;s mrudoYh
nqrcdKka jykafia h' ksjka wjfndaOh i|yd tlu Ydia;Djrhd nqka
jykafia h' nqka irK hEfuka Tn tu mrudoYS W;a;uhd Tf
.=rejrhd jYfhka ms<s.kS' :HdoDIal oYkhka fifuka je<lSug
o" Tn thska m%;s{d fohs' ksjka idlaId;a lsu i|yd i;H jQ ud.h
iy yrh fuu Ou ud.hhs' Ouh irK hEfuka Tn tu i;Hh
Tf tlu wruqK njg ms<s.kS' fnd<| ud.hka Tiafia hEfuka
iy :Hd woyia ms<s.ekSfuka j<lsk njg o Tn m%;s{d fohs' ix>
r;akh tu W;= Ouh ksrEmKh lrk ksjka uf.ys hk msi f'
ix>hd irK hEfuka Tn nqoaO Ydikh ;=< Tf /ljrKh ms<s.kS'
:Hd oDIalhka" YaYS,hkaf.ka wE;a ug o Tn m%;s{d fohs' f
wdldrhg nqoaO Ou ix> hk ;%sO r;akh irK hEfuka" ksjer
wdOHd;al mrudoYhka ms<s.ekSug Tn lem f' flf,ia re lsf
uQ,sl oekSu we;slr .ekSug Tn fhduq f'
57
58
i;H jQ ksjfkys w;d,u ;%sO r;akh irK hEuhs' uqla;sh

i|yd ksjka ufys hEug fuu YslaId mo Bg wjYH fldkafoais iy
iSudjka ilia lrhs' YS,h Y%oaOdfjka rlsoa" flfkl= f.a uki jrka yd
lkiai,af,ka ksoyia lrhs' wk;=rej,ska frd wdrlaId lr f uy;a
jQ n,hla YS,h we;slrjhs' uq,ska u" fudk ;r l=vd jqj;a mK we;s
if;la Tn fkd ueh hq;=h( tfiau ueug fyda ysxid lsug wkqn,
fkd h hq;=hs' iEu mK we;s if;l=g u ;h jkd fohls' tksid
tu i;d urd" W! wdorfhka wdrlaId lrk tu jkdlu Tn kdY fkd
l< hq;=hs ( ta fjkqjg ish i;aFjhka flfrys" Tf yoj; lreKdfjka
mqrjd .kak'
Tn lsisjl=g wh;a fohla fidrl fkd l< hq;=hs' wka wh Bg
fmd<Ujd fkd .; hq;=hs iEu i;a;ajfhl=u Wkqkg wh;a foa wdorfhka
wdrlaId lrhs je jkd lula ke;ehs Tng ye=K o" th wh;a flkdg
tys jkdlula we; tksid wka flfkl=g wh;a lsis fohla fidr
is;ska f.k" tu jkdlu kdY lrkak tmd tfia fidrl lsfuka
kdY jkafka Tjqka i;= foafmd, muKla fkdj Tjqkf.a yoj;a mjd
kdY f ( tksid" u" ;Hd.YS,S nj Tnj yiqrejk m%;sm;a;s njg m;a
lr .kak'
fu;eka isg Tn ishu ,sx.sl inkaO;djhkaf.ka je<lS ish
hq;=hs' mQK n%yaupd ;hla f.k hd hq;=hs ldfudaoamkh iy rd.h"
isf;a iy lfha ikaiqka nj kdY lr" wdOHd;al ;fha wruqKg
m%;sreoaO idjg jhs' msis ffu;%sfha n,h iy Nla;sh ta fjkqjg is;
;=< u;= ug bv fokak'
Tn fndre lSfuka je<lS" yeu l,ays u i;H l;d l< hq;= f'
Tf l%shdjkays fyda l;djkays " lsisgl wkqkg jxl fkd jkak(
wkqka fkd rjgkak' fndrej" Yajdih | fy,k w;r" tlsfkldg
we;s f.!rjh wys lrjhs' Tf is; ksoyia lsug i;Hfha n,hg bv
fokak'
wNsksIal%uKh ( ish,a, w;yer hdu
u;= i|yka l< m%Odk YslaId mo i;r wdOHd;al .=K j.df uQ,
Ouhka jk w;r tajd Tf lh ikaiqka lr.ekSug;a is; msis lr
.ekSug;a wjYH oE ilia lrhss' tfia ilia lr .ekSu i|yd" is; lD;s
lrk" msis ;SrK .ekSu j<lk" ryfur mdkh lsfuka fyda fudku
wdldrhl u;a jH lsisu k .ekSfuka fyda je<lsh hq;=hs' ln,Sldydr
ysre wjrg .sh miq fkd .; hq;=hs' Tn .S lSfuka" kefuka" yd fjk;a
fkdao f wx.hkag iyNd.sfuka je<lS ish hq;= w;r ,iaik
u i|yd lklr wdNrK iy u,a me<fuka o" kd kd iqj| ,jqka
.e,afuka o je<lsh hq;= f' iqjodhl isks fldg fug iys; Wia
we|ka ys ksod .ekSfuka Tn je<lsh hq;= w;r iem odhl yev jev oeuQ
uy wiqkaj, ys| .ekSfuka o je<lsh hq;= f'
fuu is,a mo wg ukd isysfhka wdrlaId lrk g" Tn .sys ;fha
fodrgq ;djld,sl j jeiqjd fia jkq we;' uqla;sh lrd hk ud.fha tla
ljqjla jD; l<d fia h' fuu is,a mo /lSf uQ,sl mrud:h" Tn
lrk lshk iEu fofhys u" YslaIdmohkays wka;.; uQ,sl yrh we;=<;a
h hq;= ne isys ;nd .ekSu h' tfia l%shd lrk g fkdkj;ajd ue
ue bmso bmso hk fuu ixidr pl%hg" Tn ne| ;nk flf,ia m%ySkh
i|yd Tf uki mqyqKq lr .ekSug yels jkq we;'
YslaId mo /lsug mqre mqyqKq fuka krl foa lsu k;r jkjd fia
u fyd| foa jOkh lr .ekSu ;Sj% f' la fokd f.k tk ysxidld
yeisj,ska ;u is; fu,a, lr fodr ljq jid" uqla;sh i|yd ;u
is; lh msisu" fuu YslaId moj,ska bgq jk ldhhls' fn!oaO mqyqKq
lghq;=j, wksjdhfhka ;sh hq;= moku o fuu YslaId mo f' tfukau
fuu is,a mo ksjka ufys jeo.;a ikaia:dkhla nj o isys ;nd .;hq;=
f' tksid W;= jQ YslaId mohkag ys Wodr f.!rjh wdrlaId lrka"
WfoHda.su;a j iudoka wdrlaId lrkak'
wdpdh l mydka ia:rhka jykafia fuu .NSr l;jHfha
wjYH;djh .ek Wkka lr tfiau fmd<Ujd" is,a ud;djla fia
khdkql+, j iiqkg Ndr .ekSf idm%odhsl jkaokd .d:d iCOdhkd
l<y' th wjidk jkjd;a iu.u uhs ldhs - is,a ud;d ldhs - wef.a
;fha fuf;la f.k wd n,dfmdfrd;a;=j bgq lr .;a;d h'
59
60
uf.a wIaGdkh mlaId lr ne,Su i|yd

uu" fndfyda la llfgd bjiqfj'
fndfyda k .Kkla uu ksrdydr j isfh'
rd;%S .Kkdjla .d ksod .ekSu m%;slafIam flf<'
uf.a yoj; fmdaIKh l< wdydrh bjiSuhs'
uf.a ysi ie;mSu i|yd ud ,o fldgh lemuhs'
ke;s jQ ksOdkh h<s whehs

is,a ud;d ldhs" idudkH f,dalfhka miq nei wdOHd;al mQckSh
f,djlg we;= jQjdh' wef.a isyskh u,a m, .ekqK o" weh l< hq;=j
we;s foa wdrN jQjd muKs' tlu wdrKHfha fjka lrk ,o fldgil
is,a ud;dfjda jdih l<y' NslaIQka jdih l< iSudj fuu fldgiska fjka
jQfha" >kj jevqKq Wi WK mre jehlsks' is,a ud;d ldhs g ,enqKq
l=h uE;l ksu l< tlls' tys ug fh WK nnq m;=rej, iakh
yd fld< mdg ;ju;a /|S ;snQKs' tys jy, fi,s l< wuq ;K fld<
w;ska lmd" ne|s tajd h'
is,a ud;djkaf.a fcHIaG ud;dj uhs vex h' jir yhlg by; weh
is,a ud;djla f m%;s{dj .;a wjia:df is,a ud;d ldhs o tu wd.l
iNdf ishd h' mjqf,a im fhfy<shla jYfhkq;a" .sysf.h w; yer
iiqka .; jQ Y%oaOdjka; Nla;su;a wfhl= yehg;a is,a ud;d ldhs wehg
.re l<dh' w.h l<d h' weh lKsIaG is,a ud;djkag wdoYj;a ud;djla
jQjd h' weh foi n,ka" weh wkq.ukh lrka" fiiq wh ffOhj;a
jQy' uhs vex iiqka .; l klg miq" uhs hsx is,a ud;djla jQjd
h' f is,a ud;dfjda fofok" j fkdx fkdx wdrKHfha l=vd msila jQ
wNsksIal%uKh ( ke;s jQ ksOdkh h<s whehs
wfkla is,a ud;djka Oufha msysgqfuka iy iu.sh jOkh lsfuka

Tjqkf.a j.lSu bgq l<y'
iiqka.; jQ m<uq kfha u" is,a ud;d ldhs wef.a w;a ;fha
ksi, rgdjg wj;SK jQjd h' weh km;d whu 3'00 g wj jQjd h'
YS;, j;=r foda;lska uqyqK fidaod" bmkao ,ka;Ere o,ajd" wef.a
l=h bfha ilid ;snQ ilauka uf ilauka Ndjkdf fhKdh'
ksy~j" nqoa ''''' fOda nqoa ''''' fOd hk foomh tlska tl udre fjoa"
wjOdkfhka hq;=j uquqK uquqKd lshka ilauka l<d h' tfia fkd lvjd
iCOdhkd lrka" isreK is; tla;eka lrka" jd Ndjkd lsug
iqiq ;ekam;a uki msysk f;la wE ilauka Ndjkdfjys fhKd h' bka
wk;=rej ysre Wodjk f;la fldkao fl<ska ;nd jd" Ydka; jQ tl
jQ is; tla wruqKl msysgjd .;a;d h' bkamiq yks ykslg m%Odk Yd,dj
fj; f.dia NslaIQka jykafia,d iy is,a ud;djka tl;=j flfrk" iuQy
nqoaO jkaokdjkag iyNd.s jQjd h'
jkaokd .d:djkays Yoh flfuka wvq wjika jQ miq" NslaIQka iy
is,a ud;dfjda kd lSmhla Ndjkdfhda.S j is;s' bkamiq is,a ud;dfjda"
t<suyfka iE l=iaishg ;a n;a iy jHxck tlla folla msi;s' NslaIQka
jykafia,d msKavmd;fha jev" f.fkk wdydrj,g wu;rj fufia ilia
lr .kakd wdydr o yS,a odkh i|yd tl;= lr .ks;s' is,a ud;d ldhs
b;d i;=ka wdydr ms<sfh< lsug iydh " miqj is,a ud;djka iu
ojfia tlu wdydr f, je<ug tl;= jQjdh' NslaIQka jykafia,d iy
is,a ud;dfjda o wkqNj lf<a klg tla wdydr f,la muKs' Ndjkd
fhda.S jk rgdjg fuh o tla mqyqKqjls' wvqfjka wdydr .ekSu ksid
Ndjkd lghq;= ieye,afjka lr .ekSug yelsf jefhka wdydr
.ekSu uki WodiSk lrjhs Wkkaj ySk lrjhs wdydrj,g we;s
;Kaydj iy lEorlu is; ls,s lrk ila f' iduQysl j wdydr msi"
msis ls ksu l< miq is,a ud;dfjda ;u imQK ld,h Ndjkd
mqyqKqj i|yd fhojQy' wdydr .ek lsis ;elSula fkdue;s j" ieye,a
jQ is;la lhla we;s j" Ndjkd mqyqKqj i|yd muKla ojfia b;s ld,h
imQKfhka u fhojQy'
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62
wdydr msiS" msis ls wd ir, wjYH;d is,a ud;djka iduQysl

j bgq lrk fyhska" uq wdrKHfha u Y=N idOkh bf u ie,iqKs'
iEu iekaoEjl u wdrKHfha ish u is,a ud;dfjda ikaiqka is;ska yd
i;sfhka bo,a iy fldiq f.k ;u ;ukaf.a l= wjg Y=oaO m;% lr
.ks;s' tfiau tla tla is,a ud;djkaf.a l= inkaO flreKq l=vd w
mdrj,a o" Tjqyq iu.sfhka w;=m;= .d msis l<y' bka miq l=iaish wjg
o" tfuka u Whk msyk Ndck o ,s .id ksis fia ;ekam;a lr;s' miq
k yS,a odkh i|yd iy,a lla fha odkak o Tjqka wu;l lf<a ke;'
bkamiq <s| wi,g f.dia ksy~ j ;u ;ukaf.a we fidaod h kd
.ks;s' bre nei h;a u" ish u is,a ud;dfjda" NslaIQka iu iji nqoaO
jkaokdjg m%Odk Yd,djg f.dia iQodk fj;s' jkaokd lsu wjika jk
g wr je we;s fyhska" . bmkao o,ajd f.k ;u ;ukaf.a l=
lrd f.dia rd;%s ld,fha fndfyda f,djla hk;=re u Ndjkd lr;s'
fndfyda fjfyila orka is,a ud;d ldhs rd;%s ld,h ilaukska iy
jd Ndjkd lr" miq.sh ld,fha wehg wys jQ .eUqre iudh" is; tla
;eka lr .Kskaa kej; ,nd .ekSug fjfyi oerejdh' wdpdh uqka ys
oekg wjqre 20lg l,ska" ;u .udkh w; yer .shod isg" wehg l%uj;a
Ndjkd mqKqjlg fhduq ug fkdyels h' wef.a .sys ;fha lgql
w;aoelS iy f.or fodf jevm, .ek fndfyda fkdjeo.;a foa" wef.a
is; ;=< fmd nef|kakg h' tfia jqjo" weh hfha jkdlu .ek
ukdj oek ishd h' tksid fkdh j" wef.a is; l=Uqrla hhs is;ka" iS
idka" ,shoafoka ,shoao ilia lsu wdrN l<d h' '''''' nqoafOda '''''
kej;;a ''''' nqoafOda ''''''
fkdmiqng W;aidyfhka lghq;= lsug weh fyd|ska oek ishd
h' wehg Yajdih ;eh yelsj ;snqfKa tu .=Kdx. u; muKls' weh"
wef.a f,!lsl ;h iar j is;ska wE;a fldg" ;u wruqK fj; ;Sj%
j is; fhduq lroa" uq,a mshjr fol ;=< u" weh wdYaphu;a udj;lg
laIKsl j fhduq h' fuu laIaKsl hqKqj weiQ flfkl= mqu jkq
ksh;h' ksi, jQ ueh /h weh fj<df.k ish " tfukau msisj
Ndjkdj bhg fl f.k hoa" yisfha u wef.a is; iy lh fy<lska
ug jegqKd fia" .eUqre <s|lg jegqKd fia oekqKs ( ish,a, w;=reoyka

.eUqre ksi,;djhlg m;ajqKs' wef.a oekSu ;=< lsisjla igyka jQfha
o ke;' oekSu muKla b;s h' - oekqu kso .sh ksu, jQ ;shqKq is;
lh blaujd .sh wjfndaO {dkhl msysfha h' fuu w;aoelSu mej;sfha
iq fudfyd;la muKs' tu fudfyd; w;sYfhka msreKq Ydka; Ndjhls'
tu Ydka; ;;a;ajfhka kej; iudh biau;= meKs g" wef.a is;
ma;su;a j m;% j" ;SlaIK j msys nj wehg jegyqKs' l,la wehg wys
j ;snQ ksOdkh" kej; whefuka ,nd .;a nj weh oek .;a;d h'
.eUqre iudfhka flka l msfok g" kqyqre kqmqre u;= isjk
foa oelsh yels udkisl ;;a;ajhlg wef.a is; m;a jQjd fia wehg oekqKs'
th isyskhla oel wj jQ fudfyd;la fia oekqKs' yisfha u" fldfyafoda
isg ysi l|ska fjka jQ Yd, ksfil=f.a hlre wj;drhla md wjq;a
wef.a oYk m:hg we;= jqKs' pls;fhka tfoi n,d is wehg" ysifla
ke;s" ta ysiqKq ksidf.a mmqj ueo r;= mdka ,sfik tl weila msysgd
we;s nj;a" ta weiska ;ckd;aul j" fr! f,i wE foi tl t,af,a n,d
isk nj;a weh gqjd h' iQodkula fkd ue;sj is weh" wk;=rla f hhs
fhka" f m,d hkakg is;=jd h' wef.a isf;ys tald.%;djh isfroa"
wE ;=< ;snQ h iy ielh ;j ;j;a jOkh h' wef.a h jej;a u" ta
hlre wj;drh o flka l m%udKfhka Yd, " wef.a h ;j ;j;a
je lf<a h' wef.a fhka ;e;s .;a yoj; ief,kakg mgka .;af;a h'
ta laIKfha u wdpdh uqka f;reka jykafia ka wjjdoh wef.a u;lhg
wdfha h'
h lsis kl jkak tmd' i;sfhka yd wjfndaOfhka thg
uqyqK fokak'
tu isyslsu;a iu u" m;% oekSu biau;= " j;udkfha msis
ix{djl is; k;r jqKs' ysi ke;s hlre wj;drfhka is; bj;g f.k"
yojf;a we;sjQ ;shqKq ;e;s.;a fokdj fj; muKla is; fhduq fldg"
wef.a isf;ys we;s jQ Woaf.h iy h flka l iukh ug bv
yehd h' ta iu. u wef.a ukfia we;s jQ hlre oYkh o ;=kS f.dia
w;=reoyka h'
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64
iudfhka ke.S isg" kej; msh ;;a;ajhg is; m;a jQ l,a ys"
is,a ud;d ldhs Nh ksid we;sjk wk;=re .ek .eUqka is;d nejd
h' isf;ys we;sjk Nhu u" tys ;snQ tl u wk;=r nj;a" weh we;s
l,d hhs is;k rEmfha lsis hla wka;.; j ke;s nj;a wef.a m%;sNd
{dkfhka oek.;a;d h' Ndjkdf olsk rEm udkisl ixisoa muKla
nj;a" ta rEmhkag flfkl=f.a is;g fyda lhg fyda wk;=rla f.k
taug lsis Yla;shla fkdue;s nj;a weh oek .;a;d h' tajd wlul"
lsis f;areula ke;s" tajd ;=<ska u mek k.sk oYkhka h' oYk olsk
wjia:df " tu oYkj,g ;u is; ;=<ska fok w:l:kh ;SrKd;aul
h' wk;=r f.k tk fya;=j o fuhhs' is; wmg okjk w:l:kh wkqj"
Nh iy wm%ikak;djh W;amdokh lrjhs' th isf;a iu;=,s;;djhg
ydks muqKqjk m%lD;s isysh wjq,a lrjk I iys; is;s,s W;amdokh
lrkakls' hlre rEmh .ek bfg u ;u wjOdkh fhduq l< g"
wY=Njd" is; ii, lrjk is;s,s u;= lr" wk;=r fo.=K f;.=K lrhs'
is; tu hlre ;a; rEmfhka uqojd" ys jQ Nh .ek muKla wjOdkh
fhduq l< g" rEmfha >k;ajh ;=kS f.dia is; fmr ;snQ ;ekg
tk j;udkhg" f.k ths' tfia jkafka" tu rEmhg iy Nh keue;s
ixisoahg tlg tla ish fkdyels neks' tksid Nh fu,a, fkd
l<fyd;a" ;u Ndjkdjg ydks ish yels nj is,a ud;d ldhs yg ;shqKq
m%{dfjka jegyqfKa h'
wdpdh uqka wehg b.ekajQ Ndjkd l%uh" b;d ir, jQjls' nqoafOda
hkak fkd kj;ajd Y%oaOdfjka rgdjlg lSu myiq l%uhls' kuq;a jir
.Kkdjla w;miq lr isg" kej; tla wruqKlg is; tl lr .ekSug
wehg uy;a jQ hhla .ekSug is h' uq, tmd jk ;;a;ajhkag weh
uqyqK kakd h' iuyr wjia:djl wef.a is;;a lh;a iunr ;djfhka
l%shd fkdlr fome;a;lg wk njla jegyqKs' is;g tla fohla wjYH jQ
g lhg fjk fohla wjYH f' is;g fuh kE jQ g lhg th kE
f' isf;ys;a lfhys;a tl;djhla we;s njla fkd fmkqKs' jefhka
wdydr .;a l< w,i nj we;s lf<a h' wdydr u|la .;a l< wiu;
is;=,sj, mg,ejqfKa h' lEu" u" ys|Su" ksod .ekSu" weu" fm!oa.,sl
lghq;=" iduQysl lghq;=" f yeu tlla u iunrj f.k hkafka flfia
oehs weh fidhd nejd h' ojfia flfrk yeu lghq;a;l u" fjkia
jk yeu fudfyd;l u ;u is; ta ta wruqfKys ;nd .ekSu flfia l<
hq;= oehs weh ks;r fjfyi orka is;=jd h'
ksrdydrj k lSmhla l=i .skafka iska is,a ud;d mfhaIK
l<dh' wdydr wvq u" WodiSk;ajh yd w,ilu we;slrk nj;a wiykld
is;s,s jka jr we;s lrk nj;a" wef.a wdOHd;al Yla;sh ySk lrjk
nj;a jegyqKs' tu ishq ndOdj ksid wE ;=< Ndjkd hqKqj i|yd we;s
Woafhda.h wvqjk nj o" wjfndaO h' kuq;a wdpdh uqka f;reka hgf;a
mqyqKqj ,nk fndfyda NslaIQka" ksrdydr j isu Ndjkdf hqKqjg
we;s jkd WmfoaYhla hhs ms<s.;s' Wka jykafia,d ks;ru jdf.a wdydr
fkdf.k ysyer |ska" iu;a ukila we;slr .ekSug;a udkisl
iqmlaIdj jehqKq lr isf;a tald.%;djh we;s lr.ekSug;a fuh
rel=,la f hhs ms<s.;ay' kuq;a is,a ud;d ldhsf.a uki tu woyig
keUqrejla fkd oela h' wef.a is; l%shdld jk iajNdjh wkqj" wdydr
fkdf.k isu iqiq fkdjk nj weh wjidkfha ;SrKh l<d h'
fkd ksod isu fjku lreKls' wef.a jia iufha" fojk udih"
weh bh ;=klska muKla .; l<d h' jd" isgf.k iy wefuks'
tk u .d jQfha ke;' weh ys|s mqyqKqj .ek o mlaIK meje;ajQjd
h' wef.a iajdNdl Yla;sh Wmfhda.S lrf.k Ndjkdf hqKqj YS>%.d
lr .ekSug .kakd m%h;akhla ne jgyd .;a;d h' fkd ksod isfuka
wef.a uki ma;su;a j" ;Sj% jk nj;a" ksi,j Ydka; njlg m;ajk nj;a
weh fidhd .;a;d h' bkamiq weh k is tlla nu .d fkd ishdh'
fkdksod is iEu ojil u wef.a Ndjkdj .eUqre whlg jegqKq w;r
Ndjkdf hqKqj flfrys wE ;=< we;s Yajdih o ;j ;j;a je h'
wef.a wdOHd;al bkashhka ;shqKq lr" wehj ksNS; wNsfhda.hkag
uqyqK h yels ud;djla l<d h' wE W;am;a;sfhka ,o p; ,laIK iu.
fuu lreKq ukdj tlsfkl .e,mqfKa h' wE olsk wiajdNdl oYk"
fjkodg jvd ks;r ks;r fmkqKq w;r tajd w;sfYaI oYk h( iuyr
tajd u;= ish yels oYk h' iuyrla wrEm ;,hka fj;ska ,o ix{d
h' ;j;a fgl nqoaO foaYkdjkays wka;.; .NSr i;Hhka o t<sor
h'
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66
tla rd;%shl" .eUqre iudfhka ke.S is is,a ud;d ldhs" wef.a

u< isrer fr hk hka;%hla bfha fydjd ;sfnkq gqjd h' u< isrer
ks,a mdg b" l=Kq me<S ci .,ka ;snqKs' f,dl= mqx mKqjka"
l=KqjQ uia ;=<ska u;= wjq;a isrer mqrd .ejiqKs' tfia crdjg .sh isref
i;H iajNdjh gq weh" lmd h jQjd h' yisfhka wdpdh uqka ys
;udg msgqmiska" im j isk njla jegyqKs' wef.a isrer Wka tu rEmS
iqrer foi Wka jykafia n,k f,ila wehg jegyqKs' fika kuq;a
j.lSfuka" urKh bmf iajNdl m%;sM,hla hhs wehg isysm;a lf<a
h' f f,dfjys Wmk iEu i;a;ajfhl= u wjidkfha urKhg m;a f'
tu u< isrere crdjg m;a " tajd l,ska ;snQ uQ,Od;=j,g ta wdldrfhka
u wdmiq fmrf<hs' ienka u f Yajfha ish,a, wks;Hh h" iEu
fudfyd;l u fjkia fjka mj;S' iEu fohla u l=vd fldgiaj,g
w;=reoyka f' urKh yeu gu wm < ;snqK o" wm ta .ek l,amkd
lrkafka l,d;=rlsks' wdpdh uqka ys" wef.a Wm; .ek;a jhig hEu
.ek;a wikSm iy urKh .ek;a b;d Wkkafjka isys lsug wdrN
lrk f,i oeka h'
67
jpkfha miudma;fhka u is,a ud;djla jkak'

.| yuk f,!lsl ;fha
ne|Sj, meg,S" Tn f f.k hk is,a ud;d ;h
kdia;s lr.kak kE keye'
ta ksid" Tf ksji iy orejka foi fod<lska
kej; hka;kaj;a ye n,kak tmd'
fonr l+vqj weiaiqKs

mqx j ldhs" jeis ld,fha ksji wjg jev lrka wef.a {d;s
fidfydhqhka yd fi,a, lrka ld,h .; l<d h' weh ks;r u i;=ka
bkakd oehla jqj o" ksji ;=< wef.a wudf.a ;ekam;a jQ Ydka; yeisu
fkdue;s u" wehg ;ka oefkkakg h' wef.a mshd" nqkaud i;=ka
;eug weh f.or fodf jevm< uy;a fjfyila f.k" Wkkafjka
bgq l<d h' kuq;a Tyqf.a is; ;=< l=ula fyda le<ula we;s nj fmkS
.sfha h' whu ksjiska msgj hk Tyq fndfyda khkays kej; meKsfha
fndfyda ? fnda h'
fmdfydh khkays ldhs .f ldka;djka iu j fkdx fkdx
wdrKHhg f.dia wef.a wud iu nqoaO jkaokdjkag iyNd.s jQjd h'
f.or isjk foa .ek ish ia;r weh fkdkj;ajd u ujg lshdf.k
lshdf.k .shd h' jf.a ia;r weiQ is,a ud;d ldhs" wef.a iajdhd jka
jr f.or fkd tau .ek lkiai,a,g m;a jQjd h' Tyq iuyr kl u;a
j f.or tk nj o ta l;dj,ska wEg jegyqKs' ta ksid mqx j fjkqfjka
b|ysg f.or f.dia jevm<j,g wehg iydh " tuska iajdhdf.a
yeisu .ek o ;rula wjOdkfhka isug;a weh ;SrKh l<d h'
68
f.org we;= fjoa" wef.a iajdhd f.or fkd is ne wehg tl

jrg u ta;a;= .sfha h' ojia lSmhla u" weh wef.a hKshg Wo u i|yd"
Whd msyd" fr fidaod" f.or fodr msis ls wd jevm<j, fhKd
h' kuq;a nqkaud f.or meKsfha ke;' jia iQ wka;su udifha i;shlg
tla kla weh f.or .sh uq;a" ta tl o khl j;a ;u iajdhd uqK
fkd .eiqKs' wi, f.orl jekaoUqjla iu Tyq fm%au inkaOhla f.k
hk njg md m me;sfrkakg h' tajd wef.a lkg o jegqKs' Tyq u;a
meka fndk nj;a wehg fydrd u;a meka fndk ;ekaj, ks;r .ejfik
nj;a wdrx h'
is,a ud;d ldhs wef.a iajdhdf.a yeisu .ek l<lsug m;a jQjd
h' widrj;a jdy ;hla f.k hka" kej;;a ksji lrd tau wehg ord
.; fkd yels h' wdh ud.fha .uka lsug weh is; ;=<ska m%d:kd
l<d h' is,a ud;d ldhs weh ka fmdfrdkaf f.!rjh wdrlaId l< o"
wef.a iajdhdg jdy ;fha iodpdrd;aul uQ,sl isoaOdka; mjd /lSug
wmyiq jQ fyhska" Tjqkf.a jdy ;fha wkd.;h wk;=rg m;a h'
jia iSf wjika k lSmh <x fjoa" wef.a < mshjr l=ula
h hq;= oehs is;ka is,a ud;d ldhs fjfyfikakg jQjd h' kej;
fuu jdy ;hg fldgq ug wehg lsisfia;a wdYdjla we;s fkdjQ
kuq;a wef.a hKshf.a wkd.;h .ek weh lkiai,a,g m;a jQjd h' mqx
hKshg im j isug wehg jqjukdj ;snqK o" wjqre oyhla jhi we;s
wehj" wdrKHfha ;nd .ekSu l< fkdyels fohla nj o wehg jegyqKs'
.sysf.h w;er od" meKs flfkl=g" ;j;a oehla wdrKHh ;=< yod
jvd .ekSug lsis yelshdjla fkd;snqKs' wdrKHfha ms<sfh, jQ wdydr
m%udKj;a jQfha tys is whf.a hemSu i|yd muKs'
fuu fokd f.k fok is;s,s weh" i;s .Kkla ie,ls,a,g fhduq
lrka" l=ula l< hq;= oehs" l,amkd l<d h' tys wehf.a wdrKHh ;h
iy .Dy ;h hk f,dal folu ;u ffoksl ;hg inkaO lr
.; yels ne wehg jegyqKs' ujla f,i iy |la f,i wef.a hq;=l"
oyj,a ld,fha ksjfiys l< yels nj;a" rd;%s ld,fha wdrKHfha
Ndjkd lrka wef.a wdOHd;al wruqKq bgq lr .ekSug fjfyi oeh
wNsksIal%uKh ( fonr l+vqj weiaiqKs
yels nj;a wehg jegyqKs' fuu ie,iqu iodpdr iu;fhka neyer jqj
o" w;d;al jqj o" weh tfia lrf.k hEug wiykfhka jqj;a uykais
.;a;d h'
jia jiSu wjidk jQ kfha " is,a ud;d ldhs ;u ksji lrd
meKshd h' kuq;a weh wef.a iq is,a we w; fkd yehd h' tfia u
weh iudoka jQ YS,h mjdrKh lf<a o ke;' iiqka .; jQ is,a ud;djla
f,i .ska .gu isug wE ;SrKh l<d h' wef.a we;a; ;;aFjh
f,dalfhka ieug" l yeghla iy l idhla" ;u iq is,a we
u;= mska weka|d h' Woh jrej iy oyj,a jrej" weh ldhs hKsh
iu. .; lrka" f.a fodr jevm, iy wdydr msiS wdh l<d h'
rd;%s wdydrh ilia fldg fih u; ;nd" ljr ke.S taug m%:u
wdrKHh lrd hEug weh ie,iq l<d h' is,a ud;d ldhs" wef.a
iajdhd iu. rd;%s lEug ys| .;a; o Tyqg muKla wdydr fnod" weh
fkdld ishd h' weh wdrKHfha wka is,a ud;djka fuka oyj,a lEfuka
miq wdydr .ekSfuka je<lS" tu YslaId moh .gu wdrlaId l<d h'
is,a ud;d ldhsf.a rd;%s ld,fha ksjfia fkd /|Su" wef.a iajdhdf.a
fl%daOh W;aikak ug fya;=jla h' wef.a wuq;= yeisu .ek ksoyig
lreKq lSug Tyq wehg ;ckh lr" Tyq iu. tlg jd rd;%s lEu
lEug n, lf<a h' weh tu b,a,Su m%;slafIam l<g" Tyq fldamfhka
ke.sg wef.a w;ska ld w,a,d .;af;a h' w; .id oeuQ weh" Tyqf.ka
" f.fhka msh.eg fm< nei" ksjiska msg jkakg jQjd h'
nqkaud wef.a miqmi jkakg h' kuq;a jdikdjlg wef.a jeuy,a
ifydaorhd w;r u yuqjQ fyhska" Tyq wehg hkakg bv fok f,i"
nqkaudg wjjdo lf<a h' Tjqkf.a jdyh kdY jQfha hhs nqkaud fldamfhka
lE fudr fokakg h'
WUg wfma foafmd,j,ska fldgila kE jqfkd;a" ug reoaO j
ia;%sla uy Widfha kvqjla odmx hs lshka nqkaud lE .eiqfh' is,a
ud;d ldhs br nei hoa" .u yryd fjfyi fkd;ld .gu jkakg jQjd
h' wef.a f,!lsl ;fha wiS; la llfgd fokd .ek is;ka"
oe wiykhg m;a jQ weh" lsis kl ;u is,a we fkd .,jkakg ta
fudfydf;a ;SrKh l<d h'
69
70
is,a ud;d ldhs kej; wdrKHh fj; toa" wka ish is,a ud;djka
wE .ek w;sYfhka lkiai,a,g m;a isk njla fmkqKs' wehg isjQ
wlr;enh" Tjqkg ia;r lroa" fcHIaG is,a ud;d vex" tk uhs
vex" wehg neK jeKdh'
fudlgo Tn wdfhu;a iajd mqreIhd <g .sfha @ Tn lrkafka
fonr l+vqjla wjqiaikjd jdf.a jevla' mdvula bf.k .kak' .skaorg
w; la lrkak hkak tmd' Tf w; mspqfka ke;;a" Tn Tf wd;au
f.!rjh mqpd .kakjd
is,a ud;d ldhs" wef.a iajdhd iu. we;s ishu inkaO;d |
oeug ;ksju ;l l<d h' kuq;a wehf.a fidfydhqfrda" iajdhd iu.
we;sjQ wdrjq," ;u iajdhd iu. uq,ska i|d .ekSug uykais .; hq;=hhs
wef.ka b,a,d ishy' Tjqkg lSlre jQ weh" k lSmhlg miq kej; f.or
f.dia" Tjqkf.a jdyh inkaOj iajdhd iu. idlPd fldg iqiq
;SrKhlg taug uykais .;a;d h' kuq;a wef.a iajdhd lsis ;SrKhlg
t<ug leue;a;la fkd oela h' jdyfhka miq weh ,nd .;a ish,a,
u Tyqg whs;s h hq;=hhs Tyq ;rfha lshd isfha h' ;SrKhla .; hq;=j
;snqfKa" mdrml j wef.a foudmshka f.ka weh i;= jQ foafmd< .ek h'
oekgu;a ish,a, w;yer" .sysf.ka ksla u isk is,a ud;d ldhs yg" wE
i;= ish,a, nqkaud yg meju b;d iq fohla h' mqjla Y=oaO lsug wE
i;=j ;snQ l=vd msysh yer fjk lsisjla Tyqf.ka n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdjk
nj weh Tyqg mejiqjd h' fldamfhka lE .eiQ nqkaud" tu msys lE,a,;a
Tjqkf.a oEjeoao;a iu. ,enqK fohla fyhska th o whs;s jkafka Tyqg
nj fnyka foka lSh' tu m%;slafIam lsu;a iu u is,a ud;d ldhs"
wef.a .Dy ;hg imQKfhka u msgqmd wE i;= ishu f,!lsl jia;+ka
.ek lsis we,Sula fkdlr w;yehd h'
ish,a, ks.ukh l< miq weh hKshg ryfia l;d l<d h' wehf.a
is;g ord .; yels jk ;rug isjQ ish,a, wehg myod " Tjqkf.a
;j, mj;kh jgyd " tajd .ek bjiSfuka wjfndaO lr.kakd
yehg wdorfhka b,a,d ishd h' wudf.a wruqK jgyd .;a l=vd
ldhs" weh o wdrKHhg f.k f.dia fofokdu tlg j;a ug wysxil
j wjir b,a,ka ne.Em;a jQjd h'
wNsksIal%uKh ( fonr l+vqj weiaiqKs
is,a ud;d wdrKHfha kh fr.=,diSkag wkqj th l< fkdyels

fohla nj weh flfrys uy;a lreKdfjka fokd uqiq j ms<s;=re kakd
h' wE i;= ish,a, wef.a mshdg Ndr ka ksid" wehj yod jvd fmdaIKh
lsug wehg j;alula oekg ke;s nj weh mejiqjd h' tfuka u is,a
ud;d wdrKHh" l=vd <oehla yod jvd .ekSug iqiq ;ekla fkdjk
nj o mejiqjd h' is,a ud;d ldhs wehg wef.a mshd iu" f ld,fha
/ isk f,i b;d ikaiqka j tfy;a ;rfha lshd ishd h' wef.a mshdg
wehj n,d lshd .ekSug ish myiql yd im;a we;s nj mjid ta ish
u j;al yd foafmd, mrmrdfjka wehg whs;s jk nj o mejiqjd h'
weh jeh meKs miq f wdYdj tg o mej;sh fyd;a" wehg wud
iu j;aug wdrKHhg meKsh yels ne o mejiqjd h' wef.a wud
tk uq yoj;ska u wehj ms<sf.k" wef.a wdOHd;al ;fha .=rejh
ug o fmdfrdka jQjd h' wlue;af;ka jqjo" wudg lSlre j" ka wjjdo
ms<sf.k" mshd iu j;aug weh tl jQjd h'
la uqiqj l,amkd lrka is,a ud;d ldhs wdrKHh n,d msh ke.=jd
h' ish {d;Skaf.ka iy ys; ;=rkaf.ka iarj u wE;a hEug .;a
fuu ;SrKh .ek fyd| krl is;ka wE fika fika .uka l<d h'
tfia hk wehg isys jQfha ish rdclSh iem im;a yd jia;+ka w;yer
isoaOd: l=ure hfidaOrdj iy mq;a rdyq, ;kslr ud<s.dfjka msgj .sh
whqre h' Tyq foudmsh hq;=lj,g msgqmd .sysf.h w;yer tu wNS; .uk
msg;ajQfha" uq Yajh u .re l< YsIag wdh i;H Ouh wjfndaO fldg
bmu iy urKh wvx.= ixidr pl%h imQKfhka u kdY lsf
oDV wIaGdkfhks' inqoaO;ajhg m;a jQ nqrcdKka jykafia ishu
f,!lsl m;Hd.hkaf.ka Tng f.dia" ish u iuq;s Ouhka blau
jQ nqoaO;ajh idlaId;a l< fial' lska ksoyia jQ Wka jykafia wkka; jQ
i;a;aj ixLHdjlg lska ksoyia ug ud.h lshd ka fial' n%yauphd
fha wruqK uekka" lsis fjkila fkdue;s j is;ays OdrKh lr.;a
is,a ud;d ldhs" nqka jykafia .;a u. hEug w;s uy;a Wkkajlska
wIaGdk lr .;a;d h'
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72
Tf uki IKh lsug" mydKshg m;a lsug

.,d tk flf,ia m%jdyhka foi
uis,af,ka n,d iskak'
Tn /jug tajdg bv fkdfokak'
tu flf,iaj, yeisu ykd .ekSug
Tn olaI jqj fyd;a" tu wY=NjdoS Yla;Ska Y=NjdoS wdOHd;al Yla;Skag
fmr<Sug Tng yelsjkq we;'
oji mqrd j;=r weo weo''''''

is,a ud;d ldhsf.a t;r ;SrKh" ndka yqwdhs idhs .udkfha ldf.a;a
yeS wjqiaik fya;=jla h' fomdYjfha u j.lsj hq;= {d;Ska fuu
isoah .ek oe Iu woyia lshd mEy' j fkdx fkdx wdrKHfha
iiqka.; j is fndfyda ldka;dfjda o" fuu .udkhg kEl we;s
whjka neka" fuu l,ne.EKshg inkaO fkd isug fkdyels h'
Tjqka is,a ud;d ldhsf.a ;SrKhg tl jQy' je fokd wehg iydh
kay' fuu isoah" .f wkjYH mdm me;srhkag o wjldYhla ,nd
ka w;r" is,a ud;djkaf.a wdrKHh ;=<g .f m%Yak we;=ug wkjYH
f,i bka bv ie,iqKs' wdrKHh" .ug wdikakj msysgd ;snQ fyhska
bka je,lS isug o wmyiq h' lreKq flfia fj;;a .f .sys m%Yak
wdrKHfha wdOHd;al ikaiqka njg ydkshla fkdlr .ekSug" bfha
Bg iqiq ;SrKhla .ekSf wjYH;djh mek ke.=Ks' .sys m%Yakj,ska
wE;a u i|yd wdrKHh .fuka wE; fjk;a ;eklg f.k hd hq;= hhs
is,a ud;dfjda idlPd l<y' wdrKHfha fcHIaG is,a ud;dj jQ uhs
vex ud;dj" tu woyig tl jQjd h' .f lghq;= ksid wdrKHfha we;s
iduld jd;djrKhg ydkslr fkd jk fia rlska wdrKHh ia:dms;
h hq;= nj wef.a o woyi h'
wNsksIal%uKh ( oji mqrd j;=r weo weo''''''
wdpdh l mdka ysfhda j fkdx fkdx wdrKHfha fiakdikdm;s

jQy' Wkajykafia Ndjkdfjka is; hqKq lr .;a oe khlska hq;a"
Oq;dx. NslaIqjla jYfhka fndfyda fokdf.a f.!rjdorhg md;% jQ" wdpdh
lka;iSf,da ysf.a f.da, ys kuls' wdrKHfha kh" iqN idOkh iy
Y%djl Y%dldjkaf.a wdOHd;al .=K j.df j.lSu Wkajykafia i;=
h' .syshkaf.a m%Yak" wdrKH.; is,a ud;djkag ;ka n,md we;s fya;=j
ksid" is,a ud;d vex iy is,a ud;d hsx" fuu lreK wdpdh l mdka
ys iu. > j idlPd l<y' wjidk ;SrKh Wkajykafiaf.a h'
wdrKHfha NslaIQka yd is,a ud;djka iu. woyia yqjudre lr .ekSfuka
miqj" wdikakfha ljehl kj wdrKHhla blr tys jdih i|yd
hEug Wkajykafia ;SrKh l<y'
mQ .d lkao msysfha" l=vd ljehla jk mQ mdka ljefha md
uq,h' ndka yqwdhs idhs isg ie;mq yhla jhU foiska msysfha h' b;d
merKs w mdrj,a iy yrla lr;a; mdrj,a fuu l mduq,g jkdka;rh
yryd je ;snqKs' ;ekla fidhdf.k tu mdrj,a f.a flfkl=g hEu
Ialr ldhhls' by< ljeh" l.,a fy,aj,ska iuka; h' mj;
m%md;hka nyq, j msysgd ;snQ w;r Wig jevqKq WK mre Bg .Efjka
je ;snqKs' oYkSh l .,a m%md;" ljefha .g ;o Uqre mdka ys
.sh w;r" hKq fm| mdis tajdfha we,S mej;sKS' bhg fkrd .sh
iajdNdl j u ksudKh jQ .,a f,ka jeiafika yd ;o wfjka flfkl=g
wdrlaIdj ,nd Ks' uq," iqiq l= idod .ekSug l,a f,d .;jk
fyhska tf;la tu .,a f,kaj, NslaIQka iy is,a ud;djka ,e.= .;ay'
;djld,slj WK ngj,ska l=vd ueis ne| f;; fmdf<dj fkd.Efjk
f,i ilid .;ay' tla tla flkd" fjk fjk ia:dkj, idod .;a ueis
u; ksoka Ndjkd lrka jdih l<y' jeisls<s fkd ;snQ fyhska Tjqka
f,ka ixlSKh fl<jr ;u ;ukaf.a YrlD;H lf<a" .ia Wv is
jrka u;sfhka n,d isoa h'
uQ,sl wjYH;djh jQfha j;=r h' msis j;=r f.k taug meh Nd.hla
muK Ialr .ukla hdug ish' l folla w;ka my<g nei" .,amr
w;ka l mduq, we;s l=vd Tfhka j;=r f.k taug is h' ldf.a;a
73
74
tl;djh u; lksIaG is,a ud;djkag j;=r f.k taf ldh h Ndr

h' NslaIQyq iy wi, .jdiS f.dfhda kj wdrKHhg wjYH uQ,sl
blsj, ksr; jQy'
km;d yS,a odkfhka miq wfkla is,a ud;djka iu. j;=r f.k
tau i|yd is,a ud;d ldhs o iyNd.s jQjd h' ysia Ndck folla" ,Shl
fofldfka ne|" lola fia ilid j;=r f.k taf rdcldhg weh o
tl;= jQjd h' l mduq, Thg nisk ;=re" weh iSrefjka nEjq iys; .,a
w;ka .ia w;ka" idod .;a w mdr Tiafia m%fifuka .uka l<d h'
.,dhk Th bjqf oK .idf.k" Ndckj,g msis j;=r msfrk ;=re
weh i;=ka n,d ishd h' lo fome;af;a j;=r msreKq Ndck fol t,a,d
f.k" j;=r lo tla lrlg f.k kej;;a tu Ialr w mdfrka u lkao
ke." w;ska b fjk wdrKHhg wE mefKkakS h' .,a mr k.ska"
.ia .,a w;ka x.ka" lo iu nr j ;nd .kska" weo .;a j;=r l
m%fifuka wrKg f.k tkakS h' y;s ouka wrK fj; tk is,a ud;d
ldhs" fjfyi fkdn,d fofjks jrg o" j;=r f.k tau i|yd my<g
niskakS h' ;=ka jeks jrg o weh lkao k.skakS h' niskakS h' ;j;a
jrla'''' k.skakS h'''''''' niskakS h'
j;=r f.k tau w;sYhska fjfyilr ldhhls' km;d tlu taldld
fjfyi lr ke.Suls' neiSuls' weh lsis whqrlska miq fkdnei iEu
klu wehg wh;a j;=r weu bgq l<d h' wef.a uQ,sl wIaGdkfha lsis
fjkila we;s fkd jqKs' f,!lsl ;fha m;a wdOHd;al ;fha
l=i,a njg fmr,d .ekSug wgka lr.;a is,a ud;d ldhs" weh ;nk tla
tla mshjrla mdid nqoafOda nqoafOda lshka" isysfhka Wvg my<g .uka
l<d h' ol=Kq mh ;noa nqoa hkako" j mh ;noa fOda hkako lshka
i;sfhka .uka l<d h' wef.a yoj; Ydka; h' j;=r Ndck ieye,a
h' uykaish wvq h' j;=r f.k tau wehg b;d myiq ldhhla h'
yeu fudfyd;lu weh i;sfhka .; l<d h' iEu mshjrla u i;sfhka
;enqjd h'
is,a ud;d ldhsf.a fidfydhqfrda fofokd weh ne,Sug mQ
.d wdrKHhg b|ysg meKshy' wE f.k hk Ialr ;h oel
wNsksIal%uKh ( oji mqrd j;=r weo weo''''''
fidfydhqfrda fofokd mqu jQy' wehg Tjqkaf.a iydh ;sfnk

nj TjQyq wehg oekajQy' TjQyq fofokd o is,a ud;djkag j;=r weo
ug Wo jQy' tfia jqj;a NslaIQka yh fofkl=g;a is,a ud;djka mia
fofkl=g;a tu c,h m%udKj;a fkd h' wE |sk Ialr ;h gq
ifydaorfhda" wjidkfha wehg Tjqka iu. ndka yqwdhs idhs .ug kej;
tk f,i we,s lf<da h' Tjqka fofokd ;u ke.Ksh n,d.kakd
njg;a" wef.a wjYH;d imqrd fok njg;a fmdfrdka h' wef.a iajdhd
kej; jdyhla lrf.k" ldhs hKsh o legqj ksji o l=Kd fjk;a
m%dka;hlg mxhg .sh nj oekajQy' kuq;a is,a ud;d ldhs wef.a wdrKH
.; ;h fjkia fkd lr wdpdh l mdka ys iu Ndjkdfhda.S j
mQ .d lkao wdY%s; j jdih lsug bgd .;a;d h'
l kla .;fjoa wdrKHfha bls lghq;= flka l ksu
h' kuq;a c, m%Yakh W.% jkakg h' l mduq, Tfha isg km;d j;=r
by<g f.k tka" je l,la jdih lsug wmyiq ne ldg;a jegyqfKa
h' < md; j;=r W,am;a fiu o ksIaM, m%h;akhla h' c,h .ek
iqka jQ n,dfmdfrd;a;= we;s j" kla is,a ud;d ldhs oe wIaGdkhlska
Ndjkdjg ys| .;a;d h' mhxlfhka" l| fl,ska fldg jd jQ weh" ;u
yoj; ;=<g is; fhduq lrjka wIaGdkhla l<d h'
ug;a wdrKHfha wka whg;a .g u fuu wdrKHfha jdih lsug
jdikdj we;ak" f <md; c, W,am;a wmg yuq jkak ke'
weh fufia wIaGdkfhka hq;=j Ndjkdjg fhduq jQjd h' tk
ueh rd;%sfha weh .eUqre iudfhka msfooa W,am;a tfldf<dila we;s
oYkhla wehg ia h' tu W,am;a ;=re je,aj,ska" . ;K fld<j,ska
jeiS ;snqKs' weh fuu lkao wjg weo yqre mqre neka" fuu W,am;a
we;s bij weh Ndjkdj ;=<ska ykd .;a;d h' m%Odk f,fka isg tu
W,am;aj,g we;af;a b;d fl rla njo wE gq oiqfkka jgyd .;a;d
h'
miq k is,a ud;d ldhsf.a fkdbjis,su;a b,a,Su m wfkla is,a
ud;dfjda o W,am;a fiug mgka .;ay' m%Odk f,kg wdikakfha" weh
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76
oekajQ mu ;=re je,aj,ska jeiqKq W,am;a .Kkdjla yuqh' wdpdh

l mdka ys ,o wdrxfhka i;=gq j is,a ud;dfjda iy .uqka o tl;= j
j,a ys ;snQ W,am;a mdod Y=oaO lrkakg jQy' iuyr W,am;a w iaila
muK .eUqrg yE ;snqKs' u;=msg /|S ;snQ mdis fld< frdvq Y=oaO fldg"
ish,af,da u msis c, W,am;a mdod .;s' Y=oaO m;% lsu ksu jk g uq
wdrKHhg u wjqreoao mqrd lsis wvqjla fkdue;sj c,h we;s ;r ;sfnk
nj Tjqyq oek .;s'
77
ksiqka lg m;ajkafka
w;ykafka ke;sj ;ka w,a,d .kakd fyhsks'
iEySulg m;a fkdu" Tjqka miq mi"
hk hk ;ek yUd hhs'
Tn Tf yoj; foi iqmlaIdld j n,d
lg fya;=j fidhd th w;ykak'
i;HdjfndaO fodrgqj ;=<ska ''''

mQ .d l jefha .,a f,kaj, jdih lrk ld,fha" rd;%S ld,fha
Ndjkd lroa" fndfyda wjia:dj, wreu mqu wiajdNdl ixisoakag is,a
ud;d ldhs uqyqK mEjd h' tajd weh lsis kl w;a kqgq woaN+; oYkhka
h' .eUqre iudfhka ;rula msKq miq" wef.a uki wdOHd;al Yla;Ska
tlsfkl yryd hk" yqremqre f,djla lrd t<fUk nj wehg jegyqKs(
tu f,dal" N+; fm%a; ka fjfik .sKsh fkdyels ;r ;,hkaf.ka
iuka; h' fuu ;,hkays" fjfik we;e i;ajfhda" wre my;a
;,hkag wh;a lhla ke;s i;aFjhka h' fiiq ka Wiia ;,hkag wh;a
m%Ndiajr jQ jH n%yau f,dalhkag wh;a ka h' wef.a Ndjkd is; fufia
tjka ;,hkag fhduq u" wehj fjk;a Yajhlg we;= jk fia jD;
fodrgqjlg ;,a l<dla fuka wehg ye=Ks'
n, Yla;Ska folla fome;a;g wka wef.a wjOdkh ,nd .ekSug
;r. lrkakd fia wef.a yoj;g oekqKs' fuu wjia:dj wdpdh uqka
ykajd ;snqfKa Wmpdr iudh hkqfjks' f fudfyd; <d fjoa"
wehg fuu Yaj Yla;Skag f.dre f wjOdkh fndfyda fihska we;s
nj;a" fuu fodrgqfjka t<shg hEug m%:u" ;u is; oe tald.%;djhlska
78
md,kh lr.; hq;= nj;a Wkajykafia wk;=re wjd ;snqKs' tu wjjdoh

is,a ud;d ldhs ms<s.;a; o wka;rdodhl ;;a;ajhlg uqyqK f
t;rlu wE i;=j ;snQ fyhska" msg; ne,Sf l=;=y,h wehg j<lajd .;
fkdyels h'
weh tu fudfydf;a gq foa weh jYS l<d fuka u Nfhka rdka;
lf<a h' isrerla ke;s N+;fhda l;d lr;s' - iuyrla y~ka ,dm k.;s'
weh jglr .;a f we;af;da Tjqkag msysg b,a,d lE.ika" wf|dakd
k.ka" wdhdpkd lrkakg h' Tjqka l< lS foa ksid m;aj we;s f
la; ;;a;ajfhka Tjqkg wkqlmdfjka" uqojd .kakd f,i ne.Em;a
jkakg h' iuyrla ldr rEm iy rEmS udrhka fia iEKq N+;
rEm Tjqkg we,S ;snqKd fia wehg fmkqKs' fmr wd;auj, Tjqka i;= jQ
iuyrla rEm fldgia Nhdkl fmkqfuka hqla;j Tjqka miqmi mdfjk
wj;drhka fia we,S tk njla o fmkqKs' fuf;la ksu fkdjQ Tjqkaf.a
Nhdkl .= .ukl fuho tla fldgila ne ta ysiqKq oYkhka gq
wehg jegyqKs' f ish,af,da wef.a wjOdkh wkqlmdj lreKdj b,a,d
y~ka mskafiKavq jQy' wef.a wkqlmdj ,fod;a tu wkaOldr jf<ka
f.dv taug hka;kaj;a rel=,la ,efnkq we;ehs iuyr N+;fhda bs
l<y'
wef.a Ndjkd oYk m:hkag fndfyda wjia:dj, urKhg m;ajQ"
ysi l|ska fjkajQ ;sika i;=ka f.a N+; rEm ia h' Tjqka w;suy;a jQ
la fokd |sk nj;a thska w;a ug Tjqkg wef.ka mska lla ,nd
fok f,i;a b,a,ka ne.Em;a jQy' tla kla ueh rd;%sfha is,a ud;d
ldhs .eUqre iudfhka msfooa uE;l urkq ,enQ" {dkh muKla
we;s ysi l|ska fjka jQ yrfll=f.a oYkhla wE bfha ia h'
Wf.a ffojh .ek ,;fjka fokdfjka weh bfha lE fudr kafka
h' N+; wj;drhla fia wef.a oYk m:fha t,a,S is tu N+; iajrEmh"
Wf.a la; w;S; l;dj weh bfha jy jyd ixksfokh lf<a h'
is,a ud;d ldhs wef.a ukiska tu mKsvh Wrd .ksoa" .jhd Wf.a
whs;slrejd oreKq l=re ksfil= nj;a Tyq yojf;a lsis lreKdjla
ke;s" fikyila ke;s ksfil= nj;a mejiS h' Tyq ;u .jhd Wfoa
wNsksIal%uKh ( i;HdjfndaO fodrgqj ;=<ska''''
isg ijia jk ;=re u k.=f,ka iS iEug fyda lr;a;h weug fyda fhojQ
kuq;a ojfia nr jev ksu jQjdg miq W! flfrys lsis ie,lSula fkd
olajk nj lS h' tmuKla fkdj f lDDr ksid ks;ru W!g myr
fokak;a fkdfhla wdldrfha Yr jO nkaOk fokak;a mqre j is
kmqre ksfil= nj o lSfh' wka;sf f wysxil .jhd .ilg ysr
lr ne| l=re f,i >d;kh lr uig .;a nj o fokdfjka mejiS h'
uefrkakg l,ska jpfkka f;are .kakg ne;r oreKq fokd jO
ysxid kao nj oe ys;a fokdfjka hq;=j is,a ud;djg ixksfokh
lf<a h' ta oreKq ksid oejeka; fmd,a,lska ta i;df.a ysig tl .g
myr fokakg jQ nj;a wjg wyi fodaxldr fokak ;r uy yka lE
fudr ka nj;a isysika ke;sj u weo jefgk ;=re myr ka nj;a lSf
h' f l;dj lshk .jhdf.a isrerla ke;s {dkh f jk g;a
NS;sfhka ;e;s .kska Wf.a merKs .jrEm l,dmhkag we,S isfha h'
tfia rEmS iajrEmfhka iska is,a ud;d ldhsf.ka msx b,a,d ne.Em;a
jQfha h' fufia y~ka msx b,a,d iskafka u;= ksia wd;auhl bmug
bka yelshdjla we;ehs W! ;=< Yajdihla we;s fyhskehs o lSf h'
is,a ud;d ldhsf.a ldreKsl yoj; bfjka fuka ykd.;a ta .j
N+;hd W! wh;a i;aj j.hd fmdf |sk la fokd .ek .ska .g u
wehg ia;r lf<a h' l=Uqre jevg .kakd yrla fudk ;r ksidf.a
l=rel bjid ord ish hq;= oehs ia;r lf<a h' ksiqka Wka flfrys
lsis ohdkqlmdjla olajkafka ke;s nj oeka h' wksla ;sika i;a;=
o ks;ru jdf.a .jhdg fjkial lr;s' f.dfmd<j,aj, bkakd
i;=ka fkdfhla jo ysxid la fokd |ska fldmuK wf.!rjhkag
,lafjkjd o@ kuq;a b;du my;a ugf j;ajk kSp mam;a ksfil=j;a
tjka wf.!rjhkag md;% fkdjk nj o oe llska lSh' f lreKq ksid
.jhd u;= wd;aufha ksfil= ug oe leue;a;la olajk nj o
wjidkfha lshd isfha h'
ksidf.a l=rel inkaOj .jhd lS l;dj is,a ud;d ldhs
mqufhka wid ishd h' kuq;a wE okakd ykk .u wjg fjfik fndfyda
f.dfhda lreKdjka;" ;%YS,S wh nj fyd|ska okakd ksid" wehg tu
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80
l;dfjka we;sjQ ielh" Ndjkdj ;=<ska u .jhdg oekajQjd h' Wf.a

iajdhd lsis udkqIsl iodpdrhla fkd okakd" kmqre l=re ksfila nj
.jhd wehg oekajQfha h' .jhdf.a yoj; fl%daOfhka iy m,s.ekSfuka
hqla; fyhska l;dj lD;s lrkakg we;ehs wehg iel is;=Ks' iuyr g
.jhdf.a yeisu o fkdfydkd fyhska iajdhd W!g ysyer lrkakg
we;ehs o wehg is;=Ks' .jhdf.a whs;sldrhd W!g ;,kakg we;af;a
iuyr g iOdrK fya;=jlg jkak;a ms<sjka nj wehg ta;a;= .sfha h'
fuu woyia wef.a yoj; jD; fldg .jhdg ikaksfokh l<d h'
Tn ljod fyda wka wh isgjQ t<j ta f.j;=j,g je lEjd o@
l=Uqrej,g hdno j j.d l< t<j fldgq Tn ld kdY lf<a o@ f
.udkh wjg j;a jk ksiaiq lreKdjka; fyd| f.dfhda' Tn;a jer
lf<a ke;sk Tjqka Tng jO ysxid lrkafka fudlg o@ ug ysf;kafk
Tn;a jer jev lrmq ksid ta jdf.a o~qjula ,efnkak we;s lsh,hs' uu
y fka o@ hs weh ukiska uiqjd h'
.jhd tu m%Yakhg ka ms<s;=r is,a ud;d ldhsf.a yoj; ii,
lrh' uu ta foaj,a lf<a uf.a u fudavlu ksihs' uf.ka uq oji
;siafiau jev wrf.k udj l f,djlgj;a ;Kfld< lla lkak
;Kulg ksoyia lf<a keye' uf.a nv.skak uf.a f;fygqj ksid ug
lkak mqjka kEu .ila me<Ehla fldfya ;snqK;a uu lEjd' fudk
j.fha t<jjla jqk;a uu lsisu ie,lSula ke;sj ldf.k ldf.k .shd'
iuyr t<j j.djkag whs;slrefjla we;ehs fkao lsh,dj;a ug ys;=fka
keye' uu fydrlula lrkjd lsh,d ug fldfydugj;a ys;=fka keye'
nv.skak ksid lEjd' ksiaiq l;d lrk NdIdj uu oek ishdk uu ta
je/oao lsisodl lrk tlla keye' ksiaiq ;sika wmg jvd nqoau;a' ta
ksid ;sika wfma ckau .;s .ek ksiaiq g jvd wkqlmd lr,d iudj
fokak ke' ksiqkaf.a iodpdr imkak is;a ;a" ;sika jQ wms w;ska
levqfKd;a" ta we;af;d wmg wkqlmd lrkak tmdhe' tfyu ke;sj
Tjqkaf.a n,h md lr,d wmg ysyer lrk tl fyd| keyefk@
fyd|g yep iodpdr imkak ksfyla ta jdf.a ,cd ke;sj
yeisfrkafk keye' Tn lSjd jdf.a u f m<df;a fndfyduhla f.dfhda
lreKdjka; ;ekam;a ksiaiq' kuq;a uf.a whs;sldrhd" fgdx uy;a;hd

ukqIH iodpdrh fkd okakd uyd kmqre ji ksfyla' ta jeo.ulg
ke;s crd ksyd ysf;a f;;a .;shla ke;s iudj ula lreKdjla ke;s
Iag ksfyla' Tyq Tyqf.au j.hdg kmqrel lrk ksfyla' wms jdf.a
;sika i;=kag fldfydu i,lhs o@
l=vd l, isg u f.dfmd< i;=ka .ek" is,a ud;d ldhs yg ;snqfKa
yoj; m;=f,ka u mek ke.s lreKdjls' wE Tjqkaf.a t< yrl=kag iy
.jhkag f.or msiQ n;a l l lEug kakd h' tfia lEug " Wkaf.a
lkg ryiska fufia lSjd h' Thf.d,af,dkq;a wfma l=Uqf uykais fj,d
jev lrmq ksid n;a lkak Th f.d,a,kag;a whs;shla ;shkjd hs lshka
Wka lk foi n,d i;=gq jQjd h' f ksid f.dfmd< i;=ka wehg
wdorh l<d h' wE Tjqka .ek ie,ls,su;a jk nj tu i;a;= oek ishy'
.jhka wehg fld;r fldmuK ys;j;a jQjdoehs lshf;d;a Tjqkf.a
fn,af,a ne|s iSkqj le u jegqKq l,ays" wE <g j f.dia iSkqj
jegqKq ;ekg weh legqj f.dia" kej;;a th fn,af,a n|jd .kS' iSkqj
ke;su .jhkag ksoe,af,a yeisug bvla ,efnk lreKla jqj;a Wka
weh iu fifkfynr tluq;=lula we;slr .;s'
lreKq flfia fj;;a ;u iajdhdf.ka fyd| ie,ls,s ,enqj;a
Tjqka ;sika wd;auhkays W;am;a;sh ,nkafka" lu kHdhkag wkql+,j
la; ; .; lsu Wreu lr .;a wh nj is,a ud;d ldhsg ryila
fkd h'
fl%daOh iy m<s.ekSu .;s.d j bmug m%Odk fya;+ka nj is,a
ud;d ldhs oek ishd h' weh bhg meKs wjdikdjka; wuq;a;df.a
fldamh kso gq is,a ud;dj fl%daOh iy m<s.ekSu flfkl=f.a ukig
we;= lr .;a g thska we;sjk Nhdkl mdl .ek tu .j fjiska wd
N+;hdg b.ekakqjd h' tjka is;s,s we;su B< Njfha ksia wd;auhla
,eug ndOdjla jk nj o lshd Ks' Tyq ksia wd;auhla ,eug
we;af;ka u wfmalaId lrkafka k tu kdYld flf,ia md,kh
lr.; hq;= f'
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YsIag imkak ksfil=f.a ;fha moku mxp YS,h nj weh

tu N+;hdg myod kakd h' f N+; hdg kej; ksia wd;auhla
,eug lsish bv m%ia;djla we;af;a k" fuu uQ,sl is,a mo rlsk njg
fmdfrdka h hq;= ne myod Ks' Tyq i;=ka fkd ueh hq;=hs i;=kag
ysxid fkdl< hq;=hs fidrl fkdl< hq;=hs" wka whg wh;a foa fkd.;
hq;=hs ksiqkaf.a f.j;=j, j.d l< t<j jdf.a foa lduh jrojd fkd
yeish hq;=hs Tyq fndre fkd lsh hq;=hs Wjukdfjka wkqka fkd /
jh hq;=h u;ajk fj jk lsisjla mdkh fkd l< hq;=hs'
i;=ka uefuka" fidrl lsfuka" lduh jrojd yeisfuka" iy
fndre lSfuka wkqkg jrola lrkjd fia u ksiqka w;r wfkHdakH
iyfhda.h we;s lsf wjxlNdjh iy jD;Ndjh bka lv flf' u;a
jH iy ryfur .ekSfuka msis uki jid ouhs' by;ska lS jer lsug
myiq wdOdrlhla f' ludkql+,j nejfyd;a fuu l%shdjka ;sika
wd;auj," fm%a; wd;auj, krldj, Wmam;a;s ,eug fya;= f' .;s.d
j bmKq l<" |sk la w;suy;a h' wdOHd;al hqKqj we;slr .ekSug
we;s wjia:d ySk lrjhs' iq.;s.d W;am;a;s ,eug wjYH ixialdr
we;slr .ekSu W.yg f' tuksid mxp YS,h iudoka /lSfuka wmdhd
.;s.d ;,hkays bmfuka je<fla' ksia wd;auhla ,eug Wo f'
tksid Tn fufia mxp YS,h Y%oaOdjka; j /lSfuka iy jer is;s,s"
jer jpk" jer l%shd" fkdlr isfuka ksia wd;auhla ,eh yels hhs
we;af;ka u wfmalaId l< yelsh' fuu wd;aufha ne jqjfyd;a ,nk
wd;aufha yelsjkq we;'
n,dfmdfrd;a;= iqka jQ tfuka u kdYhg m;a jQ N+;hd .ek uy;a
jQ wkqlmdjlska is,a ud;d ldhs tu N+;hdg wef.a mska iy l=i,a
wkqfudaoka lrug is;=jd h' wju jYfhka tu mqKH c ksia wd;auhla
,nd.ekSug h ;rkaj;a Tyqg Wmldr f hhs weh is;=jd h'
ud tl;= lr .;a l=i,ao" mska Tng wkqfudaoka lr" wkqfudaoka
fjd ta fya;=fjka Tf hym;a l%shdjka wdrlaId fldg fuu wd;auh
fmdaIKh lr" iq.;s.d wd;auhl bmug wjYH wdOHd;al .=KOu
jefvk ud.hg fhduq ug Tng fya;= jdikd fjd
is,a ud;d ldhsf.a W;a;u YS,h .ek w;sYhska Woaoduhg m;a jQ

.jhdf.a ysi l|ska fjka jQ wj;drh" ta N+;d;auh Wka is;k m;k fyd|
wd;auhl bmug oeka jdikdj ,enqfKa hhs i;=gq is;ska m%fndaOj;a j
wef.ka fjka fkd fmkS .sfha h'
miq k whu .udkfha flfkl= le|jd" fmr k rd;%sfha wE w;a
gq ixjdoh .ek ryfia Tyqg ia;r fldg wi, .udkhl fgdx keue;s
mqoa.,fhl= iskafka oehs uiS h' Tyqg .jfhl= isfha o hkak;a"
W!g l=ula is o hkak;a fidhd n,d okajk f,i Tyqg oekajQjd h'
fgdx kue;af;l= ishfyd;a Tyqg fuu uiSu .ek lsisjla fkd lshk
f,i o wjjdo l<d h' tfia wdrx jqjfyd;a Tyq wmlS;shg m;ajQfha
hhs is;d" wE .ek mdm is;s,s we;slr ;j;a m Tyq islr .kq we;ehs
weh h jQjd h'
is,a ud;dj tu .jeishdf.ka wod< ia;rh uiQ jyd u" fgdx
kue;af;l= ;ud j;ajk .f iskd nj;a Tyq fyd|ska ykk nj;a
wehg lSf h' Bfha rd;%S f fgdx keue;s ksid Tyqf.a .jhd .il
ne| uerE njo Tyq okakd ne lSf h' ta wirK i;d urK fokdfjka
lE .eiQ ,dmh uq .ug u weiqK nj;a Tyq lSf h' .jhd uerejdg
miqj Tyqf.a ;=rkag f,dl= idohla mj;ajd" Wf.a yrla uia neo ix.%y
l< nj;a ms<sl=f,ka lSf h' Wfoa mdkaor jk ;=reu ta idoh ;snqKq nj;a
iyNd.s jqKq ksiaiq u;a meka lE flda .ika iskdfika fkdao
jQ nj;a mejiS h'
fujka mdmsIag l%shd is,a ud;d ldhsf.a is; fYdalfhka ii, lr
h' ord .; fkdyels ;rf is;a fokdj" wehg fm!oa.,slj we;s jQ
udkisl mSvdjla f,i wehg oekqKs' ksia j.hd Wreu fldg we;s
iodpdrd;aul Yajdihg fdays jQ Tyq wef.a u mqf;l= f,i wehg
oekqfKa h' wmrdOlrejd iy urKhg ,la jQ i;d" ;ekska ;ek jka
jr f ixidr pl%fha fpdaokdj iy m<s.ekSu" lDDr;ajh iy fldamh
hk flf<iays .ef,ka" bmsfoka uefrka lerls lerlS .;s.d
wre wd;auhkays ieirkq we;' urKhg ,la jQ .jhdg we;s tlu
ms<sirKh" Wf.a isf;ys yg.;a fl%daOh iy ffjrh w;yer wka whf.a
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84
mqKH l%shd oel i;=gq uhs' N+; fm%a; wd;auhkag mqKHl%shd lsug
yelslula fkd ;snqK o wka whf.a mqKH l%shd wkqfudaokd fuka
hym;la jk njg ;ud ;=< Yajdihla we;s lrf.k i;=gq h yel'
h .sh .jhd is,a ud;d ldhs iu im inkaO;djhla we;s lr
jdisodhl Wm;lg uq, msref h' ixidrfha fuf;la ieirk i;a;ajfhda
f isoaka .ek fYaI wjOdkhla fhduq l< hq;= f' YS,h m%;slafIam
lrk" YS,fha fkd msysgk" uQ,sl ixjr YS,h /lSu meyer yk kEu
flfkl=g fujka ;;a;ajhlg uqyqK mEf wjodku we;'
85
idudkH ;sifkl= jdf.a

ksl ld,d ,d ksod .kak tmd
f,!lsl ;fha iem im;a |Sug we;s wdYdfjka
tajd miq mi fkd jkak ys;g .kak'
B< wd;auh" flfia h yelsoehs idOdrK ielhla we;slr .kak'
Tf ;fha
w hg .skaor fuka fifuka oe oe
;sfnk .sks f.dv foi
w,i j jd kslrefKa n,d fkdiskak'
j,a W!rd
is,a ud;d ldhs N+;hka fm%a;hka iu" tk ksia weig
fkd fmfkk ka iu ksiqka l;d lrk NdIdfjka fkdj" iEu
i;a;ajfhl=g u fmdf Wkaf.a is;aj,ska l;d l< yels {dk NdIdfjka
l;d lsug yelslula oelajQjd h'
Tjqkf.a {dk Odrdj ;=<ska Tjqka wfmalaIs; wruqK wvx.=
is;s,s iy yeS ;j flfkl=g oekaf Yla;sh we;' fuh ksia
{dkfhka" flfkl=g oekah hq;= woyig mj;kh tla;rd
,dihlska ikaksfokh jk l%uhls' {dk Odrdjlska kslaujk
tla is;s,s ;rx.hla fYaIs; wre;la yd wjYH;djhla ilid wejeis
mqoa.,hdg ikaksfokh lrhs' th ksjer msis mKsvhla jkq we;'
;j flfkl=f.a oekSu wvx.= {dk Odrdjla iu fuu is;s,s ;rx.h
fokh jQ g" ikaksfokh ,nd .kakd {dkhg brd u nqoau;a
woyila fyda mKsvhla imQKfhka tuska okajd isf yelshdj
we;'
jdl fkdjk fuu ixjdo l%uh" Wmfhda.s lr.kska is,a ud;d
ldhs msh weig fkdfmfkk N+; wuq;a;ka iu Tjqkf.a l;dj,g
86
ijka foka Tjqkf.a w;S; isoaka .ek m%Yak l<d h' wehg jqjukd
lf<a Tjqkg Wo lsuhs wehg l< yelsj ;snqfKa wef.a ; ld,h
;=< wdOHd;al j tl;= lr.;a ish mska yd Ndjkdfjka ,;a l=i,a
Tjqkg wkqfudaoka lsuhs' tfia mska wkqfudaoka fuka hym;a M, fk<d
.ekSu Tjqka i;= fohls'
is,a ud;d ldhsf.a iud is; ;=<ska ;j;a woaN+; oYkhla w;aoelSug
wehg yels h' urKhg m;a ysi l|ska fjka jQ j,a W!frl=f.a {dkh
N+; iajrEmhlska wef.a Ndjkd oYk m:hg fhduq h' mQ .d lkaog
;rula wE;ska ;ksj u wdydr fidhka jkfha Tn fudn yeisfroa" .f
ovhlaldrfhl= w;ska f W!rd ureuqjg m;a j we;' jk i;=ka j;=r
ug ks;ru tk hk h l;a;la imfha f ovhlaldrhd ie isg
tu i;d urd we;'
kla whu" ysre ke.Sug m%:u is,a ud;d ldhsf.a oYk m:hg
ksrdhdifhka u j,a W!frl=f.a N+; rejla ue fmkqKs' fujka oiqka
oel mqre weh jydu wef.a {dk Odrdj W!rd fj; fhduq fldg ;ud
yuqug meKs fya;=j uiqjd h' ;ju;a fha .efyka" f.d; .ika
melsf<ka W! l;dlrkakg h' vq kue;s ovhlaldrhd" W! h l;a;
foig toa uerE nj lSf h' h l;a; <g toa ovhlaldrfhl=f.ka
;ukag wk;=rla ug bv lv we;ehs ielhla we;s fkdjQfha ukao
hkak;a tfuka u m%fi fkd jqfKa ukao hkak;a weh Wf.ka m%Yak
l<d h'
iEu fudfyd;l u ovhlaldrhkaf.ka fnfyka m%fi ug W!
ks;r u fi,af,ka bkakd nj wehg ne.Em;a fjka lSf h' Wkaf.a
j;a u r|d mj;skafka tfia uis,af,ka ishfyd;a muKla nj W!rd
lSf h' jki;=kaf.a ; w;sYfhka Ialr jQ is;sh fkdyels ;r
.egj,g uqyqK fok" oeh fkd yels ;r la; jQ tlla nj lS h'
iajNdjOufha ohdkqlmdj u; mQK Yajdih ;nd" jkdka;rfha jdih
lrk j,a W!rka iEu fudfyd;l u j;a jQfha fhka yd ielfhks'
Wkaf.a ; iajNdj Oufha mhdihkag ksrka;rfhka ,la kdY
jkakls' ovhlaldrhkaf.a iy W.=,a wgjkakkaf.a urKSh ;ckhkag
wNsksIal%uKh ( j,a W!rd
o fldhs fudfydf;a ,la ffoda hk fhka iy ;%difhka f i;=kag

j;aug is we;' jir .Kkdjla ;u ; /l.kska f W!rd
j;a jqj o wjidkfha f ovhlaldrhdg f.dre ug is h'
kej; jrla jk if;l= j bmug bvlv we;ehs hk h ;udg
we;s nj j,a W!rd is,a ud;d ldhs yg lSf h' Yajdi lrkakg ne
;r ksrka;r Nhlska yd ielhlska o oe la fokd lkaordjlg ue
fjka o kej;;a jk if;l= fia j;a jkak is f hhs ;ud w;sYh
Nhska isk nj W!rd fj,ka lSf h' W!frl=g lsiskl flfhka
isugj;a hla iella ke;s j isugj;a fkdyel' kej;;a ;sika
if;l= j bmu fkd je<elah yels hhs oek hg m;a W!rd is,a ud;d
ldhs yuqjg meKsfha wef.a YS,fha iy l=i,a n,fhka mska wkqfudaoka
" ukqIH wd;auhla ,nd .ekSu i|yd uykais ughs' W!re fjiska ue
is N+;hd iq.;.d wd;auhla ,eug W! i;=j m%udKj;a l=i,a iy
mska tl;= fkdue;s ne oe fYdalfhka mejiS h' jkdlka hq;a
lsisjla wehg u i|yd W!rd ika;l j fkd ;snqKs' kuq;a Bfha rd;%S
fj ld uereKq Wf.a w;a msis uia muKla b;s j we;sne W! oek
isfhah' W!rdf.a {dk Odrdj ;=<ska" W!rd ;u uia j<|k f,i is,a
ud;d ldhsf.ka b,a,d isfha h' t;=hf.a W;= wdOHd;al jk
rgdj bhg f.k hEu i|yd Yla;su;a Yrhla we;slr .ekSug ta uia
W! flfrys wkqlmdfjka j<|k f,i b,a,d isfha h' tfia ;u uia
oka fuka W!g l=i,a /ia lr .ekSug yelsjkq we;ehs o oeka h'
fmr k ;udg fj ;nd uerE ovhlaldrhdf.a" mjqf,a idudlhka
ta uia ms<sfh, lrf.k yS,a odkh i|yd miqk WoEik f.k taug
ksh; nj W!rd wehg oekajQfha h' tfia f.fkk uia W! flfrys
wkqlmdfjka j<|k f,i;a" tu udxY odkh u;= Njfha ukqIH wd;auhla
,nd .ekSug ;r l=i,a tla /ia lr .ekSug yels odkhla jk njg
;ud ;=< Yajdihla we;s nj;a oeka h' ;udg jqjukd lrkafka ;u
Yrfha fyd| u uia l is,a ud;djg mQcd lsug nj;a" kuq;a ksiqka
iajNdjfhka u f,daN iy.; fyhska fyd| uia l ovhlaldrhdf.a
f.or ;nd b;sh wdrKHhg f.k taug bv we;s nj;a W!rd je rg;a
wehg oeka h'
87
88
wE bhg meKs tu wuq;a;d l< b,a,Su wid is is,a ud;d

ldhs u;sfhka jYS jQjd h' jir .Kkdjla Ndjkd l< o h .sh
;sifkl=f.a {dkhla ;u Yr udxY mQcdlr mska n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk
wjia:djlg weh lsis kl uqyqK md fkdue;' W!rd m;a we;s wirK
;;a;ajh i,ld n,d yojf;a Wmka oe wkqlmdfjka ffu;%s lsrK
tu N+; iajrEmh fj; fhduq fldg ksYaYo j tu odkh ms<s.kakd
njg wefjd h' is,a ud;d ldhs j,a W!rdg odkfha wdksYxi myod "
hym;a l=i, l%shdjkaf.ka ,nk hym;a m%;sM, .ek i;=g m< l<d h'
.;s.d j Wmk iEu i;a;ajfhl=g u mxp YS,fhka ,eh yels hym;a
mdl myod kakd h' tu YS,h ksia wd;auhla ,eu i|yd uQ,sl moku
jk nj;a" is; lh jpkh yslaujd .ekSu i|yd fuu mxp YS,h iudoka
rlsk f,i weh" W!rdg ;rfha wjjdo kakd h' j,a W!rdf.a isf;ys we;s
ksia wd;auhla ,ef wdYdj u,a m, .ekaug weh wef.a YS,dksYxi
iy l=i,a wkqfudaoka lrjk nj ikaksfokh l<d h' is,a ud;dj ;ud
flfrys ;enQ Yajdih .ek w;sYhska i;=gq jQ j,a W!rd wef.a wdYSjdo
fya;=fjka ;udg msgqjy,la fh hk Yajdifhka iy f.!rjfhka wef.ka
iuqf.k fkd fmkS .sfha h'
miqk mdkaor ysre ke. t;a u m%Odk Yd,djg tla /ia jQ NslaIQkag
iy is,a ud;djkag tu Yauhckl ia;rh ikaiqka j lSjd h' j,a W!rdf.a
imQK l;dj;a Wf.a ldreKsl b,a,Su;a is,a ud;dj Tjqkg meye,s j
ia;r l<d h' ta woaN+; fYdalS l;dj wid ovhlaldrhdf.a mjqf,a Woh
W!re uia yS,a odkhg f.k wdfjd;a" tu ;sikdg wkqlmdfjka tu uia
ms<s.kakd f,i b,a,d ishd h' ;sikdf.a Wodr udxY odkh W! flfrys
f.!rjfhka ms<sf.k j<|k f,ig;a tu W!rdg ksia wd;auhla ,nd
.ekSug yels fjd hhs m%d:kd lrka mska wkqfudaoka lrk f,i;a
weh /ia jQ yeuf.ka b;d lreKdfjka b,a,d ishd h'
yS,a odkhg f,dj <xfjoa ovhlaldr vq uy;df.a | wdrKHh
fj; meK f;f,ka neo ilia lrk ,o W!re uia wdpdh lmdka iy
wfkla NslaIQka jykafia,dg f.!rjfhka ms<s.ekajQjd h' Wkajykafia,d
tu W!re uia ,enqKq l%uh .ek uioa" ovhlaldrhdf.a | tu uia
,enqKq wdldrh lsisjla fkd ijd meye,s l<d h' is,a ud;d ldhs
wNsksIal%uKh ( j,a W!rd
l< ia;rh wl=rgu ksjer nj ldg;a jegyqKs' tu wjdikdjka;

;sikdf.a la fokd h wdldrhlska fyda ;=kS fjd hhs wkqlmdfjka
yd ffu;%sfhka is;d tu udxY odkh ms<s.;ay'
;Kaydj" urKh yd kej; bmug inkaO lreKla nj;a ta
fya;=fjka ksula ke;s la fokd ;j,g ,ndfok nj;a is,a ud;d
ldhs oek .;a;d h'
f,daNfhka uki mqrjd .;a ksiaiq oafIfhka fm<UqKq ksiaiq
tfia u ;u ;ukaf.a luhka ksid fudayh kue;s uyd iuqfha
ms<sirKla fyda wruqKla fyda ke;sj msyskk ksiaiq wehg uqK.eiS
we;' .;s.d my< {dk ;,hkays isr isk i;a;ajhka yg wjYH jQ
;kays" /l.;a YS,hla fkdue;' /ia lr.;a mskla fkdue;'
fmr wd;auhkays tu N+;hka ksia wd;aufhys bmso ish
mrd:ld j oka ke;' YS,fhka ,eh yels wdrlaIdj .ek lsis
;elSula lr ke;' ukqIHd;aufhys ish Tjqka ;u wkd.;h i|yd
mska /ia lr .ekSug wfmdfydi;a j we;' tksid urKh;a iu wre
wd;auhkays bmso mska /ia lr.ekSug wfmdfydi;a j la |s;s' fufia
mska /ia lr .ekSug fkd yels j wf iskd N+;fhda" fm%a;fhda"
msidpfhda mskla lr lshd .ekSug fkd yels j wirK j wka whf.ka
msysg m;;s' ukqIHd;aufha j;a jk YS,jka; ksiqka ;u is; lh jpkh
ixjr lr .kska" /ia lr.kakd mska fuu wukqIHhka yg wkqfudaoka
lsug wfmdfydi;a jqjfyd;a" Tjqka iq.;s.d ;,hl bmug fkdyels
j w;rux jkq we;' tu la; wd;aufha wfkalO la fokd |ska
Tjqkf.a lu Yla;sh f. hk ;=re fyda tu ms<sl=,a wd;auNdjfha wdhq
ld,h ksu jk ;=re fyda la lkaordjlg ue j;a ug isf' f
N+;hka is,a ud;d ldhs yg fmkqfKa" whdf,a fjk i;a;aj fldGdihla
yehg h' .yla fld<hla ke;s uy fmdf<djla ke;s wjldYhl ksoe,af,a
md md hk" lsis yslrefjla fkdue;s ;uka we;sl< la .skaorj,
oefjka ieirk N+; msila yehg h' ;ud iska lrk ,o wl=i,
l%shd fya;=fjka Wod lr.;a wjdikdjka; ;;aFjhkays lska j;a fjoa
Tjqka |sk wkka; jQ la fokd llfgd yuqf fld;ekl bmK;a
l ke; hk yeSu we;s jkq we;'
89
90
ish {dk Ih m:hka iy

ish i;a;ajhka isf;ka wdrN f'
tfyhska Tn Tf is; foi
oe wjOdkhla fhduq lsu
b;du;a u fhda.H h'
t;ek oS Tng uq Yajh u yuqjkq we;'
l jefha N+;d;au
wdpdh l mdka ysf.a kdhl;ajh hgf;a mQ .d lkafoys
wdrN l< wdrKHh b;d Wiia wdOHd;al mirhlg m;a hqKq h'
NslaIQka jykafia,d iy is,a ud;dfjda oe lemulska yd Wkkajlska
Ndjkd mqyqKqfjys ksr; jQy' wdpdh l mdka ys b;d m%isoaO
luGdkdpdhjrfhla jQ wdpdh id hgf;a uyK o msrE ys kuls'
;u .=rejrhd fia u wdrKHfha tfkod lghq;= oe Wkkajlska bgq
lf<a h' mQ .d lkao wdY%s; j j;a jQ yefudau ifydaor nefuka neKq
ish,af,da iu.s j jdih lrk mirhlg Wreu lsjQy' NslaIQka jykafia,d
iEu WoEikl u msKavmd;h i|yd jk oYkh is;a ikik oiqkla
h' is,a ud;dfjda wdrKHfha kej;S t<suyka l=iaisfha yS,a odkhg .ekSu
i|yd wu;r n;a jHxck iq m%udKhla msiqfjdah' wdrKHhg msfik
fodrgqj imfha . nxl=jla blr ;snqKs' is,a ud;dfjda ta wi, fm<g
isg f.k Tjqka ms<sfh, l< wu;r wdydr msKavmd;fha f.dia jk
NslaIQka jykafia,df.a md;%j,g ms<s.ekajQfjdah' m%Odk Yd,djg tla/ia
jk iajdka jykafia,d ksy~ j ;u fcHaIaGFjh wkqj wiqka f.k yS,a
odkh j<|;s' Wkajykafia,d oka j<|d wjika jQ miq j wdYSjdo ,nd is,a
ud;dfjda ;u wxYfha oka Yd,djg f.dia oka j<|;s' NslaIQka jykafia,d
wNsksIal%uKh ( l jefha N+;d;au
oka je< miq ;u md;% fidaod msis lr fyd|ska f,d fr wdjrKhlska

jid mfilska ;ekam;a lr;s' is,a ud;dfjda o wdydr ms<sfh, l< Ndck
ish,a, fidaod msis lr ilid ;ekam;a lr l=iaish o fyd|ska msiod
msis lr;s'
Wfoa rdcldka ksu l< miq wdrKHhfha iefjdu ;u ;ukaf.a
l=j,g f.dia yqol,dj ys|ska fyda ilaukska fyda ;u Ndjkd mqyqKq
wdrN lr;s' iji y;rg mejf;k nqoaO jkaokdjkag ld,h t<fUk
;=re Tjqkf.a l= wdY%s;j we;s le,fha ld,h .; lr;s' l;sld lr.;a
f,djg bka msg;g tk Tjqyq wdrKH N+h w;=m;= .d msis lr;s' bka
miq iduQysl j h l;s lrd f.dia j;=r /f.k ;a l,ska ms,sfh,
lr.;a ;ekays ;enQ Ndckj,g j;=r mqrj;s' fuu j;=r ug" md fiaug
md lrkq ,nhs' md;% fiaug iy wdydr msiSug md lrkq ,nhs'
blaukska h kd .kakd NslaIQka iy is,a ud;dfjda Tjqkf.a Ndjkdjkag
fhduq fj;s' Ou idlPd fkd flfrk rd;%Skays fndfyda ? jk ;=re
Ndjkd fldg kskaog h;s'
idudkHfhka i;shlg jrla i;r fmdah jefgk khka ys wdpdh
l mdka ys wdrKHfha yefudau /ia lr" tu khka ys ysre nei
h;a u nqoaO Ou ix>" ;%sO r;akfha .=K wka;.; jkaokd .d:d
iduQysl j iCOdhkd lr;s' nqoaO jkaokd .d:d y~ flfuka ;=kS hoa"
wdpdh l mdka ys Ndjkd mqyqKqj ms<sn| j wdoYj;a Ou foaYkdjla
mj;ajkafka h' tu OufoaYkdfjka miq Ndjkd mqyqKqf .eg iys;
;eka iel iys; ;eka .ek uid Bg iqiq ms<s;=re Ndjkdj bhg
f.k hd hq;= whqre ish f.da,hkg Wkajykafia lreKdfjka myod kay'
.eUqre fm!oa.,sl m%Yak u;= jQ g Wkajykafia kEu myiq f,djl
yuq .eg ksrdlrKh lr .ekSug wjir ;snqKs'
wdpdh l mdka ys mj;ajdf.k .sh Ndjkd ms<sfj; Wkajykafia
hgf;a is ldf.a;a is;a m%fndaOj;a lf<a h' Wkajykafiaf.a lreKq jgyd
u Ydka;h tfukau ldreKsl h' w,afmaP .;s ,laIK we;s Wkajykafia
b;d ir, j wjYH lreKq myod kafka h' Wkajykafia f.a wdOHd;al
mqyqKqj iy W;= YS,jka;Ndjh iajdka jykafiaf.a ;ekam;a Ydka;
91
92
uki ms<sUq lf<a h' tfuka u iud Ndjkdf O isoaOdka; .ek

ukd wjfndaOhla Wkajykafiag ;snqKs' f yelshdj fya;=fldg f.k
Wkajykafiaf.a udkisl hqKqj is,a ud;d ldhsf.a wNHka;r yelshdjka
yd ixikaokh l< yels h' Wkajykafiaf.a uki b;d myiqfjka .eUqre
iudhg fhduq N+; f,dalfha fndfyda i;a;ajhka yd inkaO ug
yelshdjla ;snqKs' Wkajykafiaf.a .=reyrel is,a ud;d ldhsf.a l=i,;d
hqKqlr .ekSug;a iud Ndjkdf fkdfhl=;a wdYaphj;a ikaia:dk
ykd .ekSug;a m%fhdackj;a h' wdpdh l mdka ysf.a u. fmkau
ms<sn| weh Wkajykafiag lD;{ jQjd h'
mQ .d llr wdrKHhfha .; l< wjqre .Kk wehf.a Ndjkd
mqyqKqf m%;sM, ,enQ ld,hhs' wre N+; f,dalhg msis iEu wjia:djl
u tu fm%a; wd;au .ek fYaIs; oekSula weh ,nd.;s' wdpdh l mdka
ysf.a Wmldrfhka .;s.d fm%a;d;au inka; O isoaOdka;hka
.ek ukqIH {dk m:hg wiq fkdjk iSudjka lrd hdug o yels
l=i,;djhka ;j je hqKq lr .;a;d h' fuu w;aoelS w;sYd,h'
Oh' kuq;a fuu wdOHd;al Yajh ;rKh lsfuka weh lsis kl
fjfyig m;a fkd Ks' iuyrla N+; ixOdk ksia ixOdk fuka
ilia j we;s ne fidhd.;a is,a ud;d ldhs mquhg m;a h' b;d
meye,s fjkial we;s f whdf,a yeisfrk tla tla N+; ixOdk
tla kdhlfhla hgf;a md,kh f' Tyq Tjqkaf.a iqNidOl lghq;=
.ek fidhd n,ka Wka w;f iduh mj;ajdf.k hhs' fndfyda l=i,a
/ial< uq;a fmr wl=i, luhla yisfhka mdl fuu wre fm%a;
f,dalfha bm la |sk N+;fhda o olskakg we;' fuu is,ajka; N+;fhda
m /ialr.;a wksla N+;hka w;r Tjqkf.a l=i,uh n,h fmkaj;s' N+;
iudcfha hym;a foa lr ,efnk M, mdl whym;a foa lr ,efnk M,
mdlj,g jvd fndfyda n,imkak h' tfll= i;= YS,fha n,fhka u
muKla Yd, N+; iud.ula md,kh l< yel'
N+; ixOdk l=, u, fNaohkaf.ka fjka fkdue;s ne o is,a
ud;d ykd .;a;d h' tla tla N+;hdf.a lu mdl Yla;sh wkqj Tjqkf.a
Wia my;al fnKq w;r th Tjqkf.a md,k jHqyh ;rfha ms<smk
l%u fohls' ukqIHhka fia fjk fjk fya;=ka u; mQj ksYaphka

u; ;SrK fkd .kS' fm%a; f,dalfha tla tlaflkdf.a iudc ug
tlsfkldg fjkia jkqfha Tjqkf.a w;S; lu M, mdl wkqj h'
iuyr kl N+; f,dalfha m%Odkshd fm%a;hkaf.a jk ;;a;ajhka
fmkajka is,a ud;d ldhs Wkaf.a f,dj jgd /f.k .sfha h' N+; f,dalfha
o ria;shdldrhka isk ne wehg meye,s lf<a h' l,flda,dy, lrk
krl fm%a;fhda jglr w,a,d tla fldgil isrlr ;n;s' ksiqka tjeks
ia:dkhlg isrf.h hhs k lr we;' isrf.g he fm%a;fhda kSp yoj;a
we;af;da nj N+; m%Odkshd lSf h' Wka l< jrog wkqj ta ta fm%a;hd
isrlr ;nk ne o Tyq lSf h' fyd| yeisula we;s wh Tjqkf.a lu
mdl ksu jk;=re idudkH ; f.k .shy' fuu N+; fm%a; wj;dr hk
k ksiqka iska yod .;a k njo fuu N+; fm%a; wj;dr hk kj,ska
ykajkafka Yajfha isk O ka w;r tla;rd {dk iajrEmhla
muKla njo lS h' tla tla N+; fm%a; fldGdi tla tlaflkdf.a lu
mdl wkqj kd kd {dk iajrEmhkaf.ka iuka; j fmkS is'
foaj {dkh ldu Njfha j;a jk" lu kHdh wkqj md,kh jk
tla;rd j iajNdjhls' is,a ud;d ldhsf.a iud Ndjkdj fjk;a Wiia
f,daflda;a;r oYk m:hkag o wehj inkaO fldg ykajd Ks' iuyr
gl wef.a {dkh lfhka .s,syS bj;g hhs' tfia bj;g hk wef.a
{dkh kd kd jH f,dal iy O j.fha n%yau f,dal wd ;,hkays
.fYkhl fhfohs' weh foaj kka ykajk b;d ishq j ilia jqKq
O woaN+; ka yuqug o .shd h'
fuu foaj kka ykajk j fldGdih" jHuh wdm;Hhl
w;sYfhka ishq jQ msis ;;a;ajhlska fmr hym;a lu mdl fya;=fjka
jdikdjka; j m%S;sfhka fjfik j fldgils' weh N+udg fojre yuq
jQjd h' tk-.iaj,g" jkdka;rj,g ;=rejj,g w.Dys; wdf,dalj;a
fojreh - fudjqka mD ;,hg w;sYfhka we,afuka inkaO jQ ka
ksid tfia bm we;' fuu fojre idudkH ukqIH weig fkd fmkqK o
is,a ud;d ldhsf.a jeig Tjqka meye,s j fmkqKs' fuu foaj fldGdih
yeu fudfyd;lu bkashhka mskjka i;=ka ;Dma;su;a j yeisfrk j
93
94
fldgila f,iska is,a ud;d ldhs gqjd h' fuu w;sYh m%S;su;a ia:djrh
Tjqka /ia l< mska fya;=fjka ,o ;;a;ajhka h' fudjqka ksiqka j ish
fndfyda mska /ia lr is,a /l" Ndjkd lr tl;= lr.;a l=i,aj, mdl
fya;=fjka ,o jH wd;auhka h' f foaj;djkaf.a mska uysuh flfia jqj;a
tu foaj;ajfhys u .ska .gu / iska w;ska lu /ia lsug we;s
wjia:d w,am h' foaj;ajfha / isug mdol jQ uQ,sl l=i,a mdl ;=kS
wfydais jQ miq" kej; ukqIH f,dalfha Wm; ,en l=i,a /ia lr .ekSug
wjia:dj we;' fm%a; N+; f,dalj, ka yd ii|k l," Tjqkaf.a wl=i,a
mdl fya;=fjka la ka wre .;Skays ieirk w;r foajd;auhkays
iskd ka Tjqkf.a l=i, lu Yla;Ska fya;= fldg kej; iq.;s.d
ug we;s wjldY fndfyda h' tkuq ldu Njhkays Wm; ,nk iEu
i;a;ajfhl=u w;ak tla isoaOdka;hla fofhda o w;a ;s' oe f,i
ukfia l%shd;aul jk yeS nr wdYdjka iEu ldu fNda.S i;aFjfhl=
u fl<jrla fkd fmfkk iif uefrka bmfoka /f.k hdug
fya;= f'
fuu f,dalhka fN!;sl ;,hkaf.ka iuka; fkdjk w;r tajd
{dk ;, jYfhka meje;afjk ne jgyd .; hq;= hs' wNHdjldYfha
mj;sk fuu ;,hka j. lsf m%.;sh w;ska jHuh ;,hka Wiia
f,i o m;% f,io" fm%a; N+; f,dal ta wkqj my;a f,io ykaj;s' Wia
my;a fjki wdOHd;al {dkuh fjkila muKs' kuq;a wjdikdjlg
fuu fjki f;are lroa thg jer iy.; whqka fN!;sl jQ jHuh
;;a;ajhla Bg wdfrdamKh lr we;' by<g hEu iy my<g hEu
jYfhka w:l:k lroa idm%odhsl jYfhka fN!;sl Yr by<g hEula
yj hs' {dk Odrdjka .ek l;d lroa by; oelajQ w:l:khkag
we;af;a b;d u| bvla muKs' {dk Odrdf ishq p,kh f,!lsl
jYfhka flfrk ixikaokhkaf.ka Tng .sh tlls' fN!;sl jYfhka
by<g my<g hEug fjfyila .; hq;= h' hhla .; hq;= h' kuq;a
uki by< my< {dk ;,hkag ysf tjka hhla fjfyila
wjYH fkd f' wjYH Ydjg is; fhduq lsu muKla iEfya'
jH f,dal iy n%yau f,dal tlsfklg by<ska ilia we;s jHuh
;,hka hhs" jpkfha woyi muKla f.k f;are fkd.; hq;= hs' ;gq
lSmhlska hq;a m%didohla hhs fkdis;sh hq;=hs' fuu jH ;,hka msysgd

we;af;a {dkuh m%fNao wkqj h' by<g hEu wdOHd;al .ukls' isf;ys
we;sjk {dk Odrdj b;du;a ishq {dk ;rx.hkag m;a lr ysjk
.ukls' fuu by<g hk .uk isf;ys we;slr .kakd wdOHd;al
n,hlska hk .ukls ( odk YS, Ndjkd ;=<ska ukdj ilia lr.;a is; g
fuu yelshdj we;' wmdh we;af;a hg hs lSfuka fmdf<dj hg .eUqre
w.dOhlg hk .ukla woyia fkd flf' wdOHd;al jYfhka ySk jQ
{dk ;,hlg hk .ukla woyia flf' jHf,dal iy ksrhka oelSug
yels wh tu yelshdj ,nd we;af;a Tjqkf.a wNHka;r wdOHd;al
bkashhka ,nd we;s hqKqj mok lrf.k h'
iud Ndjkdj m%.=K fldg woaN+; oE lsug l=i,;d we;s whg
ufkdauh jYfhka ikaksfokh lsug we;s yelshdj" idudkH ksfil=g
idudkH fohla lsug we;s yelshdj yd iudk jQ myiq fohla h' heug
wjYH mKsvh isf;ka mekk.sk {dk Odrdj ;=<ska is;s,s NdIdj
Wmfhda.S fldg imQK woyila fuka ikaksfokh lrkq ,nhs' tu
is;s,s NdIdfjka ,nd.kakd mKsvh" idm%odhsl NdIdjlska ,nd.kakd
mKsvhla fia ,nd.kS' iEu is;s,s ;rx.hla u yoj; ;=<ska W;amdokh
f' th isf;ys mj;sk i;H yeSu ikaksfokh lrhs' ksjer f;areu
ikaksfokh lrhs' kej; meye,s lsula wjYH fkdf' jdl j
flfrk fonia o is; ;=<ska wrUd we;s lrjk udOHhls' kuq;a jpkj,ska
flfrk ikaksfokhl fndfyda g yojf;a we;s i;H yeS jgyd
ug wmyiq f' tksid wfmalaIdjka ikaksfokh lroa fkdfhla
wvqmdvql b;d f,fyisfhka is f' f j,;djh yoj;ska yoj;lg
Rcqj flfrk ikaksfokhl u. yrjd .; yel'
95
96
Tf l%shd jpk iy is;s,s .ek

oe uis,af,ka iska yeu l,ays u
ixys|shdfjka hq;=j yeisfrkak'
Tn je mqr l;d lsug f.dia
lror je lr.kak tmd
Tn l;dlrk wdldrh .ek
ie,ls,su;a jkak
iskdfioaoS ixhufhka iskdfikak
fkdla l%dnd f,k

jifrka jir .;fjoa is,a ud;d ldhsf.a Ndjkdj tla Ydjlg
tfukau tla rgdjlg jemqr hqKq h' N+; f,dalfha tla tla yuq
wehf.a Ndjkd f.h ;Sj% lf<a h' f fm%a; f,dalhkays i;a;ajhkaf.a la
fokd .ek uYkh lrka weh meh .Kka ld,h .; l<d h' kuq;a
weh" ;ud foi ne,Su w;miq l<d h' ue ue Wmk ixidrfha uq,a nei
we;s ukfia Wmdodkh .ek fidhd ne,Su wE milg ;enqjd h' we;=<g
fhduq l< wjOdkfhka hq;=j wE fuu olsk oYk" ukfia wNHka;r
bkash m:h yd inkaO ula jk fyhska wehg wudkisl yelshdjla
we;s nj o" weh wef.a ukfia l%shdld;ajh .fIKh lrkafka hhs
is;ka o l,a.; l<d h'
iud Ndjkdj ;=<ska u;=jk ixisoaka .ek kslaIKh lsfuka
tajd .ek i;H f;dr;=re oek.ekSug yels nj;a tu.ska ukfia wjfndaOh
m%;HlaI j oek .ekSug yels nj;a weh Yajdi l<d h' kuq;a wehf.a
Ndjkd oYk m:hg wiqfjk fuu f,dal" ukqIH f,dalh yd iudk j
;d;al jQ ksYa; jQ oYk fuka fmkqK o tajd o Ndjkd lrkakdf.a
oiqkg fhduq jk ndysr oYkhka h' fuu oYk m:hg wiqjk rEm >k
wNsksIal%uKh ( fkdla l%dnd f,k
fkdjk w;g fkd oefkk rEm jqj o tu ixisoaka tajdg u wdfKsl

jQ ix{d ud;%hla muKs' th" tu ix{dj iska ykd.;a oekSug mndysr
j we;s jQjls' fuu oYk .ek fYaI wjOdkhla fhduq l< is,a ud;d
ldhs wef.a Ndjkd Yla;sfhka ndysr Yajh .ek je ie,ls,a,la oelajQ
kuq;a" wef.a yoj; iy uki ;=< mej;s Yauh ckl wNHka;r f,dalh
.ek fiu weh w;miq l<d h'
is,a ud;d ldhs wef.a Ndjkd mqyqKqf fuu uQ,sl jro jgyd
.ekSug wfmdfydi;a jQjdh' wdpdh lmdka ysg o tu wvqmdvqj
fmkajd fokakg ;r m%{djla fkdh' Wkajykafia iudfhka iy tys
w;=re M,j,ska Tng Ndjkdj hqKq fkd l< flfkls' ta ksid wehf.a
uq,d fuka .,jd bhg f.k hEug Wkajykafia wfmdfydi;a h'
iudfha uq,a nei .;a w;sfYaI n,h fuu iajdka jykafia w;akao;a
fuu wdOHd;al ixisoakays we;s wks;H;djh iy l ksjerj oek
.ekSug ;r m%{dj hqKq fkd ;snqKs' is,a ud;d ldhs" wdpdh l
mdka ys olaI luGdkdpdhjrfhl= hhs Yajdi l< o wehg fYaIs;
.=rejrfhl=f.a u fmkau ;sh hq;= hhs wehg fkd jegysKs'
kd kd m%ldr {dk ;,hka inkaOj wef.a uq,du tkak tkak
u je h' w;a w;aoelS iy w;a wjfndaOhka we;slr .ekSug
wehg oe wdYdjla ;snqKs' fuu N+; f,dalfha i;a;ajhka ksula ke;s
ixidrfha ieirkafka f wdYdj" ;Kaydj fya;=fjks' is,a ud;d ldhs
yg laL i;Hh .ek;a tys uQ,sl fya;=j .ek;a f jkf;la oek.ekSug
wmyiq h' wdpdh l mdka ys iudfha m%n, Yla;Ska Wreu lr
ish o" m%{djg jvd iudhg we lsfuka we;sjk Nhdkl m%;sM,
.ek wehg Wmfoia ug wfmdfydi;a h' f fya;=fjka weh iudfha
Ydka; ksi,Ndjfha we,S .e,S bka u;a jQjd h' O ix{djka fya;=fjka
Wmojd.kakd wdlIKSh Yla;Skaj,g weh weneys uq,d jQjd h'
is,a ud;d ldhs mQ .d llr wdrKHfha 1937 isg 1945 olajd jdih
l<d h' f ld,h ;=< cmdkh ;dhs,ka;h wdl%uKh fldg hqoaOhlg
fmd<Ujd fojk f,dal ix.%dufha m%Odk hqO mshla njg m;a lf<a h'
hqO wyia hdkd fndan fy<Sf wruqKska fiakdikh msys jkdka;rh
97
98
Wka mshdir lrkakg h' wdikakfha msys .=jka m:hg f.dv neiSug
l,ska iuyrla .=jka hdkd Tjqkf.a b;s fndan mQ .d lkaog fy<d
hdkd ieye,a lr .;ay' jka jr lka ys lrjk fndan msmqre
y~ fya;= fldg NslaIQka jykafia,d iy is,a ud;dfjda .,a f,ka ;=<g
iSud jQy' is,a ud;d ldhs muKla lsis le<ula fkdue;s j Ydka; j
Nhla fyda mSvdjla fkdue;s j ;u Ndjkd mqyqKq lghq;= lrf.k .shd
h' Ouh fidhd .ekSug weh wef.a is; lh m;Hd. lr fyda bhg
hEug wIaGdk lr ishd h' f Njfha u lska oSug k tu Ou
ud.fha hEug wIaGdk lr.; hq;= ne weh oek ishd h'
tla lf,l mQ .d l jehg fkdlvjd fyE fndan jreidj
ksid is,a ud;djkaf.a Ndjkd mirh kdY .sfha h' bkamiq is,a ud;d
ldhs iy wka is,a ud;dfjda jvd;a yqol,dj ish yels l%dnd f,k fj;
.shy' tllg tlla ne|s l hdfhys tla tla lkao md .ukska ;rKh
lrka" cmka hqO .=jka hdkd fjk .=jka ud.fhka wE; lkaola lrd
is,a ud;dfjda meKshy' fuu lkafoa .,a f,ka rdYshla tl < tl
msysgd ;snqKs' tla is,a ud;djlg tla .,a f,k ne.ska fjka fldg ;u
Ndjkd lghq;= yqol,dj lrf.k hEug bv lv ilia jqKs'
tys .sh m<uqjk rd;%sfha u is,a ud;d ldhsg wef.a .eUqre
iudh ;=<ska Yd, kd.fhl= jka foaj;dfjla uqK .eiqKs' tu oYkh
gq jyd u" ta kd. f,dka wd kd. foaj;djla ne ykd .;a;d h'
Tjqka idudkHfhka .ejfikafka yqUia iy c,h wdY%s; N+ w.Dys;
j h' kd.hskag Wka is;k m fkdfhla fjia .ekSf yelshdj we;s
fyhska is,a ud;d ldhs tu oiqkaj,g jYS jQjd h' kd.fhda fndfyda g
fjiaj,d .kafka ukqIHhka yehg h' kuq;a fuys is Yd, kd.hd
lsis ;elSula fkdue;sj Wf.a hlre .= Yrfhka weh ;ka fj,d
f.k fmKh mqnd wef.a uqyqK bhg f.k" mska ysre ke.Sug
m%:u ishu is,aud;djka urd ld ouk njg ;ckh lf<a h' is,a ud;d
ldhs urKhg h fkd isf wdOHd;al n,h weh ;=< we;s fyhska
Bg h fkd jQjd h' uqyqKg uqyqK ,d is kd.hdg weh b;d ikaiqka j
iodpdr Ouhkag reoaOj lDDr l%shd l< g bka we;sjk M, mdl
.ek u;la lr .kakd f,i oe f,i oekajQjd h' fuys isk ishu
is,a ud;djka nqrcdKka jykafiaf.a orejka nj;a" wdOHd;al .=Kj.
df mrudoYh Tjqka nj;a" tjka is,a ud;djkag lsisgl ysxid fkdl<
hq;= nj;a weh kd.hdg lSjd h' oIaG lsf bhfjka is kd.hdg" W!
we;af;kau Wmdisldjka urd lEug iQodk jkafka k" kd.hd uq,ska u
urd ld oeh hq;af;a ;ud nj is,a ud;dj oeka h' kd.hd wef.a uqyqK
bfha Wf.a fmKh mqnd Yd, lg wer oIag lsug iQodk h' kuq;a
is,a ud;djf.a YS,fha wdYaphj;a n,h fya;=fldgf.k kd.hdf.a lg
.skafkka oefjkakg mgka .;s' .skafkka lg oefjoa W! fokdfjka
lE.ikakg h' fudfyd;lska ysla ixjr jQ kd.hd ,cdfjka ;reK
msfhl=f.a fjia f.k ;%YS,S j wjk; h'
;reK ksia fjiska is kd.hd fuu f,ka ixlSKh is,a ud;djka
yd iu.sj myrKh lsug tl h' kuq;a Tyq oldr fld,af,l=
fia yeisfrka o,ka ;ekska ;ek jkakg h' f wreu mqu kd.
;reKhd f,ka ixlSKh ueo .,la u; jd uy yhsfhka msug mgka
.;af;a h' Tyq Bg m%sh njla we;s nj fmkqKs' ngk,d yf~ fodaxldrh
.,af,ka isidrd ys .sfha h' kuq;a Tyq tu ngk,dj mska Ndjkdfhda.Sj
jd is ldhs is,a ud;dj imhg tk iEu wjia:djl u tys iajrh"
Yoh yye u;= fkd fkd weiS hhs' f wreuh Tyqg m%fya<sldjla
bPdNx.;ajhg meKsfha h'
ld,h flka l f. hoa Tyqf.a ngk,d kdoh is,a ud;djf.a
h n,hlska wfydais lsug yelslula we;s ne Tyq jgyd .;af;a h'
ta iu. u wef.a widudkH Yla;Ska .ek Tyq mquhg m;a jQ w;r wehj
mrdch lsug fkdyelsu .ek lK.dgq h'
kla Tyq ngk,dj o /f.k tkq gq is,a ud;d ldhs Tyq fldys
hkafka oehs uiqjd h' wehg iro lsf wfhka ;ud .udkfha
.eyekshl iu. wd,nia fodvkakg l,ska ys;df.k wdj;a miqj weh
iu. wd, rx.khl fhfokak wdYdjla meKs nj lSf h'
99
100
weh ;ckd;aul ne,aulska Tyq foi n,d weh iodpdr YS,hla

rlsk ldka;djla nj;a ms .ek lsis wdYdjla wE ;=< ke;s nj;a Wia
iajrhlska lSjd h' weh" Tyqg uQ,sl iodpdrd;aul p; ,laIK Tyq ;=<
jOkh lr.ekSug Wmfoia kakd h' iEu i;a;ajfhl=g u fmdf
;sh hq;= p; ,laIKhkays moku jkafka nqka jod< iodpdr .=K
nj;a tajd f.!rjfhka /lsh hq;= nj;a mejiqjd h' fuu iodpdrd;aul
ixjrh tlsfkldf.a wd;au f.!rjhka rlsk nj;a Tjqkf.a fN!;sl yd
wdOHd;al jia;+ka fkdukd f,i md lsu j<lk nj;a mejiqjd
h' is; ;=<ska u ndOlhka f.dv k.d Tjqka ixjr lrk nj weh Tyqg
myod kakd h' tfuka u flfkl=f.a wNHka;r YslaIKh Tmj;a lrk
nj o lSf h' YS,h ksjer j wdrlaId lsu ke;s ;ek w;miq iy
fkdie,ls,su;a wiS; f,i jHdma; f'
tfia jHdma; jQ f,dalfha iduh iy wdrlaIdj mj;sk rgla fidhd.;
fkdyels jkq we;' wdOHd;al .=K j.djka .ek Tyq ;=< mj;sk
my;a fkdie,ls,a, jyd u re lr .kakd f,i;a nqoaO Oufha kh
m%;sm;a;Skag wkqj Tyqf.a iodpdrd;aul wdl,am jOkh lr.ekSug;a
is,a ud;dj kd.hdg Wmfoia kakd h' Tyqf.a yoj; ;=< we;s tu my;a
m<sfndaOhka bj;a lr.; fyd;a Tyqg;a wka yefudag;a b;d ixjr j
i;=ka jdih lsug yelsjkq we;s nj jerg;a mejiS h'
is,a ud;djf.a ;ldkql+, j l< ia;rh wid ;reK kd.hd Tyqf.a
jer ms<sf.k wef.ka Bg iudj whe h' Tyqf.a yojf;a ikaiqka nj gq
is,a ud;d ldhs mxpYS,h iudoka jk f,i wkqYdikd l<d h'
m<uqj Tn mK we;s i;=kag ysxid lsfuka je<flkak kE' tfia
lsfuka Tng Tf fldamh j,lajd .ekSug yels " wkqkg ffu;%sh
jvkak Wkkaj Tng we;s fjkjd'
wkqkg wh;a fohla Tjqkf.a wjirhla fkdue;sj .ekSfuka
j<lskak kE' fidfrl=g we;sjk udkisl;ajh neyer lsfuka f,daNh
md,kh w;yef .=Kh jOkh ug u. mEfoa'
ish kqiqiq ldu fiajkhkaf.ka je<lS tu yeis w;ykak kE'

ta wehsoehs lshfyd;a lduh jrojd yeisfuka je<lS isu ldudYdjka
uev,Sug Wmld iEySulg m;ajk .=Kh jOkh f'
fndre lSfuka je<lSu iy yeu l,ays we;a; l;dlsu" fndrelSu
i|yd we;s keUqrej md,kh lrhs' tfiau Tf iEu lghq;a;l u
i;Hjd j l%shd lsug is; mqre f' we;a; lSug Wkka lrjhs'
u;ajH .ekSfuka je<lSfuka wk;=reodhl is;=,s biau;= ug bv
fkd tu W;af;ack uokh lrhs' ksjer isysh jOkh lrhs' fuh
/lSfuka wka ish YslaIdmo lsis ndOdjla rys;j myiqfjka /l .ekSug
wjYH uQ,sl moku we;s lrhs'
fuu uQ,sl YslaIdmo ms<s.ekSug kd. ;reKhd tl jQ miq is,a
ud;d ldhs odkh iy Ndjkdj g wu;rj w;sYfhka jeo.;a Ou
lreKq nj meye,s l<d h' f oE fuu ;fha o u;= ;fha o
wdOHd;al wd;auYajdih f.dv k.d .ekSug w;d,ula jkq we;ehs o
mejiqjd h' ish i;a;ajfhda ;u ;ukaf.a luhkays m%;sM, fya;=fjka
Wmka fyhska tajdfha M, mdl .ek mQK j.lSu Tjqka i;=jk w;r
wka lsisjl= Bg j. lsj hq;= fkdjk nj o mejiqjd h'
fkdla l%dnd f,ka ixlSKfha jdih l< is,a ud;dfjda wi,
.udkhl . jeishka lSm fofkl=f.ka iy,a iy wdydr jH ,nd
.ekSug yels hhs Yajdih ;nd ishy' Tjqka jkdka;rfha weo le,E
m,d j." wdydrhg .; yels w, j. iy le,E y;= Tjqkf.a wdydr
i|yd wu;rj fidhd Ks' kuq;a iy,a iy lrj, .%dh fj<ka f.ka
,nd .ekSug Tjqkg is h' w;HjYH wdydr jH wdrKHhg f.k wd
ldka;dfjda Y%oaOdjka; odhsldfjda jQy' Tjqkaf.a Nla;su;a lemu w.h
lrka is,a ud;d ldhs wef.a Ndjkd w;aoelS wdoYj;a mdv yehg
lshdfoka YS,fha W;= jkdlu o lshd kakd h' kuq;a kd.fhl=
fu,a, l< wef.a n,h .ek ia;r . jeishka w;r me;sr hoa Tyq
wia:dk hg;a tfuka u wiykhg;a m;a jQy' w;S;fha isg" ij wj
iEu jia;=jl u wd;auhla we;ehs hk ;Hd Yajdihkays t,an is fuu
101
102
. jeisfhda tu m%foaYhg wrla .;a fohka wNsNjd hk kEu flfkl=

.ek wpdr hla iy ielhla we;slr .;ay' is,a ud;d ldhs uela
n,hlska kd.hd fu,a, lsu Tjqkf.a iauhg;a hg;a fya;= h' fkdla
l%dnd .,a f,ka msys jkdka;rh ovh lsug iy m,d j. tl;= lr
.ekSug .uqka yg msysg jQ le,hls' is,a ud;d ldhsf.a ;a; n,h
.ek wdrx jQ . jeisfhda ta .ek h iel Wmojd le,hg we;=ug
wlue;s jQy' f .ek fkdfhla lD;s meKs,s u;=fjkakg mgka .;s'
fuu ld,fha u ld,.=Ksl mhdihla is " jd ? uq,af,a uy jeis
je my< .udk c,fhka hg h' wld,fha uy jeis jeu .ek;a c,
.e,au .ek;a . jeisfhda is,a ud;d ldhs yg fpdaokd lf<da h'
wia:dk fpdaokd je, fkdle .,d wd ksid f m%foaYh w;yer
fjk;a fmfoilg hd hq;= hhs is,a ud;d ldhs ;SrKh l<d h' fkdla
l%dnd f,ka ixlSKh yqol,d jdihg fndfyda fihska fhda.H jqj o wjg
mirfhka f.dv ke.=Kq jd;djrKh t;r ys;lr fkd h' wE .ek
. jeishka we;slrf.k isk jer wjfndaOh ksid ;j rg;a fuys
/|Sfuka wfkla is,a ud;djkag wjevla ysyerhla jkq we;ehs weh is;=jd
h' tksid wef.a is,a ud;d lKavdhu o legqj kej; mQ .d llrhg
hEug ;SrKh l<d h'
103
Tn W;am;a;sfhka Wreu lr f.k wd

i;sh iy m%{dj
je hqKq lr.ekSu w;miq lrkak tmd
WodiSk j Ndjkd mqyqKqfjys ksr; jqj fyd;a
Tn hk ud.fha ndOl tkak tkak u je
ksjka u. imQKfhka u wre lr
.ufka fl<jr iodld,slj u wfrys u .s,ajd ;nkq we;'
wdOHd;al Yla;sfha mydKsh

wdpdh l mdka ys mQ .d wdrKHfha m%dKkd,sh h' is,a ud;djka
yg Oudjjdo Tjqka wdh ud.h ;=< ilia lsu Wkajykafiaf.a
j.lSu h' tksid .sysf.h w;er wd is,aud;djka jka jr uqK .eiS
Tjqkf.a w;aoelS yd .eg iuQy jYfhka iy fm!oa.,sl idlPd
fldg Tjqkg wjYH wjjdo wkqYdikd ,nd fokafkah' Wkajykafiaf.a
jhi iy fcHaIaG;ajh" Wkajykafiaf.ka .=reyrel .;a ldka;djka yd
f,!lsl ne we;slr .ekSu j<lajd ,Sh'
wfyda
uia f.dvl j,;djh iy wdOHd;al Yla;shl msySu
is,a ud;d ldhs iy msi fkdla l%dnd f,kg .sh miq wdrKHfha
is,a ud;djka lSm fofkla muKla b;s h f ld,fha ;ud .=rejrfhla
nj wu;l fldg Tyqf.a ;;aFjh .ekj;a lsis ;elSula fkdue;s j
wdrKHfha /Kq tla is,a ud;djla iu. Tyq fkdukd fifkyila
we;slr f.k we;' Wkajykafiaf.a iud Ndjkd ugu wfkla msgia;r
f,dalhkays ka .ek fiug ;r m%n, jqjo i;s bkash iy m%{d
104
bkash Wkajykafia ksishdldrj fkd jevQ fyhska ;u is; kso

oelSu w;miq h' nqrcdKka jykafia b.ekajQ uQ,sl khdkql+, phd
Ouhka wkq.ukh lsu Wkajykafia u. yefha h' ;u isf;ys iy
lfhys l%shd;aul jk Wmdodkhka .ek Tyq .eUqka kslaIKh lf<a
ke;' Wmdodkhka jy jyd fjkia jk nj;a th la; ;;a;ajhla
we;slrk nj;a" uu uf.a lshd .kakg lsisjla fkdue;s nj;a oek.ekSug
Wkajykafiag fkdyels h'
iud Ndjkdffh .eUqre tald.%;djhlg meKs miq is;;a
lh;a {dkuh jYfhka taldnoaO tl ixhq;shlg m;af ( isf;ys
iajNdjfhka u mj;sk oek .ekSf yelshdj msish" ir,h" ksy~h"
tfukau fkd ief,kafkah' fuu taldnoaO ixhq;sh" flfkl= msis
iu;=,s;;djhlska hq;a i;a;ajfhl= we;af;a hhs yeS W;amdokh lrhs'
th jpkska ia;r lsug wmyiq w;sYhska Ya; jQ i;=g okjk wef,k
iq iajNdjhls' fuu .eUqre iud ;;a;ajh Wiia udkisl ;;ajhla hhs
fmkqk o th ;Kaydj oafYh yd fudayh hk flf,iaj,ska hqla; h'
fujka iud w;aoelS f,!lsl iajNdjhla i fjklla fkdf' fuu
iajNdjh we;s ukilska ,nd.kakd wdOHd;al {dkh flf,iaj,ska nr
jQ f,!lsl m%{djls'
iud Ndjkdj ;=<ska ishq tald.%;djhlg f.kd is; .eUqre msis
Yla;su;a is;ls' f,daflda;a;r m%{dj lrd t,h yelafla fufia tl
lr.;a is; wruqfKys ;SlaIK j fufyhfuks' ;Kaydj fl%daOh iy
fudayfhka jk m;a;s Wrd oeh yelafla is; lh fokd .ek ;Sj%
oYkdjlska uYkh lf<d;a muKs' fuu ish ixisoaka ys Y+kH
nj wjfndaO lr ;Kaydj m%ySK fldg ue ue Wmk ixidrfhka
.e,ula ,eh yelafla tjka ;Sj% oYkd Ndjkdjlska muKs' iudh
iy m%{dj Ndjkdf wjidk wruqK lrd f.k hk ;=re tlg ne l%shd
l< hq;= f' lr;a;hl frdao fol l%shd lrkakdla fuks' iudfhka
,nk isf;a tllu iy ixisu m%{dj wj lrhs' isf;a .eUqf we;s
flf,ia bka re lsug fYaIs; Ndjkd l%uhla Wmfhda.s lr.kS' fuu
oreKq flf,ia uq,skqmqgd oefuka miq m%{dj isf;a ikaiqka nj ;j;a
wNsksIal%uKh ( wdOHd;al Yla;sfha mydKsh
je lrhs' tksid iudh iy m%{dj tlsfkld miqmi hka nqka jod<

uf.ys ksjk lrd Ndjkdkqfhda.shd fufyhjhs' iudfhka ,;a isf;a
tald.%;djh iy ixisfuka wdpdh l mdka ysyg <x ug yelsjQfha
wdOHd;al Yla;Ska ms we;s ndysr f,dalfha fodrgqj imhg muKs'
tfia ,o .eUqre iudh ;u wNHka;rh uYkh lsug Wkajykafia
m%fhdackhg fkd.;af;a h' ta fjkqjg fyf;u msg ilaj, ishq {dk
Odrdjka lrd muKla fhduq lsug ;u Ndjkd Yla;sh Wmfhda.s lr
.;af;ah' fuu nd, wdYdjkaf.ka ;u is; wdrlaId lr uqla;sh lrd
m%{dj hqKq fkdfldg rd.hg wiqfjka bkashhka mskjka fudayfhka
ms iif w;rux jqKs'
fkdla l%dnd f,fka isg wdrKHhg wdmiq tk ld,h jk g
wdpdh l mdka iy lKsIaG is,a ud;djf.a fkdukd inkaO;djh
r. f.dia ;snqKs' Wkajykafiaf.a fcHIaG;ajh kdhl;ajh iy Ndjkd
.=rejrfhl= jYfhka ,;a lS;skduh .ek i,ld n,d fuu wh:d l%shdj
.ek lsisfjla l;d lsugj;a wlue;s jQy' wdrKHfha NslaIQyq iy is,a
ud;dfjda fuu wfYdaNk ;;a;ajh ksid wdrKHh msfyk nj is;+y'
kuq;a tla kla yisfha u l mdka ys Tyq;a ;reK is,aud;dj;a isjqre
yer jdy .sys ;hla .; lsug ;SrKh l< ne m%ldY lf<a
h' fuu wdrxh ldf.a;a is;a ii, lr h' ldg;a woyd .kakg ne
lreKla h' is,a ud;d ldhs Tyqf.a mydKsh .ek fYdal jQjd h'
weh;a wfkla is,a ud;djkq;a Tyq flfrys ;enQ Yajdih Tyq | oeuQ
fyhska Tyq flfrys ms<sl=,la o we;slr .;s' fudyq isjqre yer msg hk
ld,h jk g wdrKHfha Tyqf.a f.da, msi jir wgla Tyqf.ka Wmfoia
,nd ;snqKs' Tyqf.a fuu wmlS;su;a yeisu w;sYhska ms<sl=,a iy.;
tlla h' wdrKHhg .=rejrfhl= ke;s h' wdrKHfha b;s NslaIQka
jykafia,d iy is,a ud;dfjda fjk;a iqiq mirhlg hEu jvd;a fhda.H
ne l;sld lr .;a y' is,a ud;djkaf.a kdhsldjka jQ is,a ud;d vex iy
is,a ud;d hsx Tjqk;r yis /iaula le|jd yeuf.au leue;a; wkqj
;ukaf.a Wmka .u imhg jydu hdhq;= nj;a ta wi, jkdka;rfha is,a
ud;djkag muKla jdih i|yd iqiq wdrKHhla ilia lr.; hq;= nj;a
;SrKh lr .;ay'
105
106
tu wruqKq is;ays ordf.k is,a ud;d ldhs iy ;j;a is,a ud;djka

yh fofkl= 1945 jIfha jika; iufha ndka yqwdhs idhs .udkh
imhg .shy' is,a ud;djka uqyqK mE wlr;enh jgyd .;a .f
jeo.;a jeyshka fofofkla Tjqkg lemlrejka ug tl Tjqkf.a
.f isg ol=Kq foig ie;mqula muK ka wlalr 20 l muK N+
Nd.hla is,a ud;djkaf.a wdrKH idod .ekSug mQcd l<y' tu bvu
.f l=Uqrej,g by<ska msys" l,ska w;=re fNda. j.d l< bvuls' Yd,
WKnnq mrej,ska jgjQ fijK fok Yd, .ia je ;snQ fuu N+Nd.h
yqol,dj Ndjkd lghq;= lrf.k hEug b;du;a fhda.H jQ bvula h'
is,a ud;dfjda Tjqkf.a mQcdj b;d f.!rjfhka iy mqKHdkqfudaokdfjka
Ndr f.k jy jyd is,aud;d wdrKHhla f.dvke.Sf lghq;= wdrN
l<y'
.udkfha ia;%s mqreI fomlaIfha u Wo Wmldrfhka >k j je
;snQ mre lmd Y=oaO lr wjYH m ilia lr is,a ud;djkag iqiq
;djld,sl l= b flKs' WKnnq m,d tu m;=rej,ska Tjqkg ys|Sug
iy ie;mSug fmdf<dfjka w tlyudrla muK WiajQ ueis ilia lr
kay' .u wjg fndfyda fihska jevKq Wi ;K jYfhka ne| jy,
fi,s l<y' tllg tlla wE;a jkfia is,a ud;djkag l= f.dv k.d
tu l= bfhka ilauka Ndjkdj i|yd ilauka u ilia lr kay'
wdrKHfha jD; N+Nd.hl WKnnq Wmfhda.s fldg l=vd Yd,djla
o blr kay' fmdf<dfjka Wiajk fia ,S fldg isgqjd ,E,sj,ska Yd,df
u ilia lr ka w;r wdydr ms<sfh, lr .ekSug uej,ska ,sma ne|
l=vd l=iaishla o ms<sfh, lr Ks' tfkod j;a ug wjYH WmlrK
yshla ;snQ fyhska is,a ud;dfjda WKnnqj,ska fldamam ye|s wdh ilia
lr .;ay' w,q;a wdrKHhg wjYH c,h km;d wi, Thlska /f.k wdy'
wjYH fifrmamq fkd;snQ ksid Tjqka mqjla ykiq f,d pd fifrmamq
idod .;ay' le;s Wo ij, wd WmlrK jka jr .fuka wjYH m
b,a,d .;a w;r .jdiSkag lrorhla fkdjk fia is,aud;dfjda Ialr
;hla f.k .shy' ta yeu ysyerhla u Tjqka Oufha kdufhka bjid
ordf.k ffOh imkak j ;u mqyqKq lghq;= fkdlvjd f.k .shy'
wNsksIal%uKh ( wdOHd;al Yla;sfha mydKsh
ndka yqwdhs idhs is,a ud;d wdrKHh l=vd pd wrKls' Ndjkd mqyqKqj
i|yd wjk; h hq;= kh ir, kuq;a oe h' Tjqkf.a j;au i|yd
w;HjYH foa tys fkd h' is,a ud;dfjda ojfia je ld,h Ndjkdj
i|yd fjka l<y' iEu iekaoEjl u pd j b jQ Ou Yd,djg tla
/ia jk is,a ud;dfjda nqoaO jkaokd .d:d tlaj iCOdhkd lrka nqka
oy i .=K fufkys lr;s'
;u Ndjkd .eg i|d .ekSug kqiqiq .=rejrfhl= iskjdg
jvd fufia Ydl la fokd |ska ;uka u Oufha .eUqr fiu
fhfylehs is,a ud;d ldhs lSjd h' l mdka ys rd.hg f.dre jQ whqre
weh b;d lK.dgqfjka isys l< w;r tu isoah wef.a yoj;g uyd nrla
h' tfkod ksidg u;= fj mek k.sk ldudYdjka fu,a, lsug
Tyqf.a Ndjkdjg yqre uki wfmdfydi;a jQfha flfia oehs wehg jgyd
.ekSug wiSre h' fuu lreK wef.a ielhg;a uy;a lkiai,a,lg;a
Ndckh jQ lreKla h' wef.a Ndjkdj ksh; msis ud.fha hkafka
oehs jfrl wehg ielhla Wmks' weh wef.a Ndjkdf jeo.;a fldgila
w;miq lr weoao@ ms<s;=rla fkdue;s fujka .eg ueoafoa wirK jQ is,a
ud;d ldhs i;H jYfhka u iqiql we;s luGdkdpdh ys kula
fidhd .; hq;= hhs ;SrKh l<d h'
fcHaIaG is,a ud;d vex iy hsx wdrKHfha tfkod md,k lghq;=j,
ksr; jQy' wjqre wgla tlg j;a jQ is,a ud;dfjda w;yer" kuq;a Tjqkf.a
wdYSjdoh ,nd wdrKHh w;yer wef.a wIaGdkh bgqlr .ekSu i|yd
.=rejrfhl= fidhd msg;aj .shd h' jia ld,h ksujQ jydu is,a ud;d
ldhs ;j tla lksIaG is,a ud;djl o legqj mQ mdka l jeh ;rKh
fldg" W;=re foig je we;s wmdrj,a Tiafia Ialr mj; ;rKh
lrka oejeka; hdj;a yryd mhska u wdpdh fldx.aud rm[af[d
f;rekaf.a wimqjg meKshd h'
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108
ukqIH Yrh
;Kaydj iy we,Su
we;slrjk oejeka; ldu.=Khls'
l tys fkd je<elah yels m%;smdlhls'
Yrh foi n,kak th yeu fudfyd;l u fjkia jk
w folla m<, w yhla .
uia f,a f.dvls'
ldh.;d i;sh
wdrKHfha m%Odk Yd,dj ;=< is,a ud;d ldhs wdpdh fldx.a
ud ys uqK .eiqKd h' Wkajykafiag je| kuialdr lr Ndjkdj ;=<
weh uqyqKmdk .eg meye,s l<d h' wef.a isf;ys iudh iy
Ydka;Ndjh ;=rkalr lkiai iajNdjhla we;s lrka wef.a we;=<;
;a; iajNdjh j,d mg,hlska jeiS hdug ;=vq ka fya;+ka wehg yels
moafoka Wkajykafiag ia;r l<d h' l mdka ys isjqre yeu;a iu.
wef.a Ndjkd mqyqKqj l%uj;aj fkd flrefKa h' is,a ud;d ldhsf.a ;Sj%
;a; tald.%;djh ndysr rEm fj; wef,k nj;a th wka w;lg fhduq
l< hq;= nj;a fYaIfhka ldh.;d i;s Ndjkdj wdrN l< hq;= njg;a
Wkajykafia wehg ms<s;=re jYfhka lS h' tfiau ;u Yrfha ms<sl=,a
fldgia foi o Wmam;a;sfhka u ksia Yrfha we;s l=Kqmhka foi o
wjOdkh fhduq lrjka Ndjkd mqyqKqj bhg f.k hk f,i wehg
wjjdo kafka h' m<uqj" flia f,d ksh o;a iy yu .ek o miqj Yrh
;=<g wjOdkh fhduq fldg uia - kyr - weg - weg - jl=.vqj yDohudxYh - wlaudj - nvj - mmqj - nvje, - w;=Kqnyk - Worh
- wiQ - ms; - fiu - ierj - f,a - oyh - fO - l - jqreKq f;,a
- fl< - fidgq - i| uq;%d hkdhg fhduq lrk f,i lSf h'
wNsksIal%uKh ( ldh.;d i;sh
wE fuf;la wdiajdohla ,enQ ndysr ixisoaka .ek fhduql< isf;a

wjOdkh oe wdhdihla f.k ;u Yrh ;=<g fhduq lr tys l=Kqm
fldgia .ek uYkh lrka uf.a Yrhhs lshka ykd .;a Yrh
foig u fhduq lsug Wmfoia Ks'
f.!rjfhka kuq;a fo.shdfjka tu Wmfoia is,a ud;d ldhs
reoaO;ajhla fkd md Ndr .;a;d h' kuq;a weh iEySulg m;a fkd jQjd
h' we;=<;g wjOdkh fhduq lsu hkqfjka wE oek isfha nqoafOda hk
uka;%h .ska .g u ue;sf uki .eUqre ksi,;djhlg m;ajk nj
muKs' wdpdh uqka uyd ia:rhka wjqre .Kkdjlg fmr lshd ka tu
ir< l%uh fjkia l< hq;= ke;ehs wef.a uqrKavq is; lshd isfha h'
wehg Ndjkdj .ek ;rul oekSula ;snQ nj we;a; h' kuq;a wdpdh
fldx.aud ysf.a Ndjkd WmfoaYh .%y lr ne,Sug weh iQodk jQfha
ke;' wehg ,enqKq kj Wmfoia .ek fkdi,ld wehg yqre mqre Ndjkdj
u weh lrf.k .shd h' thska wid:l m%;sM, ,enqK o" hqKqjla fkd
fmkqK o weh wef.a mrK Ndjkd l%ufhys u /|S mqyqKq lghq;= lrf.k
.shd h' wdpdh fldx.aud ysg wjk; fkd is ;dla wehg wef.a is;
.eUqre iudhg m;alr .ekSug wmyiq h' udi .Kkdjla hk ;=re
u wef.a uqrKavqlu" wehg iud .; is;la we;s lr .ekSug wmyiq
;;a;ajhla we;s lf<a h'
Ndjkdf m%.;shla fkdgq is,a ud;d ldhs wlf,i wiykhg
m;a jQjd h' wef.a nqoafha fl,jr lrd meK we;ehs wE la jQjd h' tla
rd;%shl ilauka Ndjkdf fh ish weh wehg ;ka fodaIdfrdamKh
lr .;a;d h' uq rd;%sh mqrd ;o jeis jeiafia h' kuq;a weh l=hg
hEu m%;slafIam l<d h' wehg mdvula W.ekaug ld,h meK we;'
uq rd;%sfha u by<g my<g ilauka lrka wef.a uqrKavq udkdl
wdl,amh yslaujd .ekSug w;sYhska fjfyi oerejd h' wef.a jer .ek
wE kej; kej; isys lrka bka .e,fjk ;=re oe wIaGdkhlska
wef.a ukfia fkd kefuk .;sh .ek uis,su;a jQjd h' wdpdh fldx.a
ud ys wef.a Ndjkd hqKqj i|yd wehj fldmuK ilia l< o Bg
wjk; ug wef.a is; fkdkeuqfKa h' weh bkakd ia:djrh widOdrK
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110
nj;a th ilia lr .; hq;= nj;a wjidkfha wehg jegyqKs' weh wef.

ka u m%Yak l<d h' uu i;Hh ksjer j u oek.kafka flfia o@ jrla
i;Hh wkqu; l< fuu is; u f ;r fudayfhka fj<S ish uu
flfia i;Hh fidh o@
miqk whu wef.a j,l ukdj wjfndaO lr wef.a wlSlre
iajNdjh fjkia lr .ekSug wIaGdk lr .;a;d h' nqrej whi
w;sf.!rjfhka je| je wdpdh fldx.aud f;reka jykafiaf.ka ksy~j
yoj; m;=f,ka u iudj whe h' nqoaO jkaokd ksu l< miq nqrej bfha
weh Wkkafjka ksia lfha iajNdjh .ek Ndjkd lsug mgka .;a;d
h' lfha iajNdjfhka u msysgd we;s ms<sl=,aNdjh fufkys lrka weh
Ndjkd l<d h' j;aj ish Yrfha ms<sl=,g Ndckh jk" meye,sj
crdjg hk fldgia .ek weh uq, ;u i;sh msysgqjdh' kdih fidgqj,ska
msf lka l,drej,ska jefia iu oyfhka iy f;,ska f;;a f (
Yrh fkdlvjd u, uQ;%d msg lrhs( f oE ks;ru fidaod msis fkdl<
fyd;a bjid ord isug ne ;r .kaOhla jykh f'
weh ks;r foff,a ldh.;d i;sh jevqjd h' fuu l=Kq Yrh
uf.ah hkqfjka ;ka w,a,d .;a ksid wehg we;sjQ ish wiykhka
wdrN jQ ne uekka jegyqKs' lh ;fha yrh nj;a uu hkakd
tys ueo isk flkd f,i l,ska ms<sf.k is neka fuu wiykld
;;a;ajh we;sjQ ne wehg jegyqKs' fuh wef.a idudkH ukig
fkdjegyqk o fuu uQ,sl Yajdih yojf;a m;=,g u nei l%shd;aul
jQ fyhska wE lrk lshk iEu fohlu ;o n, f,i uu uf.a ug
hk yeS ;ka u l%shd;aul h' flfkl=f.a ;fha ish,a, ys;d
u;du ie,iq lrkqfha Yrh inkaO wdYdjka mok lrf.k nj
wehg jegyqKs' ;ud wkqkg fmfkk wdldrh inkaO j ks;r ys;g
tk yeSu" ,dis;d" wd;audNsudkh" iy fm!oa.,sl iem im;a iy
myiql hkdh wd;auhla we;ehs hk Yajdih u; f.dv ke.=Kq oE
ne jegyqKd h'
lfha ms<sl=, .ek Ndjkd l< is,a ud;d ldhs yg ksia Yrfha
wmsis nj" fkd mj;sk nj" wdlIKhg jvd tys ms<sl=, we;s nj weh
w;aoelSug mgka .;a;d h' km;d ldh.;d i;sh jefuka ;Kaydj ;=kS
lr .;a;d h' ;Kaydj ;=kS fj;a u" lhg noaO we;s wd;au kue;s
oe Yajdih o wehg ;=kS lr.; yels h'
weh km;d Ndjkd mqyqKqf wef.a Yrh fldgfika fldgi
;gqfjka ;gqj fjka l<d h' ;u uYkh lroa" iu Yrfha uia
iy wNHka;r fldgia wdjrKh l< ishq mglhla nj weh gqjd h'
ne ne,aug msisj uk n|sk fohla f,i iu fmkqK o im j
mlaId lroa th fldrfmd;= iys; yelsKq ks;ru oyh iy f;,a
j.=rejk mg,hla ne fmkqKs' yu ;udg;a wkqkag;a ms<sl=f,ka f;dr
j ;nd .ekSug k ks;ru fidaoka msis lr ;nd .ekSug wjYH
fohla nj o jegyqKs' ysifla mSrd yev oud tys uk n|sk iajrEmh ksid
wdvnr f( kuq;a lEu msdkg ysifla lSmhla jeug ie,eiaiqjfyd;a
th nv.sks mjd ke;s lsug ;r ms<sl=,la W;amdokh lrhs' ysifla
iy f,dau Wm;ska u ms<sl=,a iy.; h' tksid ks;ru tajd kyjd fidaod
msis l< hq;= f' ukqIH Yrfha kE u fldgila inkaO jQ fohla
je f,djla msis j mj;skafka o ke;' f Yrfha iajNdjh crdjg
m;a uh' wfma Yrfha we;s wmsisNdjh iy .| fya;= fldg wfma
we we| we;s,s ks;r ks;r fidaod msis l< hq;= f' wm wdYdfjka
lk wdydr o lg ;=<g f.k fl< iu. Y% jQ miq th w;sYhska ms<sl=,a
iy.; h' uq Yrh u fuu ms<sl=,a ,laIK iajNdj fldg we;af;a h'
Yrfha ndysr fldgiays we;s iajdNdl ms<sl=, .ek fufkys l<
is,a ud;d ldhs Yrfha wNka;r fldgiays o Y%djhka iy .| wiQ
u,uq;% .ek fufkys lsu wdrN l<d h'
flia f,d ksh o;a iy iu b;d ;shqKq kslaIKhlg Ndckh l<
miq" t;=<ska wef.a ms<sl=,a is;s,s jOkh j;a u is,a ud;d ldhs wef.a
Yrh jid ;snQ iu ukiska .,jd thska jeiS ;snQ f,a Y% wuq uia foi
ukiska nejd h' f,a Y% ,sfik i mg,h foi ne wehg jukh
hk ;r ms<sl=,la we;s h' f oYkh uq,djla fkd jk nj;a ;u ;
ld,fha u Yrfha ;snQ i;H ;;aFjh fuh nj;a weh jgyd .;a;d h'
tfia jegfy;a u weh ;u uki kyr olajd o weg iy wNHka;r fldgia
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112
olajd o kso hjd nejd h' udxY fmaYSka weg lgqj,g wuq uia l=
fuka ne we;s ie weh gqjd h' wef.a uki bkamiq ysfKa Wl=,a
wegfhka by< b,weg l+vqfjka jg jQ fmfoig h' yDoh jia;=j" wlaudj"
jl=.vq" ma,Sydj" fmky" wdudYh" w;=Kqnyka" nvje,a' hk f ish,a,
Wl=,aweghg Wka b,weg l+vqj ;=< fo fi fidgq wdfhka Y%j
msysgd ;snqKs' fl|s iys; ;=kS isj,ska jg ;snqKs' tu fldgia tlska
tl l%udkql+, j wef.a kslaIKhg Ndckh l<d h' fo ;gq iu. f,a
iqrejka Wl= Y%djHhkaf.ka jg tl tlla crd wiQ uQ;%d iu. tla j
lsk fudfydf;a fyda msg lsug iQodk j f.dv.eiS ;snqKs'
wef.a b;du;a n,imkak jQ udkisl n,h Yrh ;=<g kso
hjd Yrfha wNHka;r Yrdx.j, i;H ;;a;ajh m<uq j;djg oYkd
{dkfhka gqjd h' f oE m%{dfjka uYkh fldg Yrfha ish u
fldgia tlu iajNdjhla .kakd nj weh gqjd h' uq Yrh u crdfjka
ms<sl=f,ka msreKq fohla nj;a tys ks;H jQ lsisjla fkdue;s nj;a" iEySulg
m;a h yels lsisjla fkdue;s nj;a" tfia k wd;auhla lshd .ekSug
lsisjla fkdue;s nj;a wehg ;yjqre h' tu .NSr wjfndaOh;a iu.
u laIKhlska wef.a is; oe ksi,;djhlg jegqKs' b;d ishq wdf,dal
,laIhla yoj; m;=f,a ks ks wdf,dalu;a fjka flka l jOkh
h' iamkaokh fjka Yd, jQ wdf,dalh ma;su;a j nn<ka m;% j
kuH j mdfjk wdf,dal lonhlska wef.a {dkh imQKfhka fj,d
.;a;d fia wehg oekqKs'
mdkaor Ndjkdfjka msKq weh nqoaO jkaokd ksu l<d h' iEu
fudfyd;l u b;d ishq iqixhuhla ;ud yd;ami we;s ;sfnk njla
wehg ye=Ks' idudkH ;fha wehg g l,ska ;snQ fo.shdj l=,Elu"
ieluqiq nj imQKfhka u ke;s .sfha h' Wfoa yS,a odkh NslaIQka
jykafia,dg ms<s.kajoa weh b;d m%fndaOj;a j i;=ka th bgq l<d
h' wef.a fjki fudfyd;lska ykd .;a wdpdh fldx.aud ys ldg;a
wefik fia
is,a ud;d ldhs Tn ksjer ud.hg jegqKd' fkdie,S bhg
hkak'
ksjer ud.hg jegqKq is,a ud;d ldhs wdpdh fldx.aud

ys jik tu wimqfjys udi lSmhla / Ndjkd l<d h' fyd|
wdpdhjrfhl=f.a Wmfoia ,nka wef.a i;sh iy m%{dj je hqKq
lr.ekSf Nd.Hh weh Wod lr .;a;d h' l mdka ys rEmhg we,S
;Kaydjg jd,a is; wdrlaId lr .ekSug wmyiq jQ fya;=j wehg
fyd|dldr j jegyqKs' Nhdkl lduPkaofha we,Su;a" th wlul lrk
l%uh;a weh jgyd .;a;d h'
weh wef.a Ndjkdf m%.;sh .ek" tk iu;a w;d,ul msys
njg oe wd;au Yajdihla we;s jQ miq ndka yqwdhs idhs is,a ud;d
wdrKHfha ud;djkag Wo lsu i|yd hEug ;SrKh l<d h' Tjqkg
iqiq .=rejrfhl=f.a u. fmkau fkdue;slu .ek weh ie,ls,su;a
jQjd h' tu wvqj is,a ud;djka fjkqfjka wehg imqrd,sh yels ne weh
Yajdi l<d h'
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wmg is,a ud;djka yehg

wfma pd ;fha fkd je<elah yels
ysmdvq lror ndOl fndfyda g yuq f'
w,i fkd wiykhg m;a fkd
ta yeu bjiSfuka | ord .; hq;=hs
tjka iEu wjia:djl oS u Tf laIKsl m%;spdrh h hq;af;a
ffu;%sh iy lreKdj oelauhs'
mrudoYS fn!oaO is,a ud;dj

hym;a wdOHd;al mirhla we;s ndka yqwdhs idhs is,a ud;d
wdrKHh fj; ldhs is,a ud;dj kej; meKshd h' weh wdrKHfha fkd
is ld,fha .syshka fuu wdrKHh foi nef ;u .ug wh;a jeo.;a
iudchSh wdh;khla f,i h' Tjqyq tfia is;ka wdrKHh iu. im j
ne ishy' m;Hd.h iy YS,h inkaO j nqrcdKka jykafia f,djg
ka Wmfoia m%cd jOkh i|yd fu;a is;ska lrk ,o wdrdOkdjla f,i
Tjqyq ie,l+y' fYaIfhka .sysf.h w; yer iiqka.; jQ msi /l n,d
.kska Tjqkg Wo lsug tu mdv Tiafia Tjqka wdrdOkd ,nk nj
f;are .;s' Ndjkdfhda.S is,a ud;djka mQ ;dhs .udkfha isu iodpdr
imkak iudchla ys lsf m%n, wdh;khla yehg Tjqyq ie,l+y'
th Tjqka ,;a mska fl;la fia i;=ka ms<s.;s'
ksjka u. fidhd hk ldka;djka Oufha fmd<Ujd mrudoYS
fn!oaO is,a ud;djlf.a jk rgdj yev.iajk YsIag wdh;khla
jYfhka ndka yqwdhs idhs wdrKHh m%isoaO h' is,a ud;dj idukH ck
;fhka neyer jQ" ;u iajdhd orejka iy mjq, w;yer ffu:qk
fiajkfhka je<lS isug fmdfrdkajla .;a;d jQ mskanr ldka;djls'
wNsksIal%uKh ( mrudoYS fn!oaO is,a ud;dj
is,aud;djla fia weh fmkS isk g wef.a wdOHd;al iajrEmh bka

fmkakq lrhs wE ysi uqvq l<d h' weh iq is,a fr fmfrjd h' .sys
jk rgdj imQKfhka w;yer weh mQK wdOHd;al jk u.la
.;a;d h' ;udf.a iS; wjYH;d odkuh jYfhka ,ndf.k wkqkaf.ka
hefmk is,aj;a .eyekshla jQjd h'
.sysf.h yerod meKs is,a ud;djlf.a jh r|d mj;skafka flfkl=
lemfuka rlsk YS,h iy oe Ndjkd mqyqKqj u; h' YS,h iy mqyqKqj
wehj ksjka u.g fhduq lr wef.a wdOHd;al uqla;sh lrd f.k
hkakls' wdOHd;al .=Kj.df wNsjDoah r|d mj;skafka weh rlsk
YslaId mo u; h' iiqka .;j Oufha yeisfrk we;af;da fuu YslaIdmo
/lSf jkdlu inkaOj b;d oe ie,ls,a,la olaj;s' i;a;ajhd
ixidr pl%hg ne| ;nk lu mdl iy ixialdr wfydais lsf n,hla
fuu YS,fha we;' tys jkdlu thhs' fokd f.k fok lu mdl
ilia lrjk l%shdj,ska je<lSf w;d,u fuu YslaIdmo /lSfuka
Yla;su;a lrhs' ta iu. u lska u i|yd we;s lr.; hq;= ldhsl iy
udkisl l%shdjkays msislu YS,fhka mmQK lrhs' wdrKHhl Wiia
m;%;ajh rlska tys hym;a m%.;sh i|yd lghq;= lrka .sys iudchg
mrudoYS jQ is,a ud;djla ilia u o YslaIdmo /lSfuka wh;a jk
fYaIs; m%;s,dNhls'
ndka yqwdhs idhs is,a ud;d wdrKHfhys is,a ud;djlf.a wIaGdx.sl
YS,h oej /lSu inkaO j fYaI wjOdkhla fhduq fjhs' weh i;=kag
ysxid lrkafka ke; weh kqka fohla .kafka ke; weh mQK
n%yauphdj rlS weh fndre fla,d mreI jpk imm%,dm fkd lshhs(
u;a jH fkd.kS weh kegq .ehq fkdao Wiq iq oYk"
u,a ud,d me< iqj| ,jqka .e,a fkdlrhs Wia wiqka uy wiqka
myrKh fkd lrhs' flfhka lshf;d;a fuu ir, ixjr kh kS;s"
ish,a, w;yef iy m%{dj je hqKq lsf yelshdj we;slrk w;r
Wiia p; jOkhla o we;s lrhs'
wdrKH.; ;hl YS,fha moku ksrEmKh lrkqfha YslaIdmohka
ys uq,a is,a mo i;frks' i;aFj ysxidfjka je<lSu" fidrl lsfuka
115
116
je<lSu" fndre lSfuka je<lS" lduh jrojd yeisfuka je<lSu h'

wfkla is,a mo i;r wdOHd;al mqyqKqj jOkh lsfuys ,d is; lh
yslaujd .ekSug Wmld f' tksid fuu is,amo i;r uQ,sl YslaId mo
i;f ldYkhls' is,a ud;djla msis j uq,a YslaIdmo i;r iudoka
f.!rjfhka th wdrlaId lrk g wfkla is,a mo /lSu wehg
myiq f' tajd W,a,x>kh lsu b;d nrm;, jrola fia ms<s.efka'
lska ksoyia f .egj iu i|yd wka i;=kag fudkh wdldrhlska
fyda ysxid lsu oafYfhka iy fudayfhka mek ke.=K fkdu.
heuls' kqka fohla .ekSfuka is,a ud;djka w;r mej;sh hq;= uQ,sl
wfkHdakH Yajdih | jef' n%yauphd m%;sm;a;sh /lSug ;h
lem l< is,a ud;djkaf.a iy Tjqkg ohdfjka odkudk ms<s.kajk
whf.a o Yajdih fidrl lsfuka | jef' n%yauphdj fkd/lSu
is,a ud;djlf.a uQ,sl p; ,laIKh kdY lrkakls' .sysf.h w;yer
hEf W;= ,laIKh W,a,x>kh lrkafkls' ffu:qk fiajkfhka
neyer fuka Tjqkf.a Yla;Ska wdOHd;al ;a; jOkh i|yd fhoh
yels jkq we;' fndre lSfuka iy fla<d lSfuka ldf.a;a Yajdih m
jkjd fia u m%Odk jYfhka ;udf.a u is; .ek ;enQ Yajdih o kdY
f'
iodpdr imkak nj Woamkh lrk YS,h b;d ishq jQ o ixlSK
jQ o Ou;djhls' th YslaIdmoj,g iy khg muKla iSud fkdjQjls'
YS,h ndysr kS;sj,ska ueksh fkdyelalls' YS,h ukfia m;%;djh ms<sUq
lrkakls' nq uf.ys uQ,sl wruqK isf;a mj;sk flf,ia re lsuhs'
tksid mdY=oaO YS,h /lsh yelafla f,daN fodaI fuday uq,skqmqgd oeug
yels ud.hl .uka lsfuks' wdOHd;aul mqyqKqf YslaIdmo wksjdh
wxYhls' YS,fhka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk wjidk m%;sM, Ndjkd mqyqKqjg
fhduq fkd ,nd .; fkdyel' YS,fha m;%;ajfha fmdaIKh ,nka
msis f;kd we;sj mj;ajdf.k hk uki meye,s Ydka; ;;a;ajhlg
m;a jkq we;' tksid YS,fha mmQK;ajhla we;s is,a ud;dj ksle,e,a
yoj;lska is; mqrdu me;sreKq i;=gla |skq we;'
ndka yqwdhs idhs is,a ud;d wdrKfha tfkod lghq;= ksYap, j
pd f,i flf.k .sfha h' ojfia je ld,hla i;sh hqKq lsf
wNsksIal%uKh ( mrudoYS fn!oaO is,a ud;dj
mqyqKqjg is,a ud;djka fhduq flKs' is,a ud;d ldhsf.a Ndjkd l=i,;d
iy w;aoelS yuqf lksIaG is,a ud;djkag Ndjkd Wmfoia foka
wdrKHfha kdhl;ajhg bf u m;ajqjd h' weh wka is,a ud;djkag
wdoYj;a j ksy;udkS j ;u fidfydhqhka iu. l,a.; l<d h' whu
;=kg msfok weh mdkaor my jk ;=re ilauka Ndjkdfjys fhKd h'
ysre t<ssh hdka;ka wdrKHN+hg jefgoa yS,a odkh ms<sfh, lrk
wfkla is,a ud;djkag Wo lsu i|yd weh t,suyka l=iaish fj;
.shd h' ms<sfh, lrk wdydrj, iqj| whu yuk ukaoudre;h yd
fj<S wdrKHh mqrdu ys me;=reKs' ilia l< wdydrj,ska je fldgi
msKavmd;h i|yd jk NslaIq wdrKHfha jev jik ysjreka i|yd
fjka lr ;eKs' NslaIQka jykafia,dg oka ms<s.ekajQ miq m%Odk Yd,djg
tla /ia jk is,a ud;dfjda ksYaYo j Tjqkf.a yS,a odkh je<y' is,a
ud;dfjda wdydr .ekSug m%:u pd;%dkql+,j m%;HflaId l<y' ,o
wdydrh n%yauphdj /lSug muKla wjYH m tu wdydr j<|sk njg
TjQyq m%;HflaId l<y' yS,a odkfhka miqj Ndck fidaod msis lr
;u ;ukaf.a l=j,g f.dia Ndjkd mqyqKqj wdrN lf<da h' ojig tla
f,la muKla je< fuu is,a ud;djka yg Tjqkf.a wdOHd;al hqKqj
fjkqfjka muKla ojfia b;s ld,h fjka lr .ekSug yelsjqKs'
whu nqoaO jkaokdfjka miq is,a ud;d ldhs wef.a mQK wjOdkh
Ndjkdj fj; fhduq l<d h' Yd, f;alal iy ufyda.ks .iaj,ska o
Wig jevqKq Yd, WK mrej,ska o jg jQ" wef.a l=vd l=h fj; f.dia
uki fjk;l fkd hefjk ksi, jQ Ydka; mirhl ojfia b;s ld,h
lsis ndOdjlska f;dr j yqol,d j .; l<d h'
jkfha ;=re ysia hg u iu;,d fldg .jdiSka iska ilauka
ujla ilia lr ;snqKs' ilauka m:h w;=.d msis lr is,aud;d ldhs
tla fldkl Rcq j iSrefjka isg .;a;d h' bhg .;a oE;a bKg
my<ska ol=Kq ms w,a, u; j w,a, nqref,ka ;nd w,a,d .;a;d h'
ug fyE oEia we;sj is; tl fldg ilauka uf tla fldkl isg
wksla fldkg Ydka; ixjr .ukska ilauka l<d h' ilauka m:fha tla
fldklg meKs miq ikaiqka ,d,s;Hfhka wdmiq ye kej; bhg
ilauka l<d h' fufia .ska .g lrk ilauka Ndjkdj" w,ilu"
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118
lEfuka miq we;sjk u;h" tfuka u ksu; ke;s lrkakla ne wehg

jegysKs' mdoh fmdf<djg jkjd;a iu. u nqoafOda jpkh fkd wefik
fia lshka Ydka; oauhlska meh lSmhla iEu WoEikl u weh ilauka
Ndjkdfjys fhKd h' isf;a iudh;a nqoafOda hkak is; m;=f,a .s,Su;a
fya;=fldgf.k ilaufkys oauh flfuka fjkia h' tu fjki;a
iu.u i;sh hqKq h' i;sh;a iudh;a b;d id:l f,i tla ;sfnk
fuu wjia:df wef.a uq Yrh u w;sYhska ieye,a njla we h'
;u .; wyfia mdfjka hkakla f,i o wehg oekqKs'
kj mKla kj m%fndaOhla ,enqjd fia wehg oekqKs' ;ekam;a jQ
is;lska yd ieye,a lhlska hq;=j is,a ud;d ldhs" w,xldr f,i w;=
ysKq mfhda .ila hg ys| .;a;d h' fuu .i wef.a ilauka uj
wi,u ;snQ .ils' tfia jd jQ weh iji ;=k jk ;=re Ndjkd l<d h'
ta wfkla is,a ud;djka nqoaO jkaokd lrk f,djhs' ish,af,da tl;=
wdrKH N+h w;=.d msis lr wjYH ;ekaj,g" wi, <sf|ka j;=r weo
msrjQy' bkamiq Tjqyq wi, le,hg f.dia wdydrhg iqiq m,d j. y;="
WK fudfghshka wdh tl;= lr f.k t;s' ijia hdufha h kd .kakd
is,a ud;dfjda kej; m%Odk Ou Yd,djg nqoaO jkaokd i|yd tla fj;s'
bkamiq ;u ;ukaf.a l=j,g kej; hk Tjqyq wjg le,fha yqol,dj
Wreu lrkska Ndjkd mqyqKq lghq;=j, ksr; jQy' is,a ud;d ldhs
kej; ilauka Ndjkdfjys meh lSmhla / isg miqj wef.a l=h ;=<g
;a uOHu rd;%sh f;la ys| Ndjkd lrkakS h'
wdpdh fldx.aud hgf;a isg fuu wdrKHhg meKs udi lSmh ;=<
is,a ud;d ldhs b;d Wkkafjka ldh.;di;s Ndjkdfjys ksr; jQjd
h' kuq;a lh .ek fif Wkkaj flka l wehf.ka .s,syS f.dia"
ndysr Yla;Ska .ek wehg g fmr ;snQ Wkkaj kej; biau;= wdf h'
ldh.;di;s Ndjkdj wehf.a wdfKsl wdOHd;al keUqrejg m%;sreoaO
j l%shd lsug mgka .;s' wjidkfha weh wef.a m%n, wka;rdhld
;a; wf.hg f.dre h' oEia mshfjkjd;a iu. u weh m%md;hlg
jefgkakd fia wehg oefkkakg mgka .;s Yajhg ;j;a ljqjla jD;
jQjd fia h' fudfyd;lska weh ;j;a wjodk .fIKhlg fkd oekqj;a
j u fhduq jQjd h'
119
bmK iEu ksfil= u uefrkjd kej; Wmkjd'

la lkaordjla we;s f ixidr pl%fha
kej; kej; Wmkjd uefrkjd'
iuyr g wm Wfoa fjkfldg uefrkak mqjka
iuyr g iji uefrkak mqjka
wms okafk keye kuq;a ksis f,dj wd g
urKh wm lrd mefKk nj k iarhs'
jkaokd .uk
YS; ld,h ksu fj;a u ol=Kq wyfia ysre by<g u k.ska ojfia
WKqiq ld,h .= lrhs' f ld,fha is,a ud;d ldhs lksIaG is,a ud;djka
lKavdhula o legqj ifldaka kfldaka kue;s hdno ia;%slalfha ta jk
g jdih l< wdpdh uqka N+o;a; ys neye oelSug jkaokd .ukla
ie,iq l<d h' f jk g YS; ld,fha weo yeeKq wjidk jeiai;a
ksu ;snqKs' wU .iaj, fmdl=re fmdl=re mSK u,a jgd u,a meKs ug
nv.skafka .=uq .=uq ko foka ueis fmd uq m%foaYh mqrd u me;sr
mshdir lr;s' jkaokd .uk k fod<yla mhska hd hq;= .= .ukls' mQ
mdka l jeh ;rKh lr ifldaka kfldaka m<d;g nei kdh .sh
l w;ka ndka mshq kd kdhs k jQ Yd, hdj;lg hdug ksh;
j ;snqKs' .ukg wjYH wdydr nka je jQ fyhska m%Odk l ;rKh
lsug muKla iEfyk wdydr f.k hEug ie,iq flreKs' llrfha
.udk msysfha ke;' hdj;a imfha wE;ska wE;ska .udk msysgd
;snQ w;r tllg tlla ojil .uklska hd yels jk fia msysgd ;snqKs'
tu . jeishkaf.a m;Hd.YS,SNdjh lrK fldg Tjqkf.a yS,a odkh
msuid .ekSug yelsjkq we;ehs Tjqyq l,amkd l<y' WKm;=rej,ska
iE uj, iy,a yiqrd .;s' ue fcda.=j, lg ok ud wpdre nyd
120
bj,ska ;ka mshka w,jd jid ilia lr.;a w;r h<s uia iy
ud" wdydr f,a lSmhla ilid .ekSug ;r ms<sfh, lr .;ay' .uk
w;ru. m,d wdh tl;= lr .ekSug is;d .;ay'
is,a ud;dfjda tlsfkld msgqmi ;ks fma<shlg is,a ud;d ldhs
uQ,sl j ndka yqwdhs idhs wdrKHfhka msg;a jQy' tla tla is,a ud;djka
.ukg w;HdjYH jk iq iq WmlrK o wdydrj,g wu;rj /f.k .sh
w;r l+vhla wdldrhg ieleiQ l=vd oe,a l+vdrula o tla tla ud;djlf.a
Wrysia nE.fha f.k .shy' tu l=vd ure oe,a l+vdru rd;%s ld,fha
urejkaf.ka wdrlaId u i|yd h' w;ska ueiQ fifrmamq Ialr wmdrj,a
Tiafia .uka lsug m%udKj;a h' ;o ysre wfjka wdrlaIdu i|yd
Tjqkf.a ysia iq fr lE,a,lska T;d jid .;ay'
uq,a oji f. hoa Tjqka mQ mdka l mduq,g im jQy' jkdka;rh
fld j,iqka f.ka yd imhkaf.ka .yk jQjls' ksire fyaka f.d;eka
l< l=vd .udk wE;ska wE;ska msysgd ;snqKs' foaY.=Kh n,dfmdfrd;a;=
fkdjQ whqka fjkia h' tfia jqj o mirh b;d ruKSh h' Yd,
ks,a WK nnq mre iy ufyda.ks .iaj,ska o Wi ;K mrej,ska o
mirh ;j;a w,xldr h' w;ka m;r msmS ;sfnk le,E u,aj,ska wjg
mirh jKj;a h' l .eg w;ka iEKq lfmd Yd, .iaj,ska
wdjrKh xf.hl yevh .;af;a h' ;ekska ;ek t,a,S jegqKq je,a
iys; le,E frdoj,a flfkl= f,fyisfhka u w;rux lsug iu;a h'
is,a ud;djkaf.a .uka ud.h je ;snqfka fujka mirhl h'
w;sYhska f;fygq l k.ska niska .uka lrk is,a ud;djkag
l=vd .udkhla yuq jQ l< .jdiSka Tjqkg wdydr oka ug hqyqiq
jknj Tjqkaf.a l;d niska jegyqKs' fifkyiska ms tu .jeishkag
wkqlmdfjka Tjqka mskuk iq foa jqjo msx fuka ndr .;ay' tu .f
iqiq h l;a;la fidhd h kd tu khkays rd;%sh o tys .; lf<a h'
l=vhla fia w;ska uid idod .;a wdjrKh isks lmq froaolska jg lr
l=vd l+vdrula fia ksujd" th .il w;a;l t,a,d tla tla is,a ud;djg
wejeis ksok l+vdru ilia lr .;ay' msre Tnjd idod .;a fldgh
Ndjkd lsug;a ksod .ekSug;a m%fhdackhg .;ay'
wNsksIal%uKh ( jkaokd .uk
iuyr rd;%Skays is,a ud;d ldhs wdpdh uqka f;reka jykafiaj

isysfkka gqjd h' Wkajykafia wE foi b;d Wkkafjka iy l=;=y,fhka
hq;= j n,d fufia uik njla ye h'
Tn fuf;la l,a fldfya o ysfha@ ud yuqfjkak fupr l,a
.;af;a wehs @ uu ojiska oji uy jk nj Tng fmakafk keoao @
wehg f woyia f;areKd fia weh Wrysia .eiaiqjd h' Wkajykafia
b;d blaukska yuqh hq;= ne tu y~ wehg ye h' iEu WoEikl u
is,a ud;dfjda Tjqkf.a ojfia tlu wdydr f, wkqNj l<y' n;a iu.
le,Efjka fidhd .;a m,d j. iy w, j. tu wdydr f,g we;=<;a
h' Tjqkf.a fuu wdydr f, Yrh iy uki mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd
muKla m%udKj;a j ilia lr .;s' .ufka is,a ud;dfjda mshjfrka
mshjr fudfyd;ska fudfyd; i;sh msysgqjd f.k ixjr j .uka lf<da
h'
Ialr l k.ska niska hdj;a yryd is,a ud;d ldhs iy
lKavdhu jkaokd .uk msg;a fodf<diajk k jk g wdpdh uqka
ys fjfik wdrKHh fmfkk f;la udkhg meKshy' Tjqka uq,ska
u uqK .eiqfKa fkdx mshq .udkfha . jeishka h' tys ldka;dfjda
wd.ka;=l i;aldrfhka ms b;d lreKdjka; msila jQy' is,a ud;djkag
h kd .ekSug iy is,a fr fidaod .ekSug TjQyq fnfyka Wmldr
l<y' h kd fjfyi ksjd .;a is,a ud;dfjda lkafoa wjidk fldgi
;rKh fldg wdpdh uqka iajdka jykafia jev is wdrKHhg msh
ke.+y'
wdpdh uqka ysf.a wimqj msysfha >k jkdka;rh jg lr
.;a Yd, hdj;l fl<jr h' l msysgd we;s wdldrh Oq;dx.Od
ysjrekag wjYH yqol,dj iy flh i|yd u iajdNdl j f.dv
ke.=Kq mirhla fuka h' l jefha ;ekska ;ek ;Kfld, fi,s
l< l=vd f.j,a myla yhla muK msysgd ;snqKs' Tjqka fyaka f.d;eka
l< w;r iuyre ovhka j;a jQfjda h' wdrKHjdiS NslaIQka jykafia,d
msKavmd;h i|yd jefha f l=vd f.j,a l=h fj; h' is,a ud;d
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122
ldhs iy wef.a msi o f .uk toa fndfyda g hemqfKa tjka l=vd

ksjdi l=j, j;a jQ jeishkaf.ka h'
wdpdh uqka ys nKuvqf ueo mqjla lE,a,la ymka jev iskq is,a
ud;dfjda wimqjg we;= fj;a u gqfjda h' yks ykslg fifrmamq .,jd
md fidaok Ndckfhka md fidaod" l=vd ,S msh .egfm, ke. nKuvqjg
we;= jQy' is,a ud;d ldhs oelSu wdpdh uqka ys yg ljo;a i;=gg
lreKla h' fuk o weh gq fudfydf;a mQ ;dhs .e jyfrka wehg
wdYSjdo fldg ysi mfilg yrjd iskdiqfKa h' is,a ud;dfjda ish,af,da
u tlg ;=ka jrla b;d .reire j Wkajykafiag je| kuialdr l<y'
Tjqkaf.a mdo milg kud f.!rjkSh f,i u| isky mdka mfilska
jd jQy' Wkajykafiaf.a oe khOr p;h okakd yefudau Wkajykafia
bfha b;d m%fi jQy'
wdpdh uqka ys o is,a ud;djka f.!rjfhka ms<sf.k i;=gq id
l;djkaf.ka miq tk rd;%shg wdrKHfha fl<jr WKmre f.duqjl
Tjqka f.kd l=vd l+vdr blr fl .kakdf,i okajd" miqk iar
l= idod fok njg Tjqkg fmdfrdka h' is,a ud;d ldhs yg leu;s
ld,hla tys / isug wjirh o ,nd kafka h' fmdfrdka jQ m miq
k . jeisfhda is,a ud;djkag iqiq l=vd ueis iys; l= WK nnqj,ska
idod kay' is,a ud;d ldhs ;u mjqf,a u fidfydhqhl fia kdhl ys
ie,l+f h'
WoEik yS,a odkfhka miq wdpdh uqka ys NslaIQka jykafia,d
iy is,a ud;djka Tyq jgd ysjd f.k" l f,djla Tjqkg iqiq Ou
wjjdohla kafka h' fndfyda g Tjqkf.a w,il .ek h fkdue;s lu
iy wIaGdk Yla;sh we;s fkd lr .ekSu .ek Tjqkg neK jefKah' ta
yeu idlPdjla u b;d M,odhs h' is,a ud;d ldhsf.a Ndjkd w;aoelS
.ek;a ndysr f,dalhka yd we;slr .;a {dkuh inkaO;d .ek;a
ia;r oek .ekSug kdhl ys leue;a; m< lf<a h' kuq;a ta yeu
wjia:djl u tu ndysr oYkhkaf.a ksjer;djh .ek reoaO;ajhla
fkd mE w;r tu m%{d wei ndysr oYkj,g fkdj ;u yoj; ;=<g
fhduq lr.kakd f,i Wkajykafia wehg lreKdfjka wjjdo Wkka
l<y' is,a ud;d ldhs yg ;u YsIag yelshdjka wkqkg fmkaug

wdYdjla ;snQ w;r ta .ek weh wdvnrlula o oelajQjd h'
wdpdh uqka f;reka jykafia gq kqgq tfukau o;a fkdo;a ish
f,dalhka ms<sn| ia;r okakd .=rejrfhls' Bg;a jvd w;smsis YsIag
ukila we;s .=rejrfhla o h ( wef.a yelshdjka .ek Wkajykafia i;=gq
jqj o tu yelshdjkaf.ka wehg h yels wk;=re .ek o ie,ls,su;a
jQfhah' ldg;a jvd tu oYkhkays we;s wk;=reodhl nj iy tu.ska
,nk oekSf uq,dj .ek o Wkajykafia oek isfha h' msis uki
ish,a, ta wdldrfhka u meye,sj olS' kuq;a bka tllg fkd wef,a'
wdpdh uqka ys weh olsk oYk .ek iy w;aoelS .ek weh olajk
woyia fjkia lr .ekSug fkdfhla l%u iy ms<sfj;a lshd kafka h'
flfia jqjo mqreoafoka is;g ;ka ld jeKq m%jK;djhka ta weneys
ksid u is; ;=< wf.hla we;s lrhs' wjqre .Kkdjlg m%:u is,a
ud;d ldhs ksis uf.ys heug n,j;a jQ l%shdYS,S .=rejrfhl= wkd.;fha
yuqjk nj wdpdh uqka ys oek isfha h' wjidkfha thg ksis ld,h
ffojhg Ndr ;snQ w;r wef.a mQK msu i|yd lreKq ilia u o
ffojhg Ndr ;snqKs'
jifrka jir is,a ud;d ldhs wks;Hh wjfndaOfhka gqjd h'
ksrka;rfhka fjkia jk iajNdjh wdpdh uqka ia:rhkaf.a ldhsl
iajNdjh j, fjka fjkia jk whqre weh gqjdh' Wkajykafiaf.a
Yrh blaukska jhig hk whqre o wehg fmkqKs' kuq;a Wkajykafiaf.a
uki w;sYhska nenf<k huka;shla fia h' is,a ud;d ldhs
Wkajykafia iu. wd.l jQ;a wdOHd;al jQ;a im ine|shdjla we;s
j f.!rjfhka weiqre l<d h' wef.a is,a ud;d wdrKHh ljej,ska
hdj;aj,ska wE; msysh o wef.a rd;%s Ndjkdjkays Wkajykafia Bg
inkaO ukiska / isk ne weh oek ishd h' Wkajykafiaf.a
oYkh m%Ndiajr jQ wdlIKSh oiqkls' kuq;a tu oYkfha weh miq.sh
jika;fha Wkajykafiaf.ka iuqf.k wd miq b;d widOH wikSmhlg
f.dre jQ njla oelafjk oiqkla fkd fmkqKs'
123
124
ld,h f. h;a u frda.d;=r j is uqka f;reka jykafia f.a wikSm

;;a;ajh W.% jkakg h' wef.a rd;%S oiqkays Wkajykafia fmkS isf
iajNdjh fjkia h' tla rd;%shl gq oiqkla ;=< weh bfhka fmkS
iska mud ug l,ska tla j;djla Wkajykafia yuqug tk f,ig
is;a ii, lrjk wkqfokSh iajrhlska wehg l;d lf<a h' iajNdj
Oufha i;H ;;a;ajh weh oek ish o Wkajykafia urKhg m;a
jkafka hhs is;Sug weh h jQjd h' j;a f;a urKfha;a iajNdjh
yd tajdfha fkd je<elah yels wia:djr iajNdjhhs tjka b,a,Sula
ukig ,enqKo weh Wkajykafia oelSug hEu l,a oeuqjd h' lSm jdrhla
u wef.a oYk ;=<ska mud fkd Wkajykafia yuqug tk f,ig mKsv
,enqKs' Wkajykafiaf.a wikSmh W.% u tfuka u urKhg wdikak u
.ek fkd;ld tu wikSmh iqj w;g yefh hk n,dfmdfrd;a;=j weh
;=< jOkh h' tksid Wkajykafia neyeoelSug hEu weh l,a oeuqjd h'
wef.a wdOHd;al uYkhka fya;=fjka o Wkajykafia wef.a oYk ;=<
ks;r fmkS isk fyhska o weh tu .uk l,a oeuqjd h' weh iuyr g
lue,sjkakg o we;' lreKq flfia jqjo Wkajykafia yuqu wef.ka
w;miq h' weh fkdfhla jr ;u is,a ud;djkag wdfh;a .= jkaokd
.uklg iQodk jk f,ig oekajqj o" Bg ksh; khla weh Tjqkg
oekajQfha ke;'
uOHu rd;%sh miq tla fydardjla .; jqKs' wre jegqKq fudfydf;a isg
weh Ndjkd lf<a ys|s bhfjka h' fudfyd;lska .eUqre fkd fi,afjk
ksi,;djhla we;sj ;sh wdpdh uqka ysf.a ma;su;a oYkh wef.a
Ndjkd oiqkg wka;su jrg fmkqKs' Wkajykafiaf.a oYkh m%Ndiajr
h' .s.=re y~lska wehg l;d l< iajNdjh oel weh fjjd h' wef.a
fkdie,ls,su;alu .ek Wkajykafia Wia yka wehg fpdaokd l<y'
ohdnr msfhla wdorKSh hKshlg f,v we| imhg tk f,i jka
jr l< wdhdpkd weh neyer l< nj Wkajykafia foore y~lska lSf
h' oeka Bg mud je h' ;j fudfyd;lska Wkajykafia msksjka mdkq
we;' f,dalfhka iodld,slj u iuq .kq we;' weh Wkajykafia oelSug
.shfyd;a Wkajykafiaf.a uD;foayh muKla oelsh yels jkq we;' weh
ms<s.ekSug tys {dkhla fkd mj;skq we;' fkdie,ls,su;a nj yd
w,ilu ksid jdikdjka; wjia:djla .s,sySu is h'
is,a ud;d ldhs flf,ia iys; yeSj,g Tnj hg lr .kak

bv fokak tmd tajd ue ue Wmk ksula ke;s fmryerlg uq,
msug fya;=jk foaj,a h' udkisl flf,ia je wk;=rla ke;s iq
foaj,a yehg lsis kl is;kakg tmd' ta m%fhda.ld /j,s mrdch
l< yelafla ffOhh wIaGdkh we;s yoj;lg muKs' is; ;=<g t
n,kak' Ouh Tf u. fmkajkakd lr .kak'
mG wdfmda f;afcd jdhq fmdf<dj wyi l .ia jHf,dal" wmdh
iy fm%a;fhda hk fjd ud. M, fyda ksjdKh fkd f' fjd Tng
i;H fy,sor lrkafka ke;' ta ;ekaj, ksjk we;ehs n,dfmdfrd;a;=
jkak tmd' tajdg wh;a idudkH Ih lafIa;%h ;=< i;H njla fmkqK o
Tn fidhk i;Hh tys fkdue;' tajdg we,Sfuka ksula ke;s f l=re
ixidrfha Tn j /f.k hkq we;' tl ;ek lerflkak tmd' yoj;
;=<g t n,kak' Oufha h:d:h biau;= tkafka yoj; ;=<ska muKs'
th ma;su;a j nenf<kafka yoj; ;=< muKs' j,dl= fkdue;s wyil
nenf<k mqr y| fuks'
whu ysre t<sh jeug;a m%:u is,a ud;d ldhs iud Ndjkdfjka
ke.S ishd h' YS;, oyhlska wef.a iq is,a fr weg weKd fia
oekqKs' wef.a is;g;a lhg;a fjfyila l<lsula oekqKs' yoj; m;=f,a
fokdld isrla we;s njla yoj;g f;areKs' weh lla ydkais jqj o
ksod .ekSug k wmyiq h'
u;= wd yeSj, Yla;sh b;d m%n, h' weh fika yqiau .kska
;ksju y~kakg jQjd h' fokdj ;=rka lr .ekSug fjfyi oerejd h'
ysre t<sh ;u l=hg jefg;a u is,a ud;d ldhs ke.sg is;g f.k
lir .ukska wksla is,a ud;djka uqK .eiSug Ou Yd,dj fj; .shd
h' l;d lsug lg wkjd;a iu. u wef.a fofk;ska l lvd yeKs'
Wkajykafiaf.a oekuq;=l" b.eka iy urKh f.dkq lr .;a" wdpdh
uqka uyd f;reka jykafiaf.a wjidk oYkh wef.a f;d,a w;ka yd
luq,a f.a .,d f.k .sh l iu. h .sfha h' is,a ud;d ldhsf.a
r olakd {dk Yla;Ska .ek wka ish is,a ud;dfjda oek ish o f
fYdalS mqj; tieKska u Ndr .ekSug Tjqka iQodk jQfha ke;'
125
126
is,a ud;d ldhsf.a la uqiq l;dj ksu j;a u ish is,a ud;dfjda tl
fmdhla tl tl woyia lshjkakg jQy' tff,ys Yd,df msh .eg
fm< wi,g meKs . uq,doEkshd l= udhs" ;ju Tn,dg wdrx keoao@
Tn,dg wdrxh ,enqfKa keoao@ hs wika Tyq . iqiu
q la fy<d isyk
s a
iajrfhka wdpdh uqka iajdka jykafia Bfha rd;%s ifldka kfldkays
msksjka mE ne uu kd lSmhlg l,ska ffhdafjka wid oek .;a;d'
rd;%s 2'23 g Wkajykafia msks nj Tjqka oekq kakd' hs lSf h'
is,a ud;dfjda oe fYdalfhka y~kakg jQy' . uq,doEKshd iudj
whka l=ka udhs" - ug iudfjkak uu ys;=jd Tn,d f wdrxh oek.;
hq;=hs lsh,d' hs lska mejiqf h' wdpdh uqka uy f;reka jykafia
1949 fkdjen ui 10 jeks k msks fial' ta is,a ud;d ldhsf.a
y;,sia wgfjks ckau kh miq k follg miqj h' Wkajykafiaf.a
wjika wdodyk lghq;= ckjd ui w.g fh ;snqKs' ta jk g is,a ud;d
ldhs tla jrla wef.a wjika f.!rjh mqo lsu i|yd ifldka kfldka
fj; f.dia ;snqKs' is,a ud;d ldhs foayh ;ekam;a lr ;snQ foK bfha
oK .eiqjd h' uQK; refjka idod ksu l< kSfmh ;=< nyd
;snQ Wkajykafiaf.a wm%dKsl ksi, foayh gq wef.a fokdj ord.;
fkdyels ;r je h' ldg;a fkd wefik fia wef.a ish jerj,g
Wkajykafiaf.ka iudj whe h'
uyd f;fr mudfok '''''''''' hs wheo wkd.;fha fkd ie,ls,u
s ;a
fkdug;a w,i fkd ug;a lmd fkd ug;a ksy~ j fmdfrdka jQjd
h'
wdodyk kh <x fj;a u is,a ud;d ldhs iy msi kej; jrla
ifldka kfldka n,d msg;a j .shy' NslI
a k
Q a jykafia,d foK Tijdf.k
;lh fj; hk fudfydf;a Tjqyq wdodyk N+hg meKshy' is,a ud;d
ldhs we;= ish,af,da foayh /.;a fok Tjqka miqlr hoa y~kakg jQy'
Wkajykafia g l,lg fmr ksjka wjfndaO l< W;a;u ys kuls'
Wkajykafiag kej; bmula fkdue;' fYdal mfoaj la fodkia
Wkajykafia miqmi fkd tkq we;' ueh /fhys ;lhg .sks oe,a
jqKs' is,a ud;d ldhs .,a .eiS n,d ishd h' i|t<sh" oe,afjk ;lh
u; jefgoa Wkajykafia wehg im j iskakd fia wehg ye=Ks'
127
h:d:h oelSf
Yla;sh wvx.= ukfia
w;smdY=oaO idrh
128
129
;ukaf.a uqrKavqlu oel nqoau;ayq

uqrKavqlu ykd.ks;s'
isf;ys lkiai,a, oel
lkiai,a, ykd.ks;s'
fudayh oel th o y ye ykd .ks;s'
kqjKe;af;da Tjqkf.a wvq yq~ql oel ykd.ks;s'
wkqkaf.a wvq mdvq fiug fkd h;s'
lu m: fokh
is,a ud;d ldhs ;u h fo.=K l<d h' weh Ndjkd lrk yeu
wjia:djl u ;u wjOdkh yoj; ;=<g fhduq lr tys r|jd ;nd .ekSug
wIaGdk l<d h' kuq;a yoj; ;=< is; r|jd .ekSug ;e;a l< yeu
wjia:djl u weh udkisl w.dOhlg weo jegqKs' weh weia msh jQ yeu
wjia:djl u wehg ye=fKaa uyd Wi lkaola Wv isg ysia wjldYhlg
jefgkakd fia h' rEm ix{d lE,s lE,s ukig jka jr iq fudfyd;la
oYkh h bkamiq ksi, nfjls' Ydka; ;ekam;a nfjls ''''''''''' ksi,
i;=fgls' kuq;a fuu ksi,;djfha we;=<; isg meK k.sk wef.a {dk
Odrdj laIKsl j f.fhka wdmiaig mek" kd kd rEm ix{d we;s ;,hl
/Ks' fuu mdfjk wjldYhg we;=,a jQ miq is,a ud;d ldhs kej;
;udg yqre mqre ksjig meKshdla fia yefkakg h' fuu wNsryia
ux udj;a Tiafia ksoyfia yeisug weh oek ishd h' fudfyd;lska
weh ;j;a f,dalhla ykd tys /Kd h' yeSula" fhduqula" Yrhla
ke;s {dk ix{d .Kkdjla we;s" bkash l%shdld;ajhla muKla we;s
wdYaphj;a ;,hl wef.a {dkh msysghs'
130
w;S;fha i;Hh wjfndaO lsug weh ;=< ;snQ wdYdj ixidrfha

ieirk fjk;a i;aj f,dal oel .ekSu i|yd fhduq h' ks;r ks;r
u fuu oYk oel n,d .ekSf mqreoaola ;snQ weh" tu f,dalhkays j;a
jk kaf.a woyia yqjudre lr.kakd l%u" Tjqkf.a is;a ;a iy
Yajdihka oek .;a;d h' fuu jH{dkh weh wdOHd;al jYfhka
Yajh mqrd ysjka nqrcdKka jykafia b.ekajQ m%{dj iy i;Hh
ms<sn| fydavqjdjka fidhd .ekSug yels oehs fidhd nejd h' fufia
weh kej; jdrhla ndysr f,dalhg ;u is; fhduq lrka wk;=rg ,la
fjka ishd h'
is,a ud;d ldhs fufia ;u Ndjkd mqyqKqf w;rux o,k
ld,fha wdpdh uqka f;reka jykafiaf.a b;d im f.da, kula
OudjfndaOfha wjidk mshjr lrd t<U is nj weh oek fkd ishd h'
tfia u Wkajykafiaf.a;a wehf.a;a lu m: tlsfklg wkd.;fha yria
jk nj o weh fkdoek ishd h'
wdpdh uqka ysf.a wdodykfhka miq wdpdh uyd fndajd
{dkimkafkd ysfhda mQ mdka llr wdrKHh lrd mefKka
isfha h' k .Kkdjla md .ukska je Wkajykafia wdpdh fldx.a
ud ys jev is j fvdahs Oufp;s wdrKHhg <d jQfha h' fuu
wdrKHh wjqre lSmhlg fmr is,a ud;d ldhs ;u wyxldr is;s,s
iu. igka lrka wdOHd;al iekiqu fijQ wdrKHhhs' wdpdh uyd
fndajd ys ukfia flf,ia i;=rka wdl%uKh l< mmQK wdOHd;al
rK refjls' Wkajykafia flf,ia i;=rka foi nef ;ud ueug
tk i;=rka f,i h' tjka i;=rka kdY lsu kd bka fuyd lsisjlg
Wkajykafiaf.ka bvla fkd ,enqKs' Wkajykafiaf.a wjqre .Kkdjl
Ndjkd mqyqKqj imQKfhka u hqO ix.%duhla fuka h' mhxlfhka
ys| l< iEu Ndjkdjla u i;=rka yd w;ska mhska l< igkla n h'
ilaukska l< iEu Ndjkdjla u ;h;a urKh;a w;r jQ igfkls'
yoj; we;=f<a is m%;sjdka tla tlaflkd miq neiSug ,la l< w;r
Wka yg lsis lreKdjla fkd oela h' lsis hqO isrlrefjl= r|jd
.;af;a o ke;' ksoh f,i flf,ia miqmi yqne| hka Wkaf.a n,h
h:d:h oelSf Yla;sh wvx.= ukfia w;smY=oaO idrh ( lu m: fokh
/ we;s ;eka fiug W;aiql jQfha h' myiqfjka ykd.; yels ks;r u
u;= fj tk flf,ia uq,ska u ykd .ekSug h .;af;a h' ix.%duhl
mdn, finka u;= fj toa Wka iu. igka lrka" ud.h msis
lr.kska" YsIag yelshdjka we;s finka is N+hg we;= h' ishq
f,i ie,iq lrk lmlj,ska rjgka udhdld f,i" mek hdug
udk n,ka isk finka bhg uqyqKg uqyqK ,d wdf h' ta i;=re
fikam;shd" Wf.a is; ;=< we;s i;H ;;aFjh tk fudayh fkd fmkakd
wka flf,ia yiqrejkafkls'
rd.h iy oafIh W;amdokh lrjk m%Odk flf,i jk fudayh
yoj; m;=f,a iEu ff,a u lm f,i ie is' fl,jrla ke;s
ixidr .ufka m%Odk md,lhd jk fudayh uefrk ;=rd flf,ia kue;s
yuqodfjka wdrlaId lrkq ,nhs' fuu mSvdld wk;=frka uki frd
.ekSug k fudayfha /ljrKhg bkakd flf,ia finka ksrdhqO lr
Tjqkaf.a m%fhda.ld n,h uqukska u kdY lr oeh hq;= h' m%Odk
n,fldgqj jk fudayh kdY lsu i|yd wdpdh uyd fndajd ys Tyqf.a
fYaI mqyqKq ,o yuqodjka jQ i;sh iy m%{dj tla /ia lr" fudayh ,e.=
f.k we;s i;=re n,fldgqj jg,d fldgq lrk ,' i;=re wdrlaIl
n,uq i;s fiakdfjka uqyqKg uqyqK yuqfjka" m%{d n,fhka
wl%sh lrka l%u l%ufhka m%Odk n,fldgqf iSud f;la meKshy'
ish flf,ia m%ydKh l< miq yoj; keue;s n,fldgqj ;=< wka;sug
b;sjQfha flf,ia yuqodjg wKka m%Odk fikam;shd muKs' ta wmj ur
urd Wmojka ixidr .uk ilia lrjk fudayhhs'
wjidk wdl%uKh mgka .;s' ,sh n f.fhka iy wjg nnqjk
n,hlska fudayfha wjika uQ,ia:dkh iyuq,ska u kdYlr ouk ,' ta
iu. u iir .uk kue;s uyd n,fldgqj lsisjla b;s fkd lvd je
ug u iu;,d fkd fmkS .sfha h' b;s jQfha flf,ia j,ska f;dr"
h:d:h oelSf Yla;sh wvx.= ukfia w;smdY=oaO idrh muKs'
;j;a uy ry;ka jykafia kula f,dj my< jQ j.hs'
tu jif jia iSu ksu jkjd;a iu. u is,a ud;d ldhs"
wef.a Ndjkd oYk ;=<ska tla kl wyfia ,sfika ;snQ ;drldjka
131
132
ug jefgkq oel we;' tu oiqkg wef.a w:l:kh jQfha w;sfYaI

luGdkdpdhka jykafia kula iy mskajka; YsIH msila ndka yqwdhs
idhs fj; < u tk njhs' tu oYkfha iajNdjh .ek w;sYhska
m%fndaOj;a jQ weh" wjqre .Kkdjlg fmr wdpdh uqka f;reka jykafia
wehg i|yka l< .=rejrhd fuu oYkfhka bs l< wdpdhjrhd h
yels njg oe Yajdihla we;s lr .;a;d h'
is,a ud;d ldhs wfkla is,a ud;djkag fuu wdrxh meye,s l<d
h' ,nk jif w;sfYaI lugyka .=re;=fula iu. Oq;dx.Od NslaIQka
lKavdhula f fmfoig jk ne oe Yajdihlska hq;= j weh Tjqkg
oekajQjd h' is,a ud;d ldhs weh n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ iajdka jykafia
lreka oehs ksYa; jYfhka oek fkd ish o weh gq oYkfha wvx.=
ix{dfjys lsis ielhla wehg fkd ;snqKs' weh l=vd oehl j ish
tjeks u ix{djla oel udi lSmhlg miq wdpdh uqka ys iy msi ;u
.u wdikakhg meKs w;S; isoah wehg isys h' fujr oYkh oel
udihlg muK miq ixpdrl NslaIQka lKavdh lSmhla tys meKsh o"
meKs lsisfjl= weh n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ fYaIs; ysku fkd h' lSm
gla tfia n,dfmdfrd;a;= iqka weh idxldfjka ;u wrKg .shd h'
1951 jIfha ckjd udifha wdpdh uyd fndajd uyd f;reka
jykafia ;j;a Oq;dx.Od ysjre lKavdhula o legqj mQ mdka l
jeh nei ndka yqwdhs idhs .udkhg W;=ka we;s le,fha ,e.= .;ay'
Wkajykafia,d tu le,fha .,a f,kaj," mj; l=yr ;=< .ia hg ;u
l=vd l+vdr blr .;ay' Tjqka Oq;dx. NslaIQka wkq.ukh lrk Ndjkd
l%u mqyqKq fjka pd ; f.k .shy' wdpdh uyd fndajd ys jdih
i|yd tla .,a f,kla f;dard .;a w;r th .udkfha tla fldkl
isg ie;mqulg jvd u|la ka msysfha h' Wkajykafia f;dard .;a
f,k fkdla wka k h' tla idufKar ys kula Wka jykafiag
wdjf;ajl lsug k lr ;snqKs' th m<,a j . j msysgd ;snQ w;r
f,k bh l.,a w;=< fia iajNdl j ilia ;snqKs' f,k we;=<;g
isis,a nj iy jd;dY%h hyka ,enqKs' fuu ruKSh iajNdjh yqol,d
;hla f.k hEug w;sYhska W; mirhla h'
wdpdh uyd fndajd f;reka jykafiaf.a meKSu wdrx jQ jyd u

;j;a is,a ud;djka lSmfofkl=;a iu. is,a ud;d ldhs Wkajykafia neye
oelSug .shd h' ;rula Ialr lkaola ke. w mdrla Tiafia Wkajykafia
jev is f,k wi,g hk g wE; u l=vd .,a mrhla Wv Ydka; j
jd is ys kula gqjd h' tu oYkfhka bjid.; fkd yels i;=gla
wef.a is; ;=<ska u;= wdf h' weh ;udg u fufia lshd .;a;d h'
f jev bkafka Wkajykafia ;uhs' ug ,efnkjd hhs lS ta YsIag
lugyka .=rejrhd'
wE; isg u uy;a jQ f.!rjhlska ysi kud f.k Wkajykafia
imhg meKs is,a ud;dfjda oKska je ;=ka jrla wdpdh uyd fndajd
ysg jkaokd l<y' uQ,sl i;=gq id l;dj,ska miq weh l=vd wjfha
uq,ajrg wdpdh uqka uyd f;reka jykafia wehg uqK .eiqKq whqre lSjd
h' bkamiq flka l Wkajykafia hgf;a Ndjkdj bf.k .;a whqre;a
miqj Wkajykafia m%foaYh w;yer hoa wehg Ndjkdj kj;k f,ig ka
wjjdoh we;= ia;r weh uyd fndajd ys bfha fkd ijd lSjd h'
bkamiq wjqre .Kkdjla Ndjkd fkdlr isg is,a ud;djla j iiqka .;
jQ miq kej; Ndjkdj wdrN l< nj;a weh mejiqjd h'
wdpdh uqka ysf.a b;d im f.da, ys kula jQ uydfndajd ys
wef.a l;dj wid l=;=y,hg m;ah' weh Ndjkd lsu keje;ajQfha wehs@
is,a ud;d ldhs wef.a Ndjkd m%.;sh iu. O oYk olsk ia;r
lshoa Wka jykafiag tu m%Yakhg ms<s;=re ,e ;snqKs' tfia lSug
fya;=j Wkajykafiag jegyqKs' wdpdh uyd fndajd ys uqK .efik
ld,h jk g is,a ud;d ldhs wef.a iud Ndjkdj ;=<ska jir oyhla
muK ld,hla O Iu ixisoaka Y%j oelSug mqre j ishd h' weh
tu oYk kqgq wjia:djkays Ndjkdj fyd|ska fkd flrefKa hhs wehg
is;=Ks' tu ndysr oYkhkag weh fldhs ;r weneys o lshf;d;a l
ksu lsf ksjer u. th ne wehg ;o Yajdihla we;s h' wdpdh
uyd fndajd wef.a jro ta fudfydf;a u jgyd .;af;a h' m<mqrel
we;s olaI lugyka .=rejrfhl= fkdue;s j" weh iSudjka blaujd f.dia
h' wef.a m%n, udkisl yelshdjka u.ska wehj jer b,lalhka fj;
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134
/f.k f.dia we;s ne Wkajykafiag jegyqKs' tfiau weh jeks m%n,

udkisl Yla;shla we;s ;eke;a;shlg ksjer u. lshd mqyqKq l<fyd;a
Ouh ksjer j jgyd .; yels ud.hg msish yels ne Wkajykafia
jgyd .;a fial' wdpdh uqka ys is;=jd fia u uyd fndajd ys o weh i;=
m%n, udkisl yelshdjka ksjer j yiqrejk whqre wehg myod kfyd;a"
wehg blauKska lska ksoyia ug yels nj;a" wka wh o lska ksoyia
lsug yelsjk nj;a Wkajykafiag fmkqKs'
wE;ska is is,a ud;d ldhs jka jr wdpdh fndajd jev is
wdrKHhg hEu is;la lr .;a;d h' i;shlg jrla" i;r fmdfydh
kj, weh wef.a ifydaor is,a ud;djka o legqj lkao k.ska ijia
jk g Wkajykafia je| f.!rj oelau i|yd tu wdrKHhg .shd h'
tu khkays rd;%s ld,fha Wkajykafia iska is lrk is;a.kakdiq
wikakkaf.a WfoHda.h je lrjk wk> Ou foaYkdjlg ijka ug o
wu;l fkd l<d h' Ou foaYkdj ksu jQ g is,a ud;d ldhsf.a Ndjkd
m%.;sh .ek Wkajykafia wef.ka uiQy' tfia uiQ yeu wjia:djl
u is,a ud;d ldhs wef.a uki ndysr f,dalhg hk whqre;a fm%a; N+;
kaf.a oYk oelSu muKla ms<sn|j;a ia;r Wkajykafiag oekajQjd
h' wef.a jH f,dal fm%a; f,dal ;rKh lsu iy tu oYk oelSfuka
tu i;a;ajhkaf.a jk rgdj .ek wjfndaOhla we;slr .ekSug o
wehg yels ne oekajQjd h' wehg fm%a;hkaf.a udkisl ;;aFjh .ek
lSug yelshdjla ;snqKs' tu fm%a;hka N+;hkaf.a merKs lu mdl
fya;=fjka tu wjdikdjka; wd;au Ndjhka ,enQ whqre ia;rd;aul j
lSug wehg yelshdjla ;snqKs' fuu woaN+; oYk iy ta wkqidrfhka wE
,;a oekqu fya;= fldgf.k weh wef.a tu yelshdjkag jYS jd,a
is njla meye,sju fmkqKs' fuu lreK wdpdh uyd fndajd ysf.a
lkiai,a,g fya;= h' ndysr f,dalhka fj; wef.a uki fufyhf
YsIag yelshdjka .ek Wkajykafia uy;a fia mqu jQ kuq;a" wef.a uki
ksis fia md,kh lr .kska Ndjkdj bhg f.k hd fkdyels ne
Wkajykafiag jegyqKs' is; ndysr wruqKq lrd fkd hjd tl lr .;a
uki ;u lh foig;a is; foig;a fhduq lrjk whqre bf.k .ekSug
Wkajykafia wehg wjjdo kay' Wiia udkisl hqKqjla lrd hEug wef.a
is; m;=f,a ;snQ flf,ia bv fkdfok fyhska ksjer i;sh msysgqjd

.ekSfuka muKla th ilia lr.; yels ne o myod kay'
Ndjkdf uQ,sl wruqK h hq;af;a iud iudh hqKqlr .ekSu
nj wdpdh fndajd ys myod kafka h' iudh yye mqyqKq lsug k
wef.a is; ;ka ne ;sfnk tfuka u i;sh fkdu. hjk wef.a is;s,s
iy ix{d w;yeh hq;= njg wjjdo lf<a h' mqreoaola fia wef.a is;
fnfyka u tu ndysr ix{d iy oYkj,g we hdula fmkqKs' iudh
ksjer j mqyqKq lsf isf;ys mj;sk h:dN+; {dkfha iajNdjh oek
.ekSug yels jk w;r tu oekSu fN!;sl yd udkisl jia;+ka flfrys
lsis we,Sulska f;drj tu oE jgyd .ekSug Wmldr jkq we;' h:dN+;
{dkh ukfia my< jk ix{d" oYk" is;s,s iy yeSj,g jvd mq,a
jQ oekSuls' th ndOlj,ska f;dr j ish,a, ord .kakd kuq;a lsisjla fkd
r|jd .kakd ukfia wNHka;r ksi, ;ekls' fuu udkisl msf n,h
we;slr .;fyd;a th wiS; .eUqrlg ysug yels jkq we;' fuu
wjia:djg <dug m%:u ndysr wruqKq lrd is; fhduq u fjk;lg
fhduq lrhs'
uq, is,a ud;d ldhs" wE olsk ndysr f,dalhkays woaN+; oYk
.ek ia;r lshoa wdpdh fndajd ys tu l;d wid ishd muKs' wef.a
ukfia wdOHd;al Yla;sfha m%n,;djh Wkajykafia oek ishy' tfia
oek weh i;= {dkh is; ;=< u th wdrN jQ ;ekg fhduq lrjk f,i
b;d ikaiqka j b,a,d is fial' {dkh isf;ys mj;sk l%shdld;ajhla
muKla nj;a isf;ys m;% jQ idrh th fkdjk nj;a Wkajykafia wehg
fndfyda wjia:dj, okajd we;' weh {dkh w; yeh hq;=hs" tfuka u
ixialdr u.ska ilia l< oekSu o w; yeh hq;=hs' tg ukfia i;H jQ
h:d ;;a;ajh b;s jkq we;'
i;s lSmhla miq jqj o Wkajykafiaf.a wjjdo weh fkdi,ld isk
nj fmkqK fyhska wehg ;rfha wjjdo foka" Ndjkdj ;=< uki
;ud ;=<g fhduq lr.kakd f,ig;a ndysr wruqKq fj; fhduq fkd lrk
f,ig;a oe f,i lSy' b|ysg ndysr wruqKq lrd is; fhduq l<;a is;
we;=<g fhduq lsu .ek jvd;a u ie,lsh hq;= ne wehg ;rfha lshd
135
136
ishy' ;u is; we;=<g yd msg;g fhduq lrk l%uh bf.k .kakd

yehg o Wkajykafia wehg wjjdo ka fial'
ndysr j wE olsk oiqka wef.a isf;ys wNHka;r ufkda bkash;a
iu. tlajk fyhska is,a ud;d ldhs tajd ;u is; iska lrkq ,nk
msis .fIKhka hhs jrojd f;are .;a;d h' wef.a iud Ndjkdfjka
,nk ixisoaka .ek uYkh lsfuka" ix{djka iska ykd jgyd
ka {dkfha h:d ;;a;ajh oek.; yels hhs weh Yajdi l<d h' wef.a
uqrKavqlu biau;= " weh mqyqKq l< ud.h fjkia lsug weh iQodk
jQfha ke;' Wiia ;;a;ajhlska mj;sk wef.a oekSu iy m%{dj wE ;u
Njkd ;=<ska ,nk ne lshka ;l l<d h' th fjkia lsug lsis
fya;=jla weh kqgqjd h'
wdpdh uyd fndajd ys" weh olsk oYk Yajfha idudkHfhka
mj;sk foaj,a nj b;du;a bjiSulska wehg myod kafka h' msh weiska
olsk foaj,a yd iudk j tajdfha lsis fYaI;ajhla fkdue;s ne o je
rg;a myod kafkah' weh olsk ndysr f,dalhkays ka yd i;a;ajhka
ukqIH f,dalfha weh olsk i;a;ajhka yd iudk f' ta oYk foflys
fjkila fkdue;' ndysr f,dalj,g wh;a i;a;ajhka ukqIH f,dalfha
i;a;ajhka fuka w;ska we,a,sh fkdyels f.dfrdaiq fkd jk rEm jqj o"
tajd ;ukaf.a oekSfuka mndysr jQ oE h' we;a; jYfhka u f oYk
olsk ;eke;a;df.a me;af;ka is;f;d;a fN!;sl foa oelSf;a ndysr
jQ i;ajf,dal ukiska oelSf;a lsis fjkila fkdue;' f wjia:d
foflys u olskafka ndysr f,dalhl we;s ndysr wruqKq h' fufia msgg
ysfok wjOdkh kj;d Ydj fjkia lr tu {dkh ;ud foig yrjd
ukfia i;H jQ iajNdjh" yrh" idrh oek .kakehs Wkajykafia wehg
oe j Wmfoia kay' h:dN+; {dkfha W,am; ykd .kakehs lSy'
is,a ud;d ldhs .ska .g u Wkajykafia ka tu woyiaj,g reoaO
jQjdh' uiska iEKq weiska olsk rEm fuka fkdj jeiska wiajdNdl
mqu foa oelsh yel' jeig fm%a;hka N+;hka oelSug yelshdjla we;'
jeig ish jH f,dalhka yd inkaO fojreka oel Tjqka yd
im;djhla we;slr .; yels h' jeig fmr wd;au oelsh yels h'
ksjer j wkd.; isoaka oelsh yel' fufia ,nk oekSu iy olsk

oYk idudkH bkashkaf.ka oek ykd .kakd oehg jvd Wiia hhs
is;k ia:djrfha weh ishd h'
wdpdh uyd fndajd .ska .g u isfjka mj;sk wef.a uqrKavqlu
bjid isug iQodk jQfha ke;' wehg wjjdo ka ikaiqka l%uh fjkia
lr iefrka yd Wia yka l;d fldg ndysr f,dalhkays oYk fj; ;u
uki fhduq fkd lrk f,i Wmfoia kafka h' jer Ydjg fhduq l<
ukiska ,nk oekSfuka wehg bmu" crdjg hEu" jHdh iy urKh
inka; uQ,sl fya;= m%ySK lsug fkdyels nj oe f,i wehg lshd
isfha h' wef.a u hym;g fuu wjjdo fok nj;a Wkajykafiaf.a
wjjdohkag lSlre u wef.ka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk nj;a ;rfha lshd
isfha h'
wdph uyd fndajd ysf.a wjjdo fkd ie,l+ weh wef.a oekSu yd
jegySu .ek Yajdifhka fmr m u wef.a Ndjkd mqyqKqj lrf.k
.sh w;r tys ksrjoH;djh iy jkdlu ms<sn| kej;;a ;l lsug
fm<UqKd h' wef.a fkd kefuk oro~q iajNdjh .ek fjfyig m;a
l=ms; jQ uyd fndajd ys oreKq wdl,amhla wE flfrys fmkajka Wia
yka wehg neK jefKah' kej;;a ndysr ixisoaka flfrys wef.a
uki fhduq fkd lrk f,i iefrka wjjdo kafka h' wef.a woyiaj,g
Wkajykafia lsis m%;spdrhla fkd oelajQy' .=rejrhdf.a wjjdo ms<sf.k
;u Ndjkd lghq;= Wkkafjka lrf.k .sh fyd;a wef.a uki jid
f.k isk flf,ia bj;a lr .; yels jkq we;ehs Wkajykafia wehg
oe f,i lshd isfial'
tla oyj,l is,a ud;d ldhs uqrKavqfjka ;u woyia .ek ;l
lrkakg iQodk jQjd h' wdpdh uyd fndajd ysfhda tu ixjdoh ys
wfha kj;d oud jpfkka foflka t;ekska msg hk f,ig ;ck
iajrfhka neK je wehj msgux l<y' jyd u f,fkka msg hk
f,i;a kej; lsis kl fuu wdrKHhg fkd tk f,ig;a lE .id
lSf h' is;g ld jk oe jpfkka neK je wfkla is,a ud;djka
bfha wdrKHfhka m,jd yefha h' is,a ud;d ldhs Wkajykafiaf.a
137
138
jpkj, hlre nj iy ysiqKq nj oel ;e;s .;a;d h' ;u ;h

;=< tjekaklg weh uqyqK md fkdue;' l ms fofk;ska hq;=j
ish n,dfmdfrd;a;= iqka bjid ord .; fkdyels fYdalfhka weh
Wkajykafiaf.a wdrKHfhka y~ y~d msg;a j .shd h' wdpdh uyd
fndajd ysf.a oe fodaIdfrdamKh lka w. fodaxldr foka le,Ej ueka
jegqKq w mdr f.a wisysfhka fuka ;u wdrKHhg msh ke.=jd h'
ka miq ljrodlj;a Wkajykafia yuqug fkdhEug o weh ;SrKh
l<d h' WNf;dafldal .egjl megKq weh oe l,lsulg m;a
jQjd h' wdpdh uyd fndajd yuq jQ m<uq kfha wef.a Ndjkd hqKqj
.ek iqiq u .=rejrhd yuqjQjd hhs is;ka i;=gq jQ whqre wehg isys h'
tfia n,dfmdfrd;a;= ;enQ .=rejrhd wehj wf.!rjkSh f,i m,jd yeu
bjid ord .; fkdyels h' oeka weh fudk .=rejrhd .ek Yajdihla
;nkak o@ wjqre .Kkdjla wef.a Njkd mqyqKqj hqKq lr .ekSug
iqiq luGdkdpdhhka jykafia kula weh fidhka ish o ta ish
n,dfmdfrd;a;= wo jk g kdY f.dia h'
139
Tf is;
m;=f,ys ;ekam;a j we;s
h:dN+; {dkfha u,a msfooaoS
la |ska fuf;la r meKs w;soS> udjf;a
fl<jr flka l
fmfkkakg mgka .kS'
Oufha fmr ks;a;

is,a ud;d wimqjg we;= jQ weh WK nnqj,ska ;ekQ wef.a l=vd
l=h ;=<g .shd h' wehg l f,djla ;ks iskakg jqjukd h' wo
k wehg fyK myrla .eiqjd fia meKs ;a; mSvdj .ek ;ks j u
is;kakg ld,h wjYH j we;' kuq;a l=h ;=<g we;= jQ wehg ye=fKa
wef.a u l=h ;=< ish;a weh tys wuq;af;l= nj h' yo llshjk
fYdalfhka oji f.fjoa wr o flfuka flfuka wE jgd oejfgkakg
h' i|;a ;re;a fjkod fuka iqkaor j fkd fmkqKs' fjfyi jQ .;ska
yd ii, jQ is;ska l=ula lr foda hhs is;ka isoa" jydu fjkila lr
nejfyd;a fyd| fkaoehs wuq;= u is;s,a,la wef.a uki ;=<g x.d tys
;ka kej;=fKa h'
weh m;a jQ wiSre ;;a;ajh .ek kej; kej; wdjckh lroaoS wdpdh
uyd fndajd ysg wehj wdrKHfhka t,jd oeug idOdrK fya;=jla
;sh yels fkdfoehs wehg is;=Ks' weh is;d u;d u Wkajykafiaf.a
wjjdo meyer yehd h' wef.a woyia fjkia lsug lsis kElula
uykaishla weh .;af;a o ke;' f lreKq .ek .ska .g is;;a u wef.a
mqyq udkh ksid f ish,a, is jQ nj wehg jegfykakg mgka .;s' wef.a
140
Ndjkd l%uh wkqu; fkd lr fjk;a u.lg yerug" Wkajykafiag

idOdrK fya;=jla ;sh yels nj wef.a ukig ;ka jegfykakg mgka
.;af;a h' kuq;a Wkajykafiaf.a b.ekau weh ms<sfkd.;af;a wehs @
wef.a weneysj,g hg Wkajykafiaf.a wjjdoj,g msgqmEfuka wehg
,enqKq m%;s,dNhla o fkdue;' Wkajykafia ka wjjdo wkqj Ndjkd lghq;=
fjkia lr nefjda;ska krl o@ iEu wjia:djl u wlSlre fkd tla
jrla fyda Wkajykafia lS whqka lghq;= lsu YsIH is,a ud;djla yehg
wef.a hq;=lu nj wehg jegyqfKa h' wef.a jro wehg jegfykakg h'
weh ;udg u fodaIdfrdamKh lr .;a;d h' Wkajykafia Tf .=rejrhd
f,i Tn ms<s.;a;d' th tfia k Wkajykafia fok Wmfoia ms<s.kak
ne wehs @ .=rejrhd lshk foa lrkak' Wkajykafiaf.a .=reyrel .ek
i;H ;;a;ajh tg Tng jegfya' uq rd;%s ld,h ;=< u weh fuu
lreK .ek hym;a fia uYkhl fhKd h' whu <d fjoa is;g
jo ka fo.shdj flka l ;=kS jkakg h' weh uqyqK mE .egfjka
jydu h hq;= hhs ;SrKh l<d h' Wkajykafiaf.a Wmfoiaj,g wjk;
h hq;= njg wef.a uki wehg n, lf<a h' .=rejrhd fok wjjdo wkqj
,efnk M, mdl leue;af;ka Ndr .; hq;= hhs weh is;d .;a;d h'
miqj od whu yS,a odkfhka u| fj,djlg miq is,a ud;d ldhs
ojfia wksla rdcldj,ska weh uqojk f,i b,a,d" yks ykslg wef.a
l=h fj; .shd h' l=hg we;=,a jQ jydu weh Ndjkd bhfjka jd
jQjd h' wef.a ;a; h Yla;Ska msg; ieieug bv fkd ;u is; lh
fj; muKla fhduq lsug ;rfha bgd .;a;d h' ndysr ixisoaka flfrys
is; fhduq ug bv fkd ug weh ;rfha wIaGdk lr .;a;dh' w;S;fha
N+;hka fm%a;hka fohka oel .ekSug is; neyerg fhduq lsfuka fYaI
,dNhla fkd jQ ne wehg f jk g jegyS ;sKs' ukqIH f,dalfha
ksfil= msh weiska rEm olskafka flfia o@ fuh o tjeks u idudkH
ixisoahls' tys lsis udkisl hqKqjla olskakg fkdue;' wehg o th
oeka oeka jegfykakg mgka .;s' flf,ia wef.a is; IKh lrka"
flf,iaj,g lsis wdmodjla fkdlr .kska ys;=ukdfma yeisreKs' tu
flf,ia oel tajd m%ySK lsug k is; ;=<g t n,d tys l%shdld;ajh
uid ne,sh hq;= f'
h:d:h oelSf Yla;sh wvx.= ukfia w;smY=oaO idrh ( Oufha fmr ks;a;
fuu m%;sm;a;sh .ek mQK Yajdih ;nd wef.a wjOdkh is;

wNHka;rfha we;s nqoafOda hkak .ek muKla fhduq fldg ish
ukisldrhka wfydais lr is; tald.%;djhlg f.k yoj; m;=f,a .eUqre
iudhlg is; m;a lr .;a;d h' wE wf;ka ykd .;a ;a; n,h
md fldg fN!;sl Yrh imQKfhka ke;s hk ;=re fhdaksfid
ukisldrfha / is g wef.a uki fkdfi,a isk wjia:djlg
fmr<sKs' .eUqre iudfhka ;rula .s,sfyoa weh ;j;a oYkhla gqjd h'
fujr gqf Ndjkd ks;a;la h' wNHka;r m%{d wei jr fjoa wdpdh
uyd fndajd ys wE foig tka iskjd weh gqjd h' Wkajykafiaf.a
w;l ,sfik msyshla we;s nj o wehg fmksKs' ;shqKq msysh wE fj; la
l< Wkajykafia wE foi n,d" wfma Yrh yhg u fidais lrk whqre
fmkajd fokak hhs lSy' tfia lshka wef.a Yrh lE,af,ka lE,a,
lemSug mgka .;af;a h' wef.a Yrfha fldgia lE,af,ka lE,a, lemS wE
bfha je f.dv .eiqKs' is,a ud;d ldhs wef.a Yr len,s tlska tl
wE bfha jefgk whqre rdka; j n,d ishd h' uyd fndajd yshka
wef.a Yr fldgia b;d l=vd fldgia jk ;=re lm lmd f.dv .eiqf
h' wE bfha uia" lgq" fmaYSka Yd, m%udKhla f.dv .eiqKs' wef.a
wNHka;r uki ;=<ska uyd fndajd ys fudk lE,af,o Tn bkafk@
fudk lE,af, o mqoa.,fhla bkafk@ yeu lE,a,la yd u n,kak' ta
lE,s ixikaokh lr n,kak' fudk lE,af, o .eyeksfhla bkafk@
fudk lE,a,o mshd@ fudk lE,a, o ,iaik@ fudk lE,a,g o Tn
wdYd lrkafk @ hkqfjka weiqf h'
ta fudfyd; jk g weh f,a ,la ueo" isreKq weg uia kyr
f.dvla ueo isgf.k ishd h' ta oYkh w;sYhska ms<sl=,a iy.; h'
fupr l,la f crdfjka ms fldgia wefa t,a,d f.k ;ud isfha
oehs uy;a jQ ms<sl=,la we;s jqKs' wef.a Yrfha lE,s tlska tl is me;s
l=vd f.dia wjidkfha lsisjla fkd fmkS .sfha h' ta fudfydf;a wef.a
uki we;=<g we hk njla wehg oeksKs' {dk Odrdf Ydj fjkia
wef.a yojf;a .eUqreu ;ekl kej;=Kd fia wehg oekqKs' b;d ishq
wjfndaO {dkhla muKla b;s jQjd fia h' tu oekSu b;d msis h' jpkska
ia;r lsug wmyiq h' th we;s ;;= ta wdldrfhka u okS' fuu we;a;
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142
we;s iefha oekSu" yd;ami ys .sh" msis ishq j lreKq oek.kakd

{dkhls'
oe wIaGdkhlska ;u {dk Odrdj ;u is; ;=<g fhduq lsfuka
is,a ud;d ldhs h:dN+; {dkh ykd .;a;d h' wjfndaOfha W,am;
ke;fyd;a wjfndaOfha i;H ;;a;ajh yojf;a uOHu ,laIHfha" .%yKh
lsug ne ;r" ksula ke;s wjldYhl me;sreKq {dk Yla;shla jka
wjfndaOhla we;s nj w;agqjd h' rEmhla fkdue;s ia; wjfndaOfha
ksOdkh gqjd h' fufia ;u wjOdkh we;=<g fhduq lr is wehg" tu
wjOdkh isysfhka bj;a " wef.a is; b;d Ydka; ksjqKq wjia:djlg
fudfyd;lska we;= h' lsis ukisldrhla is;=,a,la u;=jQfha ke;'
iEu fohla u ksy~ jQ Y+kH ;;ajhls' is;;a lh;a wruqKq ish,a,;a
w;sYhska ksoyia jQjd fia h' wef.a Yrh;a fidhd .ekSug fkdyels
whqka w;=reoyka h' tu yqol,d Ydka; ksi, ksjqKq ;ek wehf.a is;
meh .Kkdjla / isfha h'
.eUqre iudfhka is; ;rula bj;a fjoa {dkfha ishq fi,ula
.ek wef.a wjOdkh fhduq h' uq,ska th ykd .ekSug ne ;r ishq
h' tu fi,u ukfia .eUqre ,laIHhla ;=<ska wdrN hhs wehg
ishq oekSula we;s h' th flka l jOkh ndysr wruqK lrd
hEug f.h je l< ne wehg jegyqKs' tfiau ndysr ix{d ne,Sf
kElula ta ;=<ska je f.k tk ne o wehg jegyqKs' g l,ska
j;dj,aj, f w;agq ndysr oYk lrd hEf kElu fldhs;r
idudkH isoahla j ;snqKd o lshf;d;a fujr th ykd .ekSug ne
;r ishq h' ta fudfydf;a u by;ska lS kElu" oekg ukfia je
we;s we;a; we;s iefha oekSu yuqf meye,s j msysfha h' ndysr wruqKq
lrd is; we hdug ork m%h;akh uokh lr is;" y ueo fkd fi,a
;nd .ekSug wehg uy;a mY%uhla oeug is h' wdpdh uyd fndajd
ys f.a ;ckd;aul wjjdo wef.a isyshg wdf h' Wkajykafia wehg
oef,i ka wjjdofha i;H;djh wehg oeka jegyqKs' uki msg;g
fhduq lsug kE lula we;af;a ukig u nj wehg jegyS" tfia bv
fkd ug wIaGdk lr .;a;d h'
< k lSmh ;=< uki wNHka;rfha u r|jd .ekSug iqiq

l%uhla .ek fiug weh is; fhduq l<d h' .eUqre iudfhka ms
is; ndysr wruqKq lrd fhduq f wdYdjka is;a ;=<ska biau;= ke.S
toa th jyd u ykd" j<lajd .kakd whqre wehg is; ;=<ska u jegysKs'
tfia wjfndaO lr is; whdf,a hEu id:l j j<ld .ekSug weh
iu;a jQjd h' is; ndysr wruqKq lrd we hdu is; ;=<ska u Wmkd
is;s,s yd ukisldrhkaf.a ml,amkd l%shdld;ajhka fya;= fldg
f.k isjkakls' tfia ndysr j we hk {dk Odrdj if;ksl
Yajhla ksudKh lr mj;ajdf.k hhs' kuq;a tjka is;=,a,la my<
fkdjQ g ta laIKfhka u i;sh kej; Wm' fuu msis oekSf
fudfyd;la / isk g j;udkfha muKla msysgk tu oekSu"
iqmlaIdld ;shqKq ksjqKq oekSula f' tu oekSu kdu rEmhkaf.ka
mndysr jQ fN!;sl rEm yd ufkdaix{d iska uq,d fkd lrk oekSuls'
w;S;fha .eUqre iudfhka msfok g" neyerg is; fhduq lrjka
lsis fya;=jla fkd ue;sj kd kd O ix{d ue fmkqKs' tu oYk
fmkSu keje;ah fkdyels nj wehg jegyqKq w;r tys / isu iqjodhl
nj o wehg ye=Ks' kuq;a iud i;sfha / isk g wiS; ix{d iy
ukisldrhka we;s ke;s hk whqre weh gqjd h' tu oYk .ek
lsis yeSula fyda we,Sula we;s fkd l<d h' h:dN+; {dkhg is; fhduq
l< miq we;sjk fjki .ek oek.;a weh fyd| .=rejrfhl= hgf;a
Ndjkd bf.kSf jkdlu ykd .;a;d h'
is; whdf,a hd fkd j;udkfha r|jd f.k isug yelsnj o;a
is,a ud;d ldhs" wdpdh uyd fndajd ysf.a wi;=g ms<sn| f.!rjfhka
lreKq meye,s lr wE ,o hqKqj .ek ia;r lSug is;d fkdla wka
f,kg hEug ;SrKh l<d h' Wkajykafia jev is f,k bhg hoa
weh ms<s.ekSug wlue;s njla fmkajka wE foi rjd f.k fuka is
uyd fndajd ysf.a uqyqK weh gqjd h'
fudlg o kqU wdmyq wdf @ Wkajykafia uy yhsfhka weiQy'
uu kqUg lSf fufyka wE;a fj,d bkakhs' fu;ek uyd bisjhkag
iqiq ;ekla fkdfjhs
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weh b;d bjiSfuka ldreKsl j wehg l;d lsug bv fok f,i;a"

wehg wkqlmdfjka weyqlka fok f,ig;a ne.Em;a jQjd h' tod wE
m,jd yehdg miq ukfia wjOdkh ;u uki ;=<g fhduq l< nj;a
tfia l< wehg wef.a jro jegyqKq nj;a Wkajykafiaf.a jkd Wmfoia
wkqj bfha ;ud oe Wkkajlska lghq;= lsug ;SrKh l< nj;a
wE fkd kj;ajd lshdf.k .shd h' weh ;u Ndjkdf uE;l w;agq
kj w;aoelS Wkajykafiag meye,s l<d h' lsisjlg fkd we,S is;
mj;ajdf.k hEug weh bf.k .;a nj o lSjd h' ndysr ixisoaka .ek
fiug hEfuka wehg Ndjkdf lsis hqKqjla we;s fkd jQ nj jegyqKq
nj o meye,s l<d h' tu jro wehg fmkS .sh nj o f;are l<d h'
weh k lSmhla b;d uykais ndysr wruqKq lrd we hdug we;s isf;ys
we;s jk m%n, kElu md,kh lr .;a whqre;a" tfia md,kh lr .;a
is; yoj; ueo ;ndf.k /l .ekSug;a weh oek .;a nj f;are l<d h'
Ndjkdfjka m%.;shla ,nd lD;{;dmQjl j ;u wdpdhhka jykafiag
f.!rjfhka lreKq myod je| kuialdr fldg iudj wheug meKs
nj is,a ud;d ldhs ikaiqka j lshd ishd h'
wdOHd;al ksjer ud.h yye ykd .;af;a Ndjkdf fhKq
wh muKs' ksjer j Ndjkdj bf.k .ekSug k iqfYaI l=i,;djhka
we;s .=rejrfhla wjYH h' fYaIfhka YsIHhd b;d Wiia ugulg
meK Ndjkd mqyqKq fjoa .=re Wmfoia wkqj hf;d;a iq jrola fyda
ug bvlvla fkdue;' .=rejrhdf.a wjjdo wkqj YsIHhd bhg hEug
k .=rejrhd YsIHhdg jvd Ndjkdfjka oek W.;a h hq;= h' ;udf.a
oekS Yla;shg jvd by<ska we;s foa b.ekaug hEu .=rejrfhl= fkd
l< hq;a;ls' YsIHhd tfia ,nk Wmfoiaj,ska lsis hqKqjla fkd ,nkq
we;' oYk m%{dfjka kso gq i;Hh lreKq mdol fldg Wmfoia
fok g olaI YsIHhdg ksjka u. hka m%{dj hqKq lr.; yel'
wef.a Ndjkdj oeka ksis u.g je we;s ne fmkqKq wdpdh uyd
fndajd ys wE flfrys wkqlmdfjka kej; wdrKHhg Ndr .;af;a h'
ukfia wj;dr iu. wE fndfyda l,a .;lr we;s ne Wkajykafia wehg
oekajQy' wksjdhfhka neyerg fhduq l< {dk Odrdj Tiafia .ukalr
fm%a; N+;hkaf.a kE tmdl wkqj jdih lrka ;u uki iska u

ilia l< udhdld oDIaj, meg,S isug wehg is h' {dk Odrdj
;u uki ;=<g wd miaig f.k tafuka l,ska ;snQ wf.h ;djld,sl j
kj;d we;a; we;s iefha oelSf {dkh we;s ;ek weh is; r|jd .;a;d
h' weh w;a gqf h:dN+; {dkhhs' ukfia ffki.sl nj oek .ekSf
iajNdjhhs' {dkh ukfia h:d iajNdjfha l%shdoduhls' kuq;a {dkfha
l%shdld;ajh jyd fjkia jk iq h' we;a; we;s iefha olsk {dkfhka
f;dr h' ta ta {dkhkaf.a meje;au tajd oek ykd .ekSu;a iu.
mj;skakls' h:dN+; {dkh hkq tu oek ykd .ekSf" uQ, Od;=jhs'
{dk Odrdj we;s fj ke;s fj hk" ilia fjka mj;sk ixisoahls'
kuq;a h:dN+; {dkh lsisjlska ilia fkdjk iar Ou;djhls'
is; m;=f,a ,laIHhl isg ukfia m;% jQ idrh ;=<ska {dkh
u;=msgg .,d ths' tg oreKq f,i yukd rd. fodaI fuday iq<s iq<x
fya;=fjka tfia u;=msgg meKs u;=msg {dkh fudfyd;ska fudfyd;
tys iajNdjh" yevh" ;;a;ajh fjkia lrhs' kuq;a h:dN+; {dkh tjka
l%shdld;ajhla fmkakq lrkafka ke;' ixialdr f.dv k.kafka o ke;'
m;% jQ oekSula muKla tys we;s fyhska" we;af;a wjfndaOh muKs'
fudfyd;ska fudfyd; ilia fjka u;=msgg tk {dkfhka
f,!lsl f,dal iy f,daflda;a;r f,dal ms<sn| oekSula ,noa" tu oekSu
we;s fjka ke;s fjka ,nd fok oekSula f' tksid tu oekSu wiar
h' tu oekSu flfrys Yajdihla ;eh fkdyel' msg;g ysfok {dk
Odrdjka bkashka iska .efgk ndysr wruqKq yd inkaO jQ g thska
,nk oekSu" ndysr ix{d iu. Y% jQfjls' wei rEmhla yd inkaO jQ
g olsk njg oekSula we;s f' ^plaLq[a[dKh& tu oekSu rEm ix{dj
yd fudfyd;ska fudfyd; tla jk g fudfyd;ska fudfyd; {dkh o
ialia lrhs' tg {dkh
zolskjdZ njg m;a f'
{dkh lk iu. inkaO jQ g Yoh {dkh ilia lrhs' tg
tu {dkh zwefikjdZ njg m;a f'
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wfkla bkashkag o tfia u h' tu ksid bkashla Tiafia {dkhla

Wmk g h:dN+; {dkh ie f' fidhd .ekSug W.yg h' kuqka
th wka;Odk jQjd fkd f' fuu oek .ekSf iajNdjh {dkhlg
fjkia uls' idudkH ;fha ksiqka ;u weia lka rEm Yo yUd
f.dia Tjqka olsk wik foa .ek kd kd yeSj,g k;= " miqj tu
wruqKq ke;s jQ l, kej;;a fmr mej;s fkd le<UqKq ;;aFjhg fmrf<a'
ksula ke;s ndysr N+; fm%a; rEmhka idudkH kqjKska olska h:dN+;
{dkh uqukska u u. yrjd f.k is'
{dk Odrdj wd miaig yrjd .;a l, ndysr is;s,s w;aysgqjd kj;S'
is;s,s kej;=Kq l, {dkh we;=<g fhduq is; ;=< m;% j mj;sk
h:dN+; j oek .ekSf Yla;sh yd tla f' fuh ks;r ks;r mqre l<
g wik olsk |sk yeu wjia:djkays u" îs; fkdu. fkd hjk&
fkd fi,afjk w;d,ula njg m;a f' ;j o fufia mqre mqyqKq jQ miq
.eUqre iudfhka Kdg miqj o isf;ys we;=<; wjOdkh b;d Yla;su;a
j mj;skq we;' fuu iudh ;=<ska flfkl= lska uqojd,sh fkd yels
jqj o fuu w;d,u lg fya;=jk ish u flf,ia kdY lsug
Wmld jkq we;' ;u kslaIKhka iajNdjfhka u ksjer j flfrk
w;r ks;ru iud i;sfhka msysgqjk ;;a;ajhlg muqKqjkq we;' fuu
wjia:dj ;shqKq m%{djla we;s lrjk wjia:djhs' fuu w;sYh ;Sj% jQ
iudfhka f.dv ke.=Kq ksi,Ndjh iy tald.%;djh iajNdjOuh .ek
h:d ;;aFjh wjfndaO lr .ekSf ;shqKq oYkdj f.dv k.d .ekSug
myiq jk w;d,ula f'
ixialdrhl îs;s,a,l& l%shdld;ajh kj;d,Sug wruqKq folla
we;' m<uqj is;s,af,a iajNdjh oek .ekSu i|yd wjYH bv lv ,nd
.ekSuhs' fuh idudkHfhka flfrk is;Su yd oe jqjukdjlska flfrk
is;Su;a w;r fjki w;HjYHfhka fmkajd fohs' fojkqj ix{d rys;
oYkdj we;slr .ekSug wjYH is;s,sj,g bvlv i,id .ekSuhs'
fuu wjia:d fol u m%{df jeo.;a w;HjYH fldgia folls'
ksjer j mqyqKq jqjfyd;a iudh ;=<ska is;s,a,la ukisldrhla
;djld,sl j kj;d oeh yels h' kuq;a fya;=j lD;s fkdlrhs' fuh"
flfkl= iajNdl j l,amkd lrkq fjkqjg kElulska is;Sug fhduq

lrjhs' fujka uki we,Sulska f;drj kslaIKh lsug yels is;s,sj,g
Yd, fmfoila jD; lr fokafka h' brd u hula ykd .ekSfuka
is;s,s Odrdf wruqK myiqfjka oel .; yel' iajhx oYkdj ;=<ska
wkjYH is;s,s neyer lr wjYH is;s,s r|jd .ekSug yels jkq we;'
fuhska f,daflda;a;r m%{d jOkh i|yd Yla;su;a w;d,ula jefgkq
we;'
is; Wp;u ksi,;djhg m;ajk ;=re thg ksjer j is;Sug ne
h' ks;r foff,a fkd kj;ajd fjk {dkh mok lr we;sjk
l,amkd wl%l j iEKq tajd h' w;HdjYH msis l,amkdjka fkd
f' ix{djla u; we;slr.;a is;s,a,lska wjk oekSu yrhla ke;s
oekSuls' tjka wjfndaOhla flfrys Yajdihla ;eh fkdyels h' .eUqre
m%{djlska ,nd .kakd oYkd {dkh tys fkdue;'
jgmsg is;s,sj,ska iy yeSj,ska laIsma; fkd jQ is; iqfYaI
msis isysfhys î;s im[a[fhys& msysghs' th wkqudk jYfhka ,nk
oekSula fkdj i;H uYkh fldg ,nk wjfndaOhls' fuh jeo.;a
isoaOdka;hls' oYkdj ksjer j l%uj;a j flfrkq we;' fjk;a ;l
u;s u;dka;rj,g je fkdu. fkd hhs' msis m%{dfjka uYkh
lrhs' .eUqre Ndjkduh ukilska wjfndaO lr .kS'
idudkH {dkfha wka;rdhlr w;=re M,hka yd noaO fjka
fndfyda l,a.; l< is,a ud;d ldhs yg ukfia i;H ;;aFjh jgyd
f.k h:dN+; {dkh w;aoelSu i|yd lghq;= lsu g fmr l< hq;=
j ;snqKs' fuu w;aoelSu .ukl wjidkh fkd j tla;rd Wml%uhls'
kSjrK Ouhkaf.ka is; uqojd .ekSf Wml%uhls' isf;a m%.;sh i|yd
;enQ Yla;su;a w;d,uls' ix{djka u; ilia jk {dkh mdol fldg
we;sjk wjfndaOh" h:dN+; {dkfhka w;aolsk wjfndaOh hhs Yajdi
lr fkdu. hdug yels nj wdpdh uyd fndajd ys wehg lSf h' tksid
is; ;=<ska u;=jk iEu is;=,a,la u .eUqka uYkh l< hq;= ne
fuhska wjOdrKh h' .eUqre iudfhka ke.S is iEu wjia:djl
u {dkfha l%shdld;ajh uYkh lsf wjYH;djh mek ke.=Ks'
147
148
fN!;sl rEmhkag ufkdmpdrhkag iy ufkda ixialdrhkag wef,ka

l%shdld jk {dkh weh uYkhg ,la l<d h'
f wdldrfhka yoj; m;=f,a we;s flf,ia uq,skqmqgd ouk whqre
uyd fndajd f;reka jykafia is,a ud;d ldhs yg myod kay' iu;
f,dalfha mj;sk wiS; ix{d fn!oaO mmodf idrh fkdjk nj
Wkajykafia kej; kej; lshd is fial' wef.a udkisl Yla;sh ;=<ska
m%:ufhka wef.a Yrh ilia we;s wNsryia ;;aFjh .ek is; fhduq
lr" bka wk;=re j is; tu rEmhkag we,S we;s ie uid n,k l%uh
wehg jgyd kafka h' m%{dj hqKq lsu wdrN jkafka ksia Yrfhka
nj lshd tfia l< hq;af;a Yrfha i;H ;;aFjh kso oelSfuka nj;a
th l< yels fohla nj;a lshd kafka h'
ldh.;d i;s Ndjkdf " tk lh .ek uYkh lroa
ksrdhdifhka u u;= flfrk oYkd n,h Wmfhda.s lr.kakd whqre
Wkajykafia wehg lshd ka fial' th ilia fjka u;=fjk is;=,sj,g
wiq fkd flfrk Ndjkdjls' tu Ndjkdj" iqmqre w:l:k foka"
u;su;dka;rj,g hg fjka" Wml,amkh lrka isflfrk Ndjkdjla
fkd f' isf;ys m;% i;H jQ idrh .e.;a ksOdkfhka u;=fjk {dkh
foi iud i;sh Wmfhda.S lr n,k Ndjkdj weh m%.=K l< hq;= j we;'
laIKsl j oYkd m%{dj we;slr .ekSug k tfkod is;k l%uh"
wkqudk j is;k l%uh hgm;a l< hq;=hs' wruqKq foi n, n,d tajdg tla
tla w:l:k fkd wruqKq ish,a, ;u is;g fmfkk wdldrfhka u
kslaIKh l< hq;= f' msis is;ska olsk fuu ixialdrhka widOdrK
f,i ykajd ug;a f,an,a we,ug;a is; fhduq l<fyd;a f,!lsl
jYfhka iajNdl j ilia jk is;s,s ilia is; jHdl+, ;;a;ajhlg
m;a lrhs' fuh i;H ms;=re oYkdf w: mhdihls' ksrka;r j
iud i;sfhka wruqKq foi ne,Sfuka weh ykd .kakd foaj,ska h
ksoyila ,nkjd fuka u m%{df fYaIs; m;%Ndjh o ,nkq we;'
149
;u lhg
we lsf fya;=fjka
we;sjk l oelSu
we;a; we;s iefhka oelSu
flfkl=f.a is; Ouhg fhduq lsf
uQ,sl m%{djhs' ;u lh kso olsk we;af;da
jy jyd Ouh wjfndaO lr;s'
lh ;=< u<ksh
uyd fndajd ys uqK .eiSfuka miq ldhs is,a ud;dj tk iji ;u
is,a ud;d wdrKHhg msh k.oa" wef.a is;g;a lhg;a wuq;=u m%fndaOhla
ieye,ajla oekqKs' wr jefg;a u ;u l=h fj; .sh weh iqmqre
m Ndjkdjg jd wef.a Ndjkd mqyqKqj .ek .eUqka iudf,dapkh
lrkakg jQjd h' iud Ndjkdf M, is,a ud;d ldhs yg b;d myiqfjka
,nd.; yels j ;snqKs( f jk g wef.a is; myiqfjkau tald.%;djhg
m;a f' w;sYd, Yajfha mj;sk wdOHd;al Yla;Ska w;aoelSug yels
jkqfha tjka tald.%;djhlg m;a jQ ukilg muKs' wef.a {dk
Odrdj isf;ys .eUqrg fhduq " h:dN+; {dkh ksOdk .; ,laIHfha
fudfyd;lg /Ks' ta laIKfhka u is; kej; t<shg mek" g l,ska
{dkh yeiqreKq iajdNdl ms<sfj;g u l%shdld h' is; tfia /Kq
fudfydf;a weh ,;a w;aoelSu" b;d iqfYaIS wjia:djls' kuq;a weh tu
iqfYaI wjia:dj y ye wjfndaO fkd lr f.k" bka miqj we;sjQ ix{d
fya;=fjka yg.;a {dkh l%shdld jQ whqr" isf;a we;sjQ m%.;shla hhs
jrojd ms<s.;a;d h'
wef.a is; m;a jQ ksi, tald.%;djfhka ksis m%fhdack .kska" isf;ys
jyd fjkia jk iq ;;aFjh ^wks;Hh& .ek wjOdkh fhduq fkd fldg"
150
{dkh iska ilia lrk oYk ;=< j;afjka olsk olsk oYkj,g
w:l:k foka Ndjkd lsug weh fhduq jQjd h' fufia ,nk oekSu
fjkia fj mejf;k ix{d u; f.dv ke.=Kq {dkfhka ,o oekSula
nj wehg fkd f;areKs' th udhdld oekSuls' h:dN+; {dkfhka ,eh
yels we,Sfuka f;dr h:d:jd oekSula wehg fkd ,enqKs' tfia wE ,;a
{dkuh oekSu weh j yeS nr is;=,s lrd f.k .sfha h' we;a; we;s
iefha oelSf wjia:dj tuska wehg wys u.ye .sfha h' is,a ud;d
ldhsf.a is; mqrej isfha fuu wk:ld l%shd ms<sfj; Tiafia ks;r
ks;r yeisug h' ;u is; jer ud.fha hka ;ud uq,d lrk ne
wehg fkd jegyqKs'
wdpdh uyd fndajd ysf.a oe wkfmalaIs; n,mEu" wef.a ta uq,d
u fjkia lrug fya;= h kuq;a th oeka fjkia we;' wef.a {dk
Odrdj yoj; uOHhg fhduq fjoa isf;a we;a; we;s iefha oekSu
mj;sk isf;ys idrh iu. tl;= m;% jQ i;sh we;s fkd le<UqKq
;ekl is; ;ekam;a f' t;ek lh we;s njla fkd oefka' th wfydais
we;ehs yefa' {dkh o wfydais h' jpfkka ia;r lsug wmyiq
ishq iud i;sh muKla b;s f' tys hka;kaj;a fi,ula fkdue;'
{dkfhys o uo jQ fi,ula ke;' wef.a uki tu ksi,;djfha ;rul
f,djla / ish miq" b;d ishq /,a,la fia yoj; uOHfhka bj;au
wdrN f' {dkh isyska /,a,la fia u;= ke;s hkakg mgka .kS'
fufia /,s wdldrfhka iajdNdl j u;= ke;s hhs' fuh is;d u;d
lrkakla fkd f' b;d ishq fi,ulska miq jydu kej; ksYap,
;;a;ajhlg m;a f' ;a;laIK we;s fjka ke;s fjka flka l
tys f.h je lrka {dk Odrdf idudkH YS>%;djh lrd meK
l%shdld f'
ndysr jia;+ka .ek wef.a i;sh kej; ,nd.;a; o ix{djka u;
is;s,s W;amdokh u wl%sh we;' idudkHfhka isf;ys" is;s,s we;sjk
iajNdjh uokh lrka we;a; we;s iefha wjfndaO jk ksrdhdifhka
l%shd;aul jk isysh muKla b;s j we;s hdre ;;aFjhlg wef.a is;
jegqKs' fuu ;;aFjh fYaIs; ix{djla u; muKla l%shd;aul jk" lsis
h:d:h oelSf Yla;sh wvx.= ukfia w;smY=oaO idrh ( lh ;=< u<ksh
;ekl fkd weKq iajNdjhls' wef.a is; lh .eUqre jQ oYkdjlska oel

wjfndaO lr.; yels ;;a;ajhls' h:dN+; {dkh l%shd;aul jkafka fuu
wjia:df nj;a" is; fu;ek u r|jd ;nd .; hq;= nj;a wehg jegyqfKa
h' kdu rEm Ou;d oYkd {dkfhka jgyd .; yels ;;aFjh fu;ek
nj wehg wjfndaO h' ixisoaka uYkh lroa is; fu;ek r|jd
;efuka msis m%{dj biau;= jk nj wehg wjfndaO h' fuu wjia:dj
m%{dj b;d msis j l%shd;aul jk wjia:djhs' idudkH {dk Odrdj
;=< u m%{djg M,odhS f,i l%shd;aul ug yelslula fuys we;' ;j;a
ishq bkashlska ,nk m%;sNd {dkfhka ,nk wjfndaOhlg wjysrhla
fkdue;'
tk uOHu rd;%sfha .eUqre iudfhka ke.S isoa is,a ud;d
ldhsf.a {dk Odrdj flfuka flfuka wef.a Yrfha iEu fldgila
flfrys u fhduq laIKhlska wef.a uq Yrh u wE bfha ue fmkqKs'
Yrh .ek wE ;=< ;snQ mQj ixl,amhka wef.a fuu wjfndaOhg ndOdjla
fkdh' weh Ndjkdf jd ish u wef.a Yrfha rEm fldgiays
we;a; ;;aFjh wehg ia h' msis isysh î;sim[a[h& wef.a Yrfha
i;H iajNdjh wehg jgyd kafka h' fudfyd;ska fudfyd; crdjg m;a
" urKhg m;a kdY jk whqre weh gqjd h' wef.a m;% ukiska
tu oYkh gq weh tu h:d:hg kej; kej; is;a fhduq l<d h'
iEu fudfyd;l u is fjka mj;sk crdjg hEf isg fkd je<elah
yels urKh olajd j hk iajNdj Oufha l%shdj,sh foi n,d ishd h'
crdjg hka l=Kqu Yrfha wNHka;r fldgiaj,ska wdrN Yrfha
wka iEu fldgilg u fika fika me;s .sfha h' weh tu l%shdj,sh
foi wjfndaOfhka n,d ishd muKs' ta .ek jer is;Sug" l,amkd
lsug fkd.shd h' wef.a tu wjOdkh ;=< u wef.a Yrh fldgiaj,g
hEug bv yer tfoi n,d ishd h' wef.a u<ksh fudfydf;ka
fudfyd; ojiska oji ksrka;rfhka crdjg hka l=Kqu" weh n,d
ish u f.j;a j l%shd;aul jkakg h'
is,a ud;d ldhs ;u u<isrer foi ysfia isg my<g fika wjOdkh
fhduq lr n,ka tys rEm fldgia crdjg hk whqre meye,s j olsk
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152
f;la n,d ishd h' crdjg f.dia urKh olajd /f.k hk iajNdjh
m%{dfjka n,d is fyhska fkd kj;ajd u fuu crdjg hk iajNdjh
foi weh oe wjOdkhlska n,d ishd h' uq,ska u wef.a u<isrer
we;=<;ska bfukakg mgka f.k ly mdg .eka miq j ks,ajka j
lmdg jKhlg fjkia h' buqKq u<ksfha yu flka l we
f.dia ;ekska ;ek mqmqrkakg h' tfia msmsrE ;ekaj,ska l=Kq udxY
fldgia o mqmqrd ta ;=<ska cia .,kakg h' ci .,;a u ks,ueiafida
l=Kq .| yuk u<ksh mqrd jikakg h' l=Kq jQ u<isrefrka yeuQ
.kaOh wef.a wNHka;r brkag ord.; fkdyels ;r jukh tk
;r jQ .|ls' ks,ueiafida l=Kq h fjk uia w;f ;a;r oeuQy'
meKq uia w;ka u;= jQ mKqfjda u<isrer mqrd weU weU wefoka
olskakg ne ;r ms<sl=,la we;s lr h' mKqfjda u<isref yu ld
oud yudr jk g we;=<; lKavrd u.ska yd wia u.ska f.dkq lr ;snQ
udxY fmaYSka o h kdY weg iels,a, muKla b;s j oYkh h'
miqj lsisjla b;s fkdjk fia uia kyr h f.dia weg iels,af,a
fldgia o ;ekska ;ek .e, .sfha h'
ld,h f. h;a u ld,.=Kh iy jeiai b;s jQ l=vd uia jeo,s
lKavrd fidaod bj;g iqrejd iq mdka ,sfik weg lgq iuQyh
muKla b;s lf<a h' miqj iels,af,a o weg ;ekska ;ek is f.dvj,a
.eiqKs' ysia ln, tl ;ekl h' Wl=,a wegh ;j;a ;ekl h' wjidkfha
fuu weg lE,s o f. f.dia l=vd len,sj,g " f mG Od;= wdrN
jQ fmdf<djg u tla fkd fmkS .sfha h' laIKhlska uy fmdf<dj o
wka;Odk h' b;sjQfha w;sYhska msisj yeu Ydjlg u ysfoka"
,sfik iud i;s h muKs' flka l wd;auhla we;ehs hk yeSu tu
m%fndaOj;a i;sh ;=< wfydais h' ta iu.u uu uf.a ug hhs lshk yeu
ixisoahla u wka;Odk h'
is,a ud;d ldhs f wdldrfhka km;d u Ndjkd l<d h' weh" wef.a
u<isref wNHka;rh n,ka" crdj urKh hk iajNdl Ou;d wehg
idudkH oYk njg m;ajk ;=re fkd lvjd Ndjkd l<d h' fufia k
.Kkdjla u ;u foayh crdjg f.dia l=Kq kdY uy fmdf<djg
tlajk l%shdj,sh foi oYkd {dkfhka n,ka wef.a Ndjkdj m%.=K

l<d h' wjidkfha uy fmdf<djg tla jkafka mG Od;=j fyhska is,a
ud;d ldhs miqj fuu lh iE we;s uQ, Od;= .ek wjfndaOh fhduq
l<d h' ish rEm fldgia mG wdfmda f;fcda jdhq hk m%Odk Od;=j,ska
iuka; h' uia weg o;a kshfmd;= flia iy f,dauj," mG Od;=f we;s
;o .;sh tajdfha o we;' f,a uq;%d fi fidgq iy wfkla Y%djhkaj,
wdfmda Od;=f ,laIK wka;.; h' Yrfha we;s WIaKh Yla;sh cjh
f;afcda Od;= ,laIKh h' jdfhda Od;= ,laIK wm yqiau .ekSfuka yd
Yrh ;=<ska yd w; mh yeisr fuka oek .; yel'
crdjg hEf Ou;djh Yrfha mG Od;=fjka iEKq fldgia
is| | oud kej; tu uQ,sl ;;ajhg u m;a lrjk whqre is,a ud;d
oe wjOdkfhka hq;= j n,d ishd h' urKh;a iu." tk {dkh
isrefrka neyer jQ miq jh f.k ka ;dmh iy jd;h ta ta uQ,Od;+ka
yd tla f' tu l%shdj,sh o weh uYkh l<d h' Yrfha j fldgia
fmdf<djg ldka fyda jdIam fyda f.dia ke;s .sh miq Yrfha
b;s fldgia f,S" weg muKla b;sjk ;;a;ajhg m;a jk whqre o weh
n,d ishd h' tu weg le,s o ld,hdf.a wejEfuka fmdf<djg mia f'
th is jk whqre o weh wjfndaOfhka n,d ishd h'
is,a ud;d ldhs ksia weg iy uyfmdf<dj tlg tl;= tlu Od;=
fldgila njg m;ajk whqre b;d m%fndaOj;a f,i wjfndaOfhka n,d
ishd h' ksia weg l=vq njg m;a fmdf<df mia yd tla tlu Od;=
fldgilg m;a fjoa ukqIH Yrh h:dN+; fkdjk udhdld iajNdjhla
nj wef.a yoj; m;=f,ka u;= wd h:dN+; {dkfhka wjfndaO lr
.;a;d h' ksia isrer iE we;s ish u fldgia mG wdfmda f;fcda
jdfhd hk i;r uyd N+; fldgiaj,ska iuka; ne wehg iar j
oekSf wjfndaOh my< h' tfuka u tu Yr fldgia wjidkfha i;r
uyd N+;hkag u mj;kh jk nj o wehg jegyqKs' laIKhlska wef.a
oYkd oYk m:fhka yd oekSfuka uy fmdf<dj o fkd fmkS f.dia"
wef.a zwe;a; we;s iefha oek .ekSf yelshdjZ iEu Ydjg u me;=reKq
wdf,dalhla njg m;a h' ta laIKfhka u wef.a wjfndaO {dkh kqyqre
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154
kqmqre ;ekla yd taldnoaO " t;eku tfia /f|;a u l,ska ;snQ ma;su;a
wdf,dalh ke;s .sfha h'
jpfkka meye,s lsug wmyiq Y+kH;djhlg m;a jqKs' th iar
tald.%;djhls' oa;aj l%shdld;ajhlska mndysr jQ talSh ;;a;ajhls'
m;% wjfndaOhla muKs' W;alDIag jQ f,daflda;a;r ksi,Ndjhls' ykd
.ekSf ix{d lsisjla fkdue;s f,daflda;a;r Y+kH ;,hls' th isf;ys
meye,s h:dN+; idrh mj;sk ;ekls'
wef.a Yrh" mG wdfmda f;fcda jdhq hk Od;= fldgiaj,g
fn hk whqre is,a ud;d ldhs oYkd jevQ iEu wjia:djl u
meye,s j wjfndaO h' uyd N+; lsisjla fkd uefrk nj wehg
jegyqKs' ysifla" kshfmd;=" o;a" yu" uia" weg tajdfha uQ, Od;=jg
kej; fmrf<a' f yeu mG Od;=jhs' mG Od;=j ljoo uerefKa@
mG Od;=j crdjg f.dia kdY jQ miq l=uk ;;a;ajhlg o fmrf<kafka@
mG wdfmda f;fcda jdhq hk i;r uyd N+;fhda tajdfha cd;s ,laIKhkag
kej;;a fmrf<a' lsisjla kdY ke;' fuu Od;+ka tl f.dvlg talrdYS
jQ ;ek {dkh tys mx f' rEm l,dm f.dvlg noaO jQ is; th mK
.kajd ta jgd wd;au ixl,amhla f.dv kxjd mSvdld ;;a;ajhlg f.k
hhs' fuu fN!;sl Yrhg fm!oa.,sl;ajhla wdfrdamKh lr" uki
wiS; la fokd ug mgka .kS'
is; lsis kl uerefKa o ke;' fuf;la ;snqfKa fjkia fj hk
l%shdj,shls' ksula ke;s ixidr pl%fha iEu {dk fudfyd;la we;s
ke;s hk fudfyd;l ue ue Wmk we;s ke;s hk l%shdj,shla
muKla olakg ;snqKs' uyd N+; i;f l%shdj,sh foi i;sfhka n,k
wjia:djkays " is,a ud;d ldhs yg tu Od;+ka uQ,sl Od;+kag kej;
kej; m;ajk whqre ukdj is;g jegyqKs' tfia k urKh fld;eklska
fidhd .kak o@ uereKq foa l=ula o@ Od;= i;r h' mG wdfmda f;fcda
jdhq fudjqka uerefKa ke;' is; .ek nejfyd;a is; flfia uefrkak
o@ fufia wjfndaO fjoa wef.a is; m%lg j fmfkkakg h' je oekSula
iy je uis,s kqjKla we;s h'
Wp;u ksi,Ndjfhka ke.S is is,a ud;d ldhs rEmldhla we;s

j isf wjq,a iy.; ;;ajh oYkd Ndjkdfjka uYkh l<d h'
rEmldh ;=< wd;auhla we;ehs ;ud ;=< m%n, yeSula we;s lru tla
n,hla jYfhka weh ykd .;a;d h' Wmka od isg weh wef.a f,dalh
ilid .;af;a fuu rEmh hk ix{dj u; h' fuu wd;ah yeSu ksid"
rEmh tk Yrh wdrlaId lr .ekSu i|yd fkdfhl=;a foa lsug weh
fm<UqKd h' lhg wjYHh oE imhd ug fndfyda fia fm<UqKdh' lh
ksid we;s lr .kakd is;=,s wehj bmfoka uefrka /f.k hk
ixidrfha r|jd ;eug fya;=jk lu nj wehg jegyqKs' lfha u;=mska
fmfkk wmsis ms<sl=,a iajNdjhg jvd fuu rEmh iu. iycfhka u
mj;sk wm;%;djh jvd je ne wehg ta;a;= .sfha h' fuu lfhys we;s
wmsislug jvd lh olajk wdl,am iy lfhka islrk l%shd Nhdkl
jk wjia:d o fndfyda h' lh fya;=fjka udkh yg.kS' lh fya;=fjka
ldudiajdoh" rd.h we;s tuska wdrjq,a we;sf' lfhka flfrk
fkdfhl=;a mdm l%shd iy Yrh fya;=fjka is flfrk wi;amqreI l%shd
o fndfyda h' Yrh ksid we;slr .kakd ksula ke;s is;=,s ixidrh ;=<
flfkl= isrlr ;nkq ,nhs' rEmhg we,Sf fya;=j fidhd .ekSug k
Bg wkqrEm jQ flf,ia is;s,s .ek uis,su;a h hq;= ne o weh jgyd
.;a;d h'
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156
msis c,h we;s

ksi, fmdl=Kl m;=f,a we;s ish,a,
wmg meye,s j fmfka'
flS yoj; ksi, h' ksi, yoj; ;=<ska
m%{dj myiqfjka u;=
iq.u j .,d hhs' m%{dj .,dhoa oS
m;% wjfndaOh ta miqmi tkafka h'
laIKsl wjfndaOh
is,a ud;d ldhs wef.a W.% Ndjkd mqyqKqfjys fhfoka ;ekam;a
ukilska hq;=j udi lSmhla .; l<d h' Wfoa yS,a odkfhka miq weh wef.a
yqol,d l=h fj; f.dia meh lSmhla l=h whi ;kd we;s ilauka
ufjys ilauka Ndjkdfjys fhKd h' wef.a ilauka uj wehg iir
la ke;slsug Wmldr jk ix.%du N+hla h' is,aud;d ldhs fhdaksfid
ukisldrfhka hq;=j ilauka Ndjkdfjys fhfooa wef.a Yrh .ekj;a
fmdf<df .Efjk wef.a fomd .ekj;a wehg l,amkdjla fkd h'
wef.a Ndjkd wruqKq is;" fudk;r isf;ys m;=,g ls|d neiafia oehs
lshf;d;a iuyr wjia:djkays wE ilauka m:h blaujd f.dia jkhg
fkd oek u we;= jQ wjia:d o h' tjka wjia:djkays " isf;ys iudhg
ydkshla fkd jk fia fhdaksfida ukisldrfha u msysgd weh kej;;a
ilauka ujg msi fmr m i;sfhka hq;=j Ndjkdfjys fhKd h'
wef.a ilauka
jDlaIhkaf.a fijK
Bg wdjrKhla ,nd
jevqKq mfhda .fia
Ndjkd m:h" wyia l=i isidrd me;sreKq uyd

hg b jQjls' tla me;a;lska Yd, WK mre ke
Ks' ilauka uf tla fldkl isyska j Wig
fijK hg w ;=k y;rla Wig WK nnqj,ska
h:d:h oelSf Yla;sh wvx.= ukfia w;smY=oaO idrh ( laIKsl wjfndaOh
;ekQ l=vd ueiails' tu ueiai is,a ud;d ldhs iska ;kd .;af;ls'
.%SIau ld,fha oyj, u| f,djla ydkais fl .ekSu i|yd weh tu
ueiai md l<d h' tfia u ilauka Ndjkdfjka miq t<suyfka ys|s
bhfjka Ndjkd lsug o tu WK ng ueiai m%fhdackhg .;a;d h'
mfhda .i ufyda.ks oej mjq,g wh;a le,E .ils' tys msfmk u,a ly
mdka hqla; h' f ld,fha tu .fia u,a msmS jkdka;rh w,xldr lrhs'
lymdg u,a fm;s .s,syS je" ly mdg ;s;a ;s;aj,ska is,a ud;d ldhsf.a
ilauka uj o ruKSh f,i w,xldr lf<a h' ufyda.ks .fia Yla;sh;a
tys fijK iy w,xldr u,a jreidj;a mirhg tl;= l< ukialdka;
nj" is,a ud;d ldhsf.a ukfiys ukialdka; iajNdjh lshdmdkakla
h'
tla iekaoEjl weh Ndjkd fhda.S j isoa tla oYkhla gqjd h'
weh ukiska gqf oYkSh fmdl=Kls' tys rkajka mdka fk u,a msmS
;snqKs' tu u,a u;= msg mdfjka ;snqKs' u;= msg mdjqKq tu fk u,a
lr;a; frdaohla muK Yd, h' rkajka mdg fm;s isyska msydgq fl|sj,ska
iEKd fia w;sYhska ruKSh h' wksla fk u,a fm;s yelsKq" wyig
ysKq" rkajka mdg foajia:dkj, uqka fld;a fia ia jqKs' wfkla u,a
msis c,fha .s,S ;snqKs' ta u,aj,ska .s,syqKq iakh fmdl=K mqrd rkajka
/,s wdldrfhka ysKs' fmdl=fKys c,h fld;r m;% o lshf;d;a
m;=f,a uv b;d meye,s j fmkqKs' u,aj,ska .s,syqKq iuyrla fk
fm;s j;=f mdfjka ;snqKs' ta f;;a fk m;% c,h u; ,sfika
wk> iqj|la oi w;u me;=ref h' is,a ud;d ldhs fmdl=K foi
f.!rj im%hqla; hlska n,d ishd h' ta fudfydf;a rkajka mdg
yxifhl= wyfia isg mshdUd md wjq;a" fmdl=Kg md;a fmdl=fKa u,a
w;ka ta f w; i;=ka msyskkakg h' mdfjk fk fld<j,g
fydka fldgka l=vd fm;s lE,s ld ouka iql=ud, f,i fmdl=fKa
tyd fuyd msysKqf h' u,a fm;s y;rla lE yxihd bka ;Dma;shg m;a j
ksi, j isfha h' fmdl=fKa bjqr woaorg is,a ud;d ldhs tfoi n,d
isoa weh j,dl=<la fia by<g md f.dia c,h u; md hkakd fia
wehg ye=Ks' rkajka yxihd imhg <x fjoa wef.a fomd fomig ysod"
yxihd u; jdug iQodk jQjd h' yxihdf.a msg u; jdfjkjd;a
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158
iu. u is,a ud;dj;a yxihd;a tflla h' ta laIKfhka u rkajka

yxihd ;ud nj wehg jegyqKs' jydu iud Ndjkdfjka msKq weh
msh isyshg meKshd h'
is,a ud;d ldhs wE gq oYkfha f;areu .ek k lSmhla l,amkd
lrka l,a.; l<d h' rkajka yxihd rkajka fk u,a lEu nqka
jykafia foiQ wdh ud.fha idrh jQ Ouh irK hka flfrk
mqo mQcd fk u,aj,ska w:j;a lrhs' rkajka mdka wdf,dalh ms<sUq
lrhs" tk ukfia wdf,dalhhs ukfia wdf,dalj;a msu msmqKq fk
u,a w:j;a lrhs' fk fm;s i;r p;=rdh i;Hh nj;a ry;a M,h
lrd f.k hk uf.ys m%Odk u. i,l=Kq i;r nj;a weh jgyd .;a;d h'
rkajka yxihd iqj| ys fia is,a ud;d ldhs o m%{df wdf,dalh oi;
ysjdh fuu wd;aufha u tu .uk imQK fldg weh tu m%{d
wdf,dalh ,nkq we;'
wNHka;rj;a ndysrj;a ysfok {dkh" oekSu we;s lrjka
.ska .g u f.k hk Ou;djhla nj is,a ud;d ldhs oek ishd h'
weh w;agq lsisjla {dkfhka neyer fkd jQjls' iEu ixisoahla u
{dkfhka .%yKh fldg ukiska w;aolskafka f wkqjh' fufia .;a
l, lh .ek wjfndaOh {dkfha iajdNdl l%shdoduhlska ,nkakla ne
wehg jegyqKs' flfhka lshf;d;a weh lfhys wNHka;rh uYkh
lf<a lh .ek ukiska ilia lr.;a ix{d u; h' {dkh Yrh mqrd
me;=reKq fohls' th bkashhka m%dKj;a lrka bkashhka iska ,nk
oekS l%shd;aul lrjka iEu ;ekl u ys l%shd lrhs' lh kue;s
uQ;sh w;aoelSu - lh uu f,i - bkashhka iska ykd .;a fYaIs;
ix{d u.ska okajk m Yrh wef.a nj;a thg ;ka we,S lh zuf.aZ
hhs ms<s.ekSu;a is f' ksrdhdifhka u isf;ys my< jQ w;yef
f;kdjlska hq;= j ufkdauh jYfhka f Yrh ilia jQfjle hs i,ld
tfuka u {dkh fya;=fjka o ilia jQjla hehs oek" ta wkqj is,a ud;d
ldhs wef.a lh foig wjOdkh fhduq l<d h' lh Od;+kf
a .ka ilia jQ
;djld,sl ixhq;h
s la k" uf.a lh hk yeSu u;= jQfha fld;eklska
o@ tfuka u Yrh .ek wm%ikak is;
s ,a, wdrN jQfha l=ula ksid o@
iajdNdl j crdjg m;a kdY jk Yrfha l%shdj,sh oel ms<sl=,a

iy.; yeS u;= meKsfha l=ula ksid o@
Yrh crdjg m;afjka kdY jk wNHka;r ix{d .ek is; fhduq
lrka" is,a ud;d ldhs ta tla tla ix{djkays ;udg we;sjk ukdmh
fyda wukdmh .ek fyda fYaI ie,ls,a,la oelajQjd h' we,Sfuka wE;a
jQ wmlaImd;S idlaIslrefjl= yehg ukfia fjkial ykd .ekSug
wehg yels h' ukig tu ufkdauh ix{d ykd .ekSug;a ta wkqj tajdg
fok w:l:k Tiafia m%;sl%shd oelaug;a weh wef.a is;g kE;r
ksoyi kakd h' weh wef.a lfha ;;a;ajh .ek oek .;af;a bkashhka
iska yd ix{d u.ska ykajd fok wdldrhg h' kuq;a tfia ,nd .;a
oekSu weh ks;H yd ukdm jYfhka fyda wks;H wukdm jYfhka fyda
w;agqjd h' wehg oek .ekSug wjYH jQfha" uki tu ix{d ksudKh
lf<a wehs o hkak;a uki" Bg w:hla ,nd yd;ami me;=ref flfia
o hkak;a .ek h'
ldh.;d i;s Ndjkdj jvoa wef.a ukig ksrdhdifhka ke.S wd
yeS .ek fYaI wjOdkhla is,a ud;d ldhs oelajQjd h' {dk Odrdj
.,d hEu kj;d kej; wd miaig tys wdrNh lrd f.k hEug wehg
yelshdjla ;snqKs' tksid tu l%uh md lrka Woa.; jk is;s,s iy
yeS tys uQ,drNh fj; hjd uYkh lsug weh fm<UqKd h' weh"
crdjg m;a l,la .;jQ Yrhla f.k" fldgia fldgia jYfhka ix{d
fkd f.k uq lh u tla ix{djla jYfhka f.k ta .ek wjOdkh fhduq
l<d h' ksrdhdifhka tlg l%shd;aul jk wjfndaO {dkh iy ykd
.ekSu" isf;a m;=f,ka u mek k.sk ms<sl=,la laIKsl j tu tla tla
Yr ix{dj kso hjka u;= jk nj weh jgyd .;a;d h' wruqK iy
wruqK n,kakd tla ixhq;shla jk;=re" weh tu wruqK wef.a wjOdkfha
r|jd .;a;d h' ta fudfydf;a ix{dj iy yeSu flka l yels,S
is; m;=<g ls|d nei {dkfhka f folu Wrd.kakd ;=re mej;=Ks' ta
iu. u tu ;;a;ajh w;=reoyka h' fufia gq jydu weh kej;;a Yr
ix{dj foi;a thg weKq ms<sl=,a yeSug;a ;u wjOdkh fhduq l<d h
kej;;a weh tfia l<d h' tjr o ix{dj" yeS is;s,a,;a iu. lS
159
160
tlla " th wdrN jQ ;ekg f.dia {dkh wNHka;rfha w;=reoyka

h' fufia .ska .g u lrf.k hoa" ta yeu wjia:djl u ix{dj iy
yeSu wdmiaig wjq;a w;=reoyka h' ka wk;=re j lsis mY%uhlska
f;dr j ix{d iy yeS uki ;=< wdrNl ia:dkhg wdmiq wjq;a
laIKhlska w;=reoyka ug wef.a uki ilia h'
is,a ud;d ldhsf.a ldh .;d i;s Ndjkdj ;SrKd;aul wjia:djlg
t<UqfKa h' rEmh flfrys" lh flfrys isf;ys we,Sug we;s uQ,sl
fya;=j meye,s j wkdjrKh h' laIKhlska u;= jk ms<sl=,a yeSu
tys uQ,sl fya;=j iu. kej; inkaO jQ g b;d meye,s wjfndaOhla
ta CIKfhka u Wod h ms<sl=, iy wdlIKh hk yeS folu
W;amdokh lf<a ukihs m%ikak nj iy wm%ikak nj hk ix{d folu
uki iska ksudKh lrk ,oafoa h' tu ,laIK ndysr wruqfKys fkd
;snqKs' ,iaik wj,iaik ne we;slr we;af;a uki h' ndysr wruqKg
th we;s lsug yelshdjla fkdue;' i;H jYfhka u isjkafka {dkh
fudfydf;ka fudfyd; ix{djka yd inkaO fjka ta ta wkqj yeS
we;s lsuhs' wef.a uki yeu fudfyd;l u wmQj ;% uef h' wE .ek ;% iy ndysr f,dalh .ek ;% - f ;% miqj Yajdihla
we;slrjk i;H foa njg rjgd we;'
fuu wjia:dj t<fUoa wkka; jQ wjldYfha me;=reKq isf;ys
fhdaksfid ukisldrh iy ix{df iia;r;ajh tljr l%shd lrkakg
mgka .;af;a h' tfuka u ufkdix{djka ys mej;s udhdj flka l is
hkakg h' {dk Odrdj ;=< yevhla ke;s ix{d wiS; ixLHdjla
tl;= fjka ta laIKfhka u th wfydais .sfha h' rEm ix{dj we;sjQ
fudfydf;a u Bg wdYdjla fyda yeSula we;slr .ekSug m%:u fhdaksfid
ukisldrh th jg,df.k wka;Odk fldg Y+kH ;;aFjhla we;s lf<a
h' .sKsh fkdyels ;r lfha fldgia ^rEm& yd is;=,s ^kdu& lsis
ms<sfj,la fkdue;s j tlla miqmi tlla u;= fj ke;s fj Y+kHhg
hEug mgka .;af;a h'
g fmr lh inkaO j ix{d u;= jQ g" Bg leue;a;la olajd
wd;au ix{dj ;yjqre lf<a h' kuq;a wo tu ix{d ukig we;= fj;a u
wfydais hk ;;a;ajhla Wod we;s fyhska tys zwd;auZ ix{djla f.dv

ke.Sug lsisfia;a bvla ke;'
fuu ix{djkaf.a we;su ke;su b;d YS>%fhka isjk fyhska ykd
.;a ix{d wNHka;r tajd o ndysr tajd oehs oek .ekSug wjYH;djhla"
kElula is; ;=< we;s fkd f' wjidkfha {dkh ;=< fuu rEm
l,dm bmso bmso ke;s fj w;suy;a f.hlska l%shd;aul jk fyhska
tajd f;are .ekSug fkdyels ;;aFjhla Wod jqKs' ix{djla w;=reoyka jQ
jydu t;ek we;s jQfha Y+kH ;;aFjhls' - ix{djkaf.a Y+kH ;;aFjhls'
- rEmhg fkd wef,k Y+kH ;;aFjhls' w;sYfhka mY=oaO jQ wjfndaO
{dkhla muKla isf;ys b;s h' ix{djla ,s ierhla fia we;s
ke;s hk laIKfhka u Y+kH ;;ajhla we;sjk nj ukdj wjfndaO
h' fuu fudfydf;a isg is,a ud;d ldhsf.a uki wdYaphj;a w;smsis
;;aFjhlg m;a jqKs' lh mej;=K o" oekSu Y+kH h' lsis ix{djlg
wef.a isf;ys / isug fkdyels h'
fuu m%{dj is,a ud;d ldhsf.a ;fha uy;a fmr,shla we;s lf<a
h' weh i;Hh we;s iefhka u oek .;a;d h' {dk Odrdj we;s lrk
ix{d udhdld nj o tu udhdld ;;aFjh u; ilia jk ms<sl=,a iy.;
iy wdlIKSh yeS ;Hdjka njo wehg jegyqKs' ukdm wukdm
is;s,s fol u isf;ys m;=f,ys wjHla;j kdurEmhka lD;s lr {dk
Odrdj Tiafia mek ke.=Kq ix{d nj wehg jegyqKs'
tu ix{djkays i;H ;;a;ajh jegyqKq l, tu ix{djkays lsis
jkdlula o ke;s ne wjfndaO h' tg ix{djkays u;=mska fmfkk
f,dalh kdY hhs' tajdg wE ;=< ;snQ we,au o ta iu. u ke;s .sfha
h' uki iska ksudKh l< ish ix{djka ke;s jQ l, tu rEmhkag
;snQ we,Su o ke;s .sfha h' bkashkaf.ka we;slrk iEu ;;aFjhkaf.ka
u wef.a uki wE;a jQ l< wef.a udkisl ;;aFjh .NSr jQ Ydka; jQ
wjia:djlg m;ajQ njla wehg jegyqKs'
wjidkfha Yr ix{d k.ak tajd jqj o wef.a ukfia {dk jmifha
mej;=fKa ke;' wef.a ukfia lsis rEmhla yevhla ;ka w,a,d .ekSu
161
162
i|yd fkd /Kq fyhska weh rEm we;s ;,hl lsisod fkd Wmk njg
is,a ud;d ldhs jgyd wjfndaO lr .;a;d h' idudkH ukil mj;akd
fN!;sl rEm ix{d iy rEm inka; iSud imQKfhka wfydais
f.dia h' wehg weh h .shdla fuka oekqKs' m%idrKh wka yeu
jia;=jla iu. Y% jQjd fia ye=Ks' Yajh;a iu. tlajQjd yd iudk
yeSuls we;=<; ;ekam;a h Ydka; h ndOdjkaf.ka f;dr h
lsisjlg hg;a j fkd mj;sk njls W;a;;r Y+kH;djhls msis h
m%Ndiajr h ksi, h'
163
mdY=oaO;ajh
l=,a ukfia i;Hh iajNdjhhs
th n, jkqfha n,y;aldrfhka we;= jk
ndysr wruqKq uki ms<s.kakd fyhsks'
fodkia fidkia yeS Wmojd
ta u; ;j ;j;a is;s,s f.dv kxjd
ukfiys i;H iajNdjh wkaO lrjk ;=re mj;ajdf.k hhs'
ukfia m%Ndiajr m;%;ajh

is,a ud;d ldhsg wh;a l=h" ilauka uj" ufyda.ks .i hg ;ekQ
l=vd ueiai jir mqrd wef.a fkdfjkia ;=frda jQy' wfkla is,a ud;djka
iuyr i;r fmdfydh khkays wdpdh uyd fndajd ys neye oelSug
.sh o" is,a ud;d ldhs Tjqkg tla fkd jQjd h' tu k jljdkq ;=< o
wef.a Ndjkd mqyqKqj ;Sj% lr .kska je hqKq l<d h' Ndjkd mqyqKqj
i|yd ojfia je ld,hla lem fuka fhfoj o wdpdh uyd fndajd
ysg wE ;=< ;snQ w;suy;a lD;{;d mQjl f.!rjh |la j;a wvq fkd
h' iEu kl u WoEik weh Wkajykafia fjkqfjka l=vd n;a uq,la
iy nq,;a mqjla u,a,la ilid ms<sfh, l<d h' km;d Wkajykafiag
odkh /f.k f.dia ms<s.ekaug tla is,a ud;djla k l<d h' uyd
fndajd ysg odkh weh fm!oa.,sl j /f.k .sfha b;d l,d;=rlsks' tfia
.sh kj, mjd Wkajykafia iu. idlPd lsug .; lf<a b;d l
f,djls'
wdpdh uyd fndajd ysf.a wdrKHh msysgd ;snqfKa k.rhg
Bidk foisks' is,a ud;d ldhsf.a wdrKHh Bg ie;mq folla wE;ska
msysgd ;snqKs' ndka yqwdhs idhs msysfha y ueo h' wdpdh uyd fndajd
164
Wkajykafiaf.a yqol,d pdld .ek lsisfjl=g fkd lSj o is,a ud;d

ldhs Wkajykafiaf.a .uka uka .ek wef.a wdOHd;al Yla;sh ;=<ska
oek ishd h' Wkajykafia wdrKHfhka msg j .sh kh iy kej;
wdrKHhg taug ksh; kh weh fyd|ska oek ishd h' wdpdh uyd
fndajd ys" wrKska msg jQ l< wjg mirh wuq;= YS;,lska msfrk nj
wehg yefk nj o udi .Kkla Wkajykafia msgj ish;a kej;
mefKk g mirh wjg wuq;= WIaK;ajhla me;sfrk nj o weh
mejiqjd h' YS;, iy WKqiqu wehg ye=fKa ndysr j we;s jQ ix{d
fya;=fjks kuq;a wjfndaOh mek ke.=fKa yoj; ;=<ska h'
wdpdh uyd fndajd ys wdrKHfhka msgj f.dia we;s ne oek.;a
jyd u is,a ud;d ldhs Wkajykafia fjkqfjka n;a iy nq,;a mqjla
iQodk fkd lrk f,ig wfkla is,a ud;djkag oekajQjd h' udi lSmhla
miq jqj o fndajd ys kej; tk ne oek .;a jyd u weh tu oE ms<sfh,
lrk f,ig fidfydhq is,a ud;djkag Wmfoia kakd h' wdpdh uyd
fndajd f;reka jykafia wdrKHfha jev isk wjia:djkays fn jQ n;a
idudkHfhka Wkajykafia i|yd ms<sfh, flKs'
kuq;a pdldjka ksu Wkajykafia kej; wdrKHhg tk kfha
fn fkd lr fYaI l%uhlg n;a ms<sfh, lsug Tjqkg Wmfoia kakd
h' tjka khkays mdkaoka n;a nq,;a /f.k hk is,a ud;djkaf.ka ;uka
wdrKHhg tk kh oek .;af;a flfia oehs Wkajykafia uiQy' fmr
k rd;%f
s ha Wkajykafia wdrKHhg meKs nj oek .ekSug lsif
s jl=g
ld,hla ke;s ne Wkajykafia okakd fyhska tfia uiQy' is,a ud;dfjda
Wkajykafiaf.a meKSu .ek is,a ud;d ldhs Tjqkg oekajQ nj;a tneka
iqmr
q e wdydr f.k taug Wmfoia ,o nj;a oekajy
Q ' fuh fndfyda wjia:dj,
is h' Wkajykafia hk tk khka oek.ekSf yelshdjla wehg ;snK
q 's
th lsis kl jerfKa ke;'
ukfia ffki.sl j mj;akd m;%;ajh Wmfhda.s fldgf.k" tlla
miqmi tlla j hk fYaIs; {dkuh ix{d u.ska" O udkisl isoaka
uYkh lrk wdldrh ldhs is,a ud;dj oek ishd h' m;% ukila
;=<ska ksrdhdifhka u .,d hk {dkh ix{d ys lsf l%shdld;ajh
h:d:h oelSf Yla;sh wvx.= ukfia w;smY=oaO idrh ( ukfia m%Ndiajr m;%;ajh
is lrk ne weh oek ishd h' tu ls%hdj,sfha tla tla ix{djka

ykajd foka" tajdg w:l:k foka l%shdld f' tys uQ,drNh jQfhaa
ksi, m;% uki h' tksid is; m;=f,a .eUqre ksi, m;% ksOdkfha isg"
hka;ka fi, wdrN jk {dkh" u;=jk fudfyd;g weh wjOdkh
fhduq l<d h'
iEu ;a;laIKhla fyda yeSula fyda oefkk laIKsl fudfydf;a
" uki ;=< isyska ;rx.hla isyska j u;=lr" talaIKfhka u w;=reoyka
f' fuu tla tla ;rx.hka fjk fjk u .;a l, tajdfha lsis w:hla
fkdue;' tu ;rx. ,s ierhla fia zoekSulaZ we;slr" i,l=Kla fkd ;nd
w;=reoyka f' wimQK woyia" ixiaLdr uQ, Od;=" laIKhla laIKhla
mdid u;= fjka wdrNhla iy wjidkhla meye,s j fmkajka .sks
mqmqre fia l%shd;aul f' kuq;a tla tla ;a;laIKfhka okjk yekau
uki ;=< fika l%shd;aul f' mQK ixl,amuh ix{djla f.dv ke.Sug
m%:u {dk Odrdj fufia ula f,iska fudfyd;ska fudfyd; ilia
f' fufia we;s fj ke;s fj l%shd;aul jk u;lh iy ;a;laIK
mqoa.,fhl=f.a meje;aula we;s nj ujd mdhs'
iajdNdl j fudfyd;ska fudfyd; is;l we;sjk ke;sjk
udkisl ixisoaka ixl,amuh ix{d we;s lrhs' fuu udkisl ixisoaka
yg wjfndaO {dkhla fkdue;' tkuq fuu ixisoaka .ek ksjer
wjfndaOhla ,nd .; yelafla ukfia m;%;djh ;=<ska h' fuh h:d
;;aFjh kso oel we;sjk wjfndaOhhs' m;% uki oa;aj l%shdj,shla
fkd f th tl u il%Sh h:d:hls' yoj; m;=f,ka wdrNjk {dk
Odrdj oaixl,amhla udhdld j u;= lrhs - we;=<; iy msg; - oek.kakd
foh iy oek.kakd mqoa.,hd'
rEm iy ixl,am ixisoaka ilia jkqfha {dk Odrdf l%shdld;ajh
fya;= fldg f.k h' iEu i;a;ajfhl=f.a u is;l mj;sk ishq fudayh
fya;= fldg f.k rEm iy ixl,am ykd .ekSf wjfndaOh {dkfha
ksudKhkag wdlIKfhka wef,a' mqoa.,fhla h" i;aFjfhla h"
hkqfjka ;ka w,a,d .kakd uki Tyq ;=< wd;au ixl,amh we;s lrhs'
kuq;a is;s,s iy yeS ukfia ilia jQ Ou;djhka h ukfia m;%
165
166
idrh fkd f' ukfia m;%;ajh {dk Odrdjg tla jQ l, wmsis

ix{duh ixisoahla f.dv k.hs' wd;au hk ix{duh Ou;djh oe j
.%yKh lr .ekSf wruqK fya;=fjka mek ke.=Kls'
m;% uki" rEmhkaf.ka iuka; fkd jk nj;a ix{djka jOkh
fkd lrk nj;a" is,a ud;d ldhs oek .;a;d h' m;% ukiska" tk
iud i;sfhka isf;ys my<jk ixisoaka foi ksrdhdifhka n,d isk
l,ays ix{d mdol fldg we;sjk ixialdrj,ska weh ksoyia jQjd h'
ixialdr we;slr uki ;=< iar meje;aula we;s lsug fmr weh bka
ksoyia jQjd h' ix{d u; ixl,amkdjka fyda is;s,s imQK j ilia
ug fmr fhdaksfid ukisldrh fhdojd u;=ug wd is;s,s w; yer
Y+kH ;;aFjhlg hEug bv yehd h' wjidkfha" w; yef .=Kdx.h
jOkh jQ m;% ukfia l%shdld;ajh b;d m%n, j l%shdlrkakg h'
tfia l%shdlrka is; ;=< ;ka ld jeug h;ak ork is;s,s" ukisldr
ta ta fudfydf;a u wfydais lrka yeS ke;s Y+kH ;;a;ajhlg is;
f.k hEug yels h'
fuu wjia:dj t<UqKq l< is,a ud;d ldhsf.a uki ix.%du
N+hlg mj;kh h' {dk n,fiakd fndfyduhla we,S iys;
j jglr f.k we;' tajd uokh lrka uki ;=< lsisjla b;s fkd
jk fia jkid Y=oaO l<d h' wiS; rEm l,dm u;= fj toa" .eUqre
Y+kH;djh tajd hlr yefha h' tfia fyhska ukfia h:dN+; {dkh
iEu fudfyd;l u m;% j m%NdYajr j bfhka isfha h'
fudayfhka jgjQ udkisl ixisoaka m%{dfjka kso olsoa m;%
oekSu ish ixl,amhka w; yer oe h' ta yeu ixl,amkdjla u ukfiys
we;sjQ wk: ix{d ;rx.hka muKls' udkisl jYfhka tu ix{d flfia
u;= meKsh;a ta yeu rEmhla u ixL; h" ilia jQ rEmhka h' Y+kH
lrd hk ukfia iu; l%shdj,sh h' fYaI;ajhla fkdue;'
l,am .Kkla ixidrh mqrd wE iu. meKs ixl,amkd ksudKh
jQ l%uh wef.a Ndjkdj ;=<ska is,a ud;d ldhs kdY lr oeuqjd h'
ksrdhdifhka Wmk isysh hkqfjka olajk lsis is;s,a,lg ke.S isug
h:d:h oelSf Yla;sh wvx.= ukfia w;smY=oaO idrh ( ukfia m%Ndiajr m;%;ajh
fyda ilia ug fyda bvla fkd ,oafoa h' wef.a is; ;=< f jk g
ksrdhdifhka l%shd;aul jk h:dN+; {dkh msis h' udhdld fkdjk
wjOdkhls' msis j m%{dj biau;= lr kakls' we;a; we;s iefha
olsk m%{dfjka uki ;=< ilia jk ukisldrhkays wd;au ixl,amhla
fkdue;s ne oek .kakd g tu is; we,Sula fkdue;s uqla;shla lrd
is; u fufyhjhs' isf;ys wjOdkh fljk g isf;ka W;amdokh
jk ;rx. o wvq iS; f' is,a ud;d ldhs ;u is; ;=<ska Wmk
ix{duh ixisoaka we;a; jYfhka l%shd;aul jk whqre uYkh fldg
fyd|dldr j oek .;a;d h' m;% m%Ndiajr is; tfia Wmk ix{d iu.
lsis inkaO;djhla we;s fkd lr .kakd nj weh ;rfha oek .;a;d
h' is;s,s iy ixl,amkd is; ;=<ska u;=u imQKfhka u k;r h'
h:d N+; {dkfhys muKla is; r|jd ;eK'
w;sYhska ishq m;% wjfndaOhla yer uq Yajfha u me;=reKq iud
i;shls' lsisjla fmfkkakg fkdue;' ld,h iy wjldYh ilia u
wnnjd .sh ukils' uq Yajh u kso olsk we,Sulska f;dr ma;su;a
jQ Ya; Y+kH jQ m;%;ajhls' lsisjla fkd mejf;k nj yjk tfy;a
ishq oekSula muKla mj;skakls' isf;ys m;%;ajh fuf;la l,a jid
is ish,af,ka msis jQ wef.a uki i;H jQ ;a; n,h wkdjrKh lr
Ks'
fudayh okjk flf,ia imQKfhka u kdY l< g wef.a
uki w;sYhska ma;su;a jQ kHIahlg tl;= h' flfkl= fudaykhlg
m;alrjk ;r jQ ukfia we;sjQ tu m%n, m%Ndiajr w;sW;alDIag ;;aFjh"
la ke;slsu i|yd weh fuf;la l,a Ialr ld,h ksu jQfha hhs
yjk mKsvh iar jYfhka u ,enqfKa hhs wehg jegyqKs' wd;au
ixl,amh ilia lsug n,mdk ish u lreKq w; yehdg miqj wef.a
is; ueo b;s jQfha w;sYhska m%Ndiajr jQ ;;aFjhla muKs' jpkska f;are
lr .%y lsug fkdyels ;r wehf.a h:dN+; {dkh ;Sj% j ishq j
l%shd;aul h' w;sYhska ishq ma;su;a m%{djls' fuu wjia:df fmr
w;a fkd gq Yauhckl m%S;shla wef.a uki mqrd me;=reKs' tu i;=g
ixisoaka ilia lrjka ka Wmoaojk ;;aFjfhka weh w;aKq nj
167
168
yjk m%S;su;a wjia:dj fuh nj wjfndaO h' tu m%{df,dalh lsis

wjodkulg ,la fkd jk wef.a uki mqrdu jEiaiqKq ;;aFjhls' lsisjlg
n,mEula l< fkd yels W;a;u ;,hls' is,a ud;d ldhs yg weh ksjka
uf.ys wjika ysKs fm;a;g ke.s nj ilaiqola fia wjfndaO h'
169
laIKsl oYkd ,s ierhlska

fudayh meye,s j gq l,
fufia la lkaordjlg hg we,S .e,S isu .ek l<ls
oe j w,a,df.k isu ,sys,a lrkq we;'
tu isis,a fudfyd; ;=< oS wm yoj;aj, oefjk .skaor wvq hhs'
tg yoj; ;=<ska iajdNdlj u
lska oSu u;= f'
u,ska msreKq ufyd.ks

1952 Tlaf;dan ui ueo Nd.fha wef.a ilauka uj biau;af;a we;s
oejeka; ufyd.ks .i mqrdu u,a msmS wjg mirh u ma;su;a lrjk
oYkhla ujd mEf h' tla iekaoEjl" tu u,ska msreKq .i hg blr
;snQ ueiai u;" is,a ud;d ldhs jd isoa wef.a ldka;su;a ukig
woyila u;= wdfha h' weh uqyqK ka wNsfhda.h .ek wdpdh uyd
fndajd iajdka jykafiag oekaug iqiq ld,h meK we;ehs is;=,a,la
u;= h' wehg fujka m%Ndiajr ukila ,nd .ekSug ffOh wehj
Wkka lf<a Wkajykafia h'
Wkajykafia wE flfrys ;enQ Yajdih u;" weh ,o ch.%yKfha
u,am,j,ska ;u wdpdhjrhdg lD;.=K ie,lSf ld,h meK we;s
ne wehg jegysKs' i;r fmdfydh khkaf.ka tla fmdfydh khla jQ
tk" ijia hdufha is,a ud;d ldhs ;j;a is,a ud;djka lsysm fofkl=;a
iu. ;u wdrKHfhka msg jQjd h' l=Uqre hdh woaorg meKs is,a ud;d
lKavdhu Ialr nEjq iys; lkao ke. wdpdh uyd fndajd ys jev
is .,a f,k fj; meKshy'
170
.,a f,k bfha jd is uyd fndajd ys gq is,a ud;d ldhs ;u

wdpdhka jykafiaf.a mduq, oKska je uy;a f.!rjhlska jkaokd l<d
h' wk;=rej i;=gq id l;dfjys fhKd h' iqyo fl idlPdjlska
miq" oE;a tlafldg ;u wdpdhhka jykafiag ysi kud je| f.k u
mdfmdpdrKhlg wjir me;=jd h' miq.sh jir ;=< wE ,o m%.;sh
mshjfrka mshjr b;d m%fifuka ia;r l<d h' ixL; jia;+ka f.ka
mndysr jQ uq Yajh u kso oelsh yels ma;su;a Y+kH;ajhla lrd .sh
wef.a uki .ek weh zisxy kdoZ l<d h'
wef.a iia;r foaYkhg ijka fuka wk;=rej wdpdh uyd fndajd
ys ysi Tijd ;ekam;a iajrfhka tpr o @ hs weiqf h'
is,a ud;d ldhs ysi iejd h'
wdpdh uyd fndajd uo f,djla ksy~ j isg wkqYdikdj wdrN
lf<a h'
udkisl ixisoaka uYkh lroa" Tn bka imQKfhka u
Tng hka uYkh fufyhjoa" flf,ia wxY= b;s j we;s {dkh"
ma;su;a wjfndaOh msysgd we;s kHIah lrd f.k f.dia m;% ukfia
iajNdjfhka u mj;sk m%Ndiajrh yd tla Y% f' fufia we;sjk
m%Ndiajrh fldhs;r jYS lrjk m%n, tlla oehs lshf;d;a ksrka;rfhka
l%shd;aul jk i;s bkash iy m%{d bkash mjd Bg jYS f' tg ukfia
we;sjk ma;sh" meye,s nj wka lsisjla yd ixikaokh lsug ne ;r
.re .dNSr ma;su;a meye,s njls' fuu ma;su;a m;%;ajh W;= YS,h
yd Wiia p;j;a nj ixfla;j;a lrk wdOHd;al Wp;u m%S;shhs'
ta Tf uq,a u wd;ah yeSf wdrNhhs' Tnf.a mqoa., Ndjh okjk
kHIah hs'
kuq;a f ishq wd;ah yeSu we;s fjka ke;s fjka fjk
ixidrhg we,Su we;s lrjk uQ,sl ksOdkh o f' f fudfyd; jkg
ukfia my< we;s m%Ndiajrh fj; flfkl= fmd,Ujd weo .ekSu" tu
i;a;ajhd wkka; jQ ixidr pl%fha bmu Wmdodk lrka urKh bjid
h:d:h oelSf Yla;sh wvx.= ukfia w;smY=oaO idrh ( u,ska msreKq ufyd.ks
ord .kska fkd kj;ajd /f.k hdug fya;= f' fuu uQ,sl we,Su
Tng wd;ah ixl,amh frdamKh lrk uq,djhs" fudayhhs' {dkfha
wvx.= jk ish u flf,iaj,g j. lsj hq;af;a fudayhhs' bka .e,
m,d hd yelafla o {dk Odrdj l%shd;aul jk f.h ;=<ska u h' f
lafIa;%fha fudayh w;sm%n, j md,kh lrhs' kuq;a i;sh iy m%{dj"
{dk l%shdld;ajh wfydais lsug olaI jkafka k" fuu msg;g m,d
hEu jid oeh yel' tk ixl,amkd u.ska we;slrk fudayh wl%sh
kj;S' fufia msg;g .,d hk ish ud. lmd kdYfldg wl%sh l<
miq" is; wNHka;rfha l%shdld ug fudayhg wjldYhla fkd ,ef'
kuq;a ish,a, okakd {dkh mj;sk tu ma;su;a kHIahg nf,ka tl;=
f' fuu ish,a, okakd kHIah Y+kH jQ ma;su;a ;ekls' u;hg m;a
lrjk m%n, ;ekls'
kuq;a fuu ma;su;a Y+kH;djh ksjdKfha w;aolsk Y+kH;dj hhs
jrojd fkd is;sh hq;=hs'
fuu wjia:d fol oyj, iy rd;%sh fuka f,dl= fjkila we;'
ma;su;a uki" ksrka;rfhka we;s f pl%h l%shd;aul lrk wdrNl
ukihs' kuq;a bmu iy urKfhka ksoyia jQ w;smsis ukfia idrh th
fkdf' tu ma;sh b;d ishq jQ iajdNdl ;;aFjhls' taldldr j mj;sk
meye,s ma;sh" Y+kH ;;a;ajhla we;ehs hk yeSu we;s lrhs' fuu
;;aFjh kdu rEm iajNdjh we;s ug m%:u Tnf.a iajNdjhhs'
kuq;a Tn ;ju ksjkg meK ke;'
fuh h:dN+; wjfndaOh muKla m%lg j we;s w;sYhska msis ukfia
tla Yauhckl" W;= wjia:djls' wjidkfha uki ish rEm iy
ix{djkag we;s we,Su w;ayeh miq" h:dN+; {dkh w;smsis ;;aFjhka
we;slr .kS' th ish,a, w;yer we;' kuq;a th' w;a yer ke;'
kso .sh fudayh we;s j tys i;H ;;aFjh fkd oek zthZ tys u
/ is' f fya;= fldg f.k fuu ma;su;a h:dN+; idrh" b;d ishq
wd;ah ;;aFjhlg Tn fkd oek u je we;'
171
172
fuu wjia:df w;aolsk m%S;sh iy ma;sh" ukfia wixL; idrhla

hhs Yajdi lsug Tn fkd oekqj;a j u fm<f' fudayh fya;=fjka
fufia iEKq zixL; idrhZ fudayh .ek ;elSula fkd lr" Tn fuu
Yla;su;a uki wjidk m%;sM,h hhs jrojd ms<s.kS'
Tn fuu wjia:dj ksjk hhs Yajdi lrhs'
ish,a, m%ySK l< mdY=oaO ukfia Y+kH;dj hhs Tn jrojd
ms<s.kS'
kuq;a Tn fufia w;a k Y+kH;djh ma;sh meye,s nj iy
m%S;sh hkdh ;ju;a fudayfhka ne b;d ishq wjia:djka h' Tn fuu
Y+kH;djh b;d m%fYfuka oYkdfjka ,;a msis wjOdkh tys u
r|jd ;Sj% j n,d ishfyd;a th" ûki tjlg m;aj we;s ;;aFjh& we;a;
jYfhka u taldldr j fkd ;sfnk nj;a iar j mj;skakla fkd jk
nj;a fmfkkq we;' fuu ;;aFjh fudayfha uQ, c we;slrk" b;d ishq
ixialdrhkaf.a l%shdld;ajhla fya;=fjka we;s lrjk Y+kH;djhls'
iuyr gl tys hdka;ug fi,ula we;s lr fjkia ula we;s lrk
njla fmfka' ukfia fuu ;;aFjh o jyd fjkia jk iq ;;aFjhla nj
Tng jegySug tu fi,u m%udKj;a h' ish,a, ixL; ixisoaka fyhska
b;d ishq fjkia mjd wkdjrKh lr .; yel' fudk ;r ishq
ma;su;a .NSr ;;aFjhla we;s jqj;a tys wiar jQ wks;H jQ ,laIK
wksjdhfhka my< lrhs'
fuh ksjdKh k" ukfia we;s jQ fuu msis wdlIKSh ;;aFjh
fjkiaj,g Ndck jk nj fmkakq lrkafka l=ulg o @ th ks;H j
mj;sk i;H jQ ;;aFjhla fkd f' ma;su;a wdf,dalh ysfok kHIah
foi wjOdkh fhduq lrkak' fuu ma;su;a wdf,dalhg we;af;a o wks;H
,laIKhkau h' jy jyd fjkia jk wimQK wiar ;;aFjhls' ksjka
u. toa Tn jka jr w; yer oeuQ wka iEu udkisl ixisoahla fuks'
fjkilg we;af;a Tn tys olsk ldjk ma;sh" wka iEu wdf,dalhlg
u jvd m%Ndiajr nj muKls'
lsisjla ke;s ysia ldurhl y ueo Tn isgf.k iskjd hhs is;kak'

Tn jg msg n,oa Tng fmfkkafka yeu w;ska u ysia jQ ldurhls' yeu
;ek u ysia h' Tn yer wka iEu ;ek u ysia h' Tn jgd we;s uq ldurh
u ys ysia h' ldurfha y ueo Tn isgf.k wjg we;s ysia nj w.hka is'
kuq;a Tn tys isk nj Tng wu;l h' ldurfha y ueo we;s bfvys
Tn isgf.k is' tg ldurh ysia jkafka flfia o@ lre fyda tu
ldurfha / isk ;dla ta ldurh ysia ke;' we;af;ka u ysia ldurhla
njg m;a jkqfha Tn ldurfhka msg jQjdg miq j nj Tng jegysh hq;=
h' Tn ;=< we;s fudaydl wd;ah ixl,amh m%ySK jkafka fufia wE;ajQ
fudfydf;ys h' ;fuday jQ" m;% jQ ksoyia ukila we;sjkafka f
fudfydf;ys h' is;" iEu udkisl ixisoahla u w; yer W;a;;r
Y+kH;djg f.k wd l," tu Y+kH;djfha ia; nj w.h lrka i;=gq
jkakd ;ju;a fkd keiS j;a f'
fuu wd;au ix{dj fudayfha m%d:l wjia:djhs'
fuu meje;au"
ma;su;a ishq Y+kH ukil
iy
;fudayS jQ f,daflda;a;r Y+kH ukil
fjki meye,s j ksrEmKh lrhs'
uu uf.a hk wd;ah is;s,a, uyd m<sfndaOhls' th is
w;=reoyka jQjdg miq lsis m<sfndaOhla b;s fkdf' f,daflda;a;r
Y+kH;djh ia f' ysia ldurhla ;=< isk ksid fiau" is; i;H
jYfhka u Y+kH jkqfha zwd;auZ ixl,amh ioyg u ;=rka jQ miqj h'
fuu f,daflda;a;r Y+kH;djh mQK" iar Y+kH;djhls' ish,a, iar
j w;ye wjia:djhs' tu ;;aFjh ta wdldrfhka u bhg mj;ajdf.k
hEug lsis fjfyila .; hq;= ke;'
fudayfha ffki.sl ,laIKh" wkaO wi;H wjfndaOhla ,nd
uhs' fudayh ma;su;a j fmkS iska" meye,s f,i iy m%S;su;a j
fmkSiska wm ieu u rjghs' jHdc j fmkS is' tksid fudayhg"
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174
zwd;auZ ixl,amfhys /f|ka" wdrlaId iy.; j mej;Sf jH f,dalh

thhs' fuu jeo.;a wjia:df mj;sk ishu jkd ,laIK o" b;d ishq
j l%shdld jk fya;= M, l%shdj,shl ;j;a m%;sM,hls' uqla;sfha i;H jQ
Y+kH;djh mj;skqfha ishu ixL; Ouhka wfydais jQ g h'
Tn kej; ye meye,s wjfndaOfhka tfoi n,d jgyd .;a g
:Hd wjfndaOh tflfKys u w;=reoyka f' fudayh" Tnj m%fndaOj;a
lrka ma;su;a j fmkS iska" Tf ksjer oelau wkdu;a ld,hla
j,dl=<lska jidf.k iska Tnj rjgd we;'
is,a ud;d ldhs ;u wdrKHhg meKs miq tk iji Ndjkdjg
fhduq jQjd h' ukfia ma;su;a nj ,enqjdg miq tu uki we we wehg
we,Sula we;s l< whqre uYkh l<d h' ukfia ma;sh weh w.h
l<d h' tfuka u wdrlaId l<d h' Bg ndOd lsug weh i;=gq fkd
jQjd h' wehf.a uq lh;a is;;a .;a l, ukfia we;sjQ ma;sh ;r
w;sYhska jeo.;a fohla wehg fkd;snqKs' wef.a is;" wNHka;rfha ia;
;;aFjhla mj;ajd f.k hEug Wkka lr h' thg ;ka we,S isu
wdrlaIs; iqkaor yeSuls' wka lsisjla thg ndOd lsu .ek weh wi;=gq
jQjd h'
ish,a, okakd {dkh mj;S hhs" fudayh ksid /j is is,a ud;d
ldhsg tu ma;su;a ukfia l%shd;aul jk we;a; ;;a;ajh .ek uid
ne,Sug wu;l h' ukfia Ih Odrdj" is; ;=<g fhduq jQ g oe
ma;su;a kHIahl talrdYS h' th /ia ysjk wdf,dalhls" i;=g
okjk ma;shls" meye,s h' iEu ;a; ixialdrhla u wdrN jQfha fuu
flakafhka h' ffp;isl ilia jQfha t;ek h' yeu i;=gla u t;ekg
talrdYS jQ njla wehg ye=K's tksid yeu l,ays u ma;u
s ;a j meye,s j
fmkqKq wef.a yoj;a flaka h ksjdKh hhs weh jrojd Yajdi l<d h'
kuq;a tu kHIah i;H jYfhka u la yg .ekSf flakah nj
weh oeka iar j jgyd .;a;d h'
t;r j fkdie,S Ndjkdjg kej; jdjQ is,a ud;d ldhs b;d
iQlaIu f,i wef.a ukfia my< jk Ya; ma;sh .ek uYkhl
fhKd h' tu ma;sh wiar oehs .eUqka uiqjd h' uq, tu ma;sh
ksle,e,a" ndOd rys; w;sYhska m;% njla fmka h' kuq;a ;Sj% j tfoi
oe wjOdkfhka n,d isoa jka jr ta yd iudk ishq wrla o u;=
wjq;a tu ma;sh ;=<ska ,nd ka wjfndaO Tmh fl,ik nj weh gqjd
h' fuu wl%uj;a fi,fjk ;;aFjh" iEySulg m;a fkdjk wiar njla
u;= lrk nj wehg jegyqKs' yo m;=f,a ma;sh foi ;j rg;a oe
wjOdkfhka n,d isoa tu ishq fi,u wehg wiq h' thska wehf.a
ielh ;yjqre jQ w;r oe wIaGdkhlska ;j;a bhg hEug wehj
Wkka lf<a h' bka miqj weh tlS fi,u .ek fYaI wjOdkhla
oelajQ w;r ta i|yd .;jk ld,h .ek lsis yeSula wehg fkd h'
wehg jd ld,h .ek wu;l h' ksod .kakd f,dj wu;l h' ;jo"
weh fld;r fjfyiS isfha o hkak .ekj;a l,amkdjla fkd h'
fufia weh k .Kkdjla fjfyiqKd h' weh w;agq ma;su;a wjfndaOh
laIh ke;s hk ;=re" tys hdka;ka isjk ishq fi,u .ek b;d
oe iqmlaIdfjka ld,h .; l<d h'
1952 fkdjen ui 1 fjks k whu ysre ke. toa is,a ud;d
ldhs yg wef.a lh fjfyig m;a jQ njla oekqKs' iud i;sfhka
hq;=j weh meh .Kkdjla wehf.a ilauka m:fha mdjyka ke;sj ilauka
Ndjkdfjys fh we;' NslaIQka jykafia,dg wdydr ms<sfh, lsug
l=iaishg hEug m%:u l f,djla fl .;fyd;a fyd| hhs wE is;=jd
h' whu ysre ke.S tkjd;a iu.u ys tk uq,au ysre lsrK ufyda.
ks .i uqkg je ly mdg u,a kyjd mqnq lf<a h' weh fika fika
ufyd.ks .i hg ;ekQ WKnnq ueiai fj; md k.d" ta u; jd lsis
fi,ula ke;sj iefyk f,djla ishd h' lsis wruqKlg is; fhduq
fkd l< o we;af;a Ydka; njls' ksi, h' .eUqre h' fuu fudfydf;a
lsisjla bhg .sfha ke;' lsisjla wdmiaig wdf o ke;' lsisjla iar j
msysfha o ke;' Bg miqj isysh we;s nfjls" kuq;a fYaI fohla fkd okS'
Y+kH;djhl / is' fuf;la l,a weh iq/ls isf;ys ma;sh laIKfhka
u;= ke;s .sfha h' yoj; mqrd ish,a, okakd w;smdY=oaO oekSula"
wjfndaOhla u;= me;s Yajh mqrd is .sfha h' wjfndaO lrkakd iEu
;ekl u bkakd nfjls ( kuq;a oek.;a fohla ke; ( lsis ,laIKhla
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176
fkdue; uQ,dY%hla fkdue; ksOdkhla fkdue; fYaIs; jQ ;eklska

mgka .ekaula o fkdue; uq Yajfha u ksrka;rfhka me;sr mj;sk
wjfndaOhla muKs' ma;su;a j mej;s i{dkh fudfyd;lska h
w;=reoyka j we;' ukfia m;%;ajh b;sj we;' mdY=oaO Oufha idrh
iy ksoyi muKla b;s lr we;' fudkh whqrlska fyda ilia ulg
hg;a fkd jqKq oekSula muKs' fudku wdldrhl ukqIH ixl,amkhlska
Wmdodkhlska f;dr m%;sikahlska neyer jQ oek .ekSuls'
wjfndaOhls'
is; lh iy h:dN+; {dkh hk yeu
meye,s h:d:hka h'
taldka;fhka ish,a, u okS'
mG-fmdf<dj"
wdfmd-c,h"
f;fcd-WKqiqu"
rEm" fokd" ix{d" ixialdr" {dk
rEm" Yo" .kaO" ri" iamY" yeS
f,daN" oafI" fuday
f ish,a, okS'
f iEu Ou;djhla u h:dN+; j mj;sk whqre
uu oks'
kuq;a Tjqka iu. ud fudk;r .egqk o"
Tjqkg uqyqK kak o"
Tjqkg uf.a yoj;g n,mE lsug
yels tla fudfyd;l= ug fidhd .; fkdyel'
Tjqka we;s f' Tjqka ke;s f'
yeu l,ays u Tjqka fjkia f'
kuq;a Tjqka mj;sk njg we;s oekSu
lsisgl fudfyd;l= fjkia fkd f'
th iodld,sl j kQm' tfuka u lsisodl fkd uef'
f la lkaordjl fl<jr h'
jdfhd-jd;h
177
m;%;ajh
178
179
ksiaiq ksjka olskak kEh lshka

fn,a, fok ;=re
ksula ke;s wNHdjldYh foi n,d is;s'
fldmuK fjfyi uykais wE; n,d ish;a
ksjk tfia fidhd .; fkdyels nj
Tjqka oek .kafka ke;' flfhka lshf;d;a
ksjk iu; Ih m:h ;=< fidhd .; fkdyel'
.x.dj iy iuqh
.x.dfjda fkd kj;ajd u uqyqo foig u .,d nis;s' Tjqkg wdfKsl
yev ;, iy tla tla .x.dj ykajk k o we;' f yeu .x.djla u
uqyqog .,d f.dia uqyq c,h yd tlg tlajQ l< Tjqkg fmr mej;s
fm!oa.,sl ye|ska ,laIK lsisjla fkd mj;S' .x.d c,h uy uqyqog
jegqK o" Tjqkf.a ,laIK uqyqfoa fkdue;' .;a uqyqo;a tlla fkd f'
.x.d c,h uqyqfoa we;s neka" fjkia jQjla o fkd f' tfuka is,a ud;d
ldhsf.a m;% jQ i;aFj mqoa., meje;au" ksula ke;s neula ke;s uyd
id.rh jka ksjdKh iu. ixfhda. h' m;% meje;au fmr ;snQ m
u h' th fjkia jQfha ke;' kuq;a ksjfkys wvx.= m;% Oufhys uQ,
Od;=j iu. fjka fldg ykd .; fkd yel' uqyqog tlajQ .x.d c,h
kej; .x.dj yd tla ug fkd yelald fia ksjk yd Y% jQ ukfia m;%
jQ idrh" fmr mej;s fudaydl wd;ah ixl,amhg jh ka {dkuh
ixisoaka iu. kej; tla fkd fjkq we;'
ld,hla fkdue;s j;udkfhys muKla j;a fjka" w;S;hla yd
wkd.;hla ke;s" merKs lu mdl fkd k m;% idrhlska hq;a" kj
luhka i|yd c fkd jmqrk meje;auls' tys meje;au iksgqyka lsug
ishq jQ i,l=Kl= fkd r|kq we;'
180
k .Kkla hk ;=re fuu W;= wy;a M, ;a; iajNdjh is,a

ud;d ldhsf.a wjOdkfhka neyer fkd h' fuf;la l,a b;d w.fka
hhs is;+ ukfia ma;sh wy;a M, is; yd ii|k l< fldhs ;r r
jK iajdNdjhla oehs wehg jegyqKs' rka iy f.du jeks h'
wjidkfha iajNdl {dk l%shdj,sh ;=<ska ukfia m;%
meje;af idrh" kej; bkashhka f.ka ,nk oekSu iu. iy wef.a
fN!;sl lh iu. inkaO u wdrN flreKs' f,!lsl f,dalfha wehj
bmu iy urKh iu. f jk g;a n|jd ;nk idOl iu. inkaO
kej; wdrN h
is,a ud;d ldhsf.a {dkh iy fN!;sl Yrh" l,am .Kkdjla
uq,af,a f.k wd merKs lu mdl fya;= fldg f.k fuf;la mj;sk
wjika fYaIh h' wehf.a lh iy {dkh f wd;aufha urKfhka kdY
jk;=re merKs lu mdl w;a |skq we;' fjdg we;s ish u we,S
ksjdKh kue;s uyd id.rh yd Y% jqj o lh iy uki tajdfha jmih
;=< idudkH f,i .g u l%shdld f' tkuq ukfia meje;au w;smsis
fyhska iEu ixialdrhla u ; fudayh fmkajkakls' iEu f;kdjla
u m%nqoaO wy;ajh lshdmdkakls' weh idudkH f,dalfha j;a jkakshls"
kuq;a f,dalfhka j;a jkakshl fkdf' is,a ud;d ldhsf.a uki
f,!lsl wdYdjkag lsis whqrlska fkd wef,k ukils'
wef.a is;;a lh;a merKs lu mdl fya;=fjka we we meK
ilia jQjla fyhska ta wjq, ,syd wef.a fmr wd;au fudk fudk ;ekaj,g
f.k f.dia we;s oehs fidhd ne,Sug weh is;=jd h' wef.a jeia n,h
md fldg uq,la fkdfmfkk wef.a fmr wd;au b;sydih foi is;
fhduq l<d h' fld;r jdrhla weh bm weoao" fld;r jdrhla weh ue
weoao hkak fidhd n,oa weh u;hg m;a h' .Kka lsug fkdyels
;r wiS; jdrhla ldu Njfha weh ieird we;' is,a ud;d ldhs w;
yer oeuQ u<isrere ;u rfgys w;=rejd nejfyd;a ysia bvla fidhd .;
fkdyels jkq we;' tmuK jdrhla bmfoka uefrka f .uk hEug
fldmuK ld,hla .; fjkakg weoa o@ bmKq jdr .Kk fyda uereKq
jdr .Kk fyda .Kka lsu lsisfia;a lsug wmyiq ldhhls' tfia
lsug fjr oeu o ksIaM, l%shdjls' wef.a w;S;h fidhd n,oa wehg
oe ika;dmhla oekqKs'
m;%;ajh ( .x.dj iy iuqh
wehs uu f ;r jdr .Kkla la |skak bmfKa @

kej; kej; bmfokakg wehs uu f ;r uykaishla oeref @
bkamiq weh f,dalfha ksiqka w;yer oeuQ wkka; jQ u<isrere
foi wjOdkh fhduq l<d h' ne ne yeu w;u wehg ia jQfha tlu
oYkhls' ia;%s fjd mqreI fjd ieugu w;a ;snqKq tlu brKu
bmu iy urKhhs' iefjdu fuu l=re ixidr pl%hg wiq we;' ta
w;ska yefudau tl iudk h' lsisfjl=g widOdrKhla whqla;shla is
ke;' lu fya;= M, l%shdoduh Tjqka O wd;auj, Wmoaojka urjka
l%shd;aul lr we;' fndfyda wE;g uki ys wehg ldu Njfha i;aFjhka
crdj iy urKh bfha fm< .eiS talrdYS isk whqre wehg fmkqKs'
th wu;l fkdjk oYkhls'
is,a ud;d ldhs ksrka;rfhka lreKdjka; h' wef.a ifydaor
ukqIH m%cdj wdOHd;al jYfhka uqyqK md we;s brKu ms<sn| wkqlmd
l<d h' kuq;a f jk g wef.a yoj; i;H jQ W;= Oufhka ms mej;s
fyhska weh ish u udkqIsl ix{d u.ska ixialdr W;amdokh fuka
Tng .sh ;eke;a;shls'
f i;H Ouh weh wkqkg flfia myod fokak o@ weh Ouh
myod ug uykais .;a; o" ksiqka fudayfhka wkaO ish tjka
W;= m;% ukila Tjqka flfia wjfndaO lr .kak o @ fuu Oufha
jkdlu f;are f.k Bg weyqlka ug leu;s lSm fofkl= j;a
fidhd .ekSug wmyiq jkq we;' wef.a w;aoelSu .ek wkqkg lSug uq,
weh ;rula fm<UqKd h' .e,ug ud.hla fidhd f.dia wehg ;ksj
u fug yels jQ nj wkqkg lSug wehg is;a h' tkuq wehg b
jir lSmh ;=< W;= yqol,dfjka hq;=j jdih lsug ksoyi ,enqfKa h'
uq ;h mqrd u weh fmre mqrka is ksjk idlaId;a lsfuka weh
iEySulg m;a jQjd h' wkqkg W.ekaf Ialr ldhhg Wr ta nr
bis,Sug fya;=jla weh kqgqjd h'
;j rg;a f .ek is; fhduq l< is,a ud;d ldhs yg nqka
jykafia;a" lska ug .; hq;= ud.h lshd ug Wkajykafia ka
181
182
mrudoYh;a isys h' f,daflda;a;r Ouh;a" th jgyd .ekSug weh .;a

ud.h;a kej; i,ld ne wehg" wehf.a w;S;h wfkla whf.a ;
yd ixikaokh lr ne,Sug bvla ,enqKs' weh l,ska isfha o wka wh
jdf.a h' Tjqk o wE fuka ffOhj;a j wdOHd;al hqKqj lrd uki
fufyh jkafka k ta we;a;kag o Oufha m%;sM, fk<d.; yels jkq
we;' f.!rjkSh f,i nqrcdKka jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaOuh kej; kej;
isys l< is,a ud;d ldhs yg uq f,dj mqrdu j;ajk ksiqkag fuu
Oufha w;HjYH;dj meye,s j f;are .sfha h' ksjer j Oudkql+,
m%;sm;a;shlg wkqj mqyqKqjkakdf.a id:l wjidk m%;sM, o wehg
fmkqKs' fuu m%{djka; is;s,s wehj Wkka lf<a h' weyqlka ug
leu;s whg Wo lsug weh ;SrKh l<d h'
uqla;sh lrd hEug is,a ud;d ldhs wjqre folla muK" fndfyda
g yqol,d j iska" tlu wIaGdk is;lska hq;=j wLKav m%h;akhl
fhKd h' kuq;a oekg" weh is,a ud;d wdrKHfha tfkod jevm,j,g
fjkodg jvd ld,h fhdojka iyNd.s jQjd h' wef.a wdOHd;al
yelshdjka wdrKHfha wfkla is,a ud;djka o hqKq lr.kq we;ehs weh
n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ w;r Tjqkg yels whqka u. fmkaug weh iQodk
jQjd h' is,a ud;d ldhs W.ekaf yelshdjka w;ska j, jQjd h'
weh .sys l," wE; .ul iQ idudkH f.,shls' mdie,a fkd .sh kQ.;a
<s .DyKshls' olaI .=rejrfhl= fuka wkqkg W.ekaf l=i,;djh
wehg fkd ;snqKs' weh ll;ajfhka j, h' meye,s f,i WpdrKh
lrka ;u woyia wkqkg ta;a;= .efkk fia lshd ug weh wfmdfydi;a
jQjd h' ludkql+, j weh f,daflda;a;r ;,hlg m;a jqj o" idudkH .e
l;lf.a p; ,laIK ta wdldrfhka u weh /l .;a;d h' weh fndfyda
g ;u woyia m%ldY lf<a mQ ;dhs m%foaYfha Nd;d l< m%dfoaYSh .e
jyfrks' wef.a woyia m%ldY lsu b;d u ir, jQ .e niska l< m%ldYhka
h' jHdc f,i woyia m%ldY lsu iy w;sYfhdala;sfhka ;u woyia lshd
mEu weh lsis kl fkd l<d h' tfia l;d lsug weh oek isfha o
ke;' tksid wE ka Wmfoia Rcq h' ir, h' fl h' meye,s h' wef.a
yq~q ixlaIsma; meye,s ls yoj; m;=,g u ld jk wdldrfha tajd
h' tfia u tu Wmfoia wikakdg o ;SrKhkag t<ug bv ie,fik fia
m;%;ajh ( .x.dj iy iuqh
ieliS ;sKs' wjjdo ,nd .ekSug wE <g meKs whf.a YS, .=Kh .ek
wehg ukd wjfndaOhla ;snqKs' tfiau tla tla wfhl=g wjYH fYaIs;
WmfoaYhka .ek o weh ukd jegySulska hq;=j Wmfoia kakd h'
tfia jqj o iuyre > ia;r olajka" wjYH wkjYH fndfyda lreKq
mg,jka weiSug o mqre j ishy' i;Hh jgyd .kakd wh fndfyda g
ksy~ nj weh oek ishd h' i;Hh .ek jemqr l;d lrk wh" u|la
oek f.dvla l;d lrk wh nj o weh oek ishd h'
ndka yqwdhs idhs is,a ud;d wdrKHh hq;=l follg ue tajd
iunr j f.k .shd h' wdrKHfha Ndjkd mqyqKqj iy .e ck;dj i|yd
wd.l fiajdj fuu hq;=l h' is,a ud;d ldhs fuu wjYH;d fol u
bgq lrka fiajdf uOHia: j ishd h' tla tla is,a ud;djf.a Ndjkd
m%.;sh .ek fidhd n,ka Tjqkg fm!oa.,sl j Wmfoia foka Wkka
l<d h' iEu mshjrla u iu: jQ ishu ndOl uokh lrka bhg
.sh flfkl= fia ieug wkqlmdfjka wjYH Wmfoia kakd h' lsisjlg
hg;a fkdjk p; ,laIKhlska fy is,a ud;d ldhs" wfkla is,a
ud;djkag wdoYhla h' tfuka u wE ,;a yelshdjka Tjqkg o ,nd .;
yels hhs lshd mdk i idlaIshla o h'
oYl lSmhl w;aoelS ;=<ska Ialr .e ;h .ek ukd wjfndaOhla
we;s weh fYaIfhka .e ldka;djl tfkod uqyqK fok lgql ;h
.ek b;d wkqlmdfjka iy ffu;%s is;ska nejd h' tfkod ;fha
iq iq lreKq .ek weh Tjqkg b;d jkd m%{djka; wjjdo kakd
h' Tjqka yd woyia yqjudre lr .;a weh Tjqkf.a wd;au f.!rjh o
rlska wod< .eg i|ka wjYH Wmfoia kakd h' wehf.a wjjdo
wkqYdikd ,nd .ekSug wdrKHhg meKs whg wef.a mQckSh fmkqu
iy weh oelSfuka we;s jQ i;=g ;=<ska Tjqyq wuq;= u f,djlg f.k
.shy' wehf.a wjjdo f,!lsl f,dalfhka wE;g f.k hk tajd nj Tjqyq
oek ishy' ;jo fYaI lreKla h' msh weig fkdfmfkk fN!;sl
lhla fkdue;s i;aFjhkaf.a Y=NidOkh .ek o weh fYaI Wkkajla
oelajQjd h' uOHu rd;%sfha fndfyda g weh fjk;a f,dalj,ska meKs
ka jQ wuq;af;da o ms<s.;a;d h' fm%a; N+; f,dalj,ska meKs ka
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184
yd iudk j jH f,dalj,ska meKs kag o iufia wjjdo Wmfoia

kakd h' w;S;fha m%.=K l< ksy~ NdIdfjka Tjqka yd im idlPdj,
fhKd h' ukiska l< tu idlPd jpfkka flfrk idlPdj,g
jvd ;shqKq meye,s woyia yqjudrejla jQ fyhska wef.a ffu;%sh iy
lreKdj meye,s j Tjqkg jegyqfKa h' Tjqkg ka Wmfoia b;d Ydka;
j wjysrhlska f;dr j ishq j .,d .sfha h' weh Wreu lr .;a fuu
fYaI yelshdj ksid fjk;a f,dalj, kag fuu ;h ksu jk ;=re
Wmldr u ;udf.a hq;=lula yehg weh ie,l=jd h' uy j wikSm j
ish;a weh tu hq;=lu fkd msfy,d .g u bgq l<d h'
185
wms bmK od isg <ud ld,h ksu

jeh mefKk ;=re
wmf.a foudmshka iy .=rejreka hgf;a
yeoS je mK; Ndjhg meKsfhuq'
wm wo f ;;aFjfha iskafka
Tjqka wmg wkqlmdfjka oelajQ iydh ksihs'
wms Tjqkg uy;a fia Kh .e;s fjuq
Tjqkg lD;{ h hq;=hs
ksf,daNS lD;{;djh
jir lSmhla hk ;=re wdpdh uyd fndajd iy Wkajykafiaf.a f.da,
msi ndka yqwdhs idhs .u wjg jdih l< y' is,a ud;d ldhs" ish fYaI
l=i,;d Yla;sfhka Wkajykafia,df.a hE B .uka ia;r oek ishd
h' 1953 jif jia iSu yudr jkjd;a iu.u wdpdh uyd fndajd ys
;u wdOHd;al Yla;sfhka wkd.; isoahla gqf h' OHdk n,fhka
wyig ke.s Wkajykafia wkq.dlhka rdYshla weu;Sug iQodk jQy'
my< ne Wkajykafia" ;u uy wud Wkajykafiag je| kuialdr
lrk whqre gqfial' l ms oEiska Wkajykafia foi tl lrka
wehj wu;l lrk f,i b,a,d ishd h'
mqf;a WU ljodj;a wdmyq tkafk keoao @ hkqfjka m%Yak lrkakd
fia weh n,d ishd h' Ndjkdfjka ke.S is uyd fndajd f;rKqfjda
tu oYkh .ek wdjckh l<y' wudg Wo lsug ld,h <d
we;s nj;a weh wdOHd;al udj;lg fhduq lr ug iqiq ld,h fuh
nj;a Wkajykafiag jegyqfKa h' ;ud fjkqfjka f wud lr we;s
m;Hd.hka .ek isys l< Wkajykafia ;u Wmka .ug hEug ;SrKh
l<y' tfia f.dia wjqre yegla jhie;s wud iqj;a y|sk is,a ud;djla
186
jYfhka iiqka.; lsug bgd .;a fial' wef.a b;s ; ld,h ;=<
wehg wdOHd;al hqKqjla i,id ug Wkajykafia is;d .;ay' yksl
;u uEKshkag ,smshla hjka" zuhs Z is,a ud;djla jYfhka uyK ug
uQ,sl lghq;= iQodk lr.kakd fuka b,a,d ishy'
wdpdh uyd fndajd ys Wkajykafiaf.a .ug jk .ukg is,a ud;d
ldhs f;rKshg o iQodk jk f,i mKsv he h' weh Wkajykafiaf.a
ujg b;du;au iqiq ;=hla jkjd fia u hym;a .=rejhla o jk ne
is;=f h' Ndjkd mqyqKqf wdrNh ilid Bg .=reyrel u i|yd
is,a ud;d ldhs yg mejh yels nj o Wkajykafia l,amkd l<y'
wE ,o W;a;;r udkisl hqKqf f.!rjh wdpdh uyd fndajd
uyd f;reka jykafiag ysjk ne o Bg lD; .=K ie,lSu wef.a
mru hq;=lula nj o is;d" tu b,a,Su w;suy;a f.!rjfhka ms<s.;a;d
h' tfia is;d ;j is,a ud;djka fofofkl= o legqj uyd fndajd ys iy
Wkajykafiaf.a msjr iu. ndka ;d .u n,d hk > .ukg tlajQjd
h'
wdpdh uyd fndajd ysf.a Wmka .u msysfha ndka yqwdhs idhs isg
ie;mq fo;=ka ishhla wE;ska msys Wfodka ;dks m%dka;fha h' ndka ;d
.udkhg meKs Tjqkg uyd fndajd ysf.a u;=h wef.a w;a ;hg
i;=ka iQodk j isk ne fmkS .sfha h' jy jyd Tjqka uyK mskalug
lghq;= iQodk l<y' wef.a uy jhig Wkajykafia iu. ;ekska ;ek
pdldf hEug wehg wmyiq neka .udkh wi, l=vd wdrKHhla
;ekSu i|yd iqiq ;ekla fif h' Wkajykafiaf.a u mdYjfha udud
flfkl= iy Tyqf.a ;=frl= .ug ie;mqula muK ka msys wlalr
ye;a;Ejla muK jQ jk .; bvula mQcd lrk ,j" Wkajykafia th
ms<s.;ay' Wkajykafia o tu bvf mx j iska" NslaIQkag iy is,a
ud;djkag flfhka jdih lsug iqiq fjka lrk ,o wdrKHhla b
lsf lghq;= wdrN lrk ,' ta wkqj WK nnqj,ska Yd,djla iy
fomdYjhg u wjYH l= odhlhka ,jd iEug mgka .;s'
m;%;ajh ( ksf,daNS lD;{;djh
wdrKHh iEfok ;=re uyd fndajd iajdka jykafia" Wkajykafiaf.a

wud" NslaIQka msi iy ldhs is,a ud;dj" pka;nQ m%dka;fha wE; uqyq
fjr< winv ia:dkhlg .shy' tys jdih lf<a uiqka urkafkda iy
m,;=re jjkafkda h' 1954 jif jia jeiSu i|yd tu uqyq nv ia:dkh
f;dard .;af;a h' kuq;a n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdjQ m%Yakhkag uqyqK mEug is
jQ fyhska blaukska kej; ndka ;d .udkhg taug is h' pka;nQ
ys foaY.=Kh wudg iy is,a ud;d ldhs fofokdgu ys;lr fkd h'
;jo tys wdydr fofokdg u .e<mqfKa ke;s fyhska uyd fndajd ysf.a
wud wikSm h' tu wikSmh l=ula oehs fidhd .ekSug o fkdyels
h' jiaidk ld,h wjika fj;a u wudf.a wikSm ;;aFjh widOH
wxYNd.hg ye .uka lsug mjd wmyiq ;;a;ajhlg fmrKs' uyd
fndajd ys ;u wud blaukska wehg yqre mqre .ug f.k f.dia wjYH
fjol l< hq;= hhs is;=f h' lKavdhu kej; ndka ;d .udkhg
msfioa b;d ruKSh wdrKHhla b wjidk fjka ;snqKs'
w;a wdrKHhg msis jydu is,a ud;d ldhs ;u lghq;= wdrN l<d
h' jkdka;rfha we;s T!IO me<E weh ykk neka tajdfha .=Kd.=K o
weh fyd|ska okakd fyhska uy is,a ud;djg iqiq hhs is;+ T!IO tl;=
l<d h' wef.a Yrhg ys;lr hhs is;+ fmd;=j." me,E" f." uq,a hkd
T!IO f.ke;a" uy wudg id;a;= lsu blaukska werUqjd h' T!IO
fldgia fyd|ska oek uek ilia lr frda.S wudf.a fkka k fjkia
jk ;;aFjhkag .e,fmk fia lemfuka id;a;= l<d h'
uy is,a ud;dj" is,a ud;d ldhsf.a fjo fyol ,nka ojiska
oji iqj w;g yereKd h' wehf.a wxYNd. ;;a;ajh flfuka iqj w;g
m;a jqKs' wehg fika fika weug yels Yr Yla;sh jOkh h'
wjqre ;=kl muK ld,hla tu m%;sldr ,nka is wehg miqj fyd|ska
w; mh fufyh ug Yla;sh ,enqKs'
ndka ;d wdrKHfhys jdih l< uq,a jir lSmh b;d Ialr
ld,hla h' uQ,sl wjYH;d fidhd .ekSug mjd ne ;;aFjhla h' is,a
ud;d ldhs iy wfkla is,a ud;dfjda ;u iq isjqre uid ilid .;af;a
u<kS T;d fidfydkg f.k ouk frj,ska h' Tjqkf.a fldg msre
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188
msrjQ tajd h' Tjqkf.a mdjyka jQfha mrK gh lE,sj,ska ilia lr.;a
mdjyka h' wdydr b;d lgql h' wys h' oji f.jd .ekSug hka;ka
iEyqKs' ndka ;d wdrKHfhys j;au fld;r wiSre jQjd o lshf;d;a
is,a ud;d ldhs ta .ek ia;r lSug wlue;s jQjd h'
1960 jIh jk g rf hqKqj;a iu. le,E t<sjkakg h'
jkdka;r t<s jk g Oq;dx.Od NslaIQkaf.a jk rgdjg ndOd
meKsfha h' jkdka;r t<sfmfy<s lr fjk;a ixjOk lghq;= flfroa
wdrKHjdiS NslaIQka jykafia,df.a" yqre mqre NslaIq ;h jka jr O
fjkialj,g Ndckh h' N+f.da,Sh fjkialj,ska wdrKH mirhg
ydks mefKoa Bg tfrysj wdrKH rgdj /l .ekSug ndka ;d
wdrKHh fmruqK .;af;a h' wdpdh uqka uyd f;reka jykafiaf.ka
Wreu jQ wdrKHh NslaIq rgdj /l .kska iar jk fikiqka yslr
.ekSug wdpdh uyd fndajd ys fmruqK .;af;a h' n%yauphd YS,h /lSu"
oe kh iy ;Sj% Ndjkd mqyqKqj bhg f.k hd hq;=j ;snqKs' wdrKHjdiS
ifydaor NslaIQka jykafia,df.a whs;sjdisl /l foka Ouh iy
Ydikh /l .ekSf uQ,sl;ajh wdpdh fndajd ys fj; mejreKs'
wdpdh uqka uyd iajdkahka jykafia wdrN fldg bhg f.k
wd wdrKH mmodj rgg ykajd foka Bg ck;dj kud .ekSug fndajd
f;reka jykafia uy;a mY%uhla .;ay' Bg Wkajykafiaf.a is;a weo ne|
.kakd l;d ,dih iy m%{djka;j ie,iq l< mshjr ufydamld h'
l l,lska wdpdh uyd fndajd ys jev is fikiqkg wl ck;djla
Ou msmdifhka wdlIKh jQy' ienE wjHdc luGdkdpdhhka
jykafia kula hgf;a Ouh bf.k .kska mqyqKqj ,eug ck;dj
fm<.eiqKy' wjidkfha msis Ouh fidhka fjfyiqKq uyck;dj
ixOdk " fuu wdrKHh uyck m%idohg md;% jQ fY%aIaG Ndjkd mqyqKq
uOHia:dkhla njg mj;kh l<y'
fuu mj;kh isjk w;r;=r ;u fY%aIaG .=refoajhkg im
j iska is,a ud;d ldhs tu lghq;=j,g iydh kakd h' b;d
Ydka; ;ekam;a p;hlska hq;a ldhs is,a ud;dfjda wdrKHhg meKs
m;%;ajh ( ksf,daNS lD;{;djh
ldka;djkag fYaIfhka wod< jQ Oudjjdo foka" Ndjkd .eg i|d

foka tfuka u Ydikhg we;=f jkdlu o myod kakd h'
wdpdh uyd fndajd ysf.a u;=hf.a fi!LHh hym;a w;g
yereKq miq wef.a yoj; uqukska u Ndjkd mqyqKqj i|yd fhduq l<
hq;= hhs ldhs is,aud;dj wehg wjjdo kakd h' Ndjkdj i|yd Yla;su;a
mokula we;slr lemfuka iy ffOhj;a j mqyqKq lghq;= lrf.k
hEug uy is,a ud;dj Wkka l<d h' tys id:l m%;sM, wehg u n,d
.; yels ne myod kakd h' wef.a Ndjkd m%.;sh fmr wd;auhkays wE
iska jvk ,o l=i,hka u; r|d mj;S' tfiau fuu wd;aufha weh ork
hh u; o Ndjkd hqKqj r|d mj;S' tu hh weh ilauka Ndjkdjg
iy ys bhfjka flfrk Ndjkdj i|yd fhoh hq;= h' YS,h ks;r
ks;r msis lr .kska wl=i,a ;u ukig joaod fkd .kska" mqyqKq
mmodfjys ksr; jk g wef.a uki msis wjfndaO {dkh hqKq
f' wka;sf ish,a, ksudKh jkafka isf;ka nj wehg meye,s jkq
we;' weia rEm olS lka Yo wihs kdih .| iqj| j ri
lh iamY tfia u yoj; yeS w;aolS' is; tajd .ek l,amkd
lrhs' l,amkd lrka tajd iar nj;a i;H nj;a is;hs' ksrka;rfhka
fyd| isysfhka isu jOkh lr m%{dj hqKq l< g" isf;a we;a;
l%shdld;ajh oel" ta yeu fohla .ek u we;a; we;s iefha olskakg
yelsjkq we;
fjkia jk nj"
mokula ke;s nj"
lska noaO we;s nj'
ksis wjOdkhla fkdue;s l<" uki msgqmiska flf,ia wf.hlska
we wjq;a uq uki u oe j fj<d .kS' l=ula jQjd oehs f;are hkakg;a
fmr rd.h fl%daOh ;Kaydj iy fudayh flfkl=f.a uki kdY lrhs'
ta fyd| isysh ke;s fj,djhs' tu wvqmdvqj u. yeu i|yd ;u uki
foi l,amkdfjka n,d isg flf,ia ixirKh is;g n,mE lrk
whqre ;SlaIK j olsk f,i jeuy,a wudf.ka is,a ud;d ldhs b,a,d
ishd h'
189
190
is,a ud;d ldhsf.a ldreKsl m%{djka; jpk uyd fndajd ysf.a

wudf.a uki ffOhj;a lf<a h' tu wjjdo wehj Ndjkd mqyqKqf
ksjer ud.hg fhduq l<d h' jir ksu fj;a u wef.a uki wdOHd;al
mqyqKqj i|yd fyd| w;d,ulg je ;snqKs' 1967 is,a ud;d ldhs
ndka ;d wdrKHfhka msgj hoa uy is,a ud;dj iar j u wdh
wIaGdx.sl ud.hg fhduq ishd h'
191
m%Yakhla weiSug m%:u

Bg ms<s;=re
Tn u fiug uykais .kak'
Tn tfia fidhk g
fndfyda g
ms<s;=r
Tng u fidhd.; yel'
h mqrd wem lem

is,a ud;d ldhs hgf;a Ndjkd Wmfoia ,o wdpdh uyd fndajd
ysf.a wud iy wfkla is,a ud;dfjda 1967 jir jk g Ndjkd mqyqKqf
isoaOdka;hka .ek ukd wjfndaOhla ,nd ;snqKs' is,a ud;d ldhs kej;
ndka yqwdhs idhs is,a ud;d wdrKHhg hEug fndajd kdhl ysmdKkaf.ka
f.!rjfhka wjir ,nd .;a;d h' je ld,hla weh ndka ;dys /K
fyhska ndka yqwdhs idhs wdrKHfha is wef.a wfkla fidfydhqhka
.ek lkiai,a,g m;a jQjd h' kuq;a lSmjrla weh ;u wdrKHfha
fidfydhqhkaf.a la iem fidhd n,d w;HjYH foa iemhqjd h' weh
wdrN l< wdrKHhg kej; hdug" uyd fndajd ysf.ka wjir ,;a miq
i;=ka tys f.dia kej; iqmqre f,i jdih lsug mgka .;a;d h' fuod
isg jir 24 lg miq msksjka mdkd ;=re is,a ud;d ldhs jdih lf<a
fuu wdrKHfha h'
ndka yqwdhs idhs wdrKHhg meKs od isg is,a ud;d ldhs tu
fikiqfka fiakdikdm;sksh f,i lghq;= lsu werUqjd h' wdrKHfha
is,a ud;djkaf.a jk rgdj b;d ir, jQ pd .;s mej;= we;s ksy~
ms<sfj;a we;s fmfj;ls' weh iud i;sh hqKq lsu .ek fYaI
192
wjOdkhla fhduq l<d h' ish u is,a ud;dfjda wehf.a oe khg

wjk; jQ w;r Tjqyq iudoka jQ wIaGdx. YS,h b;d oe j wdrlaId lf<da
h' .sys f.h w; yer hdf wdksYxi ieu fokdf.a u is;a ld jk
f,i myod ka w;r tu wkqYdikd b;du;a ixjr khdkql+, Rcq
wjjdoj,ska hqla; h'
Tn oeka is,a ud;djla f,i iiqka .; ud iu.;a wfkla is,a
ud;djka iu.;a j;a ug fuu wdrKHhg wdjd' f fj,df b|,d"
Tf is;s,s jpkh l%shdj yeu ff,a u fndfydu Wiia is;s,sj,ska
hqla; fjkak kE' Tn f f,dalfha iem im;a w; yer od,d f W;=
.uk wdf" Tn,df. yoj;a msis lr.kakd wdldrh bf.k .kakhs'
Tn,d w; yer oud wd ta merKs ;h .ek wdmyq ie,ls,a,la olajkak
tmd' f.or .ek" ore mjq,a .ek lkiai,af,ka bkak ld,hla fkdfjhs
f ld,h'
wiNH foaj,a .ek l;d fkd lrk f,i weh is,a ud;djkag ;ka
wjjdo l<d h' l;d lrk yeu wjia:djl u w:j;a fohla u l;d
l< hq;= ne wjOdrKh l<d h' W;= wdrKHjdiS .=Kdx. jOkh lr
.ekSug;a ;u Ndjkd mqyqKqf lemfuka hq;=j h hq;= Ialr;d
bjika ;ud ms<sn| i;H;djh ksjer j olska l,a f.ug weh
Tjqkg wjjdo kakd h'
w;S;fha fkd ,enqKq iem im;a .ek is;ka lkiai,a,g m;au;a
wkd.;fha im;a ,eug n,dfmdfrd;a;= we;s lr .ekSu;a Tjqkg
;yk l<d h' tjka ixl,amkd Tjqka uq,d lrkq we;' w,ilu kue;s
laf,aYh iu. igka jeug;a" f,fyisfhka fldghg hg;a fkdug;a
weh Tjqkg wjjdo kakd h' ;u is;s,s .ek fyd| wjOdkfhka isug;a
yoj;a m;=f,a we;s i;Hh muKla fiug;a Tjqka u;a l<d h'
nqrcdKka jykafia .;a ud.h .ek oe Yajdihla we;s lr .ekSu
w;HdjYH nj wef.a YsIHdjkag wjOdrKh l<d h' Tjqka f;dard.;a wdh
ud.fha iEu mshjrla .ek u fyd| isysfhka ish hq;= nj ks;r u;la
lr kakd h' ta ula ksid o" tu ud.h mj;skafka ;udf.a uki iy
m;%;ajh ( h mqrd wem lem
yoj; ;=< neks' tksid tu ud.fha .uka lrka lska ksoyia u tla
tla YsIHdj fjk fjku fidhd.;hq;= nj myod kakd h' lemfuka
ffOhj;a j ksjka idlaId;a lrk ;=re oe wIaGdkfhka hq;=j ;u
mqyqKq lghq;= lrf.k hEug Tjqka u;a l<d h'
is,a ud;djkaf.a j,lula gq jydu Tjqkaf.a m%.;sh Tjqkg u
;lafiare lr .ekSug fhduq l<d h' Tn fndfyda l,la ud iu. mqyqKq
lghq;= lrf.k .shd' kuq;a Tn,d lSfofkla ch.%yK lShla ,enqjd o@
Tn imQK l< fohg jvd j;udkfha Tf we,S m%udKh Yd, h'
ud Yajdi ke;sk Tn Tnf.ka u wykak' wdYdjka lShla uu lmd yer
;shkjd o@ jH f,dalj, fojreka mjd Wmkafka uefrkakhs kej;
Wmkakhs' Tn jdf.au Tjqkq;a Tjqkf.a fl ; jkdlj,g we
lrkjd' bmug ;sfnk wdYdj" ;hg we;s oe wdYdj ish i;a;ajhka
fuu lska msreKq f,dalfha kej; kej; bmug fya;= fjkjd'
wdOHd;al ;hla ;=< fkdie,ls,a,g lsisfia;a bvla ke;' Tn
yeu YS,fha iy l=i,aj, jdikd n,fhka ksjdK i;=g fiug fjr
ork is,a ud;dfjda' ;reK uy wms yefudau f wd;aufha tlg j;a
jk whhs' uqyqK ug we;s ish u Ilr;djhkag ffOhfhka iy
bjiSfuka uqyqK oe wd;au Yla;shlska w,i fkd" is,a ud;djla i;=
pd meje;au f.dvk.d .kak kE' Tn uqyqK fok .eg iy.; yeu
wjia:djlu ffu;%sh iy lreKdj laIKsl j yeu ff, u biau;=
tkak kE' Tf fhfy<shka fuka bkakd is,a ud;djkag f.!rj
lrkak' uD jpkska l;dlrkak' lugyka wdpdhjh f.a fpk
lD;{ mQjl j Ndr .kak' Tf yeisu .ek uu Tng fpdaokd k.oa"
tajd Tf hym; i|yd fok mdv fia i,lkak' uf.a fpdaokd Tnf.a
Y=Nisoah i|yduhs' Tf wdpdhjhg iy wfkla is,aud;djkag .re
lsu" Tn w;ska fkdjrojd u bgqh hq;= hq;=lula' Tng jvd tl
ojilska mjd fcHaIaG is,a ud;djlg Tn ke wdpdr lrkak kE' wm
w;f mj;sk iqyo;ajh Tn ksy;udkS j i;=ka Ndr f.k tluq;= j
jdih lrk fldg wms yefudagu ,o fohska i;=gq fj,d ieye,afjka
j;a fjkak mqjka' ffu;%sh lreKdj uq;dj ta wdldrhg ;u ;ukaf.a
193
194
yoj;aj, mqrjd f.k" tlsfkldg tajd me;srejfyd;a wjidkfha ish

i;aFjhkag fuka u uq Yajhg u me;sh yels fjkjd taldka;hs'
wdpdh uyd fndajd ys jka jr is,a ud;d wdrKHhg meKSug
mqrej isfha h' Wkajykafia yeu wjia:djl u is,a ud;d ldhsf.a
wdoYj;a p;h .ek jKkd lrka wka is,a ud;djka bka mdv
W.; hq;= ne wjOdrKh l<y' i;H jYfhka lshf;d;a wE f.k .sh
Oudkql+, mmodj iEu fn!oaOfhl= u wkq.ukh l< hq;= wdoYj;a
mmodjls' wef.a wm%;sy; ffOhh" oDV wIaGdk Yla;sh" W;= m%{dj
iy wiS; lreKd .=Kh .ek o ks;r ks;r isys l<hq;= ne wef.a
YsIHdjkag u;la lr kafka h' oe lemulska weh ys lr .;a tu
Oudkql+, p; ,laIK" weh Rcq j u ksjka u.g fhduq l< fY%aIaG
,laIKhka h' wjidkfha wehj wcrdur ksjk lrd f.k .sfha h' iud
inq rcdKka jykafiaf.a w;sW;= Y%S ioaOuh wkqj ;u Ndjkd lghq;=
iy p;h ixjOkh lr.;a is,a ud;d ldhs wjidkfha uqla;sh lrd
.shd h'
195
nqrcdKka jykafiaf.a
Y%djlhka yehg wm ;=< mj;sk
wjHdc .=Kdx.hla fyda
tfia ke;fyd;a lsish fyda fyd|la fkd oek"
wmf.a ; l=Kq crdjg hk ;=re kslrefKa n,d fkdish hq;=hs'
urKh Tn fidhd meKs l,
lsis we,Sula fkdue;s j Tf lh;a uki;a w;ykak'
mdY=oaO yoj;
< wjqre oyh ;=< is,a ud;d ldhs weh wdrN l< is,a
ud;d wdrKHfha wdOHd;al Y=Nisoah .ek uy;a jQ mY%uhla oerejd
h' th wdoYj;a wdrKHhlg mj;kh l< weh 1977 cQks ui yisfha
u frda.d;=r jQjd h' l,l isg tu frda. ,laIK Yrh ;=< jOkh
fjka ;s we;' wka whg lrorhla jkjdg wlue;s jQ fyhska weh f
nj lsisfjl=g fkd oekajQjd h' frda.h ijdf.k isug ne ;r
widOH jQ miq weh frday,lg we;=<;a lrk ,' ffjoHjre wef.a tla
fmKye,a,lg laIhfrda.h je< we;s ne wkdjrKh l<y' ;jo
jemqr isl< mlaIKj, wehg hjehd frda.h o we;s ne fidhd
.kakd ,' f jk g wef.a Yrh ue, b;d j, ;;a;ajhlg
m;a j ;snqKs' weh oe fokdfjka fmKd h' fkka k jOkh
jQ frda. ,laIK weh widOH ;;a;ajhlg m;aj we;s nj ikd: lf<a
h' ffjoHjre wef.a ; ld,h iS; ne ;SrKh lf<da h' Tjqkf.a
ks.ukh jQfha wjqre tllg follg jvd weh j;a fkdjk nj h'
is,a ud;d ldhsf.a wikSm ;;a;ajh tkak tkaku ixlSK jkakg h'
wehg weu frda.h o ta u;=msgg je<" leiai je f,a jukh lrkakg
jQjd h' f fya;=fjka weh fndfyda ffjoH mlaIKhkag Ndckh lsug
196
is h' tu mlaIKj, wef.a wfkla fmKye,a,g ysxil ms<sldjla

je< we;s ne wkdjrKh h' m%Odk frda. ;=kla iar jYfhka u
ikd: h' laIh frda.h" hjehdj iy ms<sldj" weh jel,a j;a
fkdjk ne ldg;a meye,s h'
frday,g we;= lr uila .; fjoa is,a ud;d ldhs wef.a frda.
;;ajh fudk ;r widOH jqj;a wef.a is,a ud;d wdrKHhg hdug wjYH
nj oekajQjd h' weh ljo;a m%sh l< Ydka; jQ ruKSh jQ wdrKHh mirfha
is,a ud;d fhfy<shka jglr ish wef.a urKh is f k" th ;ud
w.h lrk ne oekajQjd h' frda.d;=r jQ miq wef.a nr flka l wvq
h' tkuq;a wef.a yoj; ishu flf,ia nka ksoyia jQjls' is,a ud;d
ldhs wef.a Y=Nisoah .ek ie,ls,a,la fkd oelajQ w;r urKhg o
lsis hla fkd oelajQjd h' wef.a is,a ud;d fidfydhqhkaf.a iy odhl
odhsldjkaf.a o hym; .ek weh jvd;a fjfyiqKd h' wef.a ma;su;a
jk rgdj weh weiqre l< ieuf.a u wdOHd;al .=Kj.dj wdf,dalj;a
l< w;r Tjqkf.a yoj;a m%Ndiajr lf<a h' wef.a m;% ffu;%s .=Kh
yuqf ish ndOl ;=kS hk njla ldg;a jegyqKs' wef.a wjika ld,h
.;lsug wehg wjYHjQfha" fndfyda ckhdg ys; iqj msKsi" jevodhl
f,i b;s wdhq ld,h fhoh yels ;ekls'
wef.a ys;j;a odhsldjla jQ ffjoH fmka Y%s ulrfkdka nexfldla
k.rfha ffjoHjhls' ndka yqwdhs idhs is,a ud;d wdrKHhg ;a is,a
ud;d ldhs yg m%;sldr lsug iafjPdfjka bm;a jQjd h'
ffjoH jD;a;sfha wjqre iail m<mqreoaola we;s ffjoH fmka Y%s"
ldi frda.hg hjehd frda.hg tjlg fidhdf.k ;snQ kj;u m%;sldr
l%u wE fjkqfjka ,nd kakd h' ldi frda.h uokh i|yd m%n,
m%;sjl T!IO o" hjehdj md,kh lsu i|yd hjehd bkaishq,ska
tkak; jka jr u o weh b;d l%uj;a j is l<d h' kuq;a ms<sldj
i|yd ms<shula fkd h'
is,a ud;d ldhs jeks ry;a fufyKska jykafia flfkl=g m%;sldr
lsu ;r NdrOQr j.lSula wef.a ffjoH ;fha fkd l< ne weh miq
m;%;ajh ( mdY=oaO yoj;
ld,hl isys l<d h' ry;a fufyKska jykafia flfkl=g m%;sldr ug

;r wdOHd;al mqyqKqjla wehg fkd;snQ ne o weh mejiqjd h' ry;a
f;rKshlg we;s f.!rjh lsis gl m fkdjk fia ffjoH fmka Y%s
;u fiajh w;suy;a f.!rjhlska Nla;shlska bgq l<d h' tla frda.hla
iqj jqj;a wksla frda.fhka flfkl= h hkakg yels fyhska ffjoH
fmka Y%s frda.hg fnfy;a lrkjdg jvd frda.shdg m%;sldr l<d h' is,a
ud;d ldhs < h kl h hk ne oek is ffjoH fmka Y%s" weh
wiykhlska f;drj fldhs ff,;a iqj myiqj isug lghq;= ie,iqjd
h' f fya;=j ksid wehg fYaI fnfy;la ug m%:u frda.h .ek
fl ia;rhla lr wehf.a is;g nrla fkd tu fnfy; .ekSfuka
lhg we;sjk m%fhdackh is,a ud;d ldhs yg meye,s lr kakd h' tu
ia;rh weiSfuka miq j ta fnfy; .ekSu fkd .ekSu weh ;SrKh l<d
h' weh hula tmd hhs lsjfyd;a ffjoH fmka Y%s wehg n,mEula fkd
l<d h'
f wdldrfhka wjqre 14 la .; h' wef.a wikSm ;;a;ajfha
fjkila fkd jQj o Ndjkd mqyqKqjg wjeis wkqYdikd fuka iy
wkqkg Ouh fnod fuka weh wE;a fkd jQjd h' tu wdOHd;al
j.lSu" wikSmfhka ish o weh yels muKska bgq l<d h' wehf.a Yr
j,;d fkka k ySk fjoa Bg wkqrEm j wef.a k phdj ilia
lr .kska wE i;= hq;=lu fyd| isysfhka bgq l<d h' wdrKHh ;=<
weh isk wjia:dj," W;a;;r ukqIH;ajh iy tys uq fudf<dlaNdjh
i;r idjg u ysfok njla ldg;a ye=Ks' wehg Wo lrk yefudag u
m%Yxid fldg mska wkqfudaoka lsug weh wu;l fkd l<d h' ffjoHjh
wehg fndk fnfy;a ka miq th w.h lrka ;u oE;ska u tu fnfy;a
ysi u;g f.k ffjoHjhg mska muqKqjd bka wk;=rej fnfy;a jd
h' weh ne,Su i|yd wdrKHhg tk yefudau weh ms<s.;af;ao Tjqkg
uy;a jQ f.!rjhla olajka h' Tjqka weiQ Ou m%Yakj,g lsis fYaI
mlaImd;s;ajhla fkdolajd Oudkql+, jQ m%{djka; ms<s;=rej,ska ix.%y
l<d h' wef.a uki w;smdY=oaO;ajhlska mej;s fyhska wkqkg Ouh
b.ekau weh .g u lrf.k .shd h' ukqIH Yrh urKh lrd wLKav
.ukl fh isk nj okakd weh" ta .ek miq;e,s fkd jqKd h' wef.a
Yrfha j,;ajh ykd .kska b;s j we;s wdhq ld,h iy Yr
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Yla;sh Wmfhda.s lr .kska wef.a wkqlmdj fidhd meKs whg Ou

odkh fnod kakd h'
Yr fi!LHh ;j ;j;a ySk fjoa wef.a wdydr wreh je hqKq
h' wdydr ru o j, h' f fya;=j ksid wehg tla f,lg
lkakg yels jQfha ms~q folla ;=kla muKs' lf o;a ish,a, u mdfya
je we;' tksid lgg .;a n;a lg yemqf b;d fiks' wdydr lgj,a
fol ;=kla lEug wehg mehla muK .;jqKs' Yrfha j,lu ksidfoda
wdydr ymoa wef.a ysi o ta wkqj fi,jqfKa h' ukqIH Yrh fkdmj;sk
fohla nj weh okS' Yrh j, jqj;a th Tijd f.k isu mjd wehg
uy;a jQ nrla h' is,a ud;d ldhsf.a Yr l+vqj tkak tkak u rdm;a
h' bkashka w;sYhska j, h' rEmfha wks;HNdjh okakd whg th
idudkH fohla h' wef.a tla wlaIs f.da,hl mSvkh je rer
mSvkh wiajdNdl f,i" wk;=reodhl f,i by< .sfha h' tkuq weh
ffjoH m%;sldr m%;slafIam l<d h' iajNdjOuh iajdNdl j l%shd lrk
nj;a tfia ug wm bv h hq;= nj;a wehf.a woyi h' udi lSmhlg
miqj l< ffjoH mlaIKhl wef.a tla weila wkaO we;s ne
wkdjrKh h' wksla wei o ;o n, f,i iq mg,hlska jeiS we;snj
oek .;s' kuq;a tu weiska hka;ka hula n,d .ekSug wehg yels h'
;=kh fokdjla u;= wd fyhska weh fldkao kudf.k l=
weug fm<UqKdh' .uka lsu ;j;a j, h' flfkl=f.a wdOdrhla
fkdue;sj mshjr lSmhla j;a hEug fkdyels ;;ajhla Wod jqKs' l
klg miq tla WoEikl wef|ka ke.sg weug W;aidy lroa" wehg
;j rg;a weug fkd yels ne wjfndaO h' bka miq wehj ;ekska
;ek Tijd f.k hEug is h'
is,a ud;d ldhsf.a ;h ffu;%sh iy l<HdK ;%;ajh mok
lr nq oyug lem jQ ;hls' urKh fmks fmkS jqjo weh fjfyi
fkd n,d fndfyda ckhdf.a iqj msKsi fndfyda ckhdf.a iem msKsi
lemfjka wdoYj;a jQjd h'
wef.a fuu W;a;;r p; ,laIK fYaIfhka wehf.a im
wkq.dlhkaf.a iy ffjoHjhf.a is;a ;=< lsisod fkd ueflk fia
igyka h' Yr fokd w;sYhska mSvdld jqj o f;rKsh ta yeu fkd

ie,S bjid ord ishd h' weh lska Kq wdh Y%dldjls' ldu Njhkays
meje;au i;H jYfhka u okakd W;a;udhls' wef.a fmr wd;au Njhka
iy j;udk ksjka wjfndaOh idlaId;a lr.;a nqoaO hKshls' Roa
m%d;sydh mEug okakd mr;a; cdkk {dkfhka hq;a ry;a f;rKshls'
tneka Yr fokd .ek lsis ii, ula wE ;=< fkd h'
my<g keuqKq kslg" .sKq luq,a iys; uqyqK" /,s .eiqKq l yu"
lhg je<k frda." w; mh jdre ke;s u wef.a urKdikak nj ;yjqre
lf<a h' is,a ud;d urKdikakj wef|a je;s isfha iajNdj Oufha crdj
iy jHdh f,djg ksjer j myod fok i ksoYkhla f,isks' m%dKh
;ju;a hka;ka .eg .id f.k n, j mj;sk bkashkag ;j bhg
hEug W.yg ne okajka fika fika wm%dKsl j iajNdjOufha
kHdhg hg;a u wdrN l<dh' fjfyig m;a jQ j, bkashka ;skash
w; yeug hkakd fia wjka flka l msfykakg h' Yrh iy
uki ( kdurEm" fmr lu mdl .%yKfhka uyd N+;hkag fn hEu
werug iQodk jk njls' kuq;a kdu rEmhkaf.ka Y+kH jQ kdY l<
fkdyels h:dN+; {dkh" m;% idrh wkd.; n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla rys; j
yd;ami isr me;sr ;snqKs'
tod wdpdh uyd fndajd f;reka jykafia" Wkajykafiaf.a
urKdikak YsIHdj ne,Sug meKshy' tfia meKs Wkajykafia iajNdj
Ouhg bv lsisjla fkd lr isk fia wef.a ffjoH Wmia:dhsldjkag
oeka h'
is,a ud;d ldhs j;a jQfha wka wh fjkqfjks' ish,af,da wehg
iekiSfuka uefrkakg bv yeh hq;=hs' ry;a f;rKshlf.a wjika
.ukg lsisjl= ndOd fkd l< hq;=hs'
f jk g wef.a fmky isr yqiau .ekSu w;sYhska Ialr
h' wef.a jeyereKq Yrh >k " lg we" oEia wvjka j fkd fi,a
je;sKs' wef.a ffjoH fialdjka wE imfha isg mK we;s i,l=Kq
fij o Tjqkg yqiau jefgk njla fkdfmkqKs' wjidkh <x fjk nj
weh jgd is ld yg;a jegyqKs'
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kuq;a lsisfjl= Tjqkf.a weia weh f.ka bj;g fkd .;ay' wef.a
yqiau oefkk fkd oefkk ;rug ishq h' flfuka flfuka th o wvq
f.dia yqiau .kakd njla fkd oefkk ;;ajhlg meKsfha h' fkd
oefkk yqiau /,a, isyska j ishq j wvq f.dia wjika h' ikaiqkaj
wjika h' weh fldhs fudfydf;a h .shd oehs wE jgd is lsisfjl=g
lSug wmyiq h' wef.a fN!;sl lh fkdfi,a je;sr mej;=Ks' ksi, j
je;sr ;snqKs' iajNdj Oufhka neyer jQ lsis l%shdj,shla fuys is fkd
h' iajNdj Ouh u wkdjrKh h'
ldhs ry;a f;rKska jykafia 1991 cQks ui 18 jeks k WoEik
ksoyia j msksjka mE fial'
wjidkfha wef.a fm!oa.,sl m;% idrh" l=vd we<la ksoyfia .,d
hka .x.djka iy uqyq iu. tlajkakd fia" fkd ief,k uyd iuqhla
jka iodld,sl Y+kHhla iu. imQKfhka tla Y% h'
l f,djlg miq wdpdh uyd fndajd f;reka jykafia foayh
ne,Sug meKshy' Wka jykafia iq froaolska jid ;snQ ue,jqKq u< isrer
foi iEfyk fj,djla ksy~ j n,d iska urKdkqiauD;sh jevqf h'
Wkajykafia ry;a fufyKska jykafiaf.a wdodykh cQks ui 23 fjks
kg kshu l<y' r neyer isg tk wef.a {d;Skag iy Y%oaOdjka; odhl
odhsldjkag ;u wjika f.!rjh oelaug;a wdodyk W;aijhg iyNd.s
ug;a bka bv lv ,enqKs' wdpdh uyd fndajd ys wdodyk W;aijfha
wdYSjdo jkaokd .d:d iCOdhkd lsug wjia:djla fkd kafka h'
Wkajykafia tu ;SrKh .kq ,enqf is,a ud;d ldhs f;rKsh ,eh hq;=
wjika M, fk<d .;a W;a;udh fyhska wehg w;ska wdYSjdo m%d:kd
.d:d iCOdhkd lsfuka m,la fkdue;s fyhsks'
cQks ui 22 jk k ikaOHd iufha wdpdh uyd fndajd f;reka
jykafia is,a ud;d ldhs f;rKshg wjika f.!rjh oelau i|yd
wdodyk W;aijhg /iajQ Yd, NslaIq" Wmdil Wmdisld msila wu;d
fYaI OudkqYdikhla meje;ajQy' kQ;k ld,fha fhka u is
wdoYj;a ry;a fufyKska jykafia flfkl= yehg is,a ud;d ldhs
f;rKsh wdodyfkda;aijhg iyNd.s jQjkag ykajd kay'
ldhs f;rKsh" wef.a urKh" f f,dalfha iajNdj Ouh .ek

wjOdkhg wmj fhduq l<d' wm ljqre;a lsis fNaohlska f;drj h
kl uefrkjd ksh;hs' ksi;a nj ,nd bmK wms f jdikdjka;
Wmam;a;sfhka hym;a m%;sM, ,nd wmf.a yoj;a ;=< wdOHd;al
mmQK;ajhla ,eug yels iEu W;aidyhla u .; hq;=hs' nqka
jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaOuh .ek lsis ielhla we;slr .ekSug wjYH
keye' tu ioaOufha i;H;djh iy;sl lsug p;=rdh i;Hh muKla
m%udKj;a f' wm Y%oaOd Nla;sfhka hq;=j Ndjkd mqyqKqj .ek nqka
jykafiaf.a wkqYdikd wkq.ukh l<fyd;a wksjdhfhka wm ud. M,
,nkq taldka;hs'
nq oyu wkqj l%uj;a wdOHd;al mqyqKqfjys fhfok we;af;da isk
;dla f,dalh ry;=kaf.ka wvqjla fkd jkq we;' fuu i;Hh f,djg
fmkajk .=Kj;a wdoYj;a ,N .kfha ry;a fufyKska jykafia
kuls is,a ud;d ldhs' weh uerefKa o wms uefrk wdldrhg u h' tfia
jqjo jeo.;a jkqfha wef.a yoj; ;=< jOkh l< Odl .=K Ouhka
h' tk wef.a i;H jQ m;% jQ wdOHd;auhhs' wef.a urKh fkd f' uki
uQ,sl mokuhs' fyd| krl l%shd folu .ek wmg wK fokafka ukihs'
tksid wm j;a j ish wfma yoj; Odl j je hqKq lr .ekSug
wmg ,e we;s fuu wk> wjia:dfjka ksis m%fhdack .; hq;=hs'
is,a ud;d ldhs ry;a f;rKska jykafiaf.a wdodykh miq
k oyj,a ld,fha ndka yqwdhs idhsys msys is,a ud;d wdrKHfha
meje;aKs' NslaIQka jykafia,d 200la muK;a .sys ieoeyej;=ka oyia
.Kkskq;a f;rKshg wjika f.!rj oelaug meK ishy' .sys me
w;s Yd, ckldhla fma<s iE iq yka l=vqj,ska iE ma;su;a iqj|e;s
mqIam" ;%j;a f,i ;ekQ foK u; iEhla fuka isk fia Wig Wig
;ekam;a lrk ,'
wdodyk W;aijhg iyNd.s jQ w;s Yd, .sys me msi fudfyd;lska
f.!rj im%hqla; oe ksy~;djhla rlsk ,' wdpdh uyd fndajd
f;reka jykafia .sks ijla /f.k" foK hka ilid ;snQ jyd .sks
wef,k l=yrhg fhduq lrk ,' fudfyd;lska .sks we,S .sks oe,a
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nqr nqrd by<g kef.kakg h' >kj ieliqKq /<s foK T;df.k
flka l wyig tla h' wdYaphhls" ta fudfydf;a u YS;, msksfmdo
jeiaila wdodyk N+h wjg m;s; h'
tk ikaOHd hdufha .skak ks .sfha h' WIaK;ajh wvq jQ miq
NslaIQka jykafia,d iy is,a ud;dfjda whg ;ekam;a jQ ry;a f;rKshf.a
Od;+ka iqreKq fidfydk wjg /ia jQy' fidfydka f l,ska ;=nQ oe
;dmh re h' wef.a weg lgq l=vd le,s;sj,g iqka iq mdg jKfhka
w hg ;ekam;a ;snqKs' fcHaIaG NslaIQka jykafia,d b;d m%fifuka
yd f.!rjfhka w hg w=re iu. ;ekska ;ek is ;snQ l=vd weg
le,s;s iq froaolska wdjrKh l< nkafoaishlg tl;= l<y' tu Od;+ka
miqk WoEik f;la b;d f.!rjfhka r|jd .;af;a h' tfia tl;= l<
ry;a f;rKshf.a Od;+ka jykafia,d rdYshla wehf.a Y%oaOdjka; odhl
odhsldjka w;r mQckSh isysjgk f,i fnod fok ,' Tjqka tu Od;+ka
ksle,e,a W;= YS,h fmkakq lrk jkd ueKsla .,a fia f.!rjfhka
i,lka je ms lsug mgka .;s'
ry;a fufyKska jykafia kulf.a Od;+ka < ;nd .ekSfuka
f,daflda;a;r jQ wdYSjdohla tu whg ,efnk nj Tjqkaf.a Yajdih
h' ;ukag hym;la jk nj;a m%d;sydh mEf Yla;shla tu Od;+ka
jykafia,dg we;s nj;a Tjqyq ms<s.;ay' Tjqkf.a yoj;a ;=< we;s Y%oaOd
YS, n,h yd iu.d j tu Od;+ka jykafia,df.a n,hla we;ehs Tjqyq
ms<s.;s'
l l,la .;fjoa tu Od;+kaf.ka fndfyduhla weg le,s;s
Roauh mj;khlg Ndckh h' l,a h;au fuu Od;+ka flka l"
tlska tl" tlg we,S m<s= fuka >k j iE ueKsla .,aj,g mj;kh
h' iuyrla fldakdldr kso oelsh yels m<s= njg fmr<sKs' ;j
iuyrla isks jKj;a ,sfik uqyq mn fuka fjkia h'
fuu ry;a fufyKshf.a wGs Od;+ka fN!;sl j b;s jQ mG
fldgia" jpkska ia;r lsug wmyiq zry;=ka f.a m;% wdOHd;auhZ
woaN+; f,i wmQj f,i ms<sUq lrkakls' jhla ke;s weg le,s;s
huka;s" uq;= njg yev fjkiau wdYaphj;a mj;khls' ry;ka

jykafia flfkl=f.a w;smdY=oaO uki" flka l msis fjka wy;a
M,h olajd tk g" th tu Yrfha rEm fldgiaj,g uy;a fia n,mdk
nj fuhska ;yjqre f'
ry;ka jykafia flfkl=f.a iud ;a;fha ffki.sl m;%;ajh
tfkod Ndjkd lghq;=j, fhfooa fudk ;r m;% j bgqfjkafka oehs
lshf;d;a" Yrfha uydN+; fldgia o m;% jk;=re l%shd;aul f' fuu
msis u" Wkajykafia,d msksjka mEfuka miq tu m;% Od;= fldgia
uq;= ueKslaj,g fmr<Sug fya;= f'
is,a ud;d ldhs ry;a f;rKshf.a wGs Od;+ka wdYaphj;a f,i
ma;su;a uq;= ueKsla njg m;au by; oelajQ ukfia wisu;a nj Tmamq
lsu i|yd m%n, idlaIshla jYfhka fmkah yel'
weh jpkfha miudma;d:fhka u nqrcdKka jykafiaf.a W;=
wdh Y%dldjls' ksldKka jykafiaf.a wjHdc nqoaO hKshls'
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NslaLq iS,r;fkda
is,a ud;d ldhs ry;a f;rKsh
.ek ;dhs NdIdfjka ,shejqKq uq,a
lD;sh bx.%Sis NdIdjg mj;kh
lrk ,oafoa NslaLq iS,r;fkda isks'
1948 jIfha wefuldf jkshd
m%dka;fha Wm; ,en" jhi wjqre 26
nqoyu .ek uQ,sl oekSula ,nd 1975
jif bkahdf nex.f,days mQcH
nqoaOrla; ys iu idufKar ys
kula f,i iiqka .; jqKs' idufKar
iS,r;fkda ys 1976 Y%S ,xldjg
jevu fldg uyr.u Y%S jr[dK
Oudh;kfha w;smQcH w.a. uyd
mKa; ufya m[a[diSy udys hgf;a Wmimodj ,nk ,' jir
1977 ;dhs,ka;hg je Wkajykafia wfm%a,a ui 21 jeks k" nexfldla
k.rfhys j fndfjdaksfjia ydrfha Ouhq; ksldhg wkqhqla; j
kej;;a uyK Wmimodj ,eh' t;ekska Wfodaka ;dks m%dka;fha ndka
;d wdrKHh n,d je iS,r;fkda ys f olajd wdOHd;al hqKqj
i,id .kska iy Ydik lghq;=j, kshef<ka W;a;;r fmfj;la
f.k hkafka h' uE; b;sydifha my< jQ w;sfY%aIaG ry;ka jykafia
kula jQ wdpdh uyd fndajd {dkimkafkda uyd f;reka jykafia
hgf;a YsIHhl= j" Wkajykafia 2011 jIfha ckjd udifha 11 jeks k
msksjka mdkd ;=re jev jdih l<y'
wo jk g iS,r;k ys ndka ;d wdrKHfha isg ie;mq 120la
muK ka msys f,dhs ia;%slalfha j;a md id,d fkdhs k jQ wdrKHfha
wcdka ksfmdka wNsimkafkd uyd kdhl ys hgf;a Ndjkd iqjfhka
iy Ou .%ka: ilia lrka jev jdih lrhs' f jk g Wkajykafia
jia wjqre 35 la imqrd we;'
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ry;a M,h .ek iel we;a;ka yg

wkqlmdfjks ''''''''''''
ksjka u. tys M, iy ksjka wjfndaOh fuu wd;au Njfha u
idlaId;a lsug wmg we;s yelshdjka ielhg Ndckh lsu lsisfia;a
l< fkdyelalls' fn!oaOhka jYfhka wmg ta i|yd lsis ms<s.; yels
fya;=jla oelaug o fkdyel' i;H jYfhka u wm fn!oaOhka we;af;a
ksjka wjfndaOh l< yels njg wm ;=< mj;sk oe Yajdih fya;=
fldgf.k h' wms ish,af,da u nqoaO;ajh iy inqoaO;ajh idlaId;a lsu
Yajdi lruq' ta ksidu wms fn!oaOfhda fjuq' ;jo nqrcdKka jykafia"
NslaIQka wdh wIaGdx.sl ud.h wkqj ksis m jikakdyq k f,dalh
ry;=kaf.ka ysia fkdjk ne mejiQ fial' ^'ks'- uyd mksndK iQ;%h&
fndfyda iQ;% foaYkdjkays nqka jykafia ksjka u. Tiafia .uka lrk
we;a;ka yg ,efnk M,odhS mdl .ek fkdfhla jr foaYkd lr we;'
oka fuka we;sjk i;=g .ek nqyq foaYkd l<y' YS,fha m%;sm;a;s
rlska Odl j j;a jk g ,nk i;=g ( ffu;%sh jvk l,ays ,nk
m%S;sh ( iu: Ndjkdj jvk g w;aoelSug ,efnk W;= Ydka; nj (
flf,ia m%ySK lsfuka yd la fl<jr lsfuka ,nk ksrdi m%S;sh"
wd jYfhka nqyq fndfyda g Oufha M, mdl olajd we;'
208
f oE w;a we;af;da wkka; h wm%udK h' ksjer Ou ud.

fha .uka lrk we;a;ka yg fuu Ydka; jQ m%;
S u
s ;a ;;a;j
a hka <d lr.;
yel' nqrcdKka jykafia foaYkd l< fuu uQ,l
s Ouhkays i;H;djhka
fidhd oek tys hym;a mdl w;agq l,ays Wkajykafia foaYkd l< ksjk
idlaId;a lsu flfrys Yajdih ;yjqre f' wdh wIaGdx.sl ud.fha
.uka lrk kEu flfkl=g ksjdK Od;=f W;a;;r i;=g iuHla
m%{dfjka w;aoelsh yels ne ;yjqre f'
nqka jykafia iy Y%djl ry;ka jykafia,d fuf,dj w;ayehdg
miq ksjka u. o Tjqka yd /f.k .sh njla ;%smsglfha fld;eklj;a
i|yka ke;' kuq;a wm Ydia;DDka jykafia ;u mksjdKfhka miq
Ouh iy kh wdh wIaGdx.sl ud.h Tiafia hEu i|yd u. fmkaug
b;s lr we;s ne b;d meye,s j mejiQ fial' nqka jykafiaf.ka
wm tfia Wreu lr .;a Ouh iy kfhys lsis wvqyq~qjla oelah
fkdyel' jir 2600 lg l,ska foaYkd l< m u wo;a tys m;%;ajh
iy j,x.=Ndjh ta wdldrfhka u iar j mj;S' Ouh iy kh Tiafia
oe lemfuka iy wIaGdkfhka hq;=j Ndjkd mqyqKqfjys fhKfyd;a
ixidr prfha l=uk fyda n,f.hlgj;a isf;ys Wmk mru iqL
;;a;ajh je<lsh fkdyel'
hym;a lu mdl fya;=fjka" ksu, nq oyu mj;sk fuu
wjfha ksi;a nj ,en nqka jod< Ouh ta whqka u oek .ekSug
jdikd ,;a wh w;sYd, h' l=i,;djhka ys nqoau;a ck;dj nqka
jod< Ouh m%dfhda.sl j mqyqKq ug fkdfm<Uu .ek lsis idOdrK
fya;=jla oelah fkdyel' tfia u mqyqKq jQ Ouh ;udf.a;a wkqkaf.a;a
hym; i|yd fkdfhoug o idOdrK fya;=jla oelah fkdyel' fuh
j<lajkqfha wm is;a ;=< iy yoj;a ;=< l%shd;aul jk flf,ia h' nqka
jod< ksjka ud.h tu flf,ia m%ySKh lsug fya;=jk Ou ud.
hhs'
laf,aYhka n,.;= jQ l,ays ud.h j, f' tfia j, lr
wm olsk ndysr f,dalh jeo.;a nj;a Ouh fkdjeo.;a nj;a wmj
Yajdi lsug fhduq lrjhs' ndysr f,dalh wmg fmkajd fokafka ksjka
ry;a M,h .ek iel we;a;ka yg wkqlmdfjks''''''
wjfndaOh i|yd nqka jod< Ouh wkqj mqyqKqu Ialr nj h' wm j;a
fjoa wmg ug isjk la lror u. yeug wjYH ksidu th wjfndaO
lsug fkdyels nj fmkajd fohs' th ms<s.;a g ksjka wjfndaOh i|yd
h fkd.ekSu .ek jrolrefjl= fkdf hhs Tyqg isf;kq we;' f
fya;=j ksid flfkl= oe hhla f.k wy;aM,h idlaId;a lf<a hhs
weiqKq l,ays th i;H hhs ms<s.ekSug wm iQodk ke;' ikaGsfld
hkqfjka nqka foaYkd lrk ,oafoa f Ouh ;ud iska u m%;HflaId
{dkfhka oek .; yels njh' tfia jqjo fudayfhka fj,S iel lrkafkda
fuh Yajdi lsug fyda w;ayod ne,Sug fyda iQodk ke;' kuq;a wm
j;a jk ld,h ;=< w;a |sk l nqka jykafia uq,ska u jod< laL
i;Hhhs' tu Ou;djfha i;H;djh wjfndaO lr.ekSug wmu uYkh
lr ne,sh hq;= f' tfia jqj o laL wdh i;H .ek lshd fok g
ksiaiq wmyiq;djhlg m;ajk njla yj;s' thska .uHjk .eUqre woyia
f;are .ekSug ue,s fj;s' ksiqka ork fuu wdl,amh ksid nqoyf
i;H jQ wruqKq jgyd .ekSug wjYH uQ,sl oekSu Tjqka i;=j ke;s nj;a
tfukau bjiSula fkdue;s nj;a fudkjg meye,s f' l ms<sn|j nqka
b.ekajQ lreKq we;a; we;s iefha brd u meye,s lr fokakls' fuh
wdh i;Hhla jkqfha tfyhsks' l uQ,sl fn!oaO isoaOdka;hla jkafka o
tys we;s mru i;H;djh fya;=fjks'
nqrcdKka jykafia fuu laL i;Hh ksYa; jYfhka u oek
.;a tl u Ydia;Djrhd h' tfyhska la fokd meKs g th u.
yeug kslrefKa fjr fkd ork f,ig Wkajykafia wjjdo l< fial'
la fokd we;su hul m%;sM,hls' flf,ia fya;=fjka lafokd
yg.kS' tfyhska tu fya;=j re l< hq;=f' fuu flf,ia re lsu
nqka jykafia fojk wdh i;Hh jYfhka ykajd l we;sug
we;s fya;=j wjfndaO l< hq;= nj f,djg fmkajd ka fial' fya;=j
re l< l,ays tys M,h iajNdjfhka u wfydais f' nqka jykafia laL
i;Hfhka Ouh ykajd u wdrN lrkqfha Bg we;s idlaIs fmkajd
ug h' tg tu fya;+ka fidhd tajd ksjer lsug wmg yels f'
;=kajk wdh i;Hh k l ke;s lsuh' ish la fokd yoj;
;=<ska u imQK jYfhka re lsuh' fuh l< yelafla y;r jk wdh
209
210
i;H jk" wm mqre mqyqKq lrk ud.fha we;s fYaIs; jQ n,h fhdojks'
ud.h hkq la fokd we;s ug ;=vq ka fya;= mshjfrka mshjr kdY
lrka ish,a, imQKfhka m%ySK lrjk l%u fohka h'
nqka jod< fuu p;=rdh i;Hh foaYkd lrk ,oafoa f,dal i;ajhd
lska ou msKsi h' la lkaordjkaf.ka ms f,dalhl i;ajhd .s,ajd
;eug nqrka Ouh foaYkd fkd lf<a h' p;=rdh i;H Ouhka
m%{dfjka oek uid" l ke;slr ksjka wjfndaOh i|yd u foaYkd lrk
,o W;= Ouhka h' fuu Ouh tla jhia iSudjlg" tla cd;shlg" tla
j.hlg ia;%s mqreI fNaohlska hq;=j tfukau tla ld, mrdihlg fjka
l< foaYkdjla fkdf' tfia u kE u mrmrdjl kE u mqoa.,fhl=g
ksjka ud.fha M, fk<d .ekSug yels nj ;yjqre l< foaYkdjls'
tksid nqka jykafia Ouh wld,sl nj mejiQ fial' tod fuka u
wog;a fuu W;a;;r Oufha m%;sM, fkdwvqj fk<d .ekSug yels ne
;yjqre f'
u.a. M, iy ksjdKh hk W;= Ou;d j;udk ksidf.ka
wE;ajQjla hhs is;Su w;sYh fudavluls' fn!oaOhka jYfhka tu
W;a;;r wruqK idlaId;a lr .ekSug wm ;=< we;s yelshdj w;miq
lr we;af;a wm u h' tu jro Ndr .; hq;af;a o wm u h' Ouh
inkaO j wms odYksl i lrd uki fufyhjk kuq;a m%dfhda.sl j
th w;ayod ne,Su fndfyda g w; miq lruq' ;%smsglfha msgq lg mdv
lr O u; m%ldY lrk fmdf;a .=reka njg wo fndfyda fokd m;aj
is;s' Ou .%ka:hkays we;s Ou lreKq oej .%yKh fldg f.k kd
kd oDIaka f.dvk.d .kska" ;u keK muKska w;aoelsh yels Ouh
milg ou;s' fuu W;= wdh i;Hhka ;u ukfia u fldgila nj fkd
okakd fyhska th uYkh lsug Tjqyq fkd fm<fU;s' nqka jykafia
jod< W;a;;r jpk muKla ;udf.a fm!oa.,sl odhdoh f,i i,ld
tajdfha /f|ka m%dfhda.sl oyu jrojd .kakd fyhska f wjdikdjka;
;;aFjh we;s we;' fudjqyq nqoaO foaYkd lg mdv lr;s' ta wkqj
Oufha Ydrohka jYfhka fmkS is;s' kuq;a l .Kka Wig Tjqkf.a
yoj;a ;=< flf,ia msfrka lelEfrka mj;S' bka wxY=jlaj;a wvqula
ry;a M,h .ek iel we;a;ka yg wkqlmdfjks''''''
ke;' wm w;r fndfyda fokd ;u woyia idOdrKh lrkqfha nqka

jykafiaf.a wld,sl jQ Ouh i|yka md,s .%ka:hkays we;s lreKq f.k
yer mdka h' md,s .%ka: mYS,kh lrk YsIHfhda tu .%ka: ish,af,a u
i|yka lreKqj, tl;=j Ouh hhs ms<s.ekSug iQodk j is;s'
wkdu;a ld,hl isg nq oyu yeoErE w;suy;a ixLHdjla jQ ckhd
tfuka u tys M, fk<d .;a wkka;j;a fn!oaOhkaf.a wmQj w;aoelSj,g
tlu ms<s;=r Ou .%ka:hkays i|yka kHdhka iy iu;hka muKla ne
Tjqka iajhx ;SrKhkag nei we;' kuq;a i;H Ouh biau;= jkafka
;u yoj; yd uki ;=<ska nj Tjqyq fkdoks;s' nqka jod< Ouh wo;a
ksu, j judk j mj;sk fyhska j;udkfha tu Ouh mqre mqyqKq
lrka Oufha m%;sM, w;a k wkka;j;a fn!oaOhkaf.a yoj;a ;=<
iy is;a ;=< i;H Ouh Wmk nj Tjqyq fkd oks;s' nqka jykafia
iy nqoaOY%djl ry;=ka .ek u|la uid n,kak' md,s .%ka: t<soelaug
fndfyda l,lg fmr fuu W;a;ufhda Ouh oek bf.k wjfndaO lr
.;ay' Ou .%ka: u.ska Ouh ms<sn| m%;Ska bm;a lsug m%:u tu
W;a;ufhda W;a;;r udkisl ;;a;ajhka ys lr .;ay'
i;H Ouh ks;r u mpqmamkakh' tk - j;udk fudfydf;a
mj;sk Ouhls - hk f;areuhs' nqka jod< Ouh ld,h iy wjldYh
hk f,!lsl iuq;Skag lsisfia;a ilia l< yelalla fkdf' f fya;=
fldg f.k nqka jod< Ouh ksis m yodrk we;a;ka iska" tk
kqjKe;a;ka iska ;u ;uka flfrys ,d fufia o; hq;af;a h' nqyq
mp;a;x f;fnd [a[Qys ;s' hkqfjka foaYkd lf<a tfyhsks'
Bg jhi n, fkd mdhs' lsk Y;jIhl Tjqka j;a jkafka o hkak o
n, fkd mdhs' fuu Ouh iajdlaLdf;d hkqfjka olajd ;uka jykafia
ukd fldg lshk ,o Ouhlehs myod fok fial' tfia k fuu Ouh
.ek ielhla we;slr .kafkda nqrcdKka jykafia flfrys iel we;s
lr .kafkda fkd f o@ ;jo ikaGsfld hkqfjka fuu Ouh ;ud
iska u m%;HflaId {dkfhka oelal hq;= nj brd u foaYkd lf<a h'
wwgs u.g fkdnei ry;a M,h .ek;a ry;=ka .ek;a iel lrkafkda
Oufhka fndfyda fia wE;a ;l Tiafia muKla hkafkda h' f
211
212
Ouh we;a n,kak hhs" tysmiaisfld hkqfjka mejiQ f,dj my<

jQ tlu Ydia;Djrhd nqka jykafia h' fuu Ouh wy;ajh imhg
/f.k hk Ouhlehs" Tmkhsfld hkafkka mejiQ fial' mshjfrka
mshjr bhg hd yels nj Ouh mqyqKq jkafkda oks;s' th fmd;a lshjd
oek .; fkdyel' fuys nqka jykafiaf.a ;j;a iqfYaI wjjdohla
i|yka l< hq;= f' tk" Nd;d nyq,sl;d hkakhs' jvkak fndfyda fia
jvkak hkq tys woyihs' Ouh tk ud.h fndfyda fia jvk g M,
iy ksjk <d lr.;yel' ksi;a nj ,;a wmg tu jdikdj we;s njg
Yajdih we;slr .ks;ajd
213
is,a ud;d ldhs ry;a f;rKshf.a

W;a;u is;s,s yd wjjdo
1'
fuf,dj bmK Tn" Tn yslr.;a m%{dj flfrys Yajdihla we;s

lr .; hq;= f' Tng fokdld oeh o" i;=g f.k fok oeh o"
fih yel' jkd oeh o" lsis jkdlula fkdue;s oeh o Tng
fih yel' Tn f;dard.kakd idj wkqj fof,dj fyda wmdh fyda
f;dard .; yel' ke;fyd;a ksjkg msfik ud.h iy M, fidhd
.; yel' kEu fohla Tng fidhd .; yel' th Tn ;SrKh l<
hq;= f'
2'
wkqkg wh;a hym;a oE Tjqkf.a h' Tjqkf.a hym;a l%shdjkaf.ka

,nk hym;a M, wmg fnod yod .ekSug fkd yel' tksid wm iska
hym;a l%shd l< hq;= f'
3'
lu M, mdl .ek ielhla we;s fkd lr.kak' tfiau Tnf.a

l%shdjka fya;=fldg we;sjk M, mdl .ek wvq ;lafiarejla fkd
lrkak' ukqIHhka yehg wm" la |sk ish i;aFjhka flfrys
ohdkqlmdj oelah hq;= f' tfia l< hq;= jkafka" wm iefjdu o"
fmr l< l%shdjka fya;=fjka la |skakka jQ fyhsks' fufia n,oa
214
wm iefjdu tl iudk h' fyd| krl jYfhkq;a" hym;a whym;a

jYfhkq;a wmj fjkia lrkqfha" fmr Njhkays wm isl< l%shdjkays
iajNdjh wkqj h'
4'
k.rfha iEu ksjil u jy, fi,s lsu i|yd Tng wjYH ;r

;Kfld< j.d l< fkdyel' Tng yels muKska m;Hd.YS,S
jkak'
5'
lgue; fodvjka mqridr lshjka .u rg mqrd fkd wekak'

hulska" Tn fodia iys; ne fmkqKq odg" ksfil= tkq gq uehd
j;=rg mek iefjkakd fia" Tng o ie isug is jkq we;' Tn
f.djl= k" ;ud plaIK flfkl= hhs m%isoaO fkd lrkak'
6'
;ukaf.a jpkh yslaujd .ekSug wiu;a wh" Tjqkf.a jokaj, y

je/oao jgyd .ekSug wiu;a fj;s' i;Hh jgyd .;a wh fndfyda g
ksy~ fj;s' i;Hh .ek ks;r ks;r l:d lrk we;af;da i;Hh
.ek okafka iaj,amhls'
7'
Tnf.a ldhsl l%shdjka .ek" jpk .ek iy is;s,s .ek uis,af,ka

isug wIaGdk lrf.k Ydka; j jdih lrkak' jemqr l;d
fkdlrkak' Tn lrorj,g megf,k wjia:djka Woa.; fkd
lr.kak' Tn i;= iajhx md,kh kdY ug bv fkd fokak'
jeuy,a,kg wf.!rj fkd lrkak' Tn l:d lrk foa .ek
uis,su;a jkak' ixhufhka iskdfikak'
8'
fudk ;r im l=m. flfkl= iu. jqj o" Tf jpkh fkd

ie,ls,su;a ;;aFjhlg jeug bv fkd ;nkak' Tn fudk;r bPd
Nx.;ajhg m;a jqj o" Tf joka fl%daO iy.; fkd lr.kak'
9'
Tn iqofkl= fkd" hym;a wfhl= nj wka whg yeug m%fhda.ld

fkdjkak' lm fkd jkak' ;ud iS,jka;fhl= hhs o" kqjKe;af;l=
hhs o" wjka wkqka rjgkakd iodpdrfhka msyqKq fudavfhls'
10' fuf,dj bmKq wm" f. hk k udi iy wjqrej,g je

jkdlula ug fm,f' wms wmf.a ; iy wkqkf.a ;j,
jkdl .ek Yajdi lrkafkuq' fuu fya;=j ksid wms ks;r
foff,a la fokd .ek je ie,lSula olajkafkuq'
is,a ud;d ldhs ry;a f;rKshf.a W;a;u is;s,s yd wjjdo
11' wms bmKq od isg wiar jQ f ;hg ;ka we,S miq;eug uq,
mqrkafkuq' wms thg h fjuq' fuhg h fjuq' wmf.a is;a jy jyd
f,!lsl fm,Uys .s,"S f,daN oafY Nh u.ska fufyhjk fudaydl
m%jK;djhlg weo f.k hhs' wm bmfokqfha fuu iajNdjh Wreu
fldg f.khs' f .ek wm wo u hula fkdl<fyd;a fuu iajNdjh
bhg f.k hka uefrkq we;' fudk fudav lula o @
12' l - wm Wmk g f.kd foa muKhs wmg we;af;a' wjYH oE"
wjYH fkdjk oE" iEySulg m;au" fkd iEySulg m;a u" ys|
.ekSu" ydkais u" lEu" u<my lsu" uq;%d lsu" '''''" kuq;a flda
iekiSula @ flda wiajeis,a,la @ l tfiau mj;S' tksid wm Ndjkd
lroa" fuu iuia; la lkaordj u uish hq;= f'
13' wms lsisodl iEySulg m;a fkd fjuq' l=re .S weiSug wms m%sh lruq"
kuq;a tu .S y~ f>daIdjlg fmrK fyd;a wms fldam fjuq'
14' ksiqkaf.a yoj;a la fokdjkaf.ka ysr we;s fyhska" lsisjla
meye,s j oelsh fkd yel' wdYdjka miq mi yUd hka" tajd
wNskkaokh lrka" fudav ksiaiq oE;a .=lr" la lkaordj idorfhka
ms<s.ks;s' Tjqyq l" i;=g hhs jrojd ms<s.ks;s' {dkjka;fhda i;Hh
jQ i;=g l=ulaoehs ykd.kakd ;=re" tfiau i;Hh jQ l l=ulaoehs
ykd .kakd ;=re ;u yoj; ;=<g t n,d kslaIKh lr;s'
Tjqkf.a yoj;a myiqfjka isr jkafka ke;' Tjqka ;=< uqrKavqlu
we;sjQ g" Tjqyq uqrKavqlu ykd .ks;s' Tjqka ;=< lkiai,a, we;s
jQ g" Tjqyq lkiai,a, ykd .ks;s' Tjqka ;=< fudavlu gq g
Tjqyq th o ykd .ks;s' Tjqyq ;u fodaIhka foi n,;s' Tjqka wkqka
fodaI oYkhg ,la lsug fjfyfikafka ke;'
15' mmQK YS,h biau;= lr .; yelafla zw;ayefZ .=Kh jOkh
lsfuks' i;Hh jQ YsIag;ajh we;af;a yoj; ;=<h'
16' Tf yoj; iy uki foi fidaisfhka n,kak' ishq f,i
kslaIKh lrkak' Tn fidhkd jH f,dalh iy wmdh we;af;a
tys h' ish la fokdjkaf.ka Kq" wdrlaIs; jQ ksjk lrd hk
wdh ud.h we;af;a o t;ek h'
215
216
17' fpk yuqf fkd ie,S iskak' tfiau m%Yxid yuqf Woaoduhg
m;a fkd jkak' Tf is; Ndjkd jeu .ek muKla" brd u
fhduq fldg" whu isg wr jefgk f;la mqre mqyqKq lrkak'
YS,fha mmQK;ajh f.dv k.d .kak' i;Hh jQ jpk u muKla
l;dlrkak'
18' ;udg wjxl u Tf YS,fha w;d,uhs' Tn Tnj ykd .kak' Tn"
Tf jro ms<sf.k" tajd ksjer lr .ekSug lghq;= lrkak' lsisjla
Tfnka fkd ijkak' fYaIfhka Tn" Tng fndreldrfhl= fkd
jkak' Tng fndreldrfhl= u" Tnf.a YS,fha uq,a w;d,u kdY
lr .ekSuls' Tn i;=gq k uquy;a f,dalhg u fndre lsj yel'
kuq;a Tn Tng fndre fkd lshd .kak'
19' f.dka ;u l=Uqre ilia lr.kakd fia Tn Tf uki o ilia
lr.kak' l%u l%ufhka u ilia lr.kak' mi ilia lr .kak'
kshrj,a n|skak' c jmqrkak' fmdfydr biskak' j;=r n|skak' j,a
me< .,jd oukak' wjidkfha wk> wiajekakla fk<d .ekSug
Tng yelsjkq we;'
20' Tn Ndjkdj mqyqKq fkd lf<a k" Ndjkdj l< hq;= wkaou Tng
jgyd .; fkd yels jkq we;' Tn u i;Hh fkd oel" tys f;areu
Tng fkd jegfykq we;'
21' WoEik fndfyda YS;hs lshka o" oyj, .%SIauhs lshka o" iji
ksu;hs lshka o" WodiSk j isg" Ndjkd lsug ld,hla ke;ehs
fkd lshkak' w,i nf flf,ia kdohg ijka " m%{djka;hkaf.a
wjjdoj,g reoaO fkd jkak' ;uka f.a is;s,sj, muKla fj<S
isk nhd mqoa.,hd ;u fldgh w; m; ..d iskjd i ksjka
uf.ys lsis m%.;shla fkd ,nkq we;'
22' Ndjkdj oe lemulska hq;=j mqre mqyqKq lsug wIaGdk lr
.kak' Tf is;;a lh;a Ouh fiu i|yd lem lrkak' ksjka u.
wdf,dalj;a lr .ekSug Tf yoj; oe,ajqKq mkaoula lr .kak'
fkdie,S tu uf.ys hk Tng" zlZ wjfndaO lr.; yelsjkq we;'
YS,fha mmQK nj o we;s lr .ekSug fjfyfikak' Oufha
jeo.;alu my;a fldg fkd is;kak'
23' msis YS,h fkd lvd /lf.k lemfuka Ndjkd lrkak' f

i|yd Tng ;U i;hlaj;a ho fkdjkq we;' lue,slu r,kak'
isf;a ixisu yd m%{dj hqKq jQ g" flf,iaj,ska is; fokq we;'
ish we,S re lr" uy;a jQ la lkaordfjka fokak'
24' mud fkd" Tn ;=<u wdrlaIs; /ljrKhla ia:dms; lr .kak' Tn
tfia fkd l< fyd;a" Tn uefrk fudfydf;a" yoj; ;=<" iq.;s
.d ug iu;a n,hla we;s miqula f.dv fkd kef.kq we;'
lsis fNaohlska f;dr j" iEu i;a;ajfhl= u bmu fyda urKh
fyda w;aolS' iEu mqoa.,fhl= u fkdkj;ajd u la .eyeg ka
ue ue Wm' iEu jhil u ksiqka" lsk f.da;%hlg wh;a jqj;a"
lsk iudc ;,hl ish;a" fuys yefudau tl iudkh' wm fyg
Wfoa uef o" wo iji uefo" wms fkd oksuq' kuq;a ksis f,dj
meKs g urKh wm lrd tk nj k ksh; h'
25' wms kej; kej; ue ue Wmuq' bmu" crdjg hEu" urKh hk
pl%h fkd kj;ajdu l%shd;aul f' nqrcdKka jykafia f.ka
mejf;k wms" wm ;=<ska i;H jQ Ouhla fkd fidhd rdm;a
l=Kq hEug muKla j;a fuka we;s M,h l=ula o@ urKh
meKs l< msisj hy;ska uefrkak' uefrK g is;;a lh;a lsis
we,Sulska f;drj w; yer" uefrkak' ish,af,a u we;s ;;= h:dN+; j
olska" uefrkak' nqka jykafia oelajQ u. ks;r ks;r isys lrka"
uefrkak' h<s;a jrla fkd uefrk ;;ajhlg meK uefrkak'
26' ug weyqlka fokak' idudkH if;l= jdf.a lld ksod .kska
ld,h .; fkdlrkak' f,!lsl iem im;a wNskkaokh fkd
lrka" j;a ug ;ka is;g .kak' wkd.; Njhka ms<sn|j Nhla
we;slr .kak' ksrdi i;=g foi Tf yoj; jr lrkak' ;u
; m;=f,a whg .sks fuka oe oe mj;sk flf,ia f.dkak
foi kslrefKa n, n,d ld,h .; fkd lrkak'
27' wm j;a jk f,dalh .ek oekSu m%fhdackj;a h yel' kuq;a
Tn ms<sn| oekSu wka lsis oekSula iu. ieih fkd yel' wm
wmf.a msh weiska hula foia n,d" ,nd .kakd wjfndaOhg jvd
oYkd weiska n,d ,nd .kakd wjfndaOh fndfyda fia fjkia h'
217
218
wmf.a f,!lsl is;s,sj,ska jgyd fok" yrhla fkd ue;s oekSu"

jia;+kaf.a h:d ;;ajh .ek" m%{dfjka ,nk oekSu ;r .eUqrla
ke;'
28' kla udf.a luGdkdpdh" uqka uyd f;reka jykafia f.ka
flfkl= fujeks m%Yakhla weiqf h' wdrKHjdiS NslaIQka fudk
jdf.a fmd;a o lshjkafka @ tg Wkajykafiaf.a ms<s;=r jQfha" ta
we;af;da bf.k .kafka weia jid f.k" is; wj lrf.k hs' uu
whu wj jQ jyd u uf.a weiaj,g" rEm k jQ fj jreidjla
jkjd' t;fldg uu wefia iy rEmfha tla u uYkh lrkjd'
uf.a lka Yoj,ska .efgkjd' uf.a kdihg .| iqj| oefkkjd'
uf.a jg ri oefkkjd' uf.a Yrh YS;, WIaK" ;o .;sh" isks
.;sh oa" uf.a is; is;s,sj,ska yd yeSj,ska neg lkjd'
uu f yeu fohla u ksrka;r j uYkh lrkjd' tfia lrk
g udf.a iEu bkashla u ug .=rejrfhla fjkjd' tg uu uq
oji ;siafia u lsis flhla fkdue;sj Ouh bf.k .kakjd'
fudk wdh;kh .eko uu wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;af;a lshd ;SrKh
lrkafka uu hs' tfia ;SrK l< miq tys i;Hh kso olskak uu
fjfyfikjd' uf.a .=re;=ud" wdpdh uqka ug Ndjkd lrk h
b.ekajQfha fufyuhs'
29' wmf.a lh zoe wdYdjZ u;= lrjk jeo.;a wruqKls' oej .%yKh
jk laf,aYhla jk we,Su fuys m%;sM,hls' tys wjidkh zlZ
h' fuh ch .ekSug k" Tnf.a wjOdkh" rdm;a j crdjg hk"
tfuka u is|s |S hk zksia lhZ fj; fhduq h hq;= f' tfia
fhduq fjoa" ksia Yrfha ixhq;sh .ek ukfia ms<sl=,la we;s
f' ksia Yrh ilia j we;s whqre ms<sn|j w;sYhska wm%shla we;s
f' lh .ek ms<sl=, jOkh fj;a u" isf;ys ieye,a nj iy
m%Ndiajrh ;Sj% j biau;= f' ksia lh" fudfyd;ska fudfyd;
fjkia jk" whla m<," w yhla ." f,a uiaj,ska msreKq uia
f.dvls' fujka Yrhlg wm olajk we,au ksid we;sjk la f.dv
oelSu" Ouh foig wmf.a is;a fhduq lrjk uQ,sl m%{djhs' lh
foi h:d ;;ajfhka olsk we;af;da Ouh jy jyd wjfndaO lr
.ks;s'
30' Ndjkdf fh isoa wreu mqu wiajdNdl foa is f' tajd tfia
isug bv ykak' tajdg fkd wef,kak' we;af;ka u tu is"
ndysr lreKq ksid we;s jk" w;a yeh hq;= foaj,a h' tajd milg
oud bhg u hkak' tajd w,a,d f.k fkd iskak' ish [a[dK
;,hka Wmkafka isf;ka h' jHf,dalh iy wmdfhys wdrNh
is;h' fm%a;fhda" fofhda" mD:.ack ksiaiq" NslaIqKSka '''''' ish
i;a;ajhkaf.a wdrNh is; h' tksid ;u is; .ek u muKla is;
fhduq lr isu jvd;a iqiq h' t;ek uq Yajh u Tng yuqfjkq
we;'
31' w;sYhska msis fkd fi,afjk c,h we;s fmdl=Kl m;=f,ys we;s
oE b;d meye,s j oel.; yel' .eUqre f,i ;ekam;a jQ yoj;
fkd ie,S ksYap, j mj;S' yoj; ksYap, jQ l< m%{dj myiqfjka
fuda .,d ths' m%{dj .,d toa" msis wjfndaOh ta iu. biau;=
f' f,dalfha wks;H;djh" la; iajNdjh" iy widrj;a nj" ,s
ierhla fia m%{d weiska ia " uy;a jQ la lkaordjlg we,S .e,S
isu .ek lkiai,a,g m;a" ;ekam;a hlg is; ilia f' tfia
is; isis,a jQ wjia:df yojf;a oefjka ;snQ .sks oe,a flfuka ks"
iajNdjfhka u lska ug is; ilia f' isf;a fuu mj;kh
isjkq fha" zwdrNl is;Z iajNdjfhka u w;smsis ksle,e,a is;la
fyhsks' isf;ys wdrNl idudkH ;;a;ajh" msis njhs' th ls,s
jkafka ndysr wruqKq n,y;aldrfhka we;= lr.kakd fyhsks' tfia
ms<s.kakd wruqKq" fodki fidki wd yeSj,g bv " isf;ys
iajlSh ms;=re nj imQKfhka u wre lr.kakd f;la" is;s,s
îxiaLdr& cks; lrjhs'
32' ish,a, ujkafka wmf.a is;h' weia rEm olS' lka Yo wihs' kdih
.| iqj| wd>%dKh lrhs' j ri |shs' Yrh myi |shs' yoj;
yeS w;aolS' kuq;a is; f yeu fohla .ek u n,ka oekqj;a
is' is; f ish,a, olS' tajd .ek kd kd whqka is;hs' wmf.a
isysh iy m%{dj ;Sj% jQ g" f iEu ueula u wmg n,d .; yel'
kuq;a fndfyda g laf,aYfhda wmj Tjqkf.a iajNdl" Yla;su;a jQ;a
f.j;a jQ;a m%jdyh iu. f.k h;s' wmg l=ula oehs jegfykakg;a
m%:u wms fldamhg m;a yudr h' wms f,daN iy.; " uq,d
219
220
udkdl yudr h' tfia jkafka wmj flf,iaj,ska /jgQ fyhsks'

tksid fuu flf,iaj, n,mEu .ek b;du;a uis,su;a ish
yels msySu .ek l,amkdld jkak' myiqfjka Tnj uq,d lsug
flf,iaj,g bv fkd fokak' flf,iaj, l%shdld;ajh fu,a,
lsug wm olaI jqjfyd;a" tys wY=Njd Yla;sh" Y=Njd wdOHd;al
n,hlg mj;kh l< yel' WfoHda.su;a j bjis,sjka; j Wkka
jkak'
33' Tf m%.;sfha f.h" Tn w;S;fha f.dkq lr.;a iS, mdr l=i,hka
u; iy j;udkfha Tn jd iy ilauka bhys flfrk Ndjkd
i|yd fhdojk hh u; r|d mj;skq we;' tu ksid ks;r u iS,h
rlska lsis wl=i,a f;kdjla Tn is; ;=<g fkd joaod .ekSug
fjfyfikak' fufia Tn l%u l%ufhka mqyqKq fjoa Tnf.a jgyd
.ekSf Yla;sh flka l hqKq is; msis f' Tn" Tf h:dN+;
{dkh yoj; ;=<ska mqnqk nj olsoa la |ska meKs > udj;l
wjidkh Tng flka l ia fjkq we;'
34' W;am;a;sfhka Tn Wreu lr.;a i;sh iy m%{dj hqKq lr.ekSu
fkd i,ld WodiSk j isfuka" tfuka u" Tnf.a ;h yd inkaO
i;H;djhka .ek Wkkajla fkd ue;sj l,a .; lsfuka" Tn .uka
lrk ksjka uf.ys ndOl flka l jOkh " imQKfhka u"
jeiS fkd fmkS hdug bv we;' tu ud.fhys wjidkh iodld,slj
u Tng wfrka jid ;nkq we;'
35' ksjka hkak kE hhs lshka ksiqka fn,a, lrljka ksula ke;s
wkka; jQ wdldYh foi n,ka bkakjd' tfia fudk;r uykais
n,d ish o" ksjk fidhd .ekSug wmyiq ne Tjqyq fkd ols;s'
f,!lsl h:d:jdoh ;=< ksjk lsisfia;a fkd mj;S'
36' miq.sh wjqre .Kkdj ;=< ud jvdf.k wd Ndjkd mqyqKqj myiqfjka
l< yelalla fkdf' th fndfyda Ialr h' fuu .uk hoa" udf.a
Yr Yla;sh" wIaGdkh oek uek .ekSug uu fndfyda Ialr;d
bjid isfh' k .Kkdjla uu wdydr fkdue;s j ksrdydr j
isfh' fndfyda rd;%Ska uu je;s" ksod.ekSu m%;slafIam flf<'
Ialr;d bjiSu udf.a yoj;g wdydrhla h' uf.a ysig flhla
jQfha W;aidyh k jQ fldghhs' Tno w;ayod n,kak' Tf

wIaGdkh Tn u Nd. lr n,kak' Tf isf;ys we;s woaN+; n,h
Tng jyd fidhd.; yelsjkq we;'
37' jpkfha miudma;fhka u is,a ud;djla jkak' .| yuk f,!lsl
;hkays mg,e" Tng kshu jQ ldh wfydais fkd lr .kak'
tfiau Tn w; yer wd ksji iy mjq, foi we we;slr .kska
wdmiq ye fkd n,kak' ks;ru l;d lrk" wkqka f.ka Wo mo
b,a,k w,i is,a ud;djla fkd jkak' pd fmfj;lska iEySulg
m;ajkak' urKhg Nh fkd jkak' wiNH foaj,a .ek lsis kl
l;d fkdlrkak' h:d:h muKla l;d lrkak' udf.a is,a ud;djka
YsIagimkak j yeish hq;= f' Tn i;H jYfhka u udf.a wkq.dl
is,a ud;djka ug wfmalaId lrkafka k" udf.a Wmfoiaj,g
weyqlka fokak' Tf yeisu .ek uu fpdaokd lroa" ud wdoYhg
.kska" Tn bf.k .kafka hhs ieu gu is;kak'
38' Tn udf.a YsIHdjka ug meKsfha k" W;= jQ wdoYj;a ksiqka
ug h .kak' Ialr;d ch .ekSf wd;au Yla;sfhka hq;=
ffOhj;a j Ndjkd mqyqKqfjys fhfok" ieu fudfyd;l u Tf
we;=<; i;Hh oek .ekSug fjfyfik" m%ikak is,a ud;djla
jkak'
39' uf.ka bf.k .kakd wh" bhg ;nk mshjrla mshjrla mdid"
nqrcdKka jykafia .;a u. .ek uy;a jQ Yajdihla ;eh hq;=hs'
w;S;fha wys jQ im;a .ek liai fkd jkak' wkd.;fha
jdis n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkd jkak' tjka is;s,s Tnj uq,d lrhs'
w,i lug is; keUqrejk iEu fudfyd;l u Bg tfrysj igka
lrkak' f,fyisfhka fldghg hg;a fjkak tmd' Tf is; foi
uis,af,ka n,kak' tfia n,d yoj; ;=< we;s i;Hh fidhkak'
40' m%Yakhla wikakg m%:u" Tn u ms<s;=rla fiug fjfyfikak' Tn
y ye uYkh l< fyd;a fndfydag ms<s;=rla fidhd .ekSug
Tng yels jkq we;'
41' nqoyu mqyqKq fjoa" Tn hd hq;= u. Tn u fidhd.; hq;= h' l
wnjd hk ud.h fidhd oek mgka .; hq;af;a Tnu h' ksjer
221
222
j th fidhk l%uh k" Tf is; ;=<g t ne,Suhs' ud.h je

we;af;a wmf.a yoj;a iy is;a we;=<; h' tksid wjidkh lrd hk
;=re oe wIaGdkfhka lghq;= lrkak'
42' ksiaiq ;ka w,a,df.k la |s;s' Tjqyq tajd w; fkd y;s' l=re
n,dfmdfrd;a;= isf;ys r|jd fl%daOfhka w;a fkdy;s' Tjqka hk
hk ;ek l Tjqka miqmi yqn|S' tksid Tn" Tnj kslaIKh
fldg zw;a yeuZ bf.k .kak'
43' Ndjkd mqyqKqf jkdlu .ek iel fkdlrkak' Tf yelshdjka
wj;lafiarejg ,la fkd lrkak' Tn ^Ndjkdfjka& h m%.;shla
,enqf o" thska iEySulg m;a jkak' tu m%.;sfhka ms<sUq jkafka
Tn loehs hkak ms<sn| i;H ;;aFjfha fldgils' tu ksid ta
.ek Tng Yajdihla ;eh yel' Tn we;a; jYfhka u ljqreka
oehs Tn u uid n,kak' Wmkafka lreka o@ wikSm jkafka"
uy jkafka" uefrkafka lreka o@ Tf Yrh Tf uki" Tf
;h '''''''''' f oE Tng wh;a foa fkd f' f,dalfha we;s la
fodkiaj,ska Tnf.a i;H iajNdjh fkd flf,id .kak'
44' uu Wmdisldjla f,i iiqka .; jQ od isg udf.a yojf;ys wm
jH msis lsu fkd lvjd lrf.k .sfh' uf.a uQ,sl iajNdjh
ks;r foff,a msis lrka Tm oeh hq;=h" hkak .ek uu isys
l,amkdfjka isfh'
45' nqoaO Ou ix> hk fnda jDlaIhkays isis,a fijK ,nka irK
hd yelafla wdh m%{djka;fhl=g muKs'
223
iudma;sh
wdpdh bka;jdhs ika;=iaifld ys ;dhs,ka; jk fikiqka fcHaIaG
iajdka jykafia kuls' is,a ud;d ldhsf.a woa;Sh ; mqrdjD;a;h .ek
fYaI Wkkajla oelajQfha h' ndka yqwdhs idhs .udkhg kqre .ul
bmso wjqre 11 idufKar ys kula jYfhka iiqka .; jQ Wkajykafia
is,a ud;d ldhs <ud ld,fha isg ykk flfkls' fuu fofokd
wdOHd;al jYfhka im ine|shdjla ixidrh ;=< ;snQ ne m%isoaO h'
fuu ludkql+, {d;s;ajh is,a ud;d ldhs fkdfhla wjia:dj, ikd:
lr we;'
wdodyk mQfcda;aijh ksu l klska wdpdh bka;jdhs
ika;=iaifld ys ldhs ry;a f;rKshf.a ohdj wkqlmdj wiS;
ffu;%sh lreKdj iy m%{dj ms<sUq lrk isysjgk iaudrlhla b lsug
woyia lf<a h' ldhs ry;a f;rKshg f.!rj oelau i|yd wef.a Od;+ka
ksOka fldg tu iaudrlh b lsug iqiq ia:dkhla Wkajykafia i,l=Kq
lr .;af;a h' th yeu ;rd;srul whjkayg jkaokdudk lsug myiq
;ekla h'
224
wjqre .Kkdjla ie,iq lr wjidkfha nexfldla k.rfha h

bxfkare uy;=ka lSmfmd<la iu. w 80 la Wi ia:Qmhla b lf<a h'
th ndka yqwdhs idhs is,a ud;d wdrKHhg imj b flreKs' Od;= .Nh
jgd frdai u,a iy ks,a udfk,a u,a msreKq oYkSh fmdl=Kls' iajdNdl
fi!kaoh yd noaO fjka b flreKq fuu iaudrlh b;d wdlIKSh
h' isysjgk ia:Qmh 2006 uehs ui 21 jeks k ks, jYfhka jD; lrk
,' tod isg fuu iaudrlh f,dal mQ; we;' uq;= ueKsla iajrEmh .;a
wef.a wGs Od;+ka mQcdikh u; m%oYkh lr we;' judk m%;Skag
wkqj m%;sud ;=kla ;kd we;' fojk uyf,a iqj;ska ieriqKq" bj,ska
;ekQ ys|s bhfjka hq;a m%;sudjls'
;dhs,ka; cd;sl l,dlrejka fuu ukarh w;sYhska l,d;aul lr
we;' wdpdh uyd fndajd f;reka jykafia fuu Od;+ka Od;= .Nfha
;ekam;a lsf W;aijhg iyNd.s h'
f mQckSh wjia:df wms is,a ud;d ldhs ry;a f;rKshg f.!rj
lsu i|yd /ia isuq' weh wdpdh uqka uyd f;reka jykafiaf.a
wdh Y%dldjls' wdpdh uqka ysf.a Od;+ka f jk g m<s= ;;ajhg
fjkia we;' ry;aNdjh ia;%s mqreINdjh u; r|d fkd mj;skakls' ia;%s
mqreI ljqreka fyda fjd" mdr Ouhka imQK fldg ish flf,ia
m%ySK lsug flfkl= iu;a fo" tu ;eke;a;d wy;a f' is,a ud;d
ldhs wmg ka wdoYh wkqj hka mdr Ouhkaf.ka wm yoj;a mqrjd
.ekSug h .; hq;=hs'
wE ,o w;sYsIag wdOHd;al hqKqjg uq yoj;ska u .re lsu nqoaO
Ou ix> hk ;%sO r;akhg jkaokd lsu yd iudk h' wm yefudag u
wef.a ksle,e,a m;%;ajh irK hd yel'
225
isysjgk
is,aud;d ry;a f;rKshf.a iaudrlh
uq;= njg m;ajQ wia Od;+ka
m<s= njg m;ajQ wia Od;+ka
ry;a f;rKshf.a m%;sudj yd

mdfNda.sl jia;+ka
226
226

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yekau

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Ou_ odkhls' fkdf,a fnodyeu msKsih

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