GSM

4/12/2014

GSM

, ,
4/12/2014

GSM

M
1G 2G

4/12/2014

GSM

1G -

4/12/2014

GSM

 1G 2G

4/12/2014

GSM



2G
, , . One user
one number

,


ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
,

4/12/2014

GSM

GSM Global System for Mobile

GSM
ETSI
(European Telecommunication Standard
Institute)
1987 MoU, 890 915 MHz uplink, 935 960 downlink
1988 ETSI
1991

1992 GSM 1800 1710 1785 uplink, 1805 1880- downlink

1996 120 GSM
1998 HSCSD (High speed circuit switched data)
1999 GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) 250
GSM

4/12/2014

GSM

4/12/2014

GSM

 , ()

4/12/2014

GSM

 ,
ETSI

4/12/2014

GSM

10

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GSM

11

2G -

4/12/2014

GSM

12

4/12/2014

GSM

13


GSM

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GSM

14

 GSM,

(handover, location update,

paging)

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GSM

15

BSS Base Station Subsystem

NSS Network Switching
Subsystem
NMS Network Management
Subsystem

Air

A
O&M
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GSM

16

 NSS
MSC (Mobile Switching
Center)
HLR, VLR, EIR

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GSM

17

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GSM

18

SIM Subscriber Identity Module

VLR Visitor Location Register

HLR Home Location Register

MSC Mobile switching center

4/12/2014

GSM

19

4/12/2014

GSM

20

 SIM

(IMSI)




, ,

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GSM

21

 HLR


( )
VLR,

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GSM

22

 VLR


( HLR)

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GSM

23

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GSM

24


MS ,
ID VLR
MS ID

MS
VLR
MS VLR,
VLR HLR

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GSM

25


MS. Location update

4/12/2014

GSM

26

 .
(call set-up) 1
1.

2.

PSTN,
GMSC (gateway)

3.

MSISDN
IMSI = MCC+MNC+MSIN

GMSC,
HLR

4.

HLR,
VLR

5.

MS

6.

MSRN

7.

GMSC
MSRN

8.

GMSC
MSC/VLR
4/12/2014

VLR address
Subscriber data

MSRN= CC+NDC+SN

MSISDN = CC+NDC+SN

GSM

27

1. MSISDN (Mobile Subscriber

International ISDN Number)

MSISDN = CC + NDC + SN

CC = Country code (371=Latvia,

358=Finland, etc.)
NDC = National Destination Code
SN = Subscriber Number
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GSM

28

2. PSTN, GMSC (gateway)

3. GMSC, HLR
IMSI

IMSI = MCC + MNC + MSIN
MCC = Mobile Country Code (always
three digits)
MNC = Mobile Network Code (always
two digits)
MSIN = Mobile Subscriber
Identification Number (up to ten digits)

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GSM

29

4. HLR, VLR
5. MS

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GSM

30

6.
MSRN
(routing),

IMSI
MSRN = CC + NDC + SN
CC = Country Code (of the
visited country)
NDC = National Destination
Code (of the serving network)
SN = Subscriber Number

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GSM

31


HLR

VLR

MSISDN: 39 347 220759

IMSI:
222 10 1234567890
VLR address: xyz
Subscriber data:
services

IMSI:
222 10 1234567890
MSRN: 358 50 456456
LAC:
262 15 0987
Data: abc

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GSM

32

 .
(call set-up) 2

(LA)

,
paging

IMSI = MCC+MNC+MSIN
LAC local area code
Data

LAI = MCC + MNC + LAC

MSRN

MCC = Mobile Country Code (of the visited

country)
MNC = Mobile Network Code (of the serving
PLMN)
LAC = Location Area Code

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GSM

33

 BSS

(BSC)
(BTS - Base Transceiver Station)
(TC)

BTS
TC

Air A

MS NSS
handover

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GSM

34


(call set-up)
paging

4/12/2014

GSM

35

Call set-up 10

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

MSISDN

GMSC
GMSC
HLR
HLR
MSC/VLR

VLR
MSC/VLR
MSRN
MSRN GMSC
GMSC
MSC/VLR
MSC/VLR



LA

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GSM

36

Call set-up 10
,

1.
2.
3.

4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

9.
10.
11.

MS
BSS

MSC

VLR


MS





MS
B

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GSM

37

 MS
Location update (3 ):

, ,
( IMSI Attach):

1.

SIM LAI (Location Area Identity) (LAI = MCC + MNC +

LAC)
SIM , TMSI
(Temporary MSI)

2.
3.

()
, , LAI

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GSM

38

 ,
Location
Update !

4/12/2014

GSM

39

 MS

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GSM

40

 MS
,


LA

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GSM

41

Handover

MS

,
handover:
1.

2.

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GSM

42

 handover
1. Intra cell Intra BSC -
( BSC)
2. Inter cell Intra BSC
(
BSC)
3. Inter cell Inter BSC

BSC ( MSC)
4. Inter MSC
MSC/VLR
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GSM

43

Handover
Intra cell Intra BSC

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GSM

44

Handover
Inter cell Intra BSC

4/12/2014

GSM

45

Handover

Inter cell Inter BSC

4/12/2014

GSM

46

Handover

Inter MSC

4/12/2014

GSM

47

Handover Inter MSC

BSS
,
HON

MSC,

HON=CC+NDC+SN
4/12/2014

GSM

48



GSM

4/12/2014

GSM

49

(charging
records)

MSC

4/12/2014

GSM

50

4/12/2014

GSM

51

(, , SMS ..)



MS
, PSTN
,


(roaming)

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GSM

52

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GSM

53


CR charging records

4/12/2014

GSM

54


CR
CR
.

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GSM

55

IMSI SIM HLR

Ki ( 16 ) SIM HLR
AC NSS
VLR

4/12/2014

GSM

56

A3 Ki (one way)
A8
A5

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GSM

57

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GSM

58

4/12/2014

GSM

59

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GSM

60


MS
International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) -
ME,

ME
/ IMEI
NSS EIR - Equipment Identity Registrer

4/12/2014

GSM

61




PIN Personal Identification Number
SIM
Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI 32
)

IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity

4/12/2014

GSM

62