GSM

4/12/2014

GSM


Radio link

2 Mbit/s PCM links

BSS Base Station Subsystem

NSS Network Switching
Subsystem
NMS Network Management
Subsystem

Air

A
O&M
4/12/2014

GSM

 NSS
MSC (mobile switching center)
HLR, VLR, EIR

MS
MS


O&M
handover

4/12/2014

GSM

 BSS

(BSC)
(BTS - Base Transceiver Station)
(TC)

BTS
TC

Air A

MS NSS
handover

4/12/2014

GSM

 NMS
(Network Management Subsystem)
:

4/12/2014

GSM

 GSM

4/12/2014

GSM

 Air

FDD
Frequency
Divided
Duplex

200kHz
124
GSM-900
374
GSM-1800
4/12/2014

GSM

 Air
(Carrier Frequency Range)

GSM 1800

GSM
Uplink: 890 - 915 MHz
Downlink:
935 - 960 MHz
Carrier Pairs (in MHz)
890.0
935.0
890.1
935.1
890.3
935.3
124 Carriers
....
....
914.9
959.9
915.0
960.0
Duplex Frequency = 45 MHz

4/12/2014

Uplink: 1710 - 1785 MHz

Downlink:
1805 - 1880 MHz
Carrier Pairs (in MHz)
1710.0 1805.0
1710.1 1805.1
1710.3 1805.3
374 Carriers
....
....
1784.9 1879.9
1785.0 1880.0
Duplex Frequency = 95 MHz

GSM

 Air

B2 <

100 kHz

f p1

B
125

f p2

f p3

fp123 fp124

100 kHz

B=25 MHz
1?
:

4/12/2014

890.1 890.3

GSM

 Air

BTS
( ) FDMA

MS
BTS
,

() TDMA
4/12/2014

GSM

10

 Air

FDMA Frequency
Devision Multiple
Access
TDMA Time
Devision Multiple
Access
TSL

4/12/2014

GSM

11

 Air
GSM

GMSK
Gaussian
Minimum
Shift
Keying

3.69 s
4/12/2014

GSM

12

 Air
( )

TDMA frame
Timeslot

Dedicated

() -
Common
-

4/12/2014

GSM

13

 Air
TDMA

TDMA

,

4/12/2014

GSM

14

 Air
,
MS

MS

1.

2.


3.

SCH
(
)

TDMA
4/12/2014

GSM

15

 Air
,

MS
1.

2.

3.

TDMA
,
,
-

4/12/2014

GSM

16

 Air
,
MS

Paging
1.
BTS
paging LA
2.

MS

3.

TDMA .


measurement
reports BSC
4/12/2014

GSM

17

 Air

uplink downlink, , (bi directional)

4/12/2014

GSM

18

 Air
12

4/12/2014

GSM

19

 Air

MS MSC/VLR
, -

MS ( , )
4/12/2014

GSM

20

 Air

(downlink)
FCCH Frequency Correction Channel
SCH Synchronization Channel BTS
BCCH Broadcast Control Channel ( ), Frequency hopping
sequence, Channel mapping

PCH Paging Channel - downlink
RACH Random Access Channel uplink MS
AGCH Access Grant Channel - BTS SDCCH

(uplink downlink)
SDCCH Stand Alone Dedicated Control Channel (call set-up, authentication,
location update, assignment of traffic channels, transmission of short messages)
SACCH Slow Associated Control Channel
T MS)
FACCH Fast Associated Control Channel handover

(uplink downlink)
TCH/F Traffic Channel full rate (13Kbit/s)
TCH/H Traffic Channel half rate (5.6Kbit/s)
TCH/EFR enhanced full rate (13Kbit/s)
4/12/2014

GSM

21

 Air
(mapping) ,

4/12/2014

GSM

22

 Air
( burst )

1 3.69
1 576,9
(
156.25 )

577 ms 8 =
4.615 ms

156.25 / 0.577 ms =
270.8 kb/s

4/12/2014

GSM

23

 Air

4/12/2014

GSM

24

 Air

(access burst)
Random AccessChannel (RACH)
MS "timing
advance" ,
MS BTS

4/12/2014

GSM

25

 Air

()

4/12/2014

GSM

26

 Air
,

Channel coding

Interleaving

Equalization

Frequency hopping

Antenna diversity- BTS

(12,5%)

TDMA

4/12/2014

GSM

27

 Air
,

4/12/2014

GSM

28

 Air
, Channel coding

Channel coding
(12,5%
)
(
GSM 260 20 )
456 20
57%

4/12/2014

GSM

29

 Air
(Channel coding)

4/12/2014

GSM

30

 Air
, Interleaving

Interleaving
(burst) ,

1
456 8
57
(burst) ( )

(Ciphering) A5
4/12/2014

GSM

31

 Air
, Equalization

Equalization
, .. MS BTS
26
"Viterbi
equalization"

26/156.25 ~ 17%

4/12/2014

GSM

32

 Air

4/12/2014

GSM

33

 Air

(Digitizing and Source Coding)

13 : 213
4/12/2014

GSM

34

 Air

(Digitizing and Source Coding)
Residually
Excited Linear Predictive (RELP) ()
260 bit 20 ms (13 kBit/s)
(voice activity detection):
(
),

6,5
kBit/s (half rate coding)

4/12/2014

GSM

35

 Air
, Frequency hopping

( burst )
,
.
4

4/12/2014

GSM

36

 Air
, Antenna receiver
diversity

4/12/2014

GSM

37

 Air
, adaptive power control

MS

Slow
Associated Control
Channel (SACCH)

4/12/2014

GSM

38

 T MS
GSM
Power
Class
Number

GSM 900

Power level
number

GSM 1800

Maximum Power
power
level
output
number

GSM 1900

Maximum
power
output

Power
level
number

Maximum
power
output

PL0

30 dBm /
1W

PL0

30 dBm /
1W

PL2

39dBm /
8W

PL3

24 dBm/ 250
PL3
mW

24 dBm /
250 mW

PL3

37dBm /
5W

PL29

36 dBm /
4W

33 dBm /
2W

PL4

33dBm /
2W

PL5

29 dBm /
800 mW

4/12/2014

GSM

PL30

39

 Tx MS
Power level
number

Power output
level dBm

Power level
number

Power output level

dBm

39

29

36

37

30

34

35

31

32

33

30

31

28

29

26

27

24

25

22

10

23

20

11

21

18

16

12

19
8

14

13

17

12

14

15

10

10

15

13

11

16

11

12

17

13

18

14

19

15

GSM power level table for GSM 900

4/12/2014

GSM power level table for GSM 1800

GSM

40

 Air
, adaptive frame
alignment

4/12/2014

GSM

41

 (transmission)

BTS,

BTS
TRX

4/12/2014

GSM

42

 (transmission)

BTS BSC, , 2 Mbit/s

4/12/2014

GSM

43

 (transmission)

BTS BSC, .
?

4/12/2014

GSM

44

 (transmission)

BTS BSC, c
90 GSM
PCM E1

4/12/2014

GSM

45

 GSM

(,
)

4/12/2014

GSM

46


BTS

4/12/2014

GSM

47

4/12/2014

GSM

48

4/12/2014

GSM

49

W
N
n
B N f
W- , ;
B- ;
Nf- ;
n-
;
4/12/2014

GSM

50

 ,
B

B(N, )
Nu ,
= /

4/12/2014

GSM

51

4/12/2014

GSM

52

:
P
,
Nu ,
= /

4/12/2014

GSM

53

4/12/2014

GSM

54

4/12/2014

GSM

55


, ,
B
X = (
) (

) / 3600
:
540 100 / 3600 = 15
5% 15
20
20 / 7 , - 3

4/12/2014

GSM

56

4/12/2014

GSM

57

4/12/2014

GSM

58


,
9

4/12/2014

GSM

59