w ºÔ^s:

""ƒÁ√¬z x[\V]ˆ Œ[Æ

c^·>V?''

w √]_:
ÔuÆ›º>ÏÕ> ∏´ƒ∫˛BVÏÔ”D, EÈ kBm x]ÏÕ>kÏ
Ô”D ̶ ÷Á·B >ÁÈxÁ≈l™ˆ¶D, A]B ∞u√V‚|
WÚ√∫Ô^ BV°D ""∂[A¬ ÔΩ>∫Ôπ[ ÿ>Vz©√VzD,
∂[A¬ ÔΩ>∫Ôπ_ ƒ‚¶∫Ô^ ®m°D ÷Ú©√]_ÁÈ''
®[Æ cÆ]BVF¬ ̧ ∂kÏÔÁ·› >k≈VÔ ka¶›m˛[≈
™Ï. A]B ∞u√V| xøkmD ∂[A sBV∏›m¬ Ô‚¶©
√‚ΩÚ©∏–D, z§©∏‚¶ ""ƒ‚¶›]uz'' c‚√‚|
¶©√kÏÔ”¬z \‚|º\ ∂m gÊÏkV>∫ÔÁ·¬ ÌÆ˛≈m
(˛º´¬ÔD: kanon; ÔÈV. 6:16).
EÈÏ, ""∂[A¬ ÔΩ>∫Ôπ_ ƒ‚¶∫Ô^ ÷Ú©√]_ÁÈ''
®[Æ ÌÆ˛[≈™Ï. g™V_ A]B ∞u√V‚Ω[ ∂[A¬
ÔΩ>∫Ô^ BV°D ""˛§¸ms–Á¶B ∏´\V›][''
∂Ω©√Á¶lºÈºB ∂Á\Õm^·™ (ÔÈV. 6:2).
EÈÏ, ""ÂVD ∂[A ÿÔV^ºkVD, g™V_ c√º>ƒD
ºkı¶VD'' ®[Æ ÌÆ˛[≈™Ï. ÷Ú©∏–D, ∞k©√‚¶
\M>Ï ŒÚkÏ, ŒÚ ÷·D ∏´ƒ∫˛BVÚ¬z ""c√º>E¬˛≈
]_'' ""¤V¬˛´Á>BVlÚ'' \uÆD ""c√º>ƒ›Á>¬ z§›m''
""®flƒˆ¬ÁÔBVlÚ'' ""÷©√Ωfl ÿƒFkVBV™V_ c[Á™•D
c[ c√º>ƒ›Á>¬ ºÔ‚√kÏÔÁ·•D ÷´‚E›m¬
ÿÔV^kVF'' ®[Æ ®ø]™VÏ (1 yº\V. 4:13, 16).
\V]ˆ ®[≈ ÔÚ›Á> EÈÏ ∞·™D ÿƒF˛[≈™Ï.
÷Ú©∏–D, Á>B_ Á>¬zD ÿ√ı\Ë, A]B cÁ¶
Œ[Á≈› >BVˆ©√]_, \V]ˆ Œ[Æ >™¬z c>sBVF
÷Ú©√Á>¬ ÔVı˛≈VÏ. √^πl_ √Ω¬zD ŒÚ Á√B[
®ø›m¬ÔÁ· ®ø>¬ ÔuƬ ÿÔV^”Dº√Vm, gEˆBÏ
∂k–¬z¬ ÿÔV|›> \V]ˆÁB© √VÏ›m ®øm˛≈V[.
÷ºB∑ ""∂kÚÁ¶B ∂Ωfl∑k|ÔÁ·'' ÿ>V¶ÏÕm kÚD√Ω

33
˛§¸>kÏÔ”¬z ""\V]ˆÁB©'' ∏[ Ák›m© º√V™VÏ
(1 º√m. 2:21).

√ÁwB ∞u√V‚Ω_ º>k™V_

>´©√‚¶ \V]ˆÔ^
ÂT™© ∏´ƒ∫˛BVÏÔ^ Ôı¶™D ÿƒF•D ""\V]ˆ
÷Á≈lB_'' ®[√Á>, √ÁwBÂÁ¶© ∏´ƒ∫˛BVÏÔ^ ∂_È
\V≈VÔ º>kº™ ÿ>V¶∫˛ Ák›>VÏ. gº√o[ ÔVÈ›]
ºÈºB º>k[ g´V>Á™l[ \V]ˆÁB¬ ÿÔV|›]ÚÕ>VÏ.
s∑kVƒ›]™VºÈ gº√_ >™m √oÁBfl ÿƒK›]™√Ωl
™VKD (®∏. 11:4), s∑kVƒD ºÔ^sl™V_ kÚk>VKD
(º´V\Ï 10:17), º>k[ >Vk´ kÁÔ© √oÁBB_È, tÚÔ
√oÁBºB z§©∏‚¶VÏ ®[√m ÿ>πkV˛≈m (g]. 4:4).
÷ÀkV≈VÔ tÚÔD \uÆD ÷´›>›Á>¬ ÔVˬÁÔ >ÚD
\V]ˆ g´D∏›>m: ÷D\V]ˆ, ºÂVkV, g∏´ÔVD, ~ƒV¬z
\uÆD BV¬ºÔVA g˛ºBV´V_ ÿ>V¶´©√‚¶m (g]. 8:20;
12:7, 8; 26:23ä25; 31:54). ÷¸´ºkȺ´V| ∞u√‚¶ º\Vºƒ
l[ c¶[√Ω¬ÁÔl_ ÷´›>© √o ∂Ω©√Á¶BV™>VF
÷ÚÕ>m (ºÈs. 16:1ä34). ÷Õ> ∂Á\©∏[ cflƒ WÁÈBV™m,
÷ºB∑°¬z ŒÚ ""ƒZ´D'' ""gB›>D √ı©√‚¶'' º√Vm
kÕm ºƒÏÕ>m, ∞ÿ™M_ ""∂kÚÁ¶B ÿƒVÕ> ÷´›>›]
™VºÈ'' ∂kÏ ""cÈÔ›][ √Vk∫ÔÁ·fl ∑\Õm yϬ˛≈ º>k
g‚|¬z‚ΩBV™VÏ'' (ºBVkV. 1:29; ®∏. 9:12; 10:5).
ºÂVkV º√ÁwÁB¬ Ô‚|k>uz› º>k[ z§©√V™
Ô‚¶Á·ÔÁ·¬ ÿÔV|›>VÏ: \´›][ kÁÔ, ∂·°Ô^,
>·∫Ôπ[ ®ıˬÁÔ, ¤[™_, ÷[–D ∏≈ s≠B∫Ô^
BVkuÁ≈•D ÿÔV|›>VÏ. ºÂVkV \V]ˆÁB© ∏[√u§B
>V_ √V´V‚¶©√‚¶VÏ (g]. 6:14ä16, 22). º\Vºƒ,
c¶[√Ω¬ÁÔ¬ ̶V´›Á> Ô‚|ÁÔl_ \ÁÈl_
º>k™V_ ÿÔV|¬Ô©√‚¶ (®∏ÿ´B ÿ\Val_ tabhnith
˛º´¬Ô ÿ\Val_ tupos) ""\V]ˆ'' ÷_ÈV\_ ∂©√ËÁBfl
ÿƒFBs_ÁÈ (BV›. 25:9, 40; 26:30; ®∏. 8:5).
∂º> º√V_, ÔÏ›>Ï, gÈB›][ \V]ˆÁB ""gsl
™V_'' >VTm¬z¬ Ô‚¶Á·l‚¶VÏ (1 ÂV·V. 28:12).
>VTm, ""÷Õ> \V]ˆl[√Ω ƒÔÈ ºkÁÈÔ”D ®™¬z›
ÿ>ˆB©√|›> ÷ÁkÿB_ÈVD ÔÏ›>ÚÁ¶B Ô´›]™V_

34
®™¬z ®ø]¬ ÿÔV|¬Ô©√‚¶m'' ®[≈VÏ (1 ÂV·V. 28:19).
gÈB›Á>¬ Ô‚|k>uz >VTm ∂–\]¬Ô©√¶
s_ÁÈ, g™V_ ∂kÏ, ""®[™VºÈ ÷B[≈ \‚|D''
∂>uÿÔ[Æ ""ƒk>ˆ›º>['' ®[Æ Ì§™VÏ (1 ÂV·V. 29:2).
>\m \Ô[ ƒVȺ\VM¶D \V]ˆÁB Œ©√Á¶¬zx[,
∂kÏ >´©√‚¶ ∂·s[√ΩºB ""√Ë yÏÕm ÿÔVı|
k´©√‚¶'' ÔuÔÁ·fl ºƒÏ›]ÚÕ>VÏ (1 ÂV·V. 28:11; 1 ÷´V.
6:7). \V]ˆÁB© ∏[√uÆk]_ ƒVȺ\VM[ ¤V¬˛´Á>
®Àk·kVlÚÕ>ÿ>[≈V_, ""∂m Ô‚¶©√|˛≈º√Vm,
∑›]Ô^, kVflEÔ^ x>ÈV™ ®Õ> ÷Ú©A g•>∫Ôπ[
ƒ›>xD ∂]ºÈ ºÔ‚Ô©√¶s_ÁÈ'' (1 ÷´V. 6:7).

A]B ∞u√V‚Ω_ º>k™V_

>´©√‚¶ \V]ˆ
>\m ¤™∫Ô^ ∏[√u§ ¶©√>uÿÔ[Æ º>k[ ŒÚ
\V]ˆÁB ®©ÿ√VømD >Õm^·VÏ. ƒVȺ\VM[
º>kVÈB›]uz ∂kÏ (º>k[) Ô‚Ω¶¬ ÔÁÈQ´VlÚÕ>m
º√VȺk, ""ƒVȺ\VMKD ÿ√ˆBkÏ'' (\›. 12:42) ŒÚk´V_
Ô‚¶©√‚¶ ºkÿ≈VÚ º>kVÈB›]uzD º>kº™
Ô‚Ω¶¬ ÔÁÈQ´VlÚ¬˛≈VÏ. ÷ºB∑, >VD ÿ√VÚ^Ô·V_
g™ ∂Á\©Á√ºBV ∂_Èm ƒÁ√ ÌΩkÚD Ô‚Ω¶›
Á>ºBV Ô‚¶©º√Vk]_ÁÈ ®[Æ ∂§s›>VÏ (""ÿ√Vm
g´V>Á™¬ÿÔ[Æ Ô‚¶©√‚¶ \VπÁÔ''), g™V_
\¬Ô·V_ g™ ŒÚ Ô‚Ω¶›Á>, ""... ¿∫Ô^ ... º>k–Á¶B
\VπÁÔ•\VlÚ¬˛SÏÔ^'' (1 ÿÔVˆ. 3:9) ®[Æ ®ø>©√‚
|^·Á>¬ Ô‚¶© º√Vk>VÔ ∂§s›>VÏ. ÷>[ sÁ·
kVÔ, ÷ºB∑s[ º>kVÈBD, ""sÁȺB≈©√‚¶ ÔuÔ·V
˛B'' ƒÈÁk¬Ô_ ∂_Èm ""ºÔmÚ \´∫Ô^'' (1 ÷´V. 5:17; 6:10)
g˛BÁkÔ·V_ Ô‚¶©√¶V\_, ""˝k–^· ÔuÔ^''
(1 º√m. 2:5) ÿÔVı| Ô‚¶©√‚¶m. ""Ø´ ƒuz›][
Ô‚¶V˛B'' ""∂[A'' >V[ ∂kÏÔÁ· ÷Á¬zD
ÔÈÁkBVÔ c^·m (ÿÔVºÈV. 3:14).
®[™ ŒÚ ""Ô‚Ω¶D''! ®_ÈV ˛§¸>kÏÔ”D Œ[≈V
lÁÕm, ""º>k[, "ÂV[ ∂kÏÔ”¬z^º· kVƒD √ıË,
∂kÏÔ”¬z^º· cÈV°ºk[' ®[Æ ÿƒV[™√Ωl™V_
ÂV∫Ô^ ˝k–^· º>k–Á¶B gÈB\VlÚ¬˛º≈VD''

35
(2 ÿÔVˆ. 6:16; ®º√. 2:20ä22n¬ ÔV°D) ®[Æ ÿƒV_Ȭ
ÌΩB EÈV¬˛B›Á>© ÿ√uÆ^º·VD. √°_, ˛§¸>kÏ
Ô”¬z, ""º>k–Á¶B gÈBD √ˆ∑›>\VlÚ¬˛≈m;
¿∫Ôº· ∂Õ> gÈBD'' ®[Æ ®ø]™VÏ (1 ÿÔVˆ. 3:17).
gflƒˆB©√¶›>¬Ô kÁÔl_ ˛§¸>kÏÔ^ ∂Á™kÚD
Œ[≈VÔ ÷ÁÕm \‚|D ÔÏ›>ÚÁ¶B gÈB\VlÚ©
√]_ÁÈ, ŒÀÿkVÚkÚD >M›>MºB ̶ ∂©√Ω›>V[
÷Ú¬˛º≈VD: ŒÀÿkVÚ ˛§¸>kÚÁ¶B ƒZ´xD,
""√ˆ∑›> gsl–Á¶B gÈB\VlÚ¬˛≈m'' (1 ÿÔVˆ. 6:19).
÷Õ> sB¬Ô›>z Ô‚Ω¶›]uz \V]ˆ Œ[Æ^·>V?
gº√o[ √o, ºÂVkVs[ º√Áw, º\Vºƒl[ c¶[√Ω¬
ÁÔ¬ ̶V´D \uÆD ƒVȺ\VM[ º>kVÈBD g˛Bku
§uz© √´ºÈVÔ›]oÚÕm z§©AÁ´Ô^ kÕ>m º√VȺk,
""ƒÁ√'' ®[Æ kw∫Ô©√|˛[≈ º>k–Á¶B gs¬zˆB
÷Õ> gÈB›]uzD kÕ>m. ÷Õ>¬ z§©AÁ´Ô^ √´ºÈVÔ›
]oÚÕm, ˛§¸ms[ ∂©º√V¸>ÈÏÔ”¬z ∂–©√©
√‚¶m. ˛§¸>k›][ ""ÿ>V¶¬ÔD'' √u§ x[–Á´¬ÁÔ
l_ (˛.∏. 30, ∂©. 2:1ä47; 11:15), ƒÁ√¬ÔV™ ∏>Vs[
\V]ˆÁB ÷ºB∑ √[MÚkÚ¬zD ∂§s›>VÏ: ""غÈV
Ô›]ºÈ ¿∫Ô^d ®ÁkÔÁ·¬ Ô‚|TÏÔº·V ∂ÁkÔ^
√´ºÈVÔ›]KD Ô‚¶©√‚ΩÚ¬zD (˛º´¬ÔD: estai
dedemena); غÈVÔ›]ºÈ ¿∫Ô^ ®ÁkÔÁ·¬ Ô‚¶sµ©
¨ÏÔº·V, ∂ÁkÔ^ √´ºÈVÔ›]KD Ô‚¶sµ¬Ô©
√‚ΩÚ¬zD'' (˛º´¬ÔD: estai lelumena) (\›. 18:18).
∂©º√V¸>ÈÏÔ^ ®Á>•D ÌÆk>uz ∂_Èm ®øm
k>uz x[™>VÔºk ∂kÏÔ^ Ì≈©º√V˛≈ ∂_Èm ®ø>©
º√V˛≈ÁkÔ^, ∂©º√V¸>ÈÏÔ”¬z ®ÚƒºÈt_, ÿ√Õÿ>
ÿÔV¸º> ÂVπ_ ∂–©√©√¶sÚÕ> √ˆ∑›> gsBV™
kˆ¶›]_ ∏>Vs™V_ Ì≈©√‚¶™ (ºBVkV. 14:26; ∂©.
1:8; 2:1ä4). gsBV™kÏ ""∑B\VF'' Œ[ÆD º√∑k]_ÁÈ;
g™V_ ∏>VkV™kÏ >Dt¶›]_ Ì≈¬ ºÔ‚¶ÁkÔÁ·,
""ƒÔÈ ƒ›]B›]uz^”D'' ∂©º√V¸>ÈÏÔÁ· ka ¶›m
k>uÔVÔ ∂kÏ ""∂§s©√VÏ'' (ºBVkV. 16:13).
""\Æ ÿ¤[\ ÔVÈD'' xøkmD ""√[Mÿ´ı| E∫ÔV
ƒ™∫Ôπ[º\_'' ∂\ÏÕ]Ú¬zD ""#>ÏÔ·VÔ'' ∂©º√V¸
>ÈÏÔ^ ÷Ú¬Ô ºkıΩlÚÕ>m (\›. 19:28). ∂kÏÔ^
""cÈÔ›][ xΩ° √ˆBÕ>D'' ""kV™›]oÚÕm'' ""∂]ÔV´D

36
ÿ√u≈kÏÔ·VF'' ÷Ú¬Ô ºkıΩ•^·m (\›. 18:18;
28:20; 2 ÿÔVˆ. 5:20; 1 ÿ>ƒ. 2:6n¬ ÔV°D). ˛.∏. 30,
ÿ√Õÿ>ÿÔV¸º> ÂV^x>_, ˛§¸ms[ ÷´ı¶VD
kÚÁÔ kÁ´lKD ""ƒ›]B gsÁB•D, kfiƒÔ›][
gsÁB•D'' (1 ºBVkV. 4:6) kÁ´BÆ›m© √VÏ©√>uzˆB
Œº´ ka, ""∂©º√V¸>Ȉ[ c√º>ƒ›]uz›'' ]ÚDAkm
\‚|º\BVzD (∂©. 2:42). A]B ∞u√V‚Ω[ ÷Ú√›]
ºBø A›>Ô∫Ô^ \‚|º\ ÷Õ>© Øtl_ ÷[Æ
∂©º√V¸>ÈÏÔπ[ c√º>ƒ∫Ô^ ˛Á¶¬zt¶\VzD.
∏>VkV™kˆ[ E›>D \uÆD QV™›]™V_, A]B ∞u√V|
WÁ≈kV™>VF, \Vu≈©√¶ xΩBV>>VF, ÷Æ]BV™>VF
c^·m (2 yº\V. 3:17; 2 º√m. 1:3; ÔÈV. 1:8, 9; R>V 3).

º>k[ >Õ> \V]ˆÔ^ \Ƭԩ√|>_

x>_ ±u≈Vı| ƒÁ√ÁB \ÆÔ‚|\V™D ÿƒFk
>uz© A]B ∞u√V‚Á¶© ∏[√u≈ ºkı|D ®[≈
ÔÚ›Á>fl EÈÏ ÷Ôø˛[≈™Ï. ∂kÏÔ^, ""®Õ> ƒÁ√ÁB
¿∫Ô^ \ÆÔ‚|\V™D ÿƒFB sÚDA˛SÏÔ^? ∑sºƒ≠
∂§s©∏_ Ák´V¬˛BD zÁ≈°√‚¶ ®ÚƒºÈD ƒÁ√
ÁBBV? ∂_Èm ÿkπ©√Á¶BV™ ºkE›>™xD, ƒÁ√
g´V>Á™l_ ÔÏ›>ÚÁ¶B √Õ]l[ ºÂ´›]_ \m√V™
\B¬ÔxD WÁ≈Õ]ÚÕ> ÿÔVˆÕm ƒÁ√ÁB \ÆÔ‚|\V™D
ÿƒFB© º√V˛SÏÔ·V?'' ®[Æ ºÔ‚˛[≈™Ï.
x>_ ±u≈Vı| ƒÁ√l_ º>k[ ®ÁkÔÁ· ∂∫ˇ
Ôˆ›>VÏ \uÆD ®ÁkÔÁ· ∂kÏ ∂∫ˇÔˆ¬Ôs_ÁÈ
®[√Á>© A]B ∞u√V| ÿ>πkV¬z˛≈m. ∂m, Â_È
\uÆD ÿÔ‚¶ ®|›m¬ÔV‚|ÔÁ· Â\¬z ÌÆ˛≈m, \uÆD
ÿ√Vm\¬Ô^ ""Â[Á\ yÁ\l[™ÿ>[Æ √z›>§B''
(®∏. 5:14)¬ ÌΩB kÁÔlºÈºB ∂m ®ø>©√‚|^·m.
\¬Ô^ BVkÚD \V]ˆÁB© ∏[√uÆ˛≈kÏÔ·VlÚ¬Ô
ºkı|D ®[Æ g]x>ºÈ º>k[ ]‚¶t‚ΩÚÕ>VKD,
ÔVXM_ ÿ>V¶∫˛ (g]. 4:5ä7) g] x>ÈVÔºk, \V]ˆÁB
\Æ©√kÏÔ”D º>V[§•^·™Ï. \M>–Á¶B º\‚Ω
Á\BV™m, \Æ√Ω•D \Æ√Ω•D ∂kÁ™ √´ºÈVÔ›][
¶›m>_ÔÁ· \Æ>o¬Ô°D, "">[ √VÏÁk¬zfl ƒˆ
º√V™√Ω'' (WBV. 21:25) ÿƒFB°D ∂kÁ™ ka ¶›]fl

37
ÿƒ[≈m. ®º´tBV, ""\–≠–Á¶B ka ∂k™VºÈ
g˛≈>_È'' ®[Æ ∏´ƒ∫˛›>VÏ. ∂>Vkm >[ ÂÁ¶ÔÁ·
¶›m˛≈m ∂aB¬ÌΩBk™V_ xΩBV>m (®º´tBV 10:23)
®[≈VÏ. ""\M>º™ ®_ÈVku§uzD ∂·T¶VlÚ¬˛≈V[''1
®[Æ ∂k–Á¶B x´‚|¬zD kV]|˛[≈m.
""c∫ÔÁ·ºB A›]\V[Ôÿ·[Æ ®ıV]Ú∫Ô^''
(º´V\Ï 12:16) ®[≈ ∂©º√V¸>È ®flƒˆ©√V™m
ÿ√VmkVÔ c>VE™©√|›>©√|˛≈m. \M>–Á¶B ∑B
QV™\V™m, \VM¶sBÈV·ÏÔÁ·, ""g›]Ô›]uÔV™
ÔVÈD Ô¶Õm s‚¶m''2; ""®Õ> ÿ>FkxD ÂDÁ\ ÷´‚E¬
ÔVm; ÂDÁ\ ÂVº\ ÷´‚E›m¬ ÿÔV^· ºkı|D'' 3
®[ÿ≈_ÈVD ®ømD√Ω ka ¶›m˛[≈m.
º>k[ ÷Ú¬˛[≈VÏ ®[Æ ÂDAD EÈÏ Ì¶ ˛§¸mÁk
\Æ>o¬˛[≈™Ï. ""÷ºB∑s[ JÈD \‚|º\ ÷´‚E©A
ƒV›]BD'' ®[≈ ÌuÁ≈ ""∑B¿]•^·m'' ®[Æ ∂kÏÔ^
cÆ]BVF ÌÆ˛[≈™Ï.
\u≈ EÈÏ, º>k[ ÷Ú¬˛[≈VÏ ®[ÆD, ÷´‚E©A
˛§¸ms[ JÈD \‚|º\ cı| ®[ÆD ̧¬ ÿÔVı¶
º√V]KD, ∑sºƒ≠›]uz¬ ˇµ©√Ω•D \V]ˆÁB› m≈Õm
s|˛[≈™Ï (2 ÿ>ƒ. 1:7ä9).4 W‘√\u≈ ÌuÁ≈ cÆ]BVÔ©
√uÆD ŒÚ ∑sºƒ≠© ∏´ƒ∫˛BVÏ, ""xø¬z>_ ÿ√≈V>
ºÂÏÁ\BV™kÏÔ^ W›]B›]uzD ÷´‚E¬Ô©√|kVÏÔ^
®[Æ ÂDA˛[º≈['' ®[Æ ®ø]lÚ¬˛≈VÏ.
ºkÆ EÈÏ, ®_ÈV \V]ˆÔÁ·•D \Æ›m, ŒÚkÚD
÷wÕm º√VÔ©√¶ \V‚¶VÏÔ^ ®[≈ ÔÚ›Á>©√u§
•^·™Ï. ∂kÏÔ^ º>k[ tÔ Â_Èkÿ´[ÆD, ∂[A^·
kÿ´[ÆD, ŒÚkÁ´•D ∂kÏ Â´Ô›]uz ∂–©√\V‚¶V
ÿ´[ÆD ŒÚ ÔÚ›Á> >∫Ô^ g›m\Vs_ WÁÈBVÔ
Ák›m^·™Ï.
""∂©√ΩBV™V_, \–≠º™, º>kº™V| ®]Ï›m›
>Ϭ˛¬˛≈ ¿ BVÏ?'' (º´V\Ï 9:20∂).

xΩ°Á´
÷[Á≈B ÂV‚Ôπ_, º>k[ Â\¬z ŒÚ \V]ˆÁB
∂π›m^·VÏ. ŒÚ gEˆBˆ[ ka¶›m>_ÔÁ·©
ÿ√VÚ‚√|›>V\_, ÿ√VÚ·u≈ s>›]_ ˛Æ¬˛¬

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ÿÔVıΩÚ¬zD ∏^Á·ÁB© º√V_ ÂVD ÷Ú¬Ô
ºkı¶VD. \V≈VÔ, º>k[ sÚDA˛[≈√ΩBV™
\V]ˆÁB© ∏[√uÆ˛≈kÏÔ·VF ÂVD ÷Ú¬Ô¬ Ô¶ºkVD.
ŒÚkÚD ÿÔ‚|© º√VÔV\_ ®_ÈVÚD \™Õ]ÚD√
ºkı|ÿ\[√º> ∂kÏ sÚ©√\V•^·m (2 º√m. 3:9).

z§©AÔ^
1
˛.x. nÕ>VD ±u≈VıΩ_ kVµÕ> ˛º´¬Ô >›mk QVM Aº´V‚¶
ºÔV´¸ ®[√k´V_ ÷ÀkVÆ Ì≈©√‚¶m. 2""\VM¶sB_ ÿÔV^ÁÔ s·¬ÔD
I'', A]B \VM¶sBÈV·Ï (º\/…[ 1933); \Æ√]©A ä √V_ ÔÏ‚¸, edd.,
\VM¶sB_ ÿÔV^ÁÔ s·¬ÔD I \uÆD II (√‡√_ºÈV, N.Y.: Aº´Vt›R¸
±_Ô^, 1973), 8. 3""\VM¶sB_ ÿÔV^ÁÔ s·¬ÔD II'', \VM¶sBÈV·Ï
(ÿƒ©¶D√Ï/∂¬º¶V√Ï 1973); √V_ÔÏ‚L[ \Æ√]©A, edd., \VM¶sB_
ÿÔV^ÁÔ s·¬ÔD I \uÆD II (√‡√_ºÈV, N.Y. : Aº´Vt›R¸ ±_Ô^, 1973),
16. 4º´V\Ï 6:17_ c^· ""c√º>ƒ ƒ‚¶D'' ®[≈ s·¬Ô›m¶[ 6:3, 4n©
√Ω¬Ô°D.

39