كتاب رائع فى شرح الكهرباء (توليد, نقل, توزيع, حماية ,دوائر) PDF

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WOU bu
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Ub WLM Ou
u_ WO WJA vK UL_ Ou
u_ w UM* UO dz w bI
bI q UF
WU bu
WFd bu
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v_ bu
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UM* UO dz
u_ w
u_ w UM* UO dz v_ bu

u_ w UM* UO bOu
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WU bu W X S UIU pF d UL uD U bu s uD U UO bOu r

rOI uBI rOI WOU s WU
uN W wDF UNU qJA w UL iF UNCF l uD
W UbI W UH d s q iF UNCF s nK UNMJ Wu* qJ WUFH
dR qJA w j
* tO d 5* u_ w bu vL
U uJ W bu* c
bN bu UNM q qJA UHK* s UuL W vK w
OUMG* U* fH bu* c w
BHM
qBHM bu UNQ U U9
U
U
1
2'
V1
3'
X
Z Y
1'
V
W
X
u_ w bu qJA
V3
V2
uD WU bu qJA
UHK W vK u_ w UO bu u

bu YO w
OUMF* U* fHM lC WNUA
WOO d WdOQ uN WOzUdN WF u UNO
U nK vLEF WLOI fH d fH UN
UF*U uN' c vDF ? Uu
U
V
W
UHK* s UuL qJA
v1 = Vmax sin( t)
v2 = Vmax sin( t-120!)
(1.1)
v3 = Vmax sin( t-240!)

Vmax = V
qJA 5 W UHK* w U
w uNK WUFH WLOI V vLEF WLOI w Vmax YO
c UNM t q 5 uD d uJ W UN0 uN' c qO9 sJ1 uN' c Uu
WOU UF*U vDF w qJA w `{u u UL W tOK
V1 = V 0
V2 = V -120
(1-2)
V3 = V -240 = V 120
UUF U
We uJ d W vK u% u_ WO bu* d s cG* UL_
W UNd
u_ w UE uN Uu qJA
u_ w UEM uN' UN qJA
Ub WLM Ou
wU b
Ub WKOu WLM WKOu UL iF UNCF bu* UHK d qOu UId UM
u_ WO UL_ jd pc 5KOu UK qLF
e WU w (Y) WLM WKOu
W dA* W&UM WDIM vL

iF UNCF l bu* UHK UUN j r WKOu s uM c w
d Ub U WDIM c iQ r U qJA N edU UN ed UF* bU; dDU
bN UO( W uD) s j 5 bN' wL
uD) vL
u0 ULU qu UNU
(Line Voltage)
VL j) bN dFO 5D 5 bN' U (Phase Voltage) Vph uD

(PhaseCurrent) Iph uD UO bu* UHK b w U* UO vL
(LineCurrent)j) UO A dD s U) j) w U* IA uD) b w U* UO dF UL
qJA w WMO UO uN' c IL
bu* w WLM WKOu qJA
wK UL ULNMO WF Ò{u sJLO bNK W

MU U j)UO U
uDUO UM sJ1
IL = Iph
WLM WKOu w uD bN j) bN 5 WF UI

wK UL UNU
sJ1 uD) uN u_ uN 5 WF U qJA v UM
S pc
VL j) bN U0
VL = VLL = VL1N - VL2N

VL = VL1N + (- VL2N)
-VL2N
WLOIK W
UF* WLOI bN' (-VL2N) bN'
VL
UC U& t0 tM dF wMe dOF w (VL2N)

5 qJA
30
(VL2N)
bNK qL* tLK
VL1N
u c* UU&
VL2N
VL
j) bN U
qJA
qJA s `C
(VL)2 = (VL1N)2 + (VL2N)2 - 2 (VL1N) (VL2N) cos 120
UL VO uU oOD - t YO

(VL)2 = (Vph)2 + (Vph)2 - 2 (Vph) (Vph) cos 120
(VL)2 = (Vph)2 + (Vph)2 - 3 (Vph)2 (- 0.5) = 3 (Vph)2
S wUU
VL =
3 Vph
(1-3)
WKOu w
VL
VL3N
VL
VL
j) bN' WUFH WLOI
uD bN' WUFH WLOI d
U
WLM
YO uD) uN WOI U
sJ1 WIdD fHM
30
VL1N
uD) u_ uN' UN* qJA 5

W s nK j) uN s W k
VL2N
uL s oI sJ1 uD uN s

uL* W
MU U( pc dHB U
j) uN
VL
w uD) u_ uN' UN* qJA
WLM WKOu
uD uN
WLM WKOu w UO

u_ UO U
uD) UO U UH d UL
IL = Iph
(1-4)
c V l UO UM WLM WKOu w
qJA s `C UL IN UO( UO u U
(U
WOD) UOK wU& lL' qU U
c
IL3 IL2 IL1
dH U
IN UO uJ e WU w
c w U
YO qJA s `C UL
IL3 YU UO l IL2 IL1 sUO WKB WU(
iUM WO dH pc U
wU& lL' "U
WLM WKOu w UO qJA
IL3 U& WKB; U& UU&

wU& lL'U IL2 IL1 sUO WKB U s tUM sJ1 IN UO S e b WU w U
qJA w UL IL3 YU UO l UOU& dO_ lL& r s

IL3
IL3
IN
IL1
IN = 0
IL1
IL2
b WU w WLM WKOu w UO UN qJ
IL2
e WU w WLM WKOu w UO UN qJ
e WU w Ub WKOu

WKOu s uM c w S WLM WKOu s fJF vK Ub WKOuqJA `{u
j) bN l uD bN U
t UL bU d t bu

VL = Vph
(1-5)
udO uU ULFU qJA b

uD) UO u_ UO 5 WF U
tS
IL = Iph1 - Iph2
WUFH WLOI UM sJ1 WLM WKOu w j) bN U

( UH u uD) fH UU
uD UO WUFH WLOI d
IL =
3 Iph
(1-6)
3 U
IL j) UO
UA
Ub WKOu W
MU WF X
W k pc UM Ub WKOu w uD) u_ UO UN qJA 5

s oI sJ1 ULNMO We w dH u U uD UO s W s nK j) UO s
e WU w uD UO uL* U( pc dHB U
j) UO uL
IL
Iph3
IL
30
Iph1
Iph2
IL
U WKOu w uD) u_ UO UN qJA
bu* w U WKOu qJA
u WO WJA vK UL Ou
YU b
UUF uJ V e oOI Ub WLM WO vK qLK WKL* W dUMF qOu sJ1

U
t_ e WU w UbF uJ UO( w U* UO S WLM WKOu w WU
W dH
? Uu U nK WUFH WLOI w WU
UO c uD) UO uL
IN = IL1 + IL2 + IL3 = 0
(1-7)
vK u% U v W c R UEM vK dOU UO( j) W sJ1 pc

v UbM WU( vI pc We X
O UL rEF uJ lu w t WF s U {u W
We* UL_ WU w UO j b uJ sJ1 WLM WKOu wMF c WLzU UO( qu*
jI qu Ub WKOu ULMO WUF WJA w UL_U We dOG UL_ WU w uu U d;U
qJA qJA w `{u We* dO We* UL_ 5 dH UO( j) b
e b WU w nK ULMO W tM UFU2 U
e* qL( eOL YO
20
n
20
20
20
20
20
Ub WLM wKOu w (Balanced loads) We UL qJA
20
60
20
60
40
40
Ub WLM wKOu w (Unbalanced loads) We dO UL qJA
wK UL w t_ w qL u_ w bB 5 WHK * Ou s WuL UMN o UL UL
qJ WL$WL$ WKOu
IL
Vph
Iph
Iph
IN
VL
Vph
IN
Vph
n
Vph
WL$ WL$ WKOu qJ
bBLK uD bN pc qLK j) bN U

bBLK j) bN qJA s `C
ULMO UU
qL(
VL =
3 Vph
WU
UNK uD UO pc qL( bBLK uD) UO U
IL = Iph
WUF bI lu w WKOu c b

UU IN = 0 U e* qL( WU w
qJAUWL$ WKOu
IL
Vph
Iph
Iph
Iph
VL
Iph
Vph
Vph
U WL$ WKOu qJA
qJA s `C
Iph = IL , Vph =
VL
3
Vph = VL , Iph =
bBLK
IL
3
qLK
qJA WL$ U WKOu
WL$ U WKOu qJA
qJA s `C
Vph = VL , Iph =
IL
3
Iph = IL , Vph =
bBLK
VL
3
qLK
qJA UU WKOu
U U WKOu qJA
qJA s `C
IL
Vph = VL , Iph =
Vph = VL , Iph =
bBLK
IL
3
qLK
U
qJA w?? `{u u?? UL WL$ WKOu u??u?? u?? w qL bu cG
uD) UO j) bN' WUFH WLOI V

qJA
q(
j) bN' WUFH WLOI
VL =
3V=
3 x 127 = 220V
u_ UO
Z=
Ian =
Ibn =
Icn =
(R2 + X2) =
Van
Z
Vbn
Z
Vcn
Z
=
=
=
Ean
Z
Ebn
Z
Ecn
Z
(32 + 42) = 5
=
=
=
Vph
Z
Vph
Z
Vph
Z
127
5
127
5
127
5
= 25.4 A
= 25.4 A
= 25.4 A
uD UO U
j) UO S WL$ WKOu U0
IAa = Ian = Iph = IL = 25.4 A
IBb = Ibn = Iph = IL = 25.4 A
ICc = Icn = Iph = IL = 25.4 A
IN = 0 A UO( UO S e qL( U0 UO( w UO
U
qJA w 5 u UL WL$ WKOu bu0 U WKOu u_ w qL q
j) UO WUFH WLOI pc qL( s u q UO V

qJA
q(
qL( WFU2
Z=
(R2 + X2) =
(62 + 82) = 10
qLK uD bN U
u j) bN' WUFH WLOI
VL =
3V=
3 x 220 = 380V
u_ UO
Iab =
Ibc =
Ica =
IL =
Vab
Z
Vbc
Z
Vca
Z
=
=
=
3I=
VAB
Z
VBC
Z
VCA
Z
=
=
=
VL
Z
VL
Z
VL
Z
=
=
=
380
10
380
10
380
10
= 38 A
= 38 A
= 38 A
3 x 38 = 65.8 A
u_ w UM* UO dz w bI
ld b
bI WdU WUF dO WUF v bI r

I uD U UM* UO dz w U( u UL
U( u q UNJKN
w WUFH bI uL w u_ w qL( UNJKN
w WOKJ WUFH
WdUE bI WUF dOG bIK W
MU pc
PT = P1 + P2 + P3
(1-8)
(P = P1 = P2 = P3) u q b U W w WOKJ bI c S Ue qL( U
PT = 3 P
(1-9)
UO j) UOL Wb e WU w Ub WLM wKOu w bI c U

wK ULO
ULF d UN_ j) bN j)
uD UOL s
WUF*U b u UNJKN
w WUFH bI vDF
P = Vph Iph cos
(1-10)
w qLK WOKJ WUFH bI Vph uD bN Iph uD UO 5 We w YO

PT = 3 Vph Iph cos
U Vph = VL Iph = IL /
PT =
Ub
(1-11)
Iph = IL Vph = VL /
3 VL IL cos
3 WLM 5KOu UK w
(1-12)
U
qLK WOKJ WUFH dOG bI S WIdD fHM
QT =
3 VL IL sin
(1-13)
wN WOKJ WdUE bI U

ST =
3 VL IL
(1-14)
uI YK
WU w uI YK0 UNKO9 sJ1 WdUE bI WUF dOG bI WUFH bI UOLJ
sJ1 YO qJA w UL wuF qL( WU w qJA w UL w w qL(
WO WFU WdUE bI U
S=
(P2 + QC2)
S =
P
S
QC
uF qL( uI jD qJA
(P2 + QL2)
(1-15)
QL
P
w qL( uI jD qJA
uI YK* WUFH dO W d* U WuF

WO( dUMF s q vK WOzUdNJ dzb u% UbM
rNM qJ WUF dOG bI 5 dHU b
U
qJA w `{u* qL( UNJKN
w WdUE WUF dOG WUFH bI V
nK R = 6 UbI WUI vK u qL( e UEM ULK

50Hz bB* d L=25.46 H t
qJA
X=
L=2
fL=2
Z=
(R2 + X2) =
50 x 25.46 = 8
(62 + 82) = 10
= tan-1(X/R) = tan-1(8/6) = 53.1
Wu WUF dOG bI uJ pc Wu w tu W S Uw qL( U0

I = Iph =
IL =
VL
Z
3I=
380
10
= 38 A
3 x 38 = 65.8A
PT =
3 VL IL cos =
3 x 380 x 65.8 x cos(53.1) = 26 kW
QT =
3 VL IL sin =
3 x 380 x 65.8 x sin(53.1) = 34.6 kVAR
ST =
3 VL IL =
3 x 380 x 65.8 = 43.3 kVA
WF b U UC WdUE bI U

sJ1
ST =
(PT2 + QT2) =
(262 + 34.62) = 43.3 kVA
u w UM* UO dz w bI UO

d u w qL UNJKN
w bI UO sJ1
bu dOLu WId
UO nK qu YO p `{u qJA e* qL( WU w jI WIdD c b
WDI u_ b 5 qL( l u vK bN' nK qu ULMO qL( l wu vK dOLuK

qLK WKu WOKJ bI uJ pc UF
PT = 3 P1
(1-16)
dOLu d w P1 YO
u_ w qL( bI UOI bu dOLu WId qJA
dOL W WId
u UL U WL$ WKOu u s dEM iG We* dO We* UL WIdD c b
UO eN d uL w qLK WOKJ bI S 5U( UK w qJA w `{u

W bI
PT = P1 + P2 + P3
(1-17)
U WL$ 5KOu w u_ w qL( bI UOI dOL W WId qJA
sdOLu WId
`KB w W UE w qJA w W{u* sdOLu WId U U qLF
B qL( U u
nK qu WIdD c w U e U u U WKOu WL$ WKOu
bN' UHK U c uD l wu vK wU dOLu UO nK a uD l wu vK _ dOLu UO
Vcb
Vab
j) bN fOI UNU sUNK
u_ w qL( bI UOI sdOLu WId qJA
P2
P1
sdLu wd uL P qL( d s WJKN

* bI U
qUF V
sUN' wdI jd qL( d s WJKN
* bI S U e qL( U sJ
wK UL qL( b
PT = P1+P2 U uFU w U U u 0.5
s d bI qUF U
P2 = P1 U wI U qL( U U
sUN' b S uFU wU U u 0.5 s dG bI qUF U

PT =P1+P2 U UM WU d wDFO P2
b d uJ uFU wU U u 0.5 U
bI qUF U
d dOLu dI qL( d s WJKN
* bI vDF dH sUN'
U
sdLu WId ULFU u_ w qL d s WJKN
* bI UO bM
UO nK qOu fJ bF d d XU ULMO 6kW sUN' b d XU
WJKN
* bI V
2kW
q(
WJKN
* bI U WU d vD sdLu b _ 0.5 s q qL( b qUF
wN
P = P1 - P2 = 6 - 2 = 4kW
bI qUF fU) b

F pKN
w WUFH bI 5 W
M tQ bI qUF dF
kW uKOJU UI UL_U
w WUFH bI YO dO Xu uKOJU UI WdUE bI vL

w WuKD* WOKJ bI
bU
w wN WUF dOG bI U a W d( uC d( U q wIOI( qLF eM w
bI vL
WOKJ bI kVAR WKUH dO Xu uKOJU UI w
OUMGdNJ U* u vK
kVA dO Xu uKOJU UI WUF dOG bI WUFH bI s Ze w WdUE
WOKJ bI WUFH bI cos bI qUF
cos
P
S
(1.18)
wzUdNJ UEM WOUF bI qUF wMF b

* wzUdNJ bI UE WOUF bI qUF fOI
uJ UbM wzUdNJ UEMK TO
b v dOA iH M* bI qUF ULMO dO WOUFH b
qLF U pKN
wzUdNJ UEM WDu WM* bI q wMF p S bu UU
bI qUF
q UHJ* WO( UHK* b
w bF* w WOUMB bF* S d VU' vK UFH
a u; WOdNJ U d;
U( u UL iH M b qUF UN WUMB w Wb
* WOzUdNJ s dO W
UM
iH M b qUF UN uJ w WOzUdNJ bF* u vK u% w WOUMB QAM* w
c qLA bI qUF 5
uD VKD wUU
WOUMB UL_ rEF q9 w WO( U d; u q
UOKLF dL
* UO U d w rJK b
c uI ued udO
WOzUOLO dNJ
bN' ULEM uI u
wdNJ UK
WO( d_ wdNJ uI d
WO
OUMG* WLE_ WIU) UHK*
uOM XMuKH UUA
bI qUF dOU

dO XuuKOJU UI WU* WOKJ bI w qL wzUdNJ UEM WF
WOU WUF*U vDF

bI qUF x WOKJ bI WUFH bI
wzUdNJ UEM WF U l U* wzUdNJ UEM WF U wMF wUF bI qUF YO
UEMK d UL WU{ Ò c WOzUdNJ UL qB q bM dI d bN' `B
WU( bM wzUdNJ
U2 q qLK uKD* wzUdNJ UO `B bI qUF U WU wH wzUdNJ UEM bO UH

UJU eN_ d W w UH s qKI wUU qI I2R uIH* bI s qKI
eN w{d dLF s be U2 UdO lu UC u;
p U OU wzUdNJ lu UEM bI qUF uJ V YO UdNJ Ud nOUJ
UdNJ U d dH pc bu* bI s uBI UH wzUdNJ UEM UH Ue
s qI u
vK WEU;U tUD pKN
* vK iH M* bI qUF0 oKF Wd
tOK WdG d VM bI qUF*
bI qUF qI UbM e wzUdNJ qIM j w U* UO YO wzUdNJ qIM uD
WU
U VKD U2 wzUdNJ j) w WuIM* WUFH WOzUdNJ bI U bM p WOzUdNJ
bOUH e wzUdNJ UO Ue j) nOUJ U w V
c qIM j u lDI
j) vK bN' UH U qIM j UH s qKI U2 wzUdNJ qIM j
WUFH bIK u; WF tF qI iH M* bI qUF WOzUdNJ u; vK dOU
u; WF w qOKI v R bI qUF UH tKb bN' e (kW capacity)
u; bN U v R c
WU
pc lu UC lDI WU
U s b lu UC luI vK dOU
bI qUF WU w WuIM* WOzUdNJ bI WLO fH bM WOzUdNJ luIK f `D
iH M*
WF pc WdUE bI WF qI iH M* bI qUF l WOzUdNJ bu* vK dOU
UHK* w bIH e Exciter dO* WDu UDF* bI e buLK WUFH bI
bu* UH p l qI buLK WOUM
bI qUF 5% eO2

qIM WLE bOu UD; WO
Ozd nOUJ e iH M b qUF0 WOdNJ UJA qL bM
b qUF bM WOdNJ UJA qLF cG* pKN

LK s
* sL pc wzUdNJ lu

bI qUF 5
% bzu h K WOU UIM lHd
wzUdNJ buLK WUFH bI WF U
wzUdNJ uLK WUFH bI WF U
WOzUdNJ WJAU bu q UH U
WJAU bu nOUJ qOKI
wzUdNJ qIM uD vK bN' rOEM 5
%
bI qUF 5%

N s U bOu UD s U WOzUdNJ bI s WUB eO qC vK uBK
YO wzUdNJ UEMK U FHd bI qUF uJ dC s p oOI WOU UHJ qLF b
UNKLF w
OUMGdN U* U% UN wMF U2 WO UL Wb( wzUdNJ lu WLE w UL rEF
YO WOzUdNJ lu WD; bI qUF 5
% UHJ WU{ bI qUF 5
dD j
U0
WOHO Wb wzUdNJ UEMK wKJ UO qOKI v R U2 WKUH UO buL uI UHJ qLF
w UL wzUdN bB s cG nK l u vK nJ lC WO( dzb w bI qUF 5
%
qJA
I
AC
IC
IC
V
IL
V
I
IC
IL
IL
bI qUF 5
nK l u vK nJ l{ qJA
wKJ UO u We bB* bN s dU IL u nJ* qOu q dzbU v UO

s bI IC bI UuF UO V
tS nK* l u vK nJ* l{ bM bB* s u
*
w UO uL u bB* s u
* wKJ UO uJ WU( c w UbI We bB* bN
I = IL - IC nJ* nK*
U
WU( c w WOKJ WUF dOG bI U pc IL s vK IC wMF WU
U
Q = V (IL - IC) = QL - QC
(1-19)
qKI U2 WuF
WUF*U Xu b WO( WUF* s e b$ WOKJ WUF* WLO v WUF dEMU
WOKJ bI qUF 5
% v R WuKD* WUF* w qOKI c bB* s WuKD* WOKJ WUF* s
Compensation iuF vL
WOKLF c dzbK
V UF qJA (inductive
reactive power)
WO( WUF dOG bI iuF q s tS pc

pc W nJ* WF bb%
UJQ U OU bI UHJ lMB bI qUF 5

% w Wb
* eN_ d s UHJ* dF
WHK U
5 uOMu_ `zd s 5I nK vM w WOU_ dUMF s b s uI UHJ uJ
WOJO Wd u s jK U oO s UID s b
bI qUF 5% d

bI qUF 5
5O 7IdD b b sJ1
bI qUF 5
UHJ* b bMconstant kW correction WUFH bI XO
YO qJA w `{u S WdUE bI rO dOG U cos
P
1
v
cos
s
bI qUF 5
% q qLK WdUE bI S1
QT
S2
S1
QC
WU w qLK WUFH bI P

5
q qLK dQ* WUF dOG bI QL
QL
5
bF qLK WdUE bI S2
5
bF dQ* WUF dOG bI QT
bI XO bI qUF 5

% qJA
w uM vK UNU
sJ1bI qUF 5
W WbI* WUF dOG bI U tOK
tan
= QL / P
tan
- tan
tan
= QT / P
= QL / P - QT / P = (QL - QT) / P = QC / P

QC = P (tan
- tan
(1-20)
WdUE bI qJA `{u (constant kVA correction) WdUE bI XO

pc S2 5
bF WdUE bI U_U U
S1 bI qUF 5
% q
bI qUF 5
% q qLK WUFH bI P1
5
q qLK dQ* WUFH dOG bI Q1
5
bF qLK WUF bI P2
5
bF qLK dQ* WUF dOG bI Q2
P2
1
P1
Q2
S2
wMe d b U bI qUF 5

% - U
Q1
S1
U WOU U
SM
d; vK WKb WdUE bI SM
QC
PM
bI XO bI qUF 5
% qJA
d; vK WKb WbI* WUFH dOG bI QC

d; vK WKb WUFH bI PM
UI c wJOUJO* qL( q9 WOI* bI U pc PM s q U uJ d; w dzU

)
d; b U
U
V
0.6 dQ b qUF bM 360kW
L e WOd WD; u
od s dQ 0.95 v bI qUF 5

W UHJLK WUF dOG bI
WUFH bI XO
s 0.95 v bI qUF 5
wMe d; WOL WdUE bI
WdUE bI XO od
q(
WUFH bI XO
1
= cos-1 (0.6) = 53.13
= cos-1 (0.95) = 18.19
QC = P (tan 1 - tan 2) = 360 (tan 53.13 - tan 18.19) = 362 kVar
WdUE bI XO
5
q
S = P / cos
= 360 / 0.6 = 600 kVA
5
bF
P = 600 x 0.95 = 570 kW
5
q
QL = S sin
= 600 x 0.8 = 480 kVar
5
bF
QL = S sin
= 600 x 0.3123 = 187 kVar
wMe d; vK WKb WbI* WUF dOG bI S pc

QC = 480 - 187 = 293 kVar
wMe d; vK WKb WUF bI

P = 570 - 360 = 210 kW
wMe d; vK WKb WdUE bI

S=
(2102 + 2932) = 361 kVA
bI qUF 5 b' WId

bI qUF s bI qUF 5
uKD* nJ* 4I wDF ULF WFzU dD s w
tO uu d* bI qUF v qFHU uu*
WOU UF* WU sJ1 tU cos
u tMO
% d* bI qUF dH
cos
cos
sin
U
WUF dOG bI
x WUFH bI WUF dOG bI
cos
v tMO
% - bI qUF dH
cos
cos
sin
x WUFH bI
WUF dOG bI WUF dOG bI

tan 2 tan
bI qUF
x WdUE bI WUFH bI
x WdUE bI
tan
bI qUF
x WdUE bI WUFH bI
x WdUE bI
tan
WUF dOG bI

WUF dOG bI
QC WuKD* nJ* b U pc
WUFH bI
dC qUF WUFH bI

tan
tan 1 dC qUF

d_ WLO s bI qUF 5
dC qUF b' 5
2
bI qUF 5% b b'

v bI qUF 5
dC qUF
bI qUF
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.00
tMO
% d*
0.583
0.549
0.515
0.483
0.451
0.419
0.388
0.358
0.328
0.299
0.270
0.242
0.214
0.186
0.159
0.132
0.105
0.079
0.052
0.026
-----------------------------------------
0.713
0.679
0.645
0.613
0.581
0.549
0.518
0.488
0.458
0.429
0.499
0.372
0.344
0.316
0.289
0.262
0.235
0.209
0.182
0.156
0.130
0.104
0.078
0.052
0.026
-------------------------------
0.849
0.815
0.781
0.749
0.717
0.685
0.654
0.624
0.594
0.565
0.536
0.508
0.470
0.452
0.425
0.398
0.371
0.345
0.381
0.292
0.266
0.240
0.214
0.188
0.162
0.136
0.109
0.083
0.056
0.028
---------------------
1.004
0.970
0.936
0.904
0.872
0.840
0.809
0.779
0.749
0.720
0.691
0.663
0.635
0.606
0.580
0.553
0.526
0.500
0.473
0.447
0.421
0.395
0.369
0.343
0.317
0.291
0.264
0.238
0.211
0.183
0.155
0.127
0.097
0.066
0.034
-----------
1.041
1.007
0.973
0.941
0.909
0.877
0.846
0.816
0.786
0.757
0.728
0.700
0.672
0.644
0.617
0.590
0.563
0.537
0.510
0.484
0.458
0.432
0.406
0.380
0.354
0.328
0.301
0.275
0.248
0.220
0.192
0.164
0.134
0.103
0.071
0.037
---------
1.082
1.048
1.014
0.982
0.950
0.918
0.887
0.857
0.827
0.798
0.769
0.741
0.713
0.685
0.658
0.631
0.604
0.578
0.551
0.525
0.499
0.473
0.447
0.421
0.395
0.369
0.342
0.316
0.289
0.261
0.233
0.205
0.175
0.144
0.112
0.078
---------
1.130
1.096
1.062
1.030
0.998
0.966
0.935
0.905
0.875
0.846
0.817
0.789
0.761
0.733
0.706
0.679
0.652
0.626
0.559
0.573
0.547
0.521
0.495
0.469
0.443
0.417
0.390
0.364
0.337
0.309
0.281
0.253
0.223
0.192
0.160
0.126
0.089
0.048
-----
1.190
1.156
1.122
1.090
1.058
1.026
0.990
0.965
0.935
0.906
0.877
0.849
0.821
0.793
0.766
0.739
0.712
0.686
0.659
0.633
0.607
0.581
0.555
0.529
0.503
0.477
0.450
0.424
0.397
0.369
0.341
0.313
0.283
0.252
0.220
0.186
0.149
0.108
0.060
---
1.333
1.229
1.265
1.233
1.201
1.169
1.138
1.108
0.078
1.049
1.020
0.992
0.964
0.936
0.909
0.882
0.855
0.829
0.802
0.776
0.750
0.724
0.698
0.672
0.646
0.620
0.592
0.567
0.540
0.512
0.484
0.456
0.426
0.395
0.363
0.329
0.292
0.251
0.203
0.143
0.60
0.61
0.62
0.63
0.64
0.65
0.66
0.67
0.68
0.69
0.70
0.71
0.72
0.73
0.74
0.75
0.76
0.77
0.78
0.79
0.80
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.84
0.85
0.86
0.87
0.88
0.89
0.90
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
U
WMMI* WUF dOG bI b dQ 0.8 b qUF0 400kW WUFH tb wzUdN qL
b' b U dQ 0.9 v bI qUF ld nJLK
q(
0.8
tMO
% d* bI qUF
0.9 tO uu d* bI qUF

0.266 dC qUF S b' s
dC qUF x WUFH bI nJLK WuKD* WbI* WUF dOG bI
0.266 x 400
kVar 106.4
bI qUF 5 WOKLF dD

(Single Compensation) U 5%
WUL( eN qLF YO qL( l dU VUM UHJ bM w qL l nJ qOu r
u b vK UHJ* qL( WUL vK wUF UO s
bB* s qL( qB bM qJA w UL dU qL( l u vK UHJ* qu
VM UHJ* d; nK w V
b wU bN U v R U2 wzUdN buL d; qLF
WU w S WdUE bI s vK b W
M QC nJLK WUFH dO bI WLO bb% r p
WOU WUF* s dA c oI qL
QC (in kVAR) = (0.9 / 1000) x
3 V INL
(1- 21)
dLK qL UO INL YO

S no load qL WU w ULMO 0.9 U
rated load 4I* qL( bM bI qUF `B pc
dLK WMMI* bI l nJLK WUF dOG bI 5 b' 0.95 - 0.98 5 d bI qUF
WE
mdH UUG UHJ* l u vK UUI q r jI UOIU qL UO vK uB( r
UHJ* WM
L1
L2
L3
L1
L2
L3
M
3
bI qUF* U 5
% qJA
dLK WMMI* bI nJLK WUF dOG bI 5 WF b'

dLK WOL bI
nJLK WUF dOG bI
Pn / kW
Qc / kVar
1 - 1.9
2 - 2.9
3 - 3.9
4 - 4.9
5 - 5.9
6 - 7.9
8 - 10.9
11 - 13.9
14 - 17.9
18 - 21.9
22 - 29.9
30 - 39.9
40
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
4
5
6
7.5
10
QC = 40% Pn
QC 35% Pn
(Group Compensation) WuL 5% UOU

b U b bB s UNcG r w UL_ s WuL* bI qUF 5
% r WU( c w
qUF 5
% r YO U U U W eON vK oDM c UHJ* bM
b
* UHJ* bM sL{ WO UL s U UU uJ w Wb
* U eN bI
w bN bB s UNcG r P = 4.5kW u U UA U eN_ WOKJ bI XU L
cos
= 0.8 v b qUF 5
UHJ bM b d cos
=0.43
UNb qUF u
WU( c w UNb V w UHJLK WUF dOG bI WLO w U w
WUF* b
WUF dOG bI U
cos
= 0.43
tan
= 2.1
cos
= 0.8
tan
= 0.75
QC = P (tan
- tan 2) = 4.5 (2.1 - 0.75) = 6.075 kVar
(Central Compensation) ed* 5 UU

s eON lOL' bI qUF s
% r qJA w UL e d* 5
WU w
b vK r qL qJ WUFH dOG bI bb% U qJA dOG qL( YO w
Ozd u*
UN od s b vK UNM q w rJ r UHJ* s WuL vK u UHJ* bM YO
bI bI qUF rO bd pc rJ UN uI dOG* qL( WLO V
WO WIdD rJ
WUF dOG WUFH
bI qUF* e d* 5
qJA
U
WOU UHu* pK1 uD w w d
37.3 kW 440 V 50 Hz = 89% dQ cos = 0.85
uKD*
dQ 0.95 v bI qUF ld W WUF bI V

WL$ YK WKOu Wuu UHJ* XU u qJ nJ* WF WLO w U
q(
wK UL w R
w u d; UHu iF Ò{u wGM R
q q
Pmech = 37.3 kW
VL = 440 V
WU) WOJOUJO* bI q9 37.3 kW bI
d; l uu* bBLK j) bN q1 440 V bN'
WKb bI v WU) bI W

U
w d; WOUF q1
= 89%
= Pmech/Pin d; vK
WUF* V
d; vK WKb WUFH bI U
r
Pmech
Pin =
cos
= 0.85
Q1 = Pin tan
cos
1
1
= 0.95
Q2 = Pin tan
37.3
= 41.91 kW
0.89
= 41.91 x tan 31.8 = 25.98 kVar

2
= 31.8
= 18.19
= 41.91 x tan 18.19 = 13.78 kVar
w W u UHJ* s e* WbI* WUF dOG bI

QC = Q1 - Q2 = 25.98 - 13.78 = 12.19 kVar
w u qJ WUF dOG bI uJ pc

QC,ph =
QC
12.19
= 4.063 kVar
=
3
3
qJ nJ* WF U
sJ1 u qJ WbI* WUF dOG bI WLO vK UM
wK UL WKOu u V
u
U YK
WKOu
S pc
VC = VL = 440 V j) bN w bu nJ* vK bN'
QC,ph = IC VC = VC2 / XC = VC2
C=
QC,ph
VC2
4.063 x 10+3
= 66.8 F
2 50 x 4402
U WL$ WKOu
uD bN w bu nJ* vK bN'
VC =
VL
3
400
3
= 254 V
U pc
C=
QC,ph
VC2
4.063 x 10+3
= 200.4 F
2 50 x 2542
bI fHM YK* WKOu WU w UNM d WLM WKOu w bu nJ* WF o U2 `C
UHJ qu pc YK WKOu w UNM vK WL$ WKOu WU w WOUL WHKJ uJ wUU
U YK WKOu ULz uD WO dz w bI qUF 5
%
bu WK
WOU UKDB* d
bI WUF dOG bI WUFH bI d* bNK WUFH WLOI d* bNK vLEF WLOI
bI qUF WdUE
uD WO d* UO dz w WHK * bI 5 jd w UF V uI YK r
qu uD w bN bB vK WL$ WIdD qu uD w qL v Wc bI b
220V U
bBLK uD bN 10 U
u qJ qL( WUI XU WL$ WIdD
qu uD w bN bB vK U WIdD qu uD w qL v Wc bI b
220V U
bBLK uD bN
10
U
u qJ qL( WUI XU WL$ WIdD
qu uD w bN bB vK WL$ WIdD qu uD w qL v Wc bI b

220V U
bBLK uD bN
3800W
10
U
u qJ qL( WUI XU U WIdD
U
dOLu d V
qLK Wc bI XU qLK bI qUF b
10A U
j) UO
380V U
uD w bBLK j) bN WLO
WLO 1900W U
tO Wc bI XU uD w qL w U* j) UO WLO V

0.5 U
bI qUF 190V U
bBLK j) bN
dOG bI WUFH bI pc qJA w 5* uD w qLK j) UO V

bI qUF pc qL( d s WJKN
* WUF
2200 V
3-j4
220120 V
220-120 V
3-j4
3-j4
qJA
jI dO dOLu UN ULFU d* UO dz w WUFH bI UO sJ1 U*

d XU sdOLu WId ULFU e uD w qL d s WJKN
* bI UO bM
Ò b qL( b qUF ULK WOKJ WJKN
* bI V
500W sUN' b
uD w bB l WL$ WKOu (X = 15 , R = 20) q WFU2 WUI UHK XK
V
50Hz U
d
400V U
tO j) bN WL$ WKOu uu
j) UO
WUFH bI
bI qUF ?
UHK* l u vK bB* fH v U WKOu WF
fH UN UHJ XK
dzb r dQ 0.95 tLO bb b qUF vK uBK nJ* q WF V
WU( c w UEMK WOKJ WOzUdNJ
b???????????????????u
WOUMB WOzUdNJ bbL
WOUMB WOzUdNJ bbL WOU bu

tbI
WOzUdNJ UJ s dO u sL{ Yb( s b WOUMB WOzUdNJ bbL W bM
qJA UNOK dF r V YO WOUMB U R* q WOzUdNJ UL_ WcG w
Wb *
rO U O*U UN bLF* b' UOK UNKL% bI UNUUI UNUHu W
dF UNu bb qU
Ubb9 d UL_ c WFOD UNM VUM* qUJ UO
bb% r wJ UNFu d WOUMB bbLK WOU_ buIU ULK uJ s wMHK b

s W UKD* dbI WOUMB U R* q WOzUdNJ W UD lu w
UL VUM* UEM
WOUMB WOzUdNJ UL_ b U UNO
r w WOB WIdD W
dF s b WOzUdNJ W UD
WOUMB dO
bb% vM O Uu d WOUMB bbLK WcOHM UDD* r WOHO W
dF tOK Vu
WId WOzUdNJ bF* bu sU WOUO WOdH tO Ozd WcG UB bu sU
W
uAJ* WO{_ u UN Wb * uMI UJ U UDD U R* q UNcG
WuKF WOU'
YO lMBLK w_ rOLB WKd w

UI b uJ WOUMB WOKLF w UM U s b
UdA s dU WOzUdNJ UuKF* s lUBLK WOUL WOzUdNJ UL_ dbI sJ1
WOUM dOG UL_ W
U{ sJ1 UL l u* w
UNOd q szUJ* eN_ bFLK WFUB
nOOJ W
b UL pc UNUL bI U W
dF UNO
Wb * WUF U WLE W
dF0
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lDI* WU
mm2
0.75
1
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
400
500
WOU WuL*
v_ WuL*
Cu
Al
Cu
Al
Cu
Al
A
10
10
20
25
35
50
63
80
100
125
160
200
250
315
315
400
400
500
630
630
A
---20
25
35
50
63
80
100
125
160
200
250
315
315
400
400
500
500
A
6
10
10
20
25
35
50
63
80
100
125
160
200
250
250
315
400
400
---
A
---16
20
25
35
50
63
80
100
125
160
200
200
250
315
315
---
A
-6
10
16
20
25
35
50
63
80
100
125
160
200
-------
A
---10
16
20
25
35
50
63
80
----------
PE WUu u lDI WU UO

t lDI WU Wb WUu u lDI WU dF b'
150 120 90 70 50 35 25 16 10
2.5 1.5
1 0.75 0.5 t lDI WU
70 70 50 35 25 16 16 16 10
2.5 1.5
1 0.75 0.5
l????uI
qu lDI WU
mm2 eF* WUu
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Circuit-Breaker w
WOU qzUu bS U O WOzUdNJ b ` r
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WO luI u
Miniature Circuit-Breakers(MCB's) dGB* b lu
b qB WUF qOGA d w Ub WOzUdNJ b qB qu uI UN s U w

bz qL dB b WO nK s WOzUdNJ UL_ WUL( b QD) U w U O
UD_ s p dO
dGB* b lu eO2
U F 5M w OUMG dOU d( U od s qLF
QD) U W bF Ub UNKOu U sJ1
dB QD b WU w WU Wd
b qB bM bu* wzUdNJ uI UL d vK u%
UNO
d WuN UNUL UNQHJ eOL
UD_ s nK bF b?? lu lMB

TP W DPSPN 5D SP b?? VD
qJ
dF q??J?A? TPN FP U??D? W??F?

luI cN Uu/
U??u?? q?? ? d??G? B? * l??u??I? X???? U?? ?

UO VOC UNOK oKD WObF WJ vK lu
VOCI U u/ dF qJA DIN rail
UO
qJ
dGB lUI wKb VO

d 5 qJA
wK UL
b VD
b qB qu b WOJO WF
WU v?? U???? b p??c??
U??b??
w ON qOu WU w?? u?? q?? lUI
OFF qB WU
lUI U qB qu uI W
d( WO
qB WOKLF uI w WObF* U
b w U* UO q
UN s qu w d_ UD_
qJ
lUI l b
d bM wU s d
qJA 5DdA b bL YO b lDI b bF* wzUM jd
bz qL UO
lOL WOKL bF Wb qBHUO WLO bb lUI lMB q s b dUF wd
w OUMFdN
qd
wzUdNJ uI bUr I
dGB* luIK dI* rOI
qOFH WMOF d W bM lUI d1 c UOK WLO vB u In 4I* UO
40C U d W bM In=100A u U lUI 4I* UO U
L tMO lUI
cJ
92A v 4I* UO WLO qI 50C d W bM t lu UMU
b dOB d lUI qOFH uI c dBI UO WLO q u Im wEK qBH UO

UO WLO UF{ dA v s UO c WLO d wu v WOU [ s d
qd* _ w OUMF* qBH UO U UO tOK oKD lUI hzUB vK tLO bLF 4I*
U qBH cK u lUI q w OUMFdNJ
U s ZM U UO c d( qBH UO U UO tOK oKD Irth Ir bOKI qBH UO
q e* wbF* jdA bL9 5 v R U2 WU s q UO WKu dH qL( UO
(Ir =1.45 x In) nB d0 UdI 4I* UO s d
u U qB wUU lUI
Icu ed nKK dF tKB lUIK sJ1 UOK WLO vB u Icn Icu dBI UO WF
WOeM* luIK b O Icn ed U WOUMB luIK b

wFOD l{u w lUI tOK qLF c wzUdNJ bN' WLO w Ue dI* bN'
U U uJ V teF lUI lOD w wzUdNJ bNK WLO vK u Ui eF bN
Ue = Ui dI* bN' s d

qJA w dNE UL tOK WuJ UbN& w dGB* lUIK WOz WOMH hzUB) b'
Specification:
IS 8828: 1996, IEC 898
UHu*
Current Rating:
0.5 A to 63 A
UO dI
Number of Poles
SP, SPN, DP, TP, TPN, FP
UD b
Tripping Characteristics
B, C, D, G, K
lDI hzUB
Rated Voltage
240 / 415 V
dI* bN'
Rated Frequency
50 Hz
dI* d
Short Circuit Breaking Capacity:
10,000 A
dBI UO WF
Electrical Endurance:
10,000 Operations
wzUdNJ w{d dLF
Mechanical Endurance:
1,00,000 Operations
wJOUJO* w{d dLF
Snap fixing on 35mm DIN
Mounting:
channel
XO
Mounting Position:
Optional
XO lu
Protection Clause
IP- 20
WUL( W
Back up Protection
Housing:
Terminal:
No Backup Protection necessary

upto a fault level of 10KA
Glass fibre reinforced Polyester
bU * WUL(
nOKG
25mm2 Box type at Incoming

Block type at outgoing
d_
V UO se hzUB lDI hzUB V luI rOI sJ1

wK UL
IEC UOI
dOQ dU qBH WOKL r luI s uM c w A W

QD) WU w
w d??Q??? l??u??I? s?? u??M? c?? U?? U??D? b?? b??M? B W???
WOzUIU oKF d??_ p?? b WOM dH qBH WOKL
qJ
d lu l (discrimination)
WOUO bu* q dBI UO s WCHM Uu ZM w UB* l uM c b

WKuD b quJ WUL( U C b (Standby generators)
vK Im wEK qBH UO d
UN dOU s sJ B uM hzUB fH UN C W
WUF U( w b WUL( b
UO vK u% w b WUL( b C W s d
wE( qB UO eOL D K W
WOzUdNJ u; U
d; q UO WOU WOzb
G q d U
BCDK U s dGB* b luI WOMH UHu* r dF b'
b
lUI u
luI
WOeM*
w OUMF
d
luI
bOKI UO
Ir=In
Ir=In
w OUMF
WOUMB
wdJ
0.4<=Ir<In
wEK qBH UO
WCHM b
WOUO b
WOU b
B W
C W
D W
3In<=Im<5In
5In<=Im<10In
10In<=Im<20In
WCHM b
WOUO b
WOU b
Z B W
C W
K D W
3.2In<=Im<4.8In
7In<=Im<10In
10In<=Im<14In
1.5Ir<=Im<10IrqbFK qU dOB dOU s

I= 2 to 15 In ld lD
B A WH s luIK UOMM 5 qJA
WOzUdNJ b w U* UO WLO vK UL qUJ lDI WU pc

tu lUI WF UO r
UNM qJ VUM* lUI WF u* lDI WU `{u b' qL( u
b
(A) lUIK 4I* UO
(mm2) qu* lDI WU
15
2.5
20
30
40
10
50
16
Moulded Case Circuit Breakers (MCCB's) WuI* WO luI
WId hzUB) YO s MCB's dGB* b lu s UNO l MCCB's WuI* luI tUA
lu WLE w b 1000A v UN 4I* UO qB UOK WOU UF du v_ b qLF
bI WDu*
WuKI luI u/ qJA
WuI* luI eO2 r wK ULO

nBM w c uJ YO Tripped OFF ON w U{ W t WOU) lUI
OFF ON wF{ 5 WU *
eOOL q
UA* WKUJ uK wDF
qL( WFO VUM dI* UO dUF dOOG WOUJ
UN UO dUF b WO dH Legrand Wd w WM* u iF b'

DXP800
DXP320
DXP250
DXP160
DXP125
ed
630:800
250:320
160:250
100:160
90:125
A d( UO dUF b
4000:8000
1600:3200
875:2500
6000
1250
A w OUMF* UO dUF b
(Auxiliary functions) bF WuM ULN _ UNF g

WuU e qOu WU{ WOUJ
qJA w `{u u UL
W&UM WUD b YO Roto-active Breaking WOK oKD qBH WOKL w bb UE b

w `{u u UL
U qBH lUI vK jG{ b w bu* wzUdNJ uI s
qJA
qJA
qJA
(ELCBs) w{ d lU
_ dU* UA
f U uI w{_ UE l u 5d vK u UN s U u
tK q bI uO U w{U* w Ub UN' c U
_ v eN_ s t U d UO
dH U od s qLF c Residual current device (RCD) wdH UO UN tOK oKD UN
ELCB l qU u UL
w{ l dU qu uN t sU* UF* U( j) 5 UO
qLF w WHK WOMI bLF d u s UN t l RCD UN vK lzU QD qJA ELCB U oKD
residual current circuit breakers (RCCB) Residual current device (RCD) wdH UO UN
WO luI dNB* YO w{ dOG UO d WU w b qBH RCD UN b

_ WOzUdNJ WbB s U_ WUL u tb v Ozd V UOK dOGB rOI c bM qLF
eN WObF* q
UONK t bM tL w d U dO
d{ V sJ1 30mA tLO d UO
uD w U RCD UN dF qJA WOUF w qK s wUF w WOzUdNJ
WObF WJ vK lu Uu q X U

DIN rail UO VOC UNOK oKD
qJ
U r w w{ d UO d dOU b
U r vK wuuO dOU
UO Ud b
mA d UO
dOU t fO u dO UO

hK U sJ1 UOU U U r ' b
dL
dL
[
[
f UJ w U d t bB* s

UH V UdNJ bB s UBH VFB
ozU b
fHM oO{ b jG{

UL l b jG{ lHd VKI UC UE b
wu lC

Wu WbB uFA bN' Wu u s q
U b
f UI bM U uN l UL bN' Wu u s u
f UI bM U uN l UL bN' Wu u s u U b s d
od u UL bN' Wu u s u
RCD qL WId VOd
wKb VO
d qJA 5 qJA
_ u YO uD w U RCD UN'
5Ku l 5KB U wUK qOu 5D vK
uLK uU nK* qu UO u q d1
h vK U C ulUIK qBH qd0
WUI jU{ UH s uJ UN' WOB
qJ
UO qB qu uI w U vK pc
INUF* qu* w ld UO WLO fH IL U( qu* w U* UO WLO uJ wFOD l{u w
UO bu iF ULNCF UOGKO dx f
UF U w OUMG U bu qu q
S wUU
tF{ vK qd* vI UO u q
UO s q `B RCD v ld UO S WOUF w QD WO UOK d uB WU w U
U bu I UO w dH tO qb
qd* qOFH b uI c UO u w U O OUMF
d
UO w dH WLO uJ V c qB v qL( s UO lD wUU U qB
30mA U U I N UNK 4I* d UO s
vK jGC WU w t YO lUI WO s b
QK b wN lUI U b t MU U
UO w d V U2 UO u U R WUI* d UF* v U( j) s dOG UO d1 T jUC
`BM qOKI dI* d UO sd
UO d0 `L YO WUI* UO r U qB wUU
tO s b
UK d dN q
lUIK hH qLF
b* fH vK qLFO UD_ wUd lUI U
uJ wFOD l{u wH
I = IL1 + IL2 + IL3 +IN = 0
lUIK I N s d
UOK d b WU w
b qB r
tOK oKD d?? ?? l??u?? s?? d?? u?? U??M?
Residual Current Breaker with Overload (RCBO)
MCB vK u RCD UN s U u
WuJ* WOMH UHu* `{u qJA
eMLO W
d lM s uD U RCD UN vK
qJ
w{ d lUI WOMH UHu* dF b'

Standards
IS 12640, IEC 1008 $ BS EN 61008
fOUI
Reted current /n
25,40,63 A
dI* UO
30,100,300 mA
dI* d UO
Number of poles
2 Pole,4 Pole
UD b
Frequency
50/ 60 Hz
d
Rated Voltage Un
240/ 415 V ac
dI* bN'
Configuration
4 module
qJA
Reted tripping Current /
Rated Short Circuit With=
10,000 A
dBI UO WLO vB
Resistance against unwanted
8/20 sec 250A (VDE 0664.1)
dO lDI b{ WUI*
Tripping
0.5, sec 100 kHz 200A (EN 61008)
t ud*
Terminal Capacity
25 mm2
d UO
Operating temperature range
-25 to +55 C
stand capacity (/nc)
w d( W b
UNOK qLF
Service Life
20,000 Operations
w{d dLF
Mounting arrangement
Snap fit on 35mm Din Channel
XO WId
wzUM RCD U??N? U??F? 5??? q??J?A?

WODI wU
Surge Arrestor bNK dUF Uu* b

WO Surges bNK dUF Uu* b%
d WOzUdNJ ouB q WOU U_
WOzUdNJ UH qOGA q WOK U
eN_ nK v dUF Uu* c R b
WOdJ eN_ WU bN' UH WU (
pc uU( UHK eN WOD eN_ q
pK WUL( dUF Uu* b b r
s dUF uN' lM0 uI w WU ( eN_
UNO uu
dU Uu b dF qJA
WOzUdNJ ouB s W&U
qJ
Current transformer (C.T) UO u

VU u uHK eF pK s UO u uJ
qJA w `{u u UL
qJA dz w OUMF
wzb nK* U uLK uU nK* pK c qJA
tO U* UO UO d* qu* s U uN
qJ
wK UL WOKLF r YO U qu w U* UM* UO WLO UOI UO u b

U qJA qu* w U* UM* UO
qu* p u UM w OUMG
UO bOu v R UM* w OUMG* U*
uLK uU nK* w UM wzUdN
Y( uU V
qJ
UHK b W l VUM dOG uLK uU nK* w bu* UO WLO

UO WLO UOI dO UO UO UN l uU nK* d qOu r
L dO_ s U b WOU rO UO UO v WU( bM b WIdD c

VFB
d b dO ULF sJ1 UO u b bM sJ dU 600A tLO UO UOI UN dOu
UO s WOUF WLOI c UOI 0-5A s
qu* w 100A tLO UO d U w t wMF p U w UO u; dI* WLOI XU

W M wzb UO s q t uLK uU nK* w 5A tLO UO bu tU
b uU wzb nK* n od s t dI* WOL WLOI dOOG sJ1 t UO u eO s
WOU WUF* V bb' qu W U sJ1 t YO u; W s d* s
u; cU d uU nK* UH b dI* qu W
WOKFH qu W
u; cU d wzb nK* UH b
WN s nK U& uJ UbM U b
qJA w 5 u UL
u; cU d uLK H1
nK U& uJ UbM U b
u; cU d uLK H1 WN' WKUI* WN' s
UO W qu% WOKL dF U wK ULO
WOU W M v dI*

qJ
UHK b W
UO W
w{_ d lu WO luI q WHK* WUL( eN q U C UO u b
Switch and distribution borads lu Uu ÒUH* Uu

UL_ uD bu iH) u 5 jdK lu ÒUH* Uu s q
b
YO iF UNCF s WKBHM v WUD bB u UuK c q QAM* q WOzUdNJ
dNB* luI X YO rJ WUL( dUM WDu b c s b q
WUL rJ r
U U* dOQ rJ eN U We) q DIN Rail Wbb pJ vK dUMF s UdO
qJA w `{u u UL
WeK wU_ tu vK X aWOd* UOI dR juC
qJ
qJ
Switch boards ÒUH Uu

5u v ÒUH* Uu rI
WOU_ WN' b U UN' lOL s WuH We) uJ YO uH* uM s ÒUH Wu
WOKL WuN wUU UNKb w dUMF v uu WOKL qN U2 WuK qOGA VU
jI uB* UNO qB w WIKG* s
U_ w UuK c b WUOB
d
U du wN wUU UN' lOL s WIKG uJ YO oKG* uM s ÒUH Wu
WOHK u vK u% lUI b s U uJ WuH* s
U_ w b U
qJA WuK U luI V s sJ9 W
d eQ U UO e UL
WOU
iHM bN ÒUH Wu dF
qJ
wK U0 ÒUH* Uu eOL

4000A v UNF qB UC vK u%
VKB s u s lMB
2.2m UN UH vB
UN sJ1 W
d d WU lu vK u%
176KA v qB dB UO qL dUM vK u%
qJ
IP54 v qB UN WUL( W
qJA w dNE w bI qUF 5 Capacitor banks UHJ vK u% b

Distribution boards lu Uu
u W v lu Uu rI
Main distribution boards WO Oz lu Uu
Sub distribution boards WOd lu Uu
Final distribution boards WOzUN lu Uu
qJ
lu Uu s WHK u dF qJA
v wzUdNJ UO u WO Ozd lu Wu

Ub w WOdH lu Uu s d
Wu
lu Uu s d
Wu v UO lu uI
r UL_ v UO qu Ub w WOzUNM
b2 U
WDu U UuK 5 UB WOKL
UJd WU U WOJO VOU q
qJA pc UBOB bF WObF lu UC
WO Oz lu Wu ÒUH Wu dF
qJ
u% Wu q
k 5Od lu wu
k WuK UL lOL WUL( w Oz lU vK
dI* rOI S qH v vK s UMb ULK
t
dGB luIK
wK U0 lu Uu eOL
2000A v UNF qB UC vK u%
pO VKB s u s lMB
1m UN UH vB
WU lu vK u%
80KA v qB dB UO qL dUM vK u%
IP65 v qB UN WUL( W
q WU) ULF WOzUdNJ UuK s d u UM
Motor control center (MCC) WOzUdNJ U

d;U rJ Uu
bd nOOJ eN Uu
bUB* Uu
WOUMB UOKLF w rJ Uu
ph
wzUdN qL( cG* qUJ lDI WU U

WOU uD) l qUJ lDI WU U (
IN
C.B
qL( UO U
P = VI Cos
IZ
I=
Load
IL
P
= IL
V Cos
AL uOM*
Cu U b * qu* u bb%
uN w _ sU dOu q bbL u bb%
qJ
YO bN' u l dU W p w U* bB* s wzUdNJ qL( bF qu* u

U IU td - UL
s be
bbL WId V U* _ quJ b vMF0 lOL qU
WIU quF lOL v dOA WFUB U
dA WUJ quJ lDI WU 0 WU) b' lOL Q rKF l
t WdO_ WF qUJ lDI WU b c U OK WOK UF* wU b' UL rO WKd* c w
Cu , XLPE , T = 30
IN
qUJ lDI WU
IZ
(A)
(A)
mm2
15
10
1.5
20
16
2.5
25
20
33
25
45
35
10
61
50
16
83
63
25
103
80
25
132
100
50
IZ
IN
IL WF UO - c qUJ lDI WU oI% V
uD) s tU r qL( UO IL YO
lUI dNB* UO IN
qu* tKL UO d
IZ
U
Ub qOu tb Vu lUI WF qu* lDI WU V
2200W/220V b WOzUdN
q(
WOU WUF* s qL( UO U
P = VIL Cos
Cos
IL =
= 1 U qL( U0
P
VL Cos
2200
= 10A
220 x 1
IL =
wK U k b' v udU
mm2
1.5
10
2.5
16
WF vKQ qu* b u t 1.5 mm2 tFDI WU pK l oUD qL( UO Q k

2.5 mm2 s uI bb9 w b * qUJ lDI WU qI u pc
t WdO
b' w tOK qu* lDI WU UO r tOK
2.5 mm2
16A
wK U k b' WFd qJA s

IL = 10 A
IZ = 20 A
C.B = IN = 16 A
IZ
IN
IL
20
16
10
r uD) w WOU WUF* b rO u_ WO UL WU w U

P=
IL =
3 VL IL Cos
P
3 VL Cos
U
d 400V bI bN d vK qLF 0.8 bI qUF10KW tb w d
Vu WUL( lU WF qu* lDI WU b dU qJA UdNJU tKOu
qL( w UO pc
tb
q(
P=
C.B
IN
O.L
IZ
3 VL IL Cos
P
3 VL Cos
10 x 10 3
IL =
3 x 400 x 0.8
10.000
=
= 18A
553.6
IL =
IL
22.5 A = 1.25 x IL wzUdNJ qUJK U qU WU{ r
b' v udU
qJ
mm2
IN
IL
1.5
10
15
2.5
16
20
20
25
25
33
6mm2 WFDI WU qU
UO r
IN = 25A
IZ = 33A
IO.L = 1.2 x IL
= 1.2 x 18
= 21.6 A
iQ WLE
YU b
`D v W MU uLK wzUdNJ bN' WLO 5 iQ UE U wzUdNJ lu WLE w

WUD bB* WO OUMGdNJ Wu* W vK UHUC t iQ UE UO _
WK od s _U WOzUdNJ bF* eN WObF* uD q od s r iQ WOKL
uJ WKu c sLC YO Protective Earth connection (PE) wu w{_ WK vL WObF
b UL VM& wUU _ `D vK wzUdNJ bNK UU uD pK vK wzUdNJ bN'
pc
WOUF w qK WO wzUdN
Vd tO UN h f WU w WOzU dN
Wb
eN qOFH v R U2 dB QD b U w Ud U dB UO d WKu c sLC
qL( s WUD bB qBH uI w b luI
WUL(
b w Functional Earth Connection WKUH w{_ WK vb w{_ WK s d u UM
u iF qLF Wd{ WKu c qK b eN wFOD qLF wzUdN
UO qL%
WHK* UOI eN UOzuN u iF Surge Suppressor q UNUL WOzUdNJ eN_
WMOF u w WUM VKD c sJ qU w{Q
PE wu w{_ b sJ1
WuL q
eOd - UuL W v IEC 60364 w*UF UOI* V iQ WLE rO I IT TN TT w 5d
5d( b uJ d( c u bu WUD bB l w{_ WK U 5 _ d(

5OU
Terre WO dH WLKJ s WIA w w{_ l U WDIM dU qOu wMF T
WOU WFU2 s UB Isolation e WDI s w{_ l UB bu t wMF I
b uJ qL( WUDU be r c wzUdNJ UN' l w{_ WK U 5 wU d(
5OU 5d(
WUD lu WJ w w{ WK s eF0 w{_ l qLK dU qOu wMF T
Network lu WJ s w{_ l uu qL( wMF N
TN UE
l u; bu* w u w UEM w WLM WDI U UIM b qu UEM c w

bBLK w{_ WK s _ l qu qL( wzUdNJ UNK wU) qJON U _
w U OU dOB UO d v R WOUF w qK b U wUU qJA w `{u u UL
qL( s UO qB wUU dNB* b lU qOFH v R U2 WOu WKu
vL bB* w{ l pKN * eN_ WuAJ* WObF* e_ qOu uI c qu* pK

w ld UO qL c u_ w UEM WLM WDI l qB c pK PE WUu j
Neutral (N) UF j vL uD U UE
s b q
lu w dOG WFU2 w{ WK UA WHKJ du TN UE U WUB WOU s
5JKN *
L1
L2
L3
N
PE
bB*
Earth
qJ
qL(
w qJA w `{u u UL WOd WLE W TN UE X% bM

ULNCF l B 5KBHM 5D s U N UF PE WUu j tO TN-S
qBHM Separate wMF S d( WUD bB bM iF
WUB WOU s PEN j tOK oKD b j w UFL UF WUu j tO TN-C
u b r N bUF j UDI dD s qOKIK u* b qOKI wMF c U
wMF
d( WJA s WHK UI w _ l bF qOu OJ s U

qB Connected
j w UFL UF WUu j YO 5IU 5UEM 5 lL uM c TN-C-S ?

WUM qb bM ULNKB r WUM qb v WOdH WD; 5 WU * w U qB PEN
UEM c dF UOUDd w UF j WUu j 5KI 5D v UL_ u% w
tKOu r PEN j WOL V uF Protective multiple earthing (PME) rU UC
UEM c b UF j w UDI b dD s nOHK WHK lu w _U
d{U( Xu w U w Wb( uO rEF w
Generator or
transformer
Earth
L1
L2
L3
N
PE
Consumer
Generator or
transformer
L1
L2
L3
PEN
Consumer
Earth
TN-S
TN-C
Generator or
transformer
L1
L2
L3
N
PE
Consumer
Earth
TN-C-S
qJ
TT UE
t WU w{ WK s _U quO qL( U dU _U bB* qu UEM c w
U w oD* u UEM c qJA w `{u u UL

bB* s WeF WKI
IT UE
WFU2 WK s _U qB _ s UOzUN WeF lu WJ uJ UEM c w
qJA w `{u u UL
WKI iU WK s _U tKOu rO qL( U WOU
WOD eN_ q sL WEU WU bF eN vK u% w s
U_ w UEM c b
b b dO
WUB dzU v s
U_ c w WOUF w qK b R YO d* d
U_ WUL( Ue wU{ e u
pKN * WN w U_ WUL( dOu
RCD w{_ d lu b VKD IT TT UE
L1
L2
L3
N
PE
bB*
L1
L2
L3
N
bB*
PE
qL(
Earth
qJ
qL(
Earth
qJ
bu WK
wK ULO UdH
dUM b dNB* dF
t dI* UO WLO ULK
dNB* pK WU ULK

u WOzUdNJ UIFB s U_ WUL( hB* lUI ?
dGB* luI s WUO dI UN WuI* luI
w OUMG* qBH UO s d( qBH UO uJ WO luI w ?
WDu w lUI q bu* wzUdNJ uI UH UL r
tUO q s wzUdNJ UO WLO iOH b
Uu v wzUdNJ UO lu uI ÒUH* Wu
iQ wUE w wdH UO UN b
wK UL V qJA v udU
UN' u
dO dI* UO
dO wEK UO ?
dO dBI UO WF
Xu dI* bN' ?
dO wdH UO WLO
UD b
TEST MONTHLY UF uBI* U
wK U d
eOOL WOzUI
UO VOC
qJ
WOzUdNJ WuK ?
s q
V uD w UE vK qLF UB tb wzUdN
d qOGA U
WUL( lUI dI* UO WLO qOuK qUJ lDI WU qL( UO
WUM* qOGA WId Ò{u U 5F c_ l
b???????????????????u
r??J d?????z
Control Circuits rJ dz WFd bu

Control Circuits WOJOUJOdNJ rJ UOU
_ b
WbI
bF WOdJ WOzUdN U w qb wzUdNJ rOEM rJ dz s WHK u bu

UdO WUD v UO bu s d) bN WOzUdN bOu WD w bu* s d) bN rOEM dzb
jGC nOOJ bd Wb U w qLF WOJOUJO WOzUdN rOEM rJ% eN bu UL
UdO
wJOUJO qB UN s U w contactors WOOUMG* luIU vL U rJ dz w b
lOD ju{ WDu bF s U/ bO WDu jI fO tKOGA r UOKL bF UOIK rLB wOUMG
WOFO dO WOFO d w UO lD qu rJ
UM b VD uJ bI UD _ b U iF UNCF s WOOUMG* luI nK
cJ WF W
s WeF UD _ c uJ Auxiliary Poles vL bU lD od s d UD WU{ r
WOJOUJO WIdD X u fHM qLF WLLB iF UNCF
wOUMG* lUI qL b
U bu tS nK w wzUdN UO d bM
wOUMG* lUI U vK dR wOUMG
dzb w UB tb iF UNCF l c
iF UNCF l d U OK WLLB WOzUdNJ
qJA w UL UNMO ULO jd od s
UNCF s?? WKBHM U?? D WO?? Ozd U?? *
qB vK qLF w?? Ozd lUI q uu iF
b w UO q
UD W wOUMG lU qJ
WOU{ UD s U bU* U*

w UL WOOzd UD _ l WOJOUJO WIdD qu
bU* U*
qJA
U bu nKLK wzUdNJ UO u bM
W??O? J? O? U??J? O? W??F? D?
l?? ? W?? ? ? ?K? ? ? ? B? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
WOOzd U*
vK qLF WOOzd UD _ c uI wOUMG

v B WKu lbM wUU wzUdNJ UO UB
w A WKu UNF V c' u qFH qH
c WU b bU* UD _ l WKB Ub
UD _
l bU* UD WOJOUJO* WKu qJ
wOzd lUI
WOOUMG* luI vK WK
WHK UD Q WOOUMG lu qJ
qJA w UL wu vK UD _ qOu sJ1 UL
wu vK luI UD qOu qJ
qJA w UL qOGA UO Ue u vK UD _ qOu sJ1 pc
u vK UD qOu qJ
WU( V d bU UD WU{S wOzd lUI UNO rJ w UD _ b U sJ1

wzUdNJ UOK d lU WU{S p U* UO WLO bb% UNeK WOzUdNJ dzb iF UM pc
wzUdNJ UOK b rO dOG rOI rJ tMJ1 c Thermal Over Loads
WOU WOOzd rJ dz w wOUMG* lUI b r
Change over Switch UH
Direct -on- Line dU qOu
Star - Delta UU
Reversing b U& fJ
Power factor Correction bI qUF 5%
Starting Circuits UdLK b dz
Relays lu
dM* b; dBF* lMB* WU V WOOUMG* luIK bF* Ub s UdO

qLFU b bM iF UNCF l UN UMU* qL WFO pc
WOOUMG* luI vK WuJ* UB U _

qJA w UL WOOzd UD _
WOOzd UD _ rO d qJ
v WOJOUJO WIdD UNKOu UNU{ sJ1 wOzd lUI l uJ b bU* UD _

qJA w UL wOzd lUI
bU* WOOzd UD _ rO d qJ
U l bU* WOOzd lUI U WU c vK qLF c Coil wOzd nK*

nK* bN v
WLOI rJ vK qLF Thermal over load d( lUI
w bB* qB vK qLF YO bB* l qB* qL( UO
dzb w qK qD b V U* UO WLO U U
w UL rJ WOKL w UNM UH r UD t WOzUdNJ
qJA
dzb w UO lD s WR* WOOzd WKOu NC --- 95-96
dzb w qK b bM dc% W* qOu NO --- 97-98
d( lUI UD qJ
Push Buttons UI qOGA ju{

NO
dC qOGA jU{
(1-2)
NC
dL UI jU{
(3-4)
WE
vK uu wN UB U _ ud c lOL' WMU
UI qOGA ju{ qJ
lUI qJ U pc WFUB WdA U luI lOL

UB U _ cN U LK UdNJ wM uJ V pc
rJ dz w Wb * ud
rJ dz w Wb * ud qJ
rJ dz w Wb * WO ud
rJ dz w Wb * WO ud qJ
r w WOMe U R* s bF u UM Timer X R*

Ud s WuKD* WOMe dHK U F rJ dz w UNb
w UU dz w tb r c X R* U uO
wzUdNJ UO u bM quK dO WOM d v U%
WDIM s UO qOu vK X R* qLF X R* nK v
wC bF oKG 5DIM 5 qu VDI _ WDIM v
u WDIM s wzUdNJ UO qB r uKD* X u
l{ v 5DIM 5 qu VDI
WDIM s qOGA d WKO wzUdNJ UO d dL dU
qJA w UL
wM X R qJ
Overload WUL( WKO UO uOH UO WLO

5OF
WOOz qd s d9 WJA vK wzUdNJ d; j WOKL
wOzd lUI WOOzd uOH
UU qOGAK b lU wOUMG* lUI
Overload UO U b{ WUL( WKO ?
bI uU s UO U od s tu s U d; UO WdF V pc
bI qUF UO bN' bI
S t_ w UO WU w U
bI qUF j) UO j) bN bI
d; qOu WId WdF V pc

dU qOu
Y od s qOu
U( iF w qUJ qL( UO UF{ U d; b UO uJ dU* qOu bM

U dLK b UO S U U WIdD qOu bM U j) UO U WUL( WKO UO
WU( c w WUL( WKO UO dUF r tu UO U WUL( WKO UO qUJ qL( UO UF{
WOU WUF* V
WKOu pK s U* UO
1.2
WUL( WKO UO
U
wOzd lUI UO WLO UL UU WIdD tKOGA d 5kw uKO tb d
[ bI qUF 380V WJA bN rKF l WUL( WKO UO
q(
W=
3 x VL x IL x cos
IL =
W
3 x VL x cos
IL =
5000
3 x 380 x 0.8
IL = 9.5A
Starting current b UO
= (2-3) x 9.5
Over load current WUL( WKO UO
IO.L = 1.2 x Iph

Iph =
IL
3
9.5
3
= 5.5A
IO.L = 1.2 x 5.5 = 6.5A

Circuit braker current pOUu nB UH UO
IN = 2 x 9.5 = 19A
IN = 3 x 20A
Cable cross section qUJ lDI WU
b' s q(
5 2.5 mm2
WOzUdNJ Ud; qOGA rJ dz r
wU b
5dz rd dzb pK r bM
qJA w UL WUL( qzU WOOUMG* WOOzd luI qLA uI dz
pOUu nB UH
wOUMG lU
d qL w
t W d
(3 - Wire Diagram) uI dz qJ
w UL W d ÒUH W WUL( qzU U U juC qLA rJ dz

qJA
nB UH
pOUu
d( lUI U
Over Load
UI jU{
qOGA jU{
dL U W*
dc%
dC U W*
qOGA
qB bU f
C1 wOUMG* lUI l
lUI nK
wOUMG*
rJ dz qJ
WuK vK lDI XO UJ uI dz rJ dz 5 YO lOL jD lOL dz

qJA w UL qu ULE _ sU U
WOzUdNJ UuK w lOL dz qJ
bu WK
w WU{ l Stop UI UD Start qOGA UD b S wzUdN d qOGA d
rJ bI r d; tUL( Over Laod qL
d qOGA X R* c b WU wM X R qOBH s wA _ e' U UM
rJ r U Ou UU
uI r U u_ b fJF p r u_ w w d U& fJF
rJ

كتاب رائع فى شرح الكهرباء (توليد, نقل, توزيع, حماية ,دوائر) PDF

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كتاب رائع فى شرح الكهرباء (توليد, نقل, توزيع, حماية ,دوائر) PDF

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5DK W

wUF rOKF WOd

ZUM* ed sOM qOK

5DK W w wUF rOKF WOd d

ZUM* W?M' fOz

WuU WKdLK ULF UdN UNM* wMu odH

bI w dOG l w duD qbFK WKU WOd& UF WFd v v_ s UFD u d

su wd w d nOQ wU w ZUM* ed UN

wUF rOKF WOd

bF sOKdL qC vK  B tK r

WOUMB WOzUdNJ bbL

WOzUdNJ WUu WUL( UOU

WO OUMG dNJ rJ UOU

u_ w UM* UO bOu

u_ w UM* UO dz v_ bu

WU bu W X S UIU pF d UL uD U bu s uD U UO bOu r

uD WU bu qJA

UHK W vK u_ w UO bu u

v3 = Vmax sin( t-240!)

u_ w UEM uN' UN qJA

Ub WLM Ou

e WU w (Y) WLM WKOu

W dA* W&UM WDIM vL

VL j) bN dFO 5D 5 bN' U (Phase Voltage) Vph uD

(LineCurrent)j) UO A dD s U) j) w U* IA  uD) b w U* UO dF UL

qJA w WMO UO uN' c IL

bu* w WLM WKOu qJA

wK UL ULNMO WF `O{u sJLO bNK W

WLM WKOu w uD bN j) bN 5 WF UI

VL = VLL = VL1N - VL2N

UC U& t0 tM dF wMe dOF w (VL2N)

bNK qL* tLK

UL VO uU oOD - t YO

j) bN' WUFH WLOI

uD bN' WUFH WLOI d

uD) u_ uN' UN* qJA 5

uL s oI sJ1 uD uN s

WLM WKOu w UO

WLM WKOu w UO qJA

IL3 U& WKB; U& UU&

qJA w UL IL3 YU UO l UOU& dO_ lL& r s

b WU w WLM WKOu w UO UN qJ

e WU w Ub WKOu

udO uU ULFU qJA b

WUFH WLOI UM sJ1 WLM WKOu w j) bN U

W k pc UM Ub WKOu w uD) u_ UO UN qJA 5

bu* w U WKOu qJA

UUF uJ V e oOI Ub WLM WO vK qLK WKL* W dUMF qOu sJ1

vK u% U v W c R UEM vK dOU UO( j) W sJ1 pc

wK UL w t_ w qL u_ w bB 5 WHK * Ou s WuL UMN o UL UL

WL$ WL$ WKOu qJ

bBLK uD bN pc qLK j) bN U

WUF bI lu w WKOu c b

U WL$ WKOu qJA

qJA WL$ U WKOu

WL$ U WKOu qJA

qJA UU WKOu

IN = 0 A UO( UO S e qL( U0 UO( w UO

u_ w UM* UO dz w bI

bI WdU WUF dO WUF v bI r

(P = P1 = P2 = P3) u q b U W w WOKJ bI c S Ue qL( U

UO j) UOL Wb e WU w Ub WLM wKOu w bI c U

w qLK WOKJ WUFH bI Vph uD bN Iph uD UO 5 We w YO

5DK W

wUF rOKF WOd

5DK W w wUF rOKF WOd d

bI w dOG l w duD qbFK WKU WOd& UF WFd v v_ s UFD u d

su wd w d nOQ wU w ZUM* ed UN

bF sOKdL qC vK B tK r

WOOUMG dNJ rJ UOU

WU bu W X S UIU pF d UL uD U bu s uD U UO bOu r

uD WU bu qJA

UHK W vK u_ w UO bu u

u_ w UEM uN' UN qJA

Ub WLM Ou

e WU w (Y) WLM WKOu

W dA* W&UM WDIM vL

VL j) bN dFO 5D 5 bN' U (Phase Voltage) Vph uD

(LineCurrent)j) UO A dD s U) j) w U* IA uD) b w U* UO dF UL

qJA w WMO UO uN' c IL

bu* w WLM WKOu qJA

wK UL ULNMO WF `O{u sJLO bNK W

WLM WKOu w uD bN j) bN 5 WF UI

UC U& t0 tM dF wMe dOF w (VL2N)

bNK qL* tLK

UL VO uU oOD - t YO

j) bN' WUFH WLOI

uD bN' WUFH WLOI d

uD) u_ uN' UN* qJA 5

uL s oI sJ1 uD uN s

WLM WKOu w UO

WLM WKOu w UO qJA

qJA w UL IL3 YU UO l UOU& dO_ lL& r s

b WU w WLM WKOu w UO UN qJ

e WU w Ub WKOu

udO uU ULFU qJA b

WUFH WLOI UM sJ1 WLM WKOu w j) bN U

W k pc UM Ub WKOu w uD) u_ UO UN qJA 5

bu* w U WKOu qJA

UUF uJ V e oOI Ub WLM WO vK qLK WKL* W dUMF qOu sJ1

vK u% U v W c R UEM vK dOU UO( j) W sJ1 pc

wK UL w t_ w qL u_ w bB 5 WHK * Ou s WuL UMN o UL UL

WL$ WL$ WKOu qJ

bBLK uD bN pc qLK j) bN U

WUF bI lu w WKOu c b

U WL$ WKOu qJA

qJA WL$ U WKOu

WL$ U WKOu qJA

qJA UU WKOu

IN = 0 A UO( UO S e qL( U0 UO( w UO

u_ w UM* UO dz w bI

bI WdU WUF dO WUF v bI r

(P = P1 = P2 = P3) u q b U W w WOKJ bI c S Ue qL( U

UO j) UOL Wb e WU w Ub WLM wKOu w bI c U

w qLK WOKJ WUFH bI Vph uD bN Iph uD UO 5 We w YO

wN WOKJ WdUE bI U

uF qL( uI jD qJA

uI YK* WUFH dO W d* U WuF

nK R = 6 UbI WUI vK u qL( e UEM ULK

Wu WUF dOG bI uJ pc Wu w tu W S Uw qL( U0

WF b U UC WdUE bI U

u w UM* UO dz w bI UO

UO nK qu YO p `{u qJA e* qL( WU w jI WIdD c b

WDI u_ b 5 qL( l u vK bN' nK qu ULMO qL( l wu vK dOLuK

u_ w qL( bI UOI bu dOLu WId qJA

u UL U WL$ WKOu u s dEM iG We* dO We* UL WIdD c b

UO eN d uL w qLK WOKJ bI S 5U( UK w qJA w `{u

U WL$ 5KOu w u_ w qL( bI UOI dOL W WId qJA

`KB w W UE w qJA w W{u* sdOLu WId U U qLF

j) bN fOI UNU sUNK

u_ w qL( bI UOI sdOLu WId qJA

sdLu wd uL P qL( d s WJKN

sUN' b S uFU wU U u 0.5 s dG bI qUF U

bI qUF fU) b

w WUFH bI YO dO Xu uKOJU UI WdUE bI vL

wzUdNJ UEM WOUF bI qUF wMF b

bI qUF dOU

WOU WUF*U vDF

bI qUF 5% eO2

b qUF bM WOdNJ UJA qLF cG* pKN

* sL pc wzUdNJ lu

bI qUF 5%

wKJ UO u We bB* bN s dU IL u nJ* qOu q dzbU v UO