MC LC

Chng I: NI DUNG C BN T TNG I ON KT HCM Chng II: HNH THC T CHC CA KHI I ON KT DN TC Chng III: VAI TR CA I ON KT DN TC TRONG S NGHIP CCH MNG Chng IV: VN DNG T TNG H CH MNH TRONG CNG CUC I MI HIN NAY

Chng I: NI DUNG C BN T TNG I ON KT HCM

1. i on kt dn tc l i on kt ton dn ng trn lp trng giai cp cng nhn v quan im qun chng, H Ch Minh cp vn Dn v Nhn Dn mt cch r rng, ton din Trong t tng HCM, dn v nhn dn va c hiu vi t cch l mi con ngi Vit Nam c th, va l mt tp hp ng o qun chng nhn dn, h l ch th ca khi i on kt dn tc, i on kt dn tc thc cht l khi i on kt ton dn. H Ch Minh cho rng: on kt ca ta khng nhng rng ri m cn on kt lu di Ta on kt u tranh cho thng nht v c lp ca T quc, ta cn phi on kt xy dng nc nh. Ai c ti, c c, c sc, c long phng s T quc v phc v nhn dn th ta on kt vi h Mt sng to ln, ng thi l mt cng hin v i ca Ch tch HCM v ng i vi dn tc ta v cc dn tc b p bc trn th gii l vic sng lp nn Mt trn dn tc thng nht l Mt trn dn ch ng Dng (1936-1939), Mt trn Vit Minh cao tro nh Php, Mt trn Lin Vit trong khng chin chng thc dn Php on kt trong Mt trn Lin Vit, Dn ta lm nn chin thng in Bin Ph

on kt trong Mt trn T quc Vit Nam, trong Mt trn dn tc gii phng min Nam Vit Nam v Lin minh cc lc lng dn tc.

nh gi v Mt trn dn tc thng nht, nm 1962 H Ch Minh nu r: on kt trong mt trn Vit Minh, nhn dn ta lm cch mng thng Tm thnh cng, lp nn nc Vit Nam dn ch cng ha on kt trong Mt trn Lin Vit, nhn dn ta khng chin thng li, lp li ha bnh ng Dng, hon ton gii phng min bc on kt trong mt trn T quc Vit Nam, nhn dn ta ginh thng li trong cuc khi phc kinh t, ci to x hi ch ngha v trong s nghip xy dng ch ngha x hi min bc

V vy, ngi ch r, trong qu trnh xy dng khi i on kt ton dn, phi ng vng trn lp trng giai cp cng nhn, gii quyt hi ha mi quan h giai cp dn tc tp hp lc lng v Ngi nh hng cho vic xy dng khi i on kt ton dn trong tin trnh cch mng Vit Nam t cch mng dn tc dn ch nhn dn n cch mng x hi ch ngha 2. Thc hin i on kt ton dn phi k tha truyn thng yu nc nhn ngha - on kt ca dn tc; ng thi phi c tm long khoan dung, lng, tin vo nhn dn, tin vo con ngi xy dng khi i on kt ton dn, phi k tha truyn thng yu nc ca dn tc, truyn thng ny c xy dng, cng c v pht trin trong sut qu trnh dng nc v gi nc v tr thnh ci ngun sc mnh ca dn tc, trong cuc u tranh chng mi thin tai ch ha

Theo HCM, trong mi con ngi ai cng c mt tt, xu Cho nn, v li ch cch mng, cn phi c long khoan dung lng, trn trng phn thin mi con ngi. thc hnh on kt rng ri, cn c nim tin vo nhn dn. V vy, nguyn tc ti cao ca Ngi l yu dn, tin dn, da vo dn, sng, u tranh v hnh phc ca nhn dn, tip ni truyn thng dn tc nc ly dn lm gc Trong bi ni chuyn ti Hi ngh i biu Mt trn Lin Vit ton quc 1955

Ngi ch r : i on kt tc l trc ht phi bit on kt i a s nhn dn, m i a s nhn dn ta l cng nhn, nng dn v cc tn lp nhn dn lao ng khc. l nn gc ca i on kt. N cng nh ci nn ca nh, gc ca cy. Nhng c nn vng, gc tt, cn phi on kt cc tng lp khc.

Chng II: HNH THC T CHC CA KHI I ON KT DN TC

1. Hnh thc ca khi i on kt dn tc l mt trn dn tc thng nht Ton dn tc ch tr thnh lc lng to ln, c sc mnh v ch trong u tranh bo v v xy dng T quc khi c tp hp, t chc li thnh mt khi vng chc, c gic ng v mc tiu chin u chung v hot ng theo mt ng li chnh tr ng n. Tht bi ca cc phong tro yu nc v gii phng dn tc Vit Nam trc khi ng ta ra i chng minh rt r iu ny. Mt trn dn tc thng nht l ni quy t mi t chc v c nhn yu nc, ni tp hp mi con dn nc Vit, ko ch trong nc m cn bao gm c nhng ngi Vit Nam nh c nc ngoi, d bt c phng tri no, nu tm lng

vn hng v qu hng t nc, v t quc Vit Nam u c coi l thnh vin ca mt trn. Tu theo tng thi k, cn c vo yu cu v nhim v cch mng, cng lnh v iu l ca mt trn dn tc thng nht c th c nhng nt khc nhau, tn gi ca mt trn dn tc thng nht theo , cng c th khc nhau: Hi phn ng minh (1930), Mt trn dn ch (1936), Mt trn nhn dn phn (1939), Mt trn Vit Minh (1941), Mt trn Lin Vit (1946), Mt trn dn tc gii phng min Nam Vit Nam (1960), Mt trn T quc Vit Nam (1955, 1976). Thc cht cc t chc ny ch l mt, phn u v mc tiu chung l c lp dn tc, thng nht t quc, t do v hnh phc ca nhn dn. 2. Mt s nguyn tc c bn v xy dng v hot ng ca Mt trn dn tc thng nht a.Mt trn dn tc thng nht phi c xy dng trn nn tng khi lin minh cng - nng - tr thc, t di s lnh o ca ng. + Mt trn dn tc thng nht khng phi l mt tp hp lng lo, ngu nhin, t pht ca qun chng nhn dn, m l mt khi on kt cht ch, c t chc trn nn tng khi lin minh cng - nng - tr thc, do ng Cng sn lnh o. + H Ch Minh vit lc lng ch yu trong khi on kt dn tc l cng nng, cho nn lin minh cng nng l nn tng ca mt trn dn tc thng nht. Ngi l gii s d phi ly lin minh cng nng lm nn tng v h l ngi trc tip sn xut tt c mi ti ph lm cho x hi sng. V h ng hn ht, m cng b p bc bc lt nng n hn ht. V ch kh cch mng ca h chc chn, bn b hn ca mi tng lp khc. + Lm cch mng phi c tri thc v tng lp tr thc rt quan trng i vi cch mng. Ngi ni: trong s nghip cch mng, trong s nghip xy dng CNXH, lao ng tr c c mt vai tr quan trng v v vang; v cng nng tr thc cn on kt cht ch thnh mt khi. + Theo H Ch Minh, i on kt l cng vic ca ton dn tc, song n ch c th c cng c v pht trin vng chc khi c ng lnh o. Chnh v vy H Ch Minh lun xc nh mi quan h gia ng v mt trn l mi quan h mu tht. + S lnh o ca ng i vi mt trn va l mt tt yu, va phi c iu kin.

+ lnh o mt trn ng phi c chnh sch mt trn ng n, ph hp vi tng giai on, tng thi k ca cch mng, ph hp vi quyn li v nguyn vng ca i a s nhn dn. b.Mt trn dn tc thng nht phi hot ng trn c s bo m li ch ti cao ca dn tc, quyn li c bn ca cc tng lp nhn dn + H Ch Minh ch ra rng, ch c th thc hin on kt khi c chung mt mc ch, mt s phn. Nu khng suy ngh nh nhau, nu ko c chung mc ch, chung s phn th d c ku gi on kt th no i na, on kt vn khng th c c. + Mc ch chung ca mt trn dn tc thng nht c H Ch Minh xc nh c th ph hp vi tng giai on cch mng, nhm tp hp ti mc cao nht lc lng dn tc vo khi i on kt. Nh vy c lp t do l mc ch cao nht bt di bt dch l ngn c on kt ca mi tng lp. c. Mt trn dn tc thng nht phi m bo hot ng theo nguyn tc hip thng dn ch, bo m on kt ngy cng rng ri v bn vng + Nguyn tc hip thng dn ch i hi tt c mi vn ca mt trn u phi c em ra tt c cc thnh vin cng nhau bn bc cng khai, i n nht tr, loi tr mi s p t hoc dn ch hnh thc. + thc hin nguyn tc hip thng dn ch phi ng vng trn lp trng giai cp cng nhn gii quyt hi ho mi quan h gia li ch dn tc v li ch giai cp, li ch chung v li ch ring, li ch lu di v li ch trc mt. Gii quyt ng n mi quan h li ch trong mt trn dn tc thng nht s gp phn cng c s bn cht, to s ng thun, nht tr cao v thc hin c mc tiu: "ng tnh, ng lng, ng minh". d. Mt trn dn tc thng nht l khi on kt cht ch, lu di, on kt thc s, chn thnh, thn i gip nhau cng tin b + H Ch Minh nhn mnh phng chm "cu ng tn d" ly ci chung hn ch ci ring, ci khc bit; mt khc ngi nu r "on kt phi gn vi u tranh, u tranh tng cng on kt" + Ngi vit: "on kt thc s ngha l mc ch phi nht tr v lp trng cng phi nht tr. on kt thc s ngha l va on kt va u tranh, hc nhng ci tt ca nhau, ph bnh nhng ci sai ca nhau v ph bnh trn lp trng thn i,

v nc, v dn. Tm li, mun tin ln CNXH th ton dn cn on kt lu di, on kt thc s v cng nhau tin b". + Thc hin t tng H Ch Minh trong qu trnh xy dng, cng c v pht trin mt trn dn tc thng nht, mt mt, ng ta lun u tranh chng khuynh hng c c, hp hi, coi nh vic tranh th tt c mi lc lng c th tranh th c vo mt trn; mt khc lun phng v u tranh chng mi biu hin ca khuynh hng on kt mt chiu, v nguyn tc, on kt m ko c u tranh ng mc trong ni b mt trn.

Chng III: VAI TR CA I ON KT DN TC TRONG S NGHIP CCH MNG

1. i on kt dn tc l vn c ngha chin lc, quyt nh thnh cng ca cch mng. - Theo t tng H Ch Minh, i on kt khng n thun l phng php tp hp lc lng cch mng, m l mt vn c tnh ng li, mt chnh sch nht qun ch khng th l mt th on chnh tr. - T khi ng ta ra i, i on kt theo t tng H Ch Minh tht s l mt b phn hu c trong ng li cch mng ca ng. Cch mng mun thnh cng, ng li ng n thi cha , m trn c s ng li ng, ng phi c th ha thnh nhng mc tiu, nhim v v phng php cch mng ph hp vi tng giai on lch s. Ch c on kt th mi to ra sc mnh a cch mng ti thnh cng. - Trong tng thi k, tng giai on cch mng, c th v cn thit phi iu chnh chnh sch v phng php tp hp lc lng cho ph hp vi nhng i tng khc nhau, nhng i on kt dn tc lun lun c nhn thc l vn sng cn, quyt nh thnh bi ca cch mng. - Nh t tng nht qun v chnh sch Mt trn ng n, ng ta v Ch tch H Ch Minh xy dng thnh cng khi i on kt dn tc, a Cch mng Vit Nam ginh c nhiu thng li to ln. Ch tch H Ch Minh khng nh: Ton dn Vit Nam ch c mt lng: Quyt khng lm n l. Ch c mt ch: Quyt khng chu mt nc. Ch c mt mc ch: Quyt khng chin tranh th thng nht v c lp cho T quc. S ng tm ca ng bo ta c thnh mt bc tngng vng chc xung quanh T quc. D ch hung tn, xo quyt n mc no, ng u nhm bc tng , chng cng phi tht bi. on kt trong Mt trn Vit Minh, nhn dn ta lm Cch mng Thng Tm thnh cng, lp nn nc Vit Nam Dn ch Cng ha. on kt trong Mt trn Lin Vit, nhn dn ta khng chin thng li, lp li ha bnh ng Dng, hon ton gii phng min Bc. on kt trong Mt trn T quc Vit Nam, nhn dn ta ginh thng li trong cng cuc khi phc kinh t, ci to x hi ch ngha v trong s nghip xy dng ch ngha x hi min Bc. on kt, on kt, i on kt; thnh cng, thnh cng, i thnh cng 2. on kt dn tc l mc tiu, nhim v hng u ca ng, ca dn tc.

- i on kt dn tc l nhim v hng u ca ng mi giai on cch mng. l mun nhn mnh n vn thc lc cch mng. Bi Cch mng thnh cng khng ch da trn c s ng li ng, m cn phi c th thnh nhng mc tiu, nhim v v phng php cch mng ph hp vi tng giai on CM c th li ko, tp hp qun chng, to nn thc lc cho CM. chnh l khi i on kt dn tc. - i on kt dn tc cn l nhim v hng u ca c dn tc. Bi v cch mng l s nghip ca qun chng, v qun chng. ng c nhim v thc tnh, tp hp, hng dn qun chng, to thnh khi on kt, to nn sc mnh tng hp thc hin thng li mc tiu chung ca dn tc. Ch tch H Ch Minh cho rng: i on kt dn tc khng ch l mc tiu, nhim v hng u ca ng m cn l mc tiu, nhim v hng u ca c dn tc. Bi v, i on kt dn tc chnh l nhim v ca qun chng, do qun chng, v qun chng. ng c s mnh thc tnh, tp hp, on kt qun chng to thnh sc mnh v ch trong cuc u tranh v c lp cho dn tc, t do cho nhn dn, hnh phc cho con ngi.

Chng IV: VN DNG T TNG H CH MNH TRONG CNG CUC I MI HIN NAY
Trong thi gian qua, nhn chung, khi i on kt ton dn tc trn nn tng lin minh giai cp cng nhn vi giai cp nng dn v i ng tr thc c m rng hn, l nhn t quan trng thc y s pht trin kinh t, x hi, gi vng n nh chnh tr x hi ca t nc. Tuy nhin, trong khi s nghip i mi ang c yu cu cao v tp hp sc mnh ca nhn dn th vic tp hp nhn dn vo Mt trn v cc on th chnh tr, cc t chc x hi cn nhiu hn ch, nht l khu vc kinh t t nhn, khu vc doanh nghip c vn u t nc ngoi, mt s vng c ng ng bo theo o, ng bo dn tc thiu s Trong cng cuc i mi, Mt trn T quc Vit Nam vi tnh cht l mt t chc lin minh chnh tr, lin hip t nguyn rng ln nht ca nhn dn ta, ni th hin ch v nguyn vng ca mi tng lp nhn dn, ni hip thng v thng nht hnh ng ca cc thnh

vin, phi hp vi chnh quyn gii quyt ngy cng c hiu qu nhng vn bc xc ca nhn dn, thc hin dn ch, i mi x hi, chm lo li ch chnh ng ca cc tng lp nhn dn; tham gia ngy cng thit thc vo vic xy dng, gim st, phn bin, bo v ng v Nh nc. Trc yu cu ca nhim v mi, Mt trn T quc Vit Nam c vai tr quan trng gp phn cng ng v Nh nc xy dng v hon thin mt s chnh sch chung sc mnh i on kt ton dn tc tr thnh ng lc ch yu v l nhn t c ngha quyt nh, bo m thng li bn vng ca s nghip xy dng v bo v t quc. K tha v pht huy truyn thng v vang, Mt trn T quc Vit Nam ch trng on kt rng ri, on kt chn thnh mi thnh vin trong x hi c th on kt c, khng phn bit qu kh, thnh phn giai cp, dn tc, tn gio, trong nc hay nc ngoi trn c s mc tiu chung l gi vng c lp thng nht ch quyn v ton vn lnh th quc gia v mc tiu dn giu, nc mnh, dn ch, cng bng, vn minh; on kt gia nhn dn vi nhn dn cc nc trn th gii; pht huy sc mnh i on kt ton dn tc tr thnh ng lc ch yu xy dng v bo v vng chc t quc. Tp trung y mnh hn na cc cuc vn ng, cc phong tro thi ua yu nc, nht l cuc vn ng ton dn on kt xy dng i sng vn ho khu dn c v cuc vn ng ngy v ngi ngho, to iu kin cho ngi ngho c iu kin vn ln, gp phn thc hin thng li mc tiu n nm 2020, nc ta tr thnh nc cng nghip pht trin theo hng hin i. Trong thc tin, vic chuyn sc mnh on kt dn tc trong thi k gi nc sang thi k dng nc khng phi l vic d dng. Lch s ang i hi nhng n lc ln ca ng v Nh nc ta v mi ngi chng ta trong xu th hin nay l hi nhp quc t, mt lot vn t ra va u tranh, va xy dng, theo ti cn phi quan tm ch o thc hin: Th nht, mun khi dy v pht huy cao sc mnh ni lc, phi xut pht t li ch dn tc, t pht huy ni lc dn tc m m rng quan h hp tc quc t, tranh th mi kh nng c th tranh th c xy dng, pht trin qu hng, t nc trong iu kin xy dng nn kinh t th trng nh hng x hi ch ngha. Thc hin chnh sch i on kt dn tc, phi ch pht huy tnh nng ng ca mi ngi, mi b phn mi vic t lnh o, qun l, n sn xut kinh doanh, hc tp v lao ng u c nng sut, cht lng, hiu qu ngy cng cao. Tip thu vn dng nhng li th ca kinh t th trng nhng ng thi phi thy cho ht mt tri v phi khc phc cho c nhng tiu cc ca kinh t th trng, c bit tm l chy theo ng tin, cnh tranh khng lnh mnh lm phai nht truyn thng on kt, tnh ngha tng thn, tng i ca dn tc, gii

quyt i ngho, thu hp khong cch i sng gia kinh vi ng bo dn tc t ngi, gia ng bng vi min ni, gia nng thn vi thnh th, cng c khi i on kt dn tc anh em, chm lo ci thin i sng ng bo, c bit l vng su, vng xa, tn trng tn ngng tn gio, cc tp qun tt p ca dn tc, kin quyt loi b nhng m mu li dng tn gio, t gio gy ri, chng ph. Th hai, tp trung xy dng h thng chnh tr trong sch, vng mnh; kin quyt chng cc t nn x hi, nht l t tham nhng, quan liu, vi phm quyn lm ch ca nhn dn, phi bit lng nghe, tip thu nguyn chnh ng ca nhn dn; tng cng i thoi, phn bin vi t chc, a phng, c s v cc giai tng trong x hi, kp thi gii quyt nhng vn m lng dn khng yn. Phi tip tc i mi chnh sch giai cp, chnh sch x hi, c bit coi trng vic xy dng t chc Mt trn T quc Vit nam cc cp, i mi, hon thin chnh sch dn tc, chnh sch tn gio, chnh sch i vi cng nhn, nng dn v tr thc; chnh sch i vi cng ng ngi Vit Nam nc ngoi; chnh sch i vi cc thnh phn kinh t, nhm huy ng cho c nhn ti, vt lc mc cao nht cho s nghip y mnh cng nghip ha, hin i ha t nc. Th ba, trong iu kin thc hin chnh sch m ca, hi nhp quc t, a phng ha, a dng ha quan h i ngoi trong xu th khu vc ha, ton cu ha kinh t ngy cng pht trin, i hi phi cng c s on kt su rng vi cc dn tc, mi quc gia, theo ng nguyn tc ca ng li i ngoi hin nay l: Vit Nam mun l bn v i tc tin cy vi tt c cc nc trong cng ng quc t, v ha bnh, hp tc v pht trin, va nng cao hiu qu hp tc quc t, va gi vng bn sc dn tc, gi vng inh hng x hi ch ngha. Th t, phi vn hnh ng b t trn xung di, phi hin thc ha ch trng bng hnh ng c th, ni t lm nhiu, ni i i vi lm th mi thu ht v pht huy mnh m sc mnh dn tc, sc mnh ca ch ngha yu nc, sc mnh ca ngi lm ch, sc mnh i on kt ton dn, trn c s sc mnh bn trong m tranh th v vn dng s ng tnh, ng h rng ri ca lc lng bn ngoi. cng l kht vng ca ton dn.