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0:

Data Engineering Lab

:
:
email: manolopo@csd.auth.gr
:
http://delab.csd.auth.gr/~manolopo/graph
:
14:00-16:00 ( )
15:00-17:00 ( )
: -

Data Engineering Lab

Knigsberg
1255


1945.

Kaliningrad (
)

Goldbach,
Hilbert, Kant Wagner.

Data Engineering Lab

Leonhard Euler (1707-1783)

,
.


Bernoulli.
1727
.
.

.

Data Engineering Lab

Leonhard Euler (1707-1783)

1733, 13
, 5.
1741
25 .
>500
400
.
i,
, e, sin, cos, f(x) !

. :
now I have fewer distractions
Data Engineering Lab

 7 Knigsberg

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Data Engineering Lab

Data Engineering Lab


V2

V3

V1

V6

V4

V5

:
:
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 Euler

traversability

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10

Thomas P. Kirkman

William R. Hamilton

Hamiltonian
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11

Gustav Kirchhoff

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12

Arthur Cayley

James J. Sylvester

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George Polya

13

Francis Guthrie Auguste DeMorgan

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14

 4-

1976, Kenneth Appel Wolfgang

Haken (
) 4
, .

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16

Communications

Telephones exchanges,
computers, satellites

Cables, fiber optics,

microwave relays

Voice, video,
packets

Circuits

Gates, registers,
processors

Wires

Current

Mechanical

Joints

Rods, beams, springs

Heat, energy

Hydraulic

Reservoirs, pumping
stations, lakes

Pipelines

Fluid, oil

Financial

Stocks, currency

Transactions

Money

Transportation

Airports, rail yards,

street intersections

Highways, railbeds,
airway routes

Freight, vehicles,
passengers

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17

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18

;
;
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19

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20

 (weighted)
2

2
0.5

1.2

4
6

0.2

1
9
8

2.1

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21

;

;
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22

GPS

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23

Routing in Internet (TCP/IP)

1
D2=1
1

V3

V2

D3=2
4

5
V1

D7=3

V6

V7
4

D6=6

2
V4

V5
D5=7

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24

 (3 utilities)

3 3

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25

2 ;

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26

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27

;
( )
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28

10
D
A

3
9
7

2
3
3

1
6

C
5
2

2
F

B
4
E

12

10

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29


D
A

2
1
C

2
F
2

B
E

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30

 ( )

8 , ;

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31

 /
(Hamiltonian )

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32

 ()

(),
;

;
4

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33

;
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34

 metro ()

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35

 (science map)

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36

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37

 (citations)

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38

small-world
6 hops

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39

Stanley Milgram


.
,

.
Milgram


6,

6 degrees of separation."
http://mathforum.org/mam/04/poster.html
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40

 Kevin Bacon

Bacon
Hollywood <=6 .

Bacon 1222
Hollywood.
Data Engineering Lab

Bacon
Number

# of
People

Connery
Number

# of
people

1766

2216

141840

204269

385670

330591

93598

32857

7304

2948

920

409

115

46

61

Average Bacon
number: 2.947

Average Connery
Number: 2.706

41

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