ELGHZIZAL’S SCRIBD DOCUMENTS 1

@ @ïöbß@ÞìÜ«@À@ ñ‡ÇbÓ@ -@ ¼@pýÇbÐnÛbi@òãë‹Ô¾a@püìznÛa@Z@À@åíŠb¸

101(2007 
 )2  
  :
 

V =
/-.
SB
&'(
)
&'*+,
25°C

 !‫
א‬#$!‫
א‬%
(
CH3NH2 (S)




)





m




.
CB
0123
500ml


:
<,'!‫
א‬012
=>>'?,‫
א‬/@
SA
&'(
9‫
'א‬$:$; 3
VB = 50,0ml
$8/-.

SB
&'5‫

א‬67

)+!‫
א‬G6


$8
*5‫
א‬HI$,‫?

א‬J.
D$EF

;
pH
B$ 
=,C3
 H 3O  A = 1,0.10 mol.l

+ −1 −1

:
<,$,‫ א‬pH = f (VA )

‫
؟‬L$M




N
)
&
O,‫
א‬$ (1

L$;!‫
א‬$P,
I$/?,‫
א‬,Q$;!‫א
א‬ (2


(
<
RS
#$!‫
א‬T
L$ ,‫
א‬$P2
N
UF
R )



E
XD$?,‫

א‬W$V‫א‬.F
Q. (3

m
/M
.‫
א‬V
،
CB
1Y,‫
א‬/M
H9‫א‬ (4

#$!‫
א‬T



$P2
N
SB
&'5‫ א‬pH

9‫\ [

'א‬ (5
.
<
RS

D$EF

L$;!‫
א‬$P,
Xmax
)*M]‫ ^
א‬,‫
א‬Q. (6
VA=10,0mL
[CH 3 NH 2 ]éq

a,‫
א‬bP
)
`
V
VA = 10,0mL
-@‫
א‬D$EF


1Y,‫
א‬a


pKA 3
pH

,_

` (7
CH 3 NH 3 + 
éq

.Xéq
/M
H9‫
א‬V


،

Xéq
,_

‫
؟‬H2
‫א‬C$
.
VA=10,0mL
-+,
a,$
L$;!‫
א‬$P,
Xf
<I$8,‫ ^

א‬,‫
א‬/M
.‫א‬ (8
(8)
[$,‫א&
א‬X,‫
א‬c‫

'א‬$8/M
[D‫'א‬2
:
،
L$;!‫
א‬$P,
Nd‫'א‬,‫
א‬$V
.‫א‬ (9
pK A (CH 3 NH 3 + / CH 3 NH 2 ) = 10, 7

25°C
:
<;
pK e = 14
M ( H ) = 1g.mol −1 ; M ( N ) = 14 g.mol −1 ; M (C ) = 14 g.mol −1
 
12 C #$%&‫ ا‬0%‫ آ‬.‫ی‬.‫ ﺕ‬.‫ ! ی‬. C #$%&$ ‫ي ی( ف‬+‫ وا‬AH ‫ ب‬C6H8O6  ‫!   ار ذو ا‬
. ‫واء‬.‫ا ا‬+4 ‫ ص‬6
pKA(H2O/HO )=14 ، pKA(H3O /H2O) = 0 ، pKA(AH/A ) = 4 ، M(AH) = 176g.mol-1 : 17(!
- + -

‫ا
 ان‬ ‫ﻡ  ا
ف‬ 25°C .:; Ke=1,0.10-14
‫أ ا‬ 4,2 - 6,2
‫أزرق اوﻡل‬ 3 - 4,6
‫ول‬#‫أ ای‬ 7,2 - 8,8
1 www.ibnalkhatib2.canalblog.com
‫‪ELGHZIZAL’S SCRIBD DOCUMENTS‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫درا* ‪ /
0‬ا'ل ا
‪ ,' -.‬ا‪*+‬رﺏ( و ﻡ'ل ا&دا ) ه‪3‬روآ‪ 34‬ا&دیم (‬ ‫‪(I‬‬
‫‪ 12‬ه‪ B+‬ا‪.‬را !‪ %A‬ح ا‪ ?;$&%‬ا> ی= ‪ #‬ﺡ ار ‪ AH‬ﺕ آ‪ CA = 2,88.10-2mol.l-1 B‬و‪0‬ل ادا ذو‬
‫ﺕ آ ‪ . CB = 2,00.10-2mlo.l-1‬ﺡ‪ HI‬ا ا‪ 1F.G‬ا>‪ VA =10ml ?(%‬و !(‪ #; G‬ﺡ‪ HI‬ا‪.;$A‬ة ‪. VB‬‬

‫‪(11‬أآ‪$( M%‬د ا‪ ?;$&%‬ا‪$‬ﺹ?‪.‬‬

‫‪ #VB=7,2ml +OP!(12‬ادا ;‪25°C .:‬‬
‫‪$6(112‬س‪ pH‬ا‪ S0T‬أ;‪ ، pH = 4,0 R7‬أﺡ>‪ M‬ﺕ آ ‪ 12  H 3 O ‬ا‪ S0T‬ا‪10;$&%‬‬
‫‪+‬‬

‫‪(212‬ا‪ U%:%‬ﺕ آ ‪ HV ،  HO ‬اﺡ>‪ nf(HO-) M‬آ ‪$‬دة أی!‪$‬ت ا‪.4‬روآ>‪ .‬اﺝدة ;‪$4! .:‬ی ا‪. ?;$&%‬‬
‫‪−‬‬

‫‪ (312‬أﺕ‪ H‬ا‪.I‬ول اﺹ&‪ 1‬ا‪:1$%‬‬

‫ا
د‬ ‫ا‪37‬م‬ ‫)‪HA(aq‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪HO- (aq‬‬ ‫
‬ ‫)‪A- (aq‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪H2O‬‬
‫ا'
 ا‪.3‬‬ ‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫و‪9‬‬
‫;‪:‬ل ا‪/
07‬‬ ‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫و‪9‬‬
‫ا'
 ا<
‪.‬‬ ‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫و‪9‬‬
‫‪(412‬ه? ا‪ ?;$&%‬ا‪$‬ﺹ? آ‪ 10‬أم ‪.‬ود ؟ ;‪ ?0‬ﺝا ‪ ،‬وه? ی‪ #‬ا;‪$%‬د ه‪+‬ا ا‪$I!\ ?;$&%‬ز (‪$‬ی ة ﺡ‬
‫ار ‪.4‬روآ>‪ .‬ادیم ؟‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪ (512‬ﺕ‪0 pKA 6 # ]A‬دوﺝ ‪AH/A‬‬
‫‪ (13‬أوﺝ‪ .‬ﺕ(‪ HV G‬اﺡ>‪ %$V M‬ا‪%‬ازن ‪+4 K‬ا ا‪%‬ازن ‪ ،‬ه? ا‪ 12 I%:‬ﺕا‪ = ]2‬أﺝ ‪ (12‬؟‬

‫‪ >7 (II‬ا‪ /
07‬ﺏ
س ‪pH ) pH‬ﻡ‪7‬ی(‬
‫!>] ‪ 6‬ص ‪ 4 12 C500 #$%2 #‬اس (‪$:‬ی و!‪+‬ی‪ # ?06 12 aG‬ا‪$‬ء ا‪ a0A:! HV 7A‬إ‪ R‬دورق ذو ﺡ‪HI‬‬
‫‪ 100ml‬و!‪$$ H%‬ء ا‪0 7A‬ل ;‪0 R0‬ل ‪ S‬ﺡ‪ S# VA =10ml +OP! . VS = 100ml aI‬و!(‪$‬ی ‪0 B‬ل‬
‫ادا ذي ﺕ آ ‪ CB = 2,00.10-2mol.l-1‬ﺕ‪ =G%‬ﺕ  ‪ c. pH‬ﺡ‪ HI‬ا‪.;$A‬ة ا‪$b‬ف ‪ SO # #‬ا‪ R::‬ا‪1$%‬‬
‫‪ ; (12‬ف ا‪. d2$%‬‬
‫‪(22‬ﺡ‪.‬د ‪ 7‬ی‪ #%&0%T #%A‬إﺡ‪.‬ا‪7A! 1%V‬‬
‫ا‪. E d2$%‬‬
‫‪ ?0; (32‬ا‪ A‬ا‪ 1%‬ی‪+OP‬ه‪ .:; pHE $‬ا‪.d2$%‬‬
‫‪eO (42‬ل ا(‪$‬ی ة و‪ ?(I:‬إ‪ %‬ود ال‪%pH‬‬
‫ رة آ‪ $0‬أﺽ&‪ # 10ml $:‬ا‪$‬ء ا‪ ، 7A‬أي‬
‫ﺕ  َ‪ًَُ 7‬أ ;‪ R:: R0‬ا(‪$‬ی ة ؟‬
‫وه? ی‪ MI‬أن !‪ 6. jA‬ه‪ B+‬ا ا‪2$b‬؟‬
‫‪ (III‬ا
یة ﺏ
*‪
7‬ل اا  ا‬
‫!‪ # VA= 10ml +OP‬ا‪0‬ل ‪ S‬ا>‪ ]$‬ل‪(II‬‬
‫و!(‪$‬ی ‪ B‬ا‪0 7‬ل ه‪.‬روآ>‪ .‬ادیم ذو ﺕ آ‬
‫‪b CB = 2,00.10-2mol.l-1‬ر آ‪0 kl$‬ن‬
‫‪ B+4 M$:‬ا(‪$‬ی ة ‪ R0; ?! ،‬ا‪kb! $.:; d2$%‬‬
‫‪VB,E= 14,4ml‬‬
‫‪ (13‬أر‪ H‬ﺕ‪ !$G‬ا(‪.‬ة ا‪ I%‬ی‪ G‬ا>‪$I!\ 0(%‬ز ه‪B+‬‬
‫ا(‪$‬ی ة ‪ $40; $%Gm‬ا‪ H‬آ? ادوات ا>‪. 0(%‬‬
‫‪ (23‬أي آ‪0 kl$‬ن ‪ #‬اا‪ kl‬ا>‪ A$‬ی‪ M$:‬ه‪ B+‬ا(‪$‬ی ة ) ی‪ #‬ا‪ R:: !$(%c‬ا(‪$‬ی ة(‬
‫‪ (33‬اﺡ>‪ M‬آ ‪$‬دة ﺡ ار ‪ #10ml 12‬ا‪0‬ل ا(‪$‬ی ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (43‬ا‪ U%:%‬آ‪ 0%‬ا ‪ 6 12‬ص واﺡ‪ ، .‬و;‪$ ?0‬ذا ی‪ R0; M%‬ا‪.‬واء ‪.Vitamine C500‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪www.ibnalkhatib2.canalblog.com‬‬
ELGHZIZAL’S SCRIBD DOCUMENTS 3
@ @@@@
@ @ïöbß@ÞìÜ«@À@ ñ‡ÇbÓ@- ¼@pýÇbÐnÛbi@òãë‹Ô¾a@püìznÛa@ZåíŠbànÛa@Ýy@

 

.
O$M


!‫
('&
א‬NfD
3

pH0>7
(
L$;!‫
א‬aM
)
VA = 0

L$;!‫)
א‬+
&e6
 (1


:
L$;!‫
א‬,Q$;
(2
CH 3 NH 2 + H 3 O +
CH 3 NH 3+ + H 2 O
'
 %  # &" ) 
 
 
   
!" # $
: ( 
!""  71 #+ ( )*
#" $   
 $  # 
(  * 
 
 
  ' " ,%" :   # 
/  90 " 88 #+ -. #" $  
  : 
 # 
: (



(
P;E
L$M

L>$a
$;!‫
א‬g',‫
א‬N]

/8
L$;!‫
א‬,Q$;
?2
)


(
O' 
O'M
L$;
h $
‫א‬CF
.‫א‬3
8
?2
)
(pHE = 6 ; 25ml )
i

W$9$/!‫
[
א‬:
XD$?,‫(

א‬3

:
XD$?,‫(

א‬4


:
m
c$.


















































































CB

;2









m



n M
CB = = ⇒ m = CB .V .M C A .VA = CB .VB
V V 012 (5
V = 0, 5l CV 0,1 × 25
CB = A A = 
!3
= 5.10−2 mol.l −1
M = 12 + 14 + 5(1) = 31g .mol − VB 50
#
⇒ m = 0, 775 g 
  '4( +5 
!3
 6" '4

 '4 7"
( '
 8"( 9# : 
 '
 . 



)+!‫

א‬$9‫?
א‬l
$
':3
L$;!‫
א‬aM
pH0
D;
j
‫א‬,
،
L$;!‫
א‬aM
&'+/,
9‫>א‬Q
':
،
#$!‫
א‬T

]‫
א‬$P2
;ak
9‫>א‬Q


pH = pK e + log CB


:
NfD
$
L$ ,‫?=
א‬P2
N$
‫א‬CF3
pH ≈ 11, 6
$ VA = 0
11, 6 ≠ 14 + log 5.10−2 = 12, 7 :
[ +,‫

























א‬

.
<
RS
#$!‫
א‬T

]
$P2
NfD
<,$,$3
.( '
 8"( 9# : 
 '
 .  :
&‫א‬X,‫
)
א‬-,

<I$8,‫ ^
א‬,‫
א‬a
c$.

&‫א‬X,‫א
א‬:
)
$m,

3 www.ibnalkhatib2.canalblog.com
ELGHZIZAL’S SCRIBD DOCUMENTS 4
pH

$Me ‫?
א@*'&
א‬l
n,‫א‬3
< a!‫
א‬H3O+
LQ$
/
Xr
</,

Xf
\

?J
<I$8,‫
א‬pH
/M


Xr =  H 3 O +  VS = 10− pH .VS = 10−6 (25 + 50).10−3 = 7, 5.10−7 mol
f

X r = C A .VA − X f
⇒ X f = C AVA − X r

:


3
−3 −7 −3
X f = 2,5.10 − 7, 5.10 ≈ 2, 5.10 mol

Xm = CBVB = 5.10-2.50.10-3 = 2,5.10-3 mol @774 A‫ وﻡ‬CB.VB - Xm=0




&3o‫

א‬xm
c$.

Xf



<
‫א‬CF
L$;!‫
א‬$P2 τ=
Xm
=1

q$9‫


א‬



‫ا
د‬ ‫م‬37‫ا‬ CH NH + H 3O +

CH NH +
+ H O
3 2 3 3 2

.3‫ا'
 ا‬ X=0 CB.VB ni =CA.Vi A * * 0 9‫و‬

/
07‫ل ا‬:; X CB.VB - X ni(H3O+) - X * * X 9‫و‬
+
.
<‫ا'
 ا‬ Xf CB.VB - Xf ni(H3O ) – Xf * * Xf 9‫و‬
‫ا'
 ا&ی‬ Xm= CB.VB - Xm ni(H3O+) – Xm * * Xm 9‫و‬

CA.VA,E Xm=




3
(
R?
XD$?,‫
א‬aM
‫)
'א‬+r!‫
א‬$P!‫'
א‬:
O' ,‫
א‬/@‫
א‬N'?
-@‫א
א‬8


VA = 10 ml

D$EF

)*M]‫ ^
א‬,‫(
א‬6
Xm = CAVA = 10-1.10.10-3mol = 10-3mol =1mmol


:
$,

 D‫
א!א‬2$M3
s;E
/@
a,$(7

pH = pK A + log
[CH 3 NH 2 ]
CH 3 NH 3+ 


[CH 3 NH 2 ] ⇔ 10 pH − pK A = [CH 3 NH 2 ]
⇔ pH − pK A = log
CH 3 NH 3+  CH 3 NH 3+ 



CBVB − X éq
[CH 3 NH 2 ] =
(VA + VB )
=
CBVB − X éq
CH 3 NH 3+  X éq X éq


(VA + VB )
:

Nd‫'א‬,‫
א‬3
[$,‫&
א‬3o‫
א‬3


CBVB − X éq
10 pH − pK A =
X éq



/@‫

א‬10ml
st
$

pH
/M


VA
,_
pH
W‫א‬R,
/!‫)
א‬+!‫


א‬Xéq
/M
q$9‫
א‬



X
-,
CBVB
3

pKA3

pH


 $,‫
א‬Me;,‫
א‬%
u';

pH ≈ 10,2 :

2, 5.10−3 − X éq


1010,2 −10,7 = ⇒ X éq (1 + 10−0,5 ) = 2, 5.10−3
X éq
X éq ≈ 2.10−3 mol 4 www.ibnalkhatib2.canalblog.com
 ELGHZIZAL’S SCRIBD DOCUMENTS 5





(5

%
&‫א‬X,‫
)
א‬$v‫א‬3

%
$.
w
VA =10ml
D$EF


X f I$8,‫
א‬/ ,‫(
א‬8
τ = 1 ⇔ Xf = Xm

:
$,

(9

CH 3 NH 3+ 

:
3
10 pH − pK A
=
[CH 3 NH 2 ]
:
[a9
$x
$,
K = éq

CH 3 NH 3+  [CH 3 NH 2 ]éq  H 3 O +  éq

1 pK 110,7 10

[D‫
'א‬$
':3
<
$P,‫
א‬NfD
‫
א‬LRa
K
N
$y3 K = 10 pH − pK .  H O +  = 10 pH − pK .10− pH = 10 = 10 ≈ 5.10
A

A A
 3  éq


8
&‫א‬X,‫
א‬-

 
( ‫ ا&دیم‬34‫روآ‬3‫*رﺏ( و ﻡ'ل ا&دا ) ه‬+‫ ا‬,' -.
‫ ا'ل ا‬/
0 *‫درا‬ (I

HA(aq) + HO- (aq)
A- (aq) + H2O















(11

(21


[H3O ] = 10
+ -pH
= 10-4 mol/l ⇔ pH = 4

























(121
Ke
 HO −  = = 10−10 mol.l −1













:
$,
(221
 H 3 O + 

nf(HO-) = [HO-]. (VA + VB) = 1,72.10-12 mol :a:‫
و‬

(321

‫ا
د‬ ‫م‬37‫ا‬ HA(aq) + HO- (aq)
A- (aq) + H2O
.3‫ا'
 ا‬ CAVA CBVB * * 0 9‫و‬

/
07‫ل ا‬:; CAVA - X CBVB - X * * X 9‫و‬
.
<‫ا'
 ا‬ CAVA - Xf CBVB - Xf * * Xf 9‫و‬




Xf = CB.VB = 1,44.10 mol : A‫ وﻡ‬CBVB - Xf
=
0



NCF:

L$ ,‫'
א‬:
+/z,‫
א‬$P!‫א‬
-4

τ
<I$8,‫ ^
א‬,‫
א‬a
c$.
(412

 HO −  n0 ( HO − ) − n f ( HO − ) 2,88.10−2.10.10−3 − 1, 72.10−12
reagit


τ = = = ≈1
 HO −  n0 ( HO − ) 2,88.10−2.10.10−3
0

=>'?9]‫
{
א‬L$;!
$P,‫א
א‬:
Q$/‫<
א‬,$,$3
<
$P,‫>
א‬$a‫?
א‬l

5 www.ibnalkhatib2.canalblog.com
ELGHZIZAL’S SCRIBD DOCUMENTS 6



pKA
/M

[ +,‫(
א‬512
 A− 
pH = pKA + Log 

[ AH ]





:
*P,‫&
א‬3o‫


א‬AH
123

A-
12
Q+,
Xf
 A 
−
VA + VB Xf 1, 44.10−4
= = = =1
[ AH ] C AVA − X f C AVA − X f 2,88.10−2.10.10−3 − 1, 44.10−4


VA + VB
 A− 
log = 0 ⇒ pH = pK A = 4
[ AH ]
K
Nd‫'א‬,‫
א‬$V
(13
 A−   A−  .  H 3O +   A−  K
eq eq eq 1 eq
K= = = . = A = 1010
[ AH ]eq  HO−  eq
[ AH ]eq .  HO−  .  H 3O + 
eq eq
 HO  .  H 3O  [ AH ]eq .  H 3 O 
−
eq
+
eq
+
eq
Ke

.
 $,‫
א‬W$$9_‫[
א‬D‫
'א‬$
':3

<
$P,‫>
א‬$a‫?
א‬l
‫א‬CF
‫
א‬LRa
K

(‫ی‬7‫ﻡ‬pH ) pH ‫ ﺏ
س‬/
07‫> ا‬7 (II

$P2
,Q$;!
 D‫
א!'א‬a9$,‫
א‬We$;!‫

א‬.

(||$;!‫
א‬3
}$;!‫

)
א‬$P!‫
א‬#$P6‫

א‬L$M
–
{
L$;
&e6
XD$?,‫ [
א‬+
(12


.
L$;!‫א‬


:
N$ ,‫(

א‬22


9$/!‫ 
א‬k 

)+!‫
א
א‬XD$?,‫
א‬-.
[D‫
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ELGHZIZAL’S SCRIBD DOCUMENTS 7
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n(AH) =CAVA = 2.10-2.14,4 = 2,88.10-1 mmol
. .‫ ص واﺡ‬6 12 ‫ ا‬0%‫ آ‬.‫ی‬.‫(ﺕ‬43
0,288mmol 1‫ ه‬10ml ‫ی‬$(‫ ا‬HI‫ ا‬12 ‫دة اﺝدة‬$‫آ أن آ ا‬+%‫ ا‬MI‫ ی‬- ‫أ‬
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: 1$%$‫ و‬n = 10(0,288mmol) 1‫ ه‬.‫ ص واﺡ‬6 12 ‫دة ا‬$ ‫ أن آ‬U%:%>!
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7 www.ibnalkhatib2.canalblog.com