A2 MEDIA

Declan Rigby

Sound: Dialogue Soundtracks Non diagetic sound Diagetic sound Effects Voice over's

Introduction to characters: Their personality The names of the main stars are put on screen early on in the trailer. This is important as it lets audiences know who they can expect to see in the film. Audiences will often decide they want to see a film just because of the stars in it

Editing : Scene changes (scenes last 3 seconds long) Intertitles Transitions Build climax

EY MOVIE TRAILER CONVENTIONS Camera: Camera angle Camera shots (long, close, medium Mise en scene: shots, 2 shots) Props (cars) Panning Costume (era, time , Narrative: Tracking shot year) Outline of plot (Trailers include key Sounds moments from the film which are not Lighting necessarily placed in the same order as Location the film and do not give away any crucial plot details) Genre of film

VLADAMIR PROPPS THEORY

Vladimir Yakovlevich Propp 17 April 1895 St. Petersburg Russian Empire Soviet formalist scholar who analyzed the basic plot components of Russian folk tales and fairy tales to identify the narrative elements. Vladimir Propp broke up fairy tales into sections. Through these sections he was able to define the tale into a series of sequences that occurred within the Russian fairytale. Usually there is an initial situation, after which the tale usually takes the following 31 functions. He also concluded that all the characters could be resolved into 7 broad character functions in the 100 tales he analyzed: The villain - struggles against the hero. The dispatcher - character who makes the lack known and sends the hero off. The helper - helps the hero in their quest. The princess or prize and her father - the hero deserves her throughout the story but is unable to marry her because of an unfair evil, usually because of the villain. The hero's journey is often ended when he marries the princess, thereby beating the villain. The donor - prepares the hero or gives the hero some magical object. The hero- reacts to the donor, weds the princess. The false hero - takes credit for the heros actions or tries to marry the princess Father figure- rewards the hero for his hard work. Progression in the narrative : preparation, complication, transference, struggle, return, recognition.

TODOROVS THEORY
Russian theorist, Tzvetan Todorov, suggests that all narratives follow a three part structure. They begin with equilibrium, where everything is balanced, progress as something comes along to disrupt that equilibrium, then the characters recognise the disruption, and finally reach a resolution and reach a state of repair, when equilibrium is restored. He believed Narratives didnt need to be linear. The progression from initial equilibrium to restoration always involves a transformation. There can be many disruptions whilst seeking a new equilibrium (horror movies rely on this technique and are a prime example). Here narrative is not seen as a linear structure but a circular one. The narrative is driven by attempts to restore the equilibrium. However, the equilibrium attained at the end of the story is not identical to the initial equilibrium. Todorov argues that narrative involves a transformation. The characters or the situations are transformed through the progress of the disruption. The disruption itself usually takes place outside the normal social framework, outside the normal social events. (http://www.adamranson.plus.com/TODOROV.HTM )

LEVI STRAUSS
Claude Levi-Strauss suggested that all narratives had to be driven forward by conflict that was cause by a series of opposing forces. he called this the theory of Binary Opposition, and it is used to describe how each main force in a narrative has its equal and opposite. Analysing a narrative means identifying these opposing forces light/dark good/evil noise/silence youth/age right/wrong poverty/wealth strength/weakness inside/outside and understanding how the conflict between them will drive the narrative on until, finally, some sort of balance or resolution is achieved.

BARTHES THEORY

Had the theory of narrative being like a ball of thread, as people/audience see plot and story from different angles and pull the thread from different angles. He thought text has different meanings, depending on who you are and what you believe. Narratives are either open (can be unravelled in lots of different ways) or closed (theres only one way to see it) Action codes: When some action occurs in the film it implies there will be further action regarding this specific movement. Enigma codes: anything that happens within the film that isnt explained, which the audience wants answered (like what will happen next?) Narrative is identified by symbols, signs and cultural references.

Media language: conventions embedded in the product, for example mise en scene, diegetic and non diegetic sounds, editing, props, location.

Audience: the audiences personal needs and anxieties, the pleasures or troubles of the day, racial and sexual attitudes, family and cultural background, moral standpoint, how it pleases the audience and who it is.

KEY MEDIA CONCEPTS

Genre: genre of the film. Is it a hybrid? 2 or more film classifications combined? i.e. rom com. Told by music, actors, plot. Narrative: what's the narrative? The plot? Who's involved? Equilibrium and disequilibrium, plot functions. Representation: what types of people are presented? Do they represent stereotypes? Classification of people.

ABOUT TIME
ANALYSIS

Genre: About time is classed as a romantic comedy, this is backed up with the excessive use of the word love throughout the trailer, also the music and soundtrack used in the trailer is soft and filled around lust, the comedy section is shown; when at the party he shakes her hand instead of kissing her. This film could also be classed as a sci-fi as time travel is used within the film. The film is a hybrid, where two genres are conjoined between a romantic and a comedy, making it a rom-com. The iconography within this film in form of costumes worn indicate and dictate the genre of this film. Its shown to be a romantic based film as there's a wedding, wearing a suits and dresses. The use of a red wedding dress shown in the poster to show lust, love and romance, however it could be shown as a warning to Tim over the danger later revealed in the narrative. With the use of props, such as flowers. Reiterating the other hybrid side of this film of comedy is shown by laughter and the comical relationship that is shown within numerous character relationships (father and son, wife and husband).

Narrative :At the age of 21, Tim Lake (Domhnall Gleeson) discovers he can travel in time... The night after another unsatisfactory New Year party, Tim's father (Bill Nighy) tells his son that the men in his family have always had the ability to travel through time. Tim can't change history, but he can change what happens and has happened in his own life-so he decides to make his world a better place...by getting a girlfriend. Sadly, that turns out not to be as easy as you might think. Moving from the Cornwall coast to London to train as a lawyer, Tim finally meets the beautiful but insecure Mary (Rachel McAdams). They fall in love, then an unfortunate time-travel incident means he's never met her at all. So they meet for the first time again-and again-but finally, after a lot of cunning time-travelling, he wins her heart. (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2194499/) . This trailer gives a lot of the story away in a 3 part structure. Three main parts occur within the trailer, he meets Mary, they get married and Tim's father dies, this is a prime example of disequilibrium within the film. This follows Bulgarian philosophist, Todorov on his theory on narrative, he believes they have 5 points, equilibrium ; disequilibrium, recognition, repair and new state of equilibrium. This theory is clearly identified and fits in with this film. Levi Strauss's theory of opposites in the form of binary fits in with this film also, he believed narratives were based on opposites, this is shown In the film as time travel in the film is shown to be good as it helps Tim change his life and make it good for him for personal use, however its see as bad and has deprecations as he finds out about his future and cant change it for his family. This leaves him in a dilemma. This is a clear indication of good vs. evil.

Audience: the audience is a quadrant audience as its suitable for everybody, male female, young old, 8-80 years old. However some scenes within the film are not acceptable for 8 year olds so the band may nee to be reduced to 16-80. this is predominantly a female based film however males may get roped into seeing the film due to going to the cinema with wives, girlfriends etc. The fact its made by working title reiterates the fact of not having a niche audience as they are known for making quadrant audience films available and appealing to anyone, they have made the film appealing and available for both American and British audiences. Use of titles on the screen appeals to the audience as it asks questions to entice them to see it. Using stars names within titles appeals to the audience due to the actors performances previous, they may see it If they like the actor. The film is thought initial release date to be 8th of august, this is in the middle of the school and summer holidays when most people are off school and work, allowing majority of the public able to see it, the institute has cleverly released it when people have a lot of time on their hands.

Representation: this films represents the perfect life, based around love and the many forms of it, it shows the different types of relationships within the characters (between man and woman, father and son). Also the age and gender representations, as some fit the typical stereotypes used in films (young male is the hero, based on Propps theory)(and the female is the princess and prize). Mary is represented as holy and pure, this is done by putting a light around her silhouette when walking away, this also shows Tim's love for Mary as this is also his view on her. Mary is shown throughout the film to be ordinary, quiet and shy, however Tim can see the beauty behind her, this is shown be re-doing all of his encounters to make them perfect to get it right, this re-iterates the love he has for her. Tims father is shown to be the donor within the film as he gives Tim the knowledge and power of time travel. His father is also the dispatcher as he starts the story to unfold by giving him the power, he's shown not to be the stereotypical father type as he holds secrets from Tim, although you can see he and Tim have a healthy relationship due tot he banter and barter they have between each other within scenes. Tim is shown to be the hero, as he can change his and somebody else's life to be perfect via the use of time travel. However use of time travel could be seen as the hero as it has the greatest impact on making happiness. Tim is presented to be a nerd, quiet and awkward, this is shown as he retries his encounters with Mary as hes shown to be awkward and lacking confidence as he wants to make it perfect and get it right.

Media language: the use of mise en scene the category of clothing and costume you can clearly identify the difference in times due to the clothes being worn (new years party to the present). Use of non diegetic sound uses voice over's and sound tracks, when time travelling/flashbacks and transitions they use non diegetic sound to show this. And uses diegetic as dialogue. Use of titles on the screen to ask questions to audience, display actors, availability of the film itself. The trailer uses titles displaying text to transition from section to section. Lots of editing is used throughout this trailer and a lot of examples are used, the use of transitions through scene to scene jump, there is a chronological order through this, it shows all the main parts within the film and more, giving a lot of the narrative away. Editing is used to show the use of time travel within the trailer, it uses a fuzz and white lighting around the character to show the use of time travel and back tracking. There is not much use of significant prop usage within the film, everything is day to day used by the average person (clothes, cars) the only thing out of the ordinary is the use of time travel. Relationships within this trailer are shown via camera angles used, this can re-enforce moods, feelings towards each other, also who is the more powerful character in the conversation due to the angle or shot type for example looking up at a character shows power. The conversation between Tim and Mary on the right shows who's controlling the conversation as Tim is trying to chat-up Mary asking questions and trying to get to know her. Camera can also re-enforce age within characters.

MOVIE TRAILER ANALYSIS: SUBMARINE

Narrative: 15-year-old Oliver Tate has two objectives: To lose his virginity before his next birthday, and to extinguish the flame between his mother and an ex-lover who has resurfaced in her life. Precocious Oliver struggles with being popular in school but when a dark-haired beauty takes interest in him, he's determined to become the best boyfriend in the world. Meanwhile, his parents' already rocky relationship is threatened when his mother's ex-boyfriend moves in next door. Oliver makes some unorthodox plans to ensure that his parents stay together and that Jordana still likes him. There is a clear use of binary oppositions within this film based around love as it makes Oliver do bad things in order to impress Jordana. Also there is a use of a strong 3 part structure Todorov on his theory on narrative, he believes they have 5 points, equilibrium ; disequilibrium, recognition, repair and new state of equilibrium. This theory is clearly identified and fits in with this film. Director: Richard Ayoade Writers: Richard Ayoade, Joe Dunthorne (novel) Stars: Noah Taylor, Paddy Considine, Craig Roberts Production Co: Warp Films, Weinstein Company, UKFC, Film4 Distributers: Optimum releasing and Weinstien company Genre: Comedy, Drama, Romance All information is referenced from http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1440292/

Genre: Submarine is classed as a romantic comedy thriller, but could be seen as a coming of age drama, this makes it a hybrid genre. The romantic part of the trio genre is shown and expressed throughout the narrative as Oliver is desperate to get a girlfriend, and how he falls in love with Jordana. He also monitors his parents relationship by the use of the dimmer switch in their bedroom through split screen showing good and bad moments between his parents, and the excessive use of the word love throughout the film re-iterates this point. Also use of slides and titles discussing his issue with love and his relationship with Jordana. However its also a comedy as its a coming of age drama with humorous comical scenes. For example she takes lots of pictures of them kissing and says this proves you're not gay and when they have dinner together. Its classed as a thriller as it has a timeless feel to the film, this is shown through the use of props, cheesy locations and use of retro hair styles and clothes. The iconography of the film helps re-iterate the genre, its a romantic due to the excessive use of relationships between opposite sex. The retro feel is exposed by the use of dull settings, clothes, and hair style. Shown to be a very odd and old fashioned family who seem to be stuck in the wrong era. Media language: the use of mise en scene the category of clothing and costume you can clearly identify the timing and era of which the film takes place, shown to be very bland, lots of white and black, very traditional values considering choice of costume. There's a clip where Oliver is spinning around in a circle in slow motion, implying his happiness could last a life time, this is re-enforced by the music being played in the background, non diegetic sound is used throughout the film to express emotions this is a good example of who to use non diegetic sound to express feelings without changing facial expressions or camera angles although they may help to re-enforce the meaning. use of transitions through scene to scene jump, expresses a chronological order through this, it shows all the main parts within the film and more, but also not giving a lot of the narrative away keeping some parts and scenes a secret, making the viewer want to see the film as they feel they haven't seen enough, this gets the intrigued and interested in the film. The use of props within the film are of no significance, showing ordinary lifestyle, making it play a part of social realism. camera angles can reenforce moods, feelings towards each other helping relationships to been shown to the viewer, also showing who is the more powerful character in the conversation , you can tell this by angle or shot type for example looking up at a character shows power.

Representation: This film is based around the representation of a kid in school wanting to become popular and wanting a girlfriend. Wanting to be seen as normal, to get rid of the tag of being seen as nerdy and unpopular, hes shown to be nerdy by his choice of clothes, hair style and the way of which he goes about doing things, he's shown to very old fashioned, like when he and Jordana have a date he lights candles and is shown to a romantic but very old school, his hair style also re-enforces he is very old fashioned and simple, he's shown to be stuck in the wrong era. Oliver basically fits the stereotype of being a nerd, out to impress the popular girl to gain recognition and respect. You can tell this by the glee shown in his facial expressions when Jordana agrees to being his girlfriend. There's a clip where Oliver is spinning around in a circle in slow motion, implying his happiness could last a life time, this is re-enforced by the music being played in the background, a good example of non diegetic sound. The ideology of the film is shown to based around love and that it can only be good, however using the binary theory, love can be shown to be good and bad as Oliver gives in to joining in to bully a girl to see if Jordana notices, this shows both sides of what love can do to a person. Every character within this film are shown to simple and to have traditional values, by what they do and how they go about doing it. Audience: the audience for this film is a quadrant audience as its suitable for everybody. male female; young and old, 8-80 years old. However some scenes within the film are not acceptable for 8 year olds so the band may nee to be increased to 16-80. this is predominantly a female and youth based film however males of an older age may get roped into seeing the film due to going to the cinema with wives, girlfriends etc. Its shown to be a female and younger based film as its based around love, being a romantic comedy. Also with it being a coming of age drama it appeals to the younger generation as they may feel the characters go through the same situations. Use of titles on the screen appeals to the audience as it asks questions to entice them to see it. Using up coming actors and in-experienced directors and producers will help them boost their profile if they play a biog part in a good feature film. However the producers weren't clever about the release date as they released it in the middle of march, unlike other films where they release the films around school or annual holidays where most people are off and available to see the film.

2 MOVIE GENRE ANALYSIS ROMANTIC COMEDY

Audience-Romantic comedy films are films with light-hearted, humorous plotlines, centered on romantic ideals such as that true love is able to surmount most obstacles... One dictionary definition is "a funny movie, play, or television program about a love story that ends happily". Another definition states that its "primary distinguishing feature is a love plot in which two sympathetic and well-matched lovers are united or reconciled". Representation-women are seen as being reliant on males, and that being single is always seen as a negative. established traditional marriages, Romantic comedies are targeted towards females; hence there are always female characters for women to relate to. As I mentioned before the representation of women in all the romantic comedies are strong characters who are more powerful then men. Narrative-In a typical romantic comedy the two lovers tend to be young, likeable, and apparently meant for each other, yet they are kept apart by some complicating circumstance (e.g., class differences, parental interference; a previous girlfriend or boyfriend) until, surmounting all obstacles, they are finally wed. A wedding-bells, fairy-tale-style happy ending is practically mandatory. Media language- Shots: Mostly throughout the romantic comedies, two shots are used to show the intimacy of the characters a majority of two shots. Which links to the ideology and target audience, as it shows blissful relationships, this could show how the target audience would need to be quite emotional and be taken in by the emotions that are portrayed in the film, and again this means the target audience is women as men are not as likely to enjoy being taken in by emotion, however women enjoy this and as the leads are normally female it means that they are going to be able to connect with them more. The shots are fairly fast we just see the moment that they run to each other and embrace, this then cut to the next shot of another embrace. This means that the emotion continues and builds aswell. Sound: The music used within love scenes mean that it will be aimed at women. Mise en Scene: The scenery were very modern and stylish, this has connotations of a rich life. This would be attractive to both men and women however the style side of the scenery may be more attractive to women. (http://marcwalshmedia.blogspot.co.uk/2010/02/overallanalysis-of-romantic-comedy.html) Iconography-Some icons for romantic comedies are embarrassment (between one or both characters to rend the audience more entertainment to know that one of the audiences are having trouble). Also most romantic comedies are sexist because the difficulty between the relationship is usually caused by the guy which makes it funny on a girls part, the "cute-meet" which is a meeting that's cute so the audience understands that something is going on, mostly happens when the plot is unravelling. Another example is a kiss in the rain, because I said before romantic comedies are mocking the idea of romance, so another icon is meeting the parents (to show the audience that one or both of the characters are getting serious) and there is often a criticism or comment made at the kitchen table from a family member that causes awkwardness. And the last icon is the checklist of attributes men should have. also linking to the sexist idea of this genre.

Cinematography- rom coms are usually shot in HD with the use of editing to add no diegetic sound. Mainly shot in colour and in a shallow focus, giving a clear and sharp focus on the film especially within love scenes. The use of depth in the field can be used to show someone's love for another, as it focuses on the person in the background but keeping the other character in the shot but out of focus. Potential constraints-location, money and investment, props and costume, time.

2 MOVIE GENRE ANALYSIS

ACTION

Audience-Action Movie Lovers like movies that get their adrenalin racing. They choose to watch high-octane action movies that are fast and furious and full of explosive energy. This group tend to be sports enthusiasts who like to stay fit themselves. They are sociable with lots of friends and regular pub-goers. Aged mainly between 18-44 and of a male gender. Representation- men within action films are shown to be stereotypical, strong, heroic, independent and attractive and brave. Whereas women are showed to be damsels in distress, emotional and inferior compared to the male characters. Narrative-where one or more heroes are thrusted into a series of challenges that typically include physical feats, extended fight scenes, violence, and frenetic chases. Action films tend to feature a resourceful character struggling against incredible odds which include life-threatening situations, a villain, or a pursuit which generally conclude in victory for the hero. Media language- shots-lots of over the head and establishing shots, analysing and showing the setting and starting off the scene. two shots are used to show the intimacy of the characters a majority of two shots are used to show relationships between characters. Angles are used to show authority or inferiority. Sound- lots of diegetic sound is used to add and build suspense within the film, mainly used when using an establishing show, also to help set the scene for the next sequence of shots angles. Mise en scene- costume used within mainstream action films are mainly FBI and police uniforms, also some may use spy costumes. Also the use of gadgets and weaponry in action films is key due to the use of props gives it a real feel, also the use of fake blood and so give it a real feel to the film. The scenery were very modern and stylish, mainly using office blocks and derelict buildings, allowing mass use of explosions and such. Iconography-Time ticking down. A race to kill/save somebody. Love interest. Blood. Close ups. High emotion moments. Car chases, And a general fast paced feel throughout. Missions to be accomplished/ trials to be endured. Gadgets, guns and various weaponry and fast cars. Cinematography- in action films the movie is usually shot in HD with the use of editing to add explosions and correcting any faults. Mainly shot in colour and in a shallow focus, giving a clear and sharp focus on the film. The use of exposure shots can give a derelict and deserted location, setting the scene and letting the film flow. Potential constraints-location, money and investment, props and costume, time.