Memorandum To: Professor Krista Soria From: Hsuan(Demi) Straughn, Helen Morales Date: March 20, 2014 Subject:

Progress Report

Purpose
The Purpose of this memorandum is to provide you with a progress report regarding our research for the feasibility project. In this memo we will provide you with some evidence that we have found, outline our process of research, and evaluate the research that has been conducted for our future final report.

Summary
We have been researching if it is feasible to ban cigarettes smoking in Alaska. Smoking tobacco has been not only affecting the smokers health but also causing second-hand smoke. Our research includes topics regarding to the physical and mental impact of smoking cigarettes, smoking prevention programs that are available for parents, an alternative solution: e-cigarettes, some successful and failed history of the cigarettes ban. We were able to conduct our research through the UAA Consortium Library database to find six references. These resources will help us build our feasibility report. Our study is currently on schedule and we will use these six references in our final report. We should be completing our final report without any issues by May 3, 2014. Introduction and Mythology We were happy to find some related topics of resources for our feasibility report. Typically we work as a group but could not match our time to work on this together. Helen has her only day off on the weekend as a full-time worker and part-time student, and I work on weekends part time and go to school full time, this is why having all the resources online makes it convenient for us to work on this as a group we simply share the links of the resources we find without the need to meet at a certain time or place. One of many resources is based on the health issues caused by smoking cigarettes. These resources indicate the series impact of smoking cigarettes. Since smoking cigarettes is a common issues everywhere in the world, we went on UAA consortium Library website and simply typed in smoking cigarettes to search for journals to use as references. Just like we thought, the results came out to around 500 thousands articles, that was a lot, so we tried to limit some by using functions of items with full text online, and limit to articles from peer-reviews publications on the left side of the page. The articles went down to 400 thousands, which was still a lot, but good for us to use. At first, we were able to find a good reference from a book called Food and Chemical Toxicology which is published by Elsevier Ltd. This article mentions that British had already made a conclusion that about half of cigarette smokers will eventually be die of smoking for using it constantly in 1951. (1995, p.432) Although the data is really old we thought this might be important for readers to know. The dangers of cigarettes were well known back in the 90s but people somewhat still ignored the fact through another century, even up to now. After visiting the website where the source came from, it popped out a good

reference that we thought it would be useful. The article talks about how tobacco chemicals would also cause effects on the pregnant women, which would cause the women to have a miscarriage. (Samet, Lewit, and Warner, 1995) This is some information we could use, but we realized that they are not as current on the time; we need some new articles for readers to understand the recent problems and situations. We then tried limiting the year by entering 2012~2014 under the date, the articles went down to 73thousands. There are a lot of journals in the results that looked good to the point that we sometimes cannot decide which one to use for the same related topic. Finally, we found a really useful function on the left side of the page which is subject terms. It categorized the results into smoking, risk factors, health aspects, environmental health, etc. These are all similar keywords related of topics we were planning to search for. After categorizing articles they went down to under 100, which makes it a lot easier to locate our references. Over all It is a very useful database website. Results of Research Completed Results We were able to find some related topic of resources for our feasibility report. The first of two resources were based on the physical health issues caused by smoking cigarettes. These resources indicate the series impact of smoking cigarettes. However, they are too old and lacking of detailed information, so we decided to use a present journals that is related to the physical health issues by smoking tobacco cigarettes. The article we found describes how cigarette smoking is well known for causing heart disease and how one of the biggest producers of tobacco world wide is china. This article describes how a lifestyle of cigarette smoking is the most hazardous know to medicine and how it deteriorates glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes. (Elsevier, 2013) On the other hand, many people may not know that smoking cigarettes is also associate with mental issue, Depression, especially on females. The research had found that smokers tend to have a higher chance of getting the depression in both sexes, but female tend to have an higher chance of getting the depression as a smoker. This article also talks about how women who smoke while they are pregnant have a higher risk of having a baby with mental or emotional imbalance and when they would like to quit will run into problems. Even though they may have the same motivation as a regular person to quit their mental illnesses and depression may hold them down when something triggers them to smoke such as a change in mood, or the feeling of not having self-control. (Yun, Shin, Kweon, Ryu, Phee, 2013) We also found smoking prevention programs are available for parents that want to prevent their child from smoking these programs start at a young age and helps parents set no smoking rules in the house and limit cigarette availability to help keep their children smoke free. The program also helps the parents deal with the fact of their child smoking and the reactions they should take. It also talks about how having parents involved is very important because parents have the ability to influence the childs thought of smoking. (Lisha, Carmody, Humfleet, Delucchi, 2013) A study providing e-cigarettes as an alternative to regular cigarettes shows that air is much less contaminated and safer for non-smokers and that the e-cigarette is way safer for a person that smokes, and still gives them the mouth and throat feel. The e-cigarettes keep smokers from inhaling all the nicotine

that is harmful for their lives and others around them. Although the e- cigarette wasnt from the US the FDA is trying to get jurisdiction over the product. Some places reject the smoke free product while others are recruiting to it. (Keane, 2012) Some laws had made the cigarette ban and had successfully worked in the history, but some did not work out. In 1989, French passed a total ban on smoking in all bistros, but failed to tell the public what it had done. However, in Israel, 80% of citizens do not smoke since the law passed. These history could indicates that the education in society(public) effect people who choose to smoke critically, which means that the banning could be possible according to the history.(Connolly, 2012) Future Work There are some poverty issues we would have to look into based on the report of Canadians with a higher income are less likely to smoke. (Hoon, 2012). We think that there would be some other issues that would affect people with the lower income more than the other. We will evaluate whether if it would be a important elements to support our study. According to the history, there are some useful evidence of the cigarettes. We would have to print out the article that we found to understand more information about the issues that they had to face into when the law ban first came out. (Connolly, 2012) We want to evaluate the reasons why the E-cigarettes were not able to adopt the normal cigarettes. Then we would be able to determine whether if it would be affective part to help the feasible ban. (Karlikova, 2012) If needed, we could always look for more resources by using the Consortium Library website to conduct more research. Conclusion With the help of the Consortium Library website we where able to narrow down our search on articles related with our feasibility topic by entering keywords such as: smoking and cigarettes. However we will print out the articles and repots we have found to help us better organize our information and underline the main point and use our cited recourses to further our research. We were happy that we were able to locate all the articles easily through the website. References Elsevier Ltd. (1995). Food and Chemical Toxicology. Retrieved fromhttp://dx.doi.org.proxy.consortiumlibrary.org/10.1016/0278-6915(95)90273-2
Samet, J., Lewit, E., Warner, K. (1995). Current Problems in Pediatrics: Involuntary Smoking and Chilfrens Health. Restrived from http://dx.doi.org.proxy.consortiumlibrary.org/10.1016/S0045-9380(06)80033-2

Elsevier. (2013). Journal of Cardiology. Retrived from

http://dx.doi.org.proxy.consortiumlibrary.org/10.1016/j.jjcc.2013.05.010

Woo-Jun, Y., Min-Ho, S., Sun-Seog, K., So-Yeon, R., & Jung-Ae, R. (2012). Association of smoking status, cumulative smoking, duration of smoking cessation, age of starting smoking, and depression in Korean adults. BMC Public Health, 12(1), 724-730. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-724. Retrieved from

http://proxy.consortiumlibrary.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph &AN=84511690&site=ehost-live Clancy, N., Zwar, N., Richmond, R. (2013). Depression, smoking and smoking cessation: a qualitative study. Oxford University Press. Retrieved from http://fampra.oxfordjournals.org.proxy.consortiumlibrary.org/content/30/5/587.full.pdf+html Yun, Shin, Kweon, Ryu, Phee. (2013) Addictive Behaviors: Reciprocal effects of alcohol and nicotine in smoking cessation treatment studies. Elsevire. Retrieved from
http://dx.doi.org.proxy.consortiumlibrary.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.11.018

Keane, H. (2012). International Journal of Drug Policy: Nicotine control: E-cigarettes, smoking addiction. Elsevier. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org.proxy.consortiumlibrary.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2012.01.006 Connolly, G. (2013). How society treats smoking. Isr J Health. Retrieved from http://sz3sa6ce8r.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.882004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF8&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=art icle&rft.atitle=How+society+treats+smoking&rft.jtitle=Israel+journal+of+health+policy+research&rft.au =Connolly%2C+Gregory+N&rft.date=2012&rft.eissn=20454015&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft_id=info:pmid/22913416&rft.externalDocID=229134 16&paramdict=en-US KRALIKOVA, E., KUBATOVA, S., TRUNECKOVA, K., KMETOVA, A. and HAJEK, P. (2012), THE ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE: WHAT PROPORTION OF SMOKERS HAVE TRIED IT AND HOW MANY USE IT REGULARLY?. Addiction, 107: 15281529. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03916.x. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.proxy.consortiumlibrary.org/doi/10.1111/j.13600443.2012.03916.x/pdf