ELGHZIZAL’S SCRIBD DOCUMENTS

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Autoprotolyse de l’eau Et Produit ionique de l’eau
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9: 91 4 ; <= 4 0 
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= '
= 9? ,- 9? @7& &

! H2O A&BC 0 D E
&  % >F
.I ). σ = 5,5.10-6S.m-1 25°C ) 4 .I ) %G !.
 C 4EH! 5I 4

(σ = 5,9.107S.m-1 ): .C 5I
: H3O+ K.(:6 &? !>  [H3O +] = 10 - 7 mol / L 25 °C ) 7 E(& <= 4 pH

 + KH>
 "# F ; 4 A&BC L. H>+ @'(&  .C7+! : 4 A&BC B.
+
K.(:? 01 .O HO-.(:!.# 9&? 01 06 

 MF? A&BC N> H+ + A&BC

: .
 H- 5
 "# QR=& H3O+ HO- 01 .+P 5
& 4 9?  H3O+
H2O (liq) + H2O (liq)
H3O + (aq) + HO - (aq)
: U) H3O+ &? H TG& HO- &? L H 5
 "# L S
)&
25 °C ) [ H3O+ ] = [ OH - ] = 10 - 7 mol / L

: H 5 + 4 +" 5

 (21
: U. 4
 
 m =1000g U

G 25°C ) <= 4 L V = 1L 7 "FV)
m( H 2 O ) 1000
n= = ≈ 55.6mol
M ( H 2 O) 18

[ H3O+ ] eq = [ OH - ] eq = 10 - 7 mol / L : S
)
( pH =7 L

H- 2H2O (liq)
H3O + (aq) + HO - (aq)

.'  55,6mol 0 0

M>  55,6 – 2xmax xmax xmax

.%)  55,6 – 2xéq ≈ 55,6mol Xéq= 10-7mol Xéq=10-7mol

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ELGHZIZAL’S SCRIBD DOCUMENTS
: S
)
( 7 L

xmax = 27,8 mol

xeq = 10 - 7 mol
τ = xeq / xmax = 10 - 7 / 27,8 : 
‫و‬

τ = = 3,6 × 10 - 9 : IF

H 5 + P1 4 +" 5



: 4 &6 4"7 (13

2H2O (liq)
H3O + (aq) + HO - (aq)

4 +" 5

 ..G 9W

X
K =  HO −  .  H 3 O + 
éq éq

Ke‫ ب‬# $
%‫ ! اء اﻥ ء وﻥ‬K ‫ﻥ  اازن‬

Ke = 10 - 7 × 10 - 7 = 10 - 14 : 25°C & '

4"C ). 10-7mol.l-1 :   = H3O+  HO- B.:+ 9G&  . 5. '() : Y
[ H3O + ] [ HO - ] = Ke : ! C! 1 *-
+ 
X . %&B.:+

(°C) ! C!H 0 25 50 100

Ke 0,10 × 10 - 14 1,0 × 10 - 14 5,5 × 10 - 14 55 × 10 - 14

pKe = - log Ke 15 14 13,3 12,3

pH ,Z(14
:.:"+(141
[ H3O + ] = 10 – pH ⇔ pH = - log [ H3O + ]
[ HO - ] = 10 ( pH - pKe) ⇔ pH = pKe + log [ HO - ]

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ELGHZIZAL’S SCRIBD DOCUMENTS

pH ,Z (214

0 ( .R 5.) 7 (& 5.) ( & 5.) 14

pH <
pK e
⇔ pH < 7
[H3O+] = [HO-] pH 〉 7 ⇔ pH >
pK e
2 Ke = [H3O+] × [HO-] 2
:
( ‫"!
 )



א‬#
  
Ke = [H3O+]2 ( ‫
  



)


א‬
-log Ke = -log [H3O+]2
pH = -log CA pKe = 2 pH pH = 14 + log CB




‫


א‬CB



!"#‫

א‬CA pK e 14
pH = = =7
2 2

pKA  KA .R
X (II
: [&-+ (12
4 Q
 5
  K 9W

X KA \ % B 
 .R
X $-
: 
 5G] 0 @
G+ 4 Q U + H- 9^ AH
 9: P1
HA (aq) + H2O (liq)
A - (aq) + H3O +(aq)

9^ BH+
 9: P1

: 
 5G] 0 @
G+ 4 Q U + H-

BH +(aq) + H2O
B (aq) + H3O + (aq)

. pH KA .R
X  (22

 A− 
éq
pH = pK A + log : S
)
( pH = - log [ H3O + ] - L
[ ]éq
AH

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ELGHZIZAL’S SCRIBD DOCUMENTS
: .'/+ (32

H2O (liq) + HCOOH (aq)
H3O

+
(aq) + HCOO
-
: HCOOH/HCOO- ‫دوﺝ‬$‫♣ ا‬

KA = 10 - 3,7 = 1,9 × 10 – 4 U) pKA = - log KA = 3,7 25°C )

H2O (liq) + NH4

+
(aq)
H3O
+
(aq) + NH3 (aq) : HN4+ /NH3 CHB ♣

KA = 10 - 9,2 = 6,3 × 10 - 10 ‫و‬ pKA = - log KA = 9,2 25°C 

4 
CHB ♣

H2O + H2O
HO - (aq) + H3O + (aq) H2O / HO - .1

: 25 °C 

pKA1 = - log KA1 = 14 ‫و‬ KA1 = [ H3O + ] [ OH - ] = 10 – 14

H3O + (aq) + H2O
H2O + H3O + (aq) H3O + / H2O .2

KA2 = [ H3O + ] / [ H3O + ] = 1 25 °C 

pKA2 = - log KA2 = 0 ⇒

pKA ,Z (42

    _6 `Z ! (III

   _6 `Z !(13

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ELGHZIZAL’S SCRIBD DOCUMENTS
: 
 7  ).' _6 '
-

%‫* )
(
'&
א‬+‫
א‬,

pH  H 3O +  pKA
c = 1,0 × 10-2 mol.L-1 f
τ=
C
CH3COOH 3,4 0,04 4,8
+‫ﻥ‬,-‫ ا‬./
HCOOH 2,9 0,13 3,8
+‫ﻥ‬,0‫ ا‬./
H3O+ + Cl- 2 1 0
+‫ر&ر‬2‫ ا‬./

: IF

 pH 9: : ':? %) K

 '( 9G+ ; B.:
 a  % . 5.  _b '() ♣
( ':? KA c: ) .-d pKA
O c: : E?  .-d

CH3COOH < HCOOH < H3O+ + Cl- :
  H&HW

    `Z !(13

: 
 7  ).'  '
-

$0‫آ‬%‫ ا‬45‫ ﻥ‬# &'‫ا‬6‫ ا‬7‫آ‬

c = 1,0 × 10-2 mol.L-1 pH n éq ( H O − ) 10 pH − pK A pKA
τ = =
n0 ( B ) C
NH3 10,6 0,04 9,2
‫ك‬0‫أ
ﻥ‬
CH3NH2 11,3 0,20 10,7
:0
‫ أ‬70,

HO- 12 1 14
&0‫&روآ‬0‫أن ه‬
NaOH (‫)ا<دا‬

: IF

.':  pH 9: : ':? %) K

 '( 9G+ ; B.:
 a  % . 5.   '() ♣
. .': pKA
X c: : E?

NH3 ( ‫ك‬0‫ < ) أ

ﻥ‬CH3NH2 (:0
‫ن أ‬,0
) < HO- (&0‫&روآ‬0#‫)أن ا‬ :   H&HW

: ).% //=  –
 5

  9W

X (IV
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ELGHZIZAL’S SCRIBD DOCUMENTS
: 5
 9W

X (14
. NH4+ / NH3 CHB  CH3COOH / CH3COO- L.
CHB L.  –
 5 + '
-
CH3COOH(aq) + NH3 (aq)
CH3COO-(aq) + NH4+(aq) : 5
 H-
 
CH 3COO
− [ ] +
 ⋅ NH 4 eq
K= eq
: *( 5
 9W

X
 
CH 3COOH [ ]
 ⋅ NH 3 eq
eq

: )&

 − 
CH 3COO  ⋅
eq
[H3O+] eq
 NH  ⋅
 eq
[
3  H 3O + eq ]
KA1 = ; KA2 =
   NH + 
CH 3COOH   4 
eq eq

: U)

 
CH 3COO
− [ ] [
+
 ⋅ NH 4 eq H 3O + ] K A1
K= eq
×
eq ⇔ K= K

CH 3COOH

[ ] [
 ⋅ NH 3 eq
eq
+ ]
H 3O eq A2

.  –
 CHB L.

 L.) ).# D/= (24
Fe f) B.:+ L ':?   gB.:+ 9: P1 ).% ...:  9?  : [&-+ (124
9 [h: ).# 7 (224

  9^    C P1 .-d ? [.-d ER
 5: 9 [h: (
. L. 
=  U+
HIn + H2O
H3O+ + In-

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ELGHZIZAL’S SCRIBD DOCUMENTS

: Q&W
 //= (34

α ( A) =
[ A]
[ A] + [ B ] !  
 '( ( B  U+ A
 '
-
[ B]
'( E(+
 '( 9G+ pH = pKA 9G+ ) α ( A) = A + B :    '( (
[ ] [ ]
. 

: i

5
( !H  –
 &- <>=.Z

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ELGHZIZAL’S SCRIBD DOCUMENTS

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ELGHZIZAL’S SCRIBD DOCUMENTS

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