Mist formation (Yue et al 1996)

- Vaporization/condensation
Heat generated in work zone, fluid temperature rise above saturation point resulting
vapor in solid-liquid interface, this vapor then condense spontaneously generated liquid
nuclei or other foreign particles to form mist.
- Atomization
Impact between the fluid and stationary or rotary elements of the machine.
The breakup mechanism will depend upon machining process and cutting fluid
application technique.



Significant factor for PM10 and PM2.5 is effect of spindle speed
The change of fluid properties is not a substantial factor to influence the mass
concentration level of mist formed
PM 10 mass concentration was found greater in the front of the workpiece.
Workpiece diameter and x-location were not find significant in PM 2.5 experiment
Larger particle (larger than PM2.5) were mostly found in the front of workpiece and fine
particle (PM2.5) were distributed uniformly around the machine tool

Low speed rotating speed droplet formed
High speed rotating speed produce ligament at periphery and subsequently breakdown into
droplet

Drop mode
A thin fluid film cover the specimens surface. The drops separate from the edge of the
specimen when the centrifugal force exceeds the force due to surface tension.

D= droplet diameter, = fluid density, = specimens angular velocity, R= specimens radius,
=surface tension

Ligament formation mode