USN9810 V900R011 Product Description

HUAWEI USN9810 Unified Service Node
Product Description

Issue 1.0

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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HUAWEI USN9810 Unified Service Node Product Description

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Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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Contents
1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Positioning ....................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Introduction to the USN9810 ......................................................................................................................... 15
2 Architecture .................................................................................................................................. 19
2.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................................ 19
2.2 Hardware Architecture ................................................................................................................................... 19
2.3 Software Architecture ..................................................................................................................................... 24
3 Configurations ............................................................................................................................. 28
3.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................................ 28
3.2 Typical Configurations ................................................................................................................................... 28
4 Operation and Maintenance ..................................................................................................... 44
4.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................................ 44
4.2 Benefits .......................................................................................................................................................... 44
5 Technical Specification .............................................................................................................. 46
5.1 Performance Specifications ............................................................................................................................ 46
5.2 Physical Interfaces ......................................................................................................................................... 47
5.3 Clock Indexes ................................................................................................................................................. 48
5.4 Engineering Parameters .................................................................................................................................. 50
5.5 EMC Specifications ....................................................................................................................................... 51
5.6 Reliability Parameters .................................................................................................................................... 59
6 Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................... 60


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1 Introduction
1.1 Positioning
This document describes HUAWEI USN9810 V900R011.
The Huawei-proprietary USN9810 is a unified service node that can be deployed in 2.5G
general packet radio service (GPRS) systems, 3G universal mobile telecommunications
systems (UMTSs), or evolved packet core (EPC) systems.
The USN9810 is deployed at the EPC and can provide the functionalities of the serving GPRS
support node (SGSN), mobility management entity (MME), or any combination of them. It is
maintained as a single piece of equipment.
1.1.1 3GPP System Evolution
This section describes the evolution of the EPC system.
1. Introduction to existing networks
With the evolution of the radio technologies, existing networks have evolved from the
2G global system for mobile communications (GSM) to the 2.5G GPRS and lastly the
3G UMTS.
This evolution has allowed mobile communications to achieve wide area coverage,
high-speed radio data transmission, and integration with the Internet. The result is that
the consumer can enjoy diversified services like voice, data, and video applications and
"any time, any place" communication delivered in a personalized fashion.
Currently, with the robust development of services and diversification of requirements,
the 3G UMTS architecture is hindered by inherent limitations:
Insufficient support for packet switched (PS) domain network services. Generally, the
3G UMTS system is capable of supporting only non-real time services and depends
on the circuit switched (CS) domain to bear voice services. This results in separate
network operations for PS and CS, which hinders centralized network maintenance
and management and increases OM expenditures.
Low efficiency in routing and forwarding data due to excessive network layers.
Therefore, network performance needs to be improved.
Incapable of supporting multiple radio access systems. The development of service
terminals in processing capabilities and radio access capabilities provides an impetus
for the integration of multiple radio access technologies.


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2. Introduction to EPC networks
To maintain a competitive edge in future networks, the 3rd Generation Partnership
Project (3GPP) began to research the implications and long-term evolution of 3G
technology-E3G technology. E3G refers to the enhanced 3G system, which has the
following features:
The technology for the air interface in E3G is LTE.
The core network evolution program of the LTE project is SAE, also known as the
EPC.
The 3GPP EPC project is working on a long-term program to explore key technologies
in the next 10 years. According to the 3GPP evolution design, the EPC system provides
the following features:
Overall packetization of the network architecture: The all-IP network contains only
the PS. Voice services are jointly provided by the PS and the IP multimedia
subsystem (IMS), enhancing the network efficiency and performance.
Delayered network architecture: The network architecture becomes simpler so that
networks can be deployed more easily and data transmission delay is greatly reduced.
The S-GW and P-GW may be implemented in one physical node, delayering the
network.
Support for multiple access technologies: The EPC system supports interworking
with the existing 3GPP system. In addition, it supports access of users in non-3GPP
networks and provides roaming and handover between the 3GPP and non-3GPP
networks for users.
High data transmission rate: The peak rate of the downlink traffic reaches 100 Mbit/s
and the peak rate of the uplink traffic reaches 50 Mbit/s.
Fast deployment: Thanks to the simplified architecture, networks can be deployed
rapidly to adapt to the requirements of the changing services.
Enhanced real-time services: The EPC system supports real-time services and
reduces the setup time for service connections.
Figure 1-1 shows the evolution of the network architecture in the 3GPP standard.


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Figure 1-1 Evolution of the network architecture in the 3GPP standard

BTS: base transceiver station BSC: base station controller
NodeB: 3G base station RNC: radio network controller
SGSN: serving GPRS support node GGSN: gateway GPRS support node
eNodeB: evolved NodeB MME: mobility management entity
Serving Gateway: serving gateway PDN Gateway: packet data network gateway

The EPC network is designed for high-speed mobile packet data services. The network
architecture is greatly simplified. Compared with the earlier versions, the architecture is
optimized in the following ways:
The LTE base stations are directly connected to the EPS core network. The previously
independent base station controller (BSC) functions are integrated into the eNodeB.
The PS domain is restructured as follows:


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The signaling plane and forwarding plane of the SGSN are separated from each other.
The signaling function of the SGSN is implemented by the MME, and the forwarding
function of the SGSN is implemented by the S-GW.

In a version earlier than USN9810 V900R011C00, an SGSN is called a Gn/Gp SGSN. In a
version later than USN9810 V900R011C00, an SGSN is called an S4 SGSN.
The Gn/Gp SGSN inherits the SGSN functions of the 2G/3G network. The GGSN can be
connected to the GERAN or UTRAN through the Gn/Gp SGSN. The S4 SGSN is the upgraded
version of Gn/Gp SGSN. The EPC can be connected to the GERAN or UTRAN through the S4
SGSN, which supports the users' switchover between the GERAN/UTRAN and E-UTRAN.
The functions of the GGSN are provided by the P-GW.
The S-GW and P-GW may be implemented in one physical node, delayering the
network.
The network converges with the non-3GPP networks such as CDMA2000 high rate
packet data (HRPD) network, providing the interworking for various radio access
technologies as shown in Figure 1-2.
Figure 1-2 Various types of radio accesses technologies implemented by the LTE/EPC system

1.1.2 LTE/EPC Solution
In response to the latest evolution of the network architecture, Huawei provides the
corresponding LTE/EPC solution that supports different network elements (NEs) such as the
MME, S-GW, and P-GW to keep up with the development trends of multi-service
convergence and multi-access convergence.
The USN9810 is deployed at the EPC and can provide the functionalities of the SGSN, MME,
or any combination of them. It is maintained as a single piece of equipment.


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Application of the USN9810 in Huawei EPC Solution
Figure 1-3 Network environment in the Huawei LTE/EPC solution

BTS: base transceiver station BSC: base station controller
NodeB: 3G base station RNC: radio network controller
SGSN: serving GPRS support node HSS: home subscriber server
eNodeB: evolved NodeB MME: mobility management entity
Serving GW: service gateway, provided for implementing the
service forwarding between the gateways
PDN GW: PDN gateway
HSGW: HRPD serving gateway PDSN: packet data service node
PCRF: policy control and charging rules function

The serving GW is hereinafter referred to as the S-GW.
The PDN GW is hereinafter referred to as the P-GW.
The Huawei LTE/EPC solution provides the following functions:
Supporting the convergence of various 3GPP wireless networks (GERAN, UTRAN, and
E-UTRAN)
Supporting EPC and compatibility with 2G/3G protocols and service functions
Supporting the access of non-3GPP networks (CDMA2000 HRPD network) through the
Mobile IP technology


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The Huawei LTE/EPC solution supports various network architectures described in
3GPP23.401 and 3GPP23.402. Figure 1-4, Figure 1-5, Figure 1-6, and Figure 1-7 show four
typical types of network architectures. The supported interfaces and functions are subject to
this document.

3GPP23.401: GPRS enhancements for evolved universal terrestrial radio access network
(E-UTRAN) access
3GPP23.402: architecture enhancements for non-3GPP access
Figure 1-4 EPC network architecture: access of non-roaming users to the 3GPP network
UTRAN
GERAN
SGSN
MME
HSS
UE E-UTRAN S-GW P-GW
Operator's IP Services
(e.g. IMS, PSS etc.)
S1-U
S10
S11
S6a
S4
S12
S5
S3
S1-MME
LTE-Uu SGi
CG
DNS AAA Server
DNS
Ga
Ga
PCRF
Gx
Rx
Gxc

UE: user equipment E-UTRAN: evolved UMTS terrestrial radio
access network
MME: mobility management entity HSS: home subscriber server
UTRAN: UMTS terrestrial radio access
network
GERAN: GSM/EDGE radio access network
CG: charging gateway DNS: domain name server
AAA: authentication, authorization, and
accounting
PCRF: policy and charging rules function


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Figure 1-5 EPC network architecture: access of non-roaming users to the non-3GPP network

PCRF: policy and charging rules function HSS: home subscriber server
AAA: authentication, authorization, and accounting

Figure 1-6 EPC network architecture (roaming architecture for 3GPP access): home routed traffic

PCRF: policy and charging rules function HSS: home subscriber server
AAA: authentication, authorization, and accounting


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The home routed roaming mode means that a UE accesses the PDN from a home place.
Figure 1-7 EPC network architecture (roaming architecture for local breakout)

The local breakout roaming mode means that a UE accesses the PDN from a visitor place.
The LTE/EPC network consists of the following items:
UE: It is a mobile user device, initiating and receiving calls through the air interface.
E-UTRAN: It implements all functions related to the radio access.
EPC: It is the core network, consisting of the MME, S-GW, P-GW, and HSS and
connecting the external PDNs such as the Internet.
1.1.3 NE Introduction
As specified in 3GPP 23.401, the functions of the NEs in the LTE/EPC solution are described
as follows:
E-UTRAN
The E-UTRAN implements all functions related to the radio access to the LTE/EPC network,
including:
Management and establishment of radio resources
Header compression and user plane ciphering
MME selection when no route to an MME can be determined from the information
provided by the UE


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UL bearer level rate enforcement based on UE-AMBR by means of uplink scheduling
and MBR
DL bearer level rate enforcement based on UE-AMBR
UL and DL bearer level admission control
Transport level packet marking in the uplink, for example, setting the DiffServ Code
Point, based on the QoS Class Identifier (QCI) of the associated EPS bearer
MME
The MME is responsible for mobility management in the control plane, including
management of the user contexts and mobile status, and assignment of temporary identifiers.
The functions of the MME include:
NAS signaling
NAS signaling security
Inter CN node signaling for mobility between 3GPP access networks (terminating S3)
UE reachability in ECM-IDLE state (including control and execution of paging
retransmission)
Tracking Area list management
P-GW and S-GW selection
MME selection for handovers with MME change
Roaming (S6a towards home HSS)
Authentication
Bearer management functions including dedicated bearer establishment
S-GW
The S-GW is the anchor point in the user plane between different access networks. It can
shield interfaces within the 3GPP network towards different access networks. The S-GW is
the gateway that terminates the interface towards E-UTRAN.
The functions of the S-GW include:
The local mobility anchor point for inter-eNodeB handover
Assist the eNodeB reordering function during inter-eNodeB handover by sending one or
more "end marker" packets to the source eNodeB immediately after switching the path
Mobility anchoring for inter-3GPP mobility (terminating S4 and relaying the traffic
between 2G/3G system and P-GW)
ECM-IDLE mode downlink packet buffering and initiation of network triggered service
request procedure
Lawful interception
Packet routing and forwarding
Transport level packet marking in the uplink and the downlink (DSCP)
Accounting on user and QCI granularity for inter-operator charging


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P-GW
The P-GW is the anchor point in the user plane between the 3GPP access networks and
non-3GPP access networks. The P-GW is the gateway that terminates the SGi interface
towards the PDN.
The functions of the P-GW include:
Per-user based packet filtering (for example, deep packet inspection)
Lawful interception
UE IP address allocation
Transport level packet marking in the uplink and downlink
UL and DL service level charging (for example, based on SDFs defined by the PCRF, or
based on deep packet inspection defined by local policy)
UL and DL service level gating control
UL and DL service level rate enforcement (for example, by rate policing/shaping per
SDF)
UL and DL rate enforcement based on APN-AMBR (for example, by rate
policing/shaping per aggregate of traffic of all SDFs of the same UE-APN that are
associated with Non-GBR (Guaranteed Bit Rate) QCIs.
DL rate enforcement based on the accumulated MBRs of the aggregate of SDFs with the
same GBR QCI for example, by rate policing/shaping)
DHCPv4 (server and client) and DHCPv6 (server) functions
UL and DL bearer binding
UL bearer binding verification
SGSN
The LTE/EPC architecture supports the Gn/Gp SGSN and S4 SGSN.
The Gn/Gp SGSN inherits the SGSN functions of the 2G/3G network. The GGSN can be
connected to the GERAN or UTRAN through the Gn/Gp SGSN. The S4 SGSN is the
upgraded version of Gn/Gp SGSN. The EPC can be connected to the GERAN or UTRAN
through the S4 SGSN, which supports the users' switchover between the GERAN/UTRAN
and E-UTRAN.
The SGSN is an NE used to provide the packet data services. The main function of the SGSN
is to forward the IP packets from/to the UEs in its own SGSN service area. The functions of
the SGSN include:
Routing and forwarding data packets from/to all mobile users in its own SGSN area
Encryption and authentication
Session management
Mobility management
Logical link management
Bill generation and export for collecting usage information of radio resources


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HSS
The home subscriber server (HSS) stores all subscriber data related to services provided by
LTE/EPC networks.
CG
As a device on the LTE/EPC network, the CG collects, and pre-processes the charging history
records (CDRs) generated by the GGSN, S-GW and P-GW. The CG also provides an interface
to the billing center. When an LTE/EPC user accesses the Internet, several NEs generate
CDRs. Each NE may generate several CDRs. The CG pre-processes the CDRs, and then
sends them to the billing center. Thus, the work load of the billing center is reduced. If the CG
is applied in the network, the GGSN, S-GW and P-GW do not need to provide interfaces to
the billing center.
PCRF
PCRF is the policy and charging control element.
In a non-roaming scenario, there is only a single PCRF in the Home Public Land Mobile
Network (HPLMN) associated with one UE's IP-CAN session. The PCRF terminates the Rx
interface and the Gx interface.
In a roaming scenario with local breakout of traffic there may be two PCRFs associated with
one UE's IP-CAN session:
H-PCRF that resides within the H-PLMN
V-PCRF that resides within the V-PLMN
The functions of the H-PCRF include:
Terminating the Rx interface for home network services
Terminating the S9 interface for roaming with local breakout
Associating the sessions established over the multiple interfaces (S9, Rx), for the same
UE's IP-CAN session
Terminating the Gx interface for home network services in the roaming scenario
The functions of the V-PCRF include:
Terminating the Gx and S9 interfaces for roaming with local breakout
Terminating Rx for roaming with local breakout and visited operator's application
function
AAA Server
The AAA server is used for authentication, authorization, and accounting. It complies with the
Remote Authentication Dial in User Service (RADIUS) protocol. The AAA server can also be
deployed on other networks in addition to LTE/EPC networks.
3GPP AAA Server
The 3GPP AAA server is used for mobility related authentication for the switchover to
non-3GPP networks and is used to provide static QoS information for users that access the
UGW9811 through non-3GPP access networks.


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DNS
There are two types of DNS on the LTE/EPC network:
DNS located between the P-GW and the PDN
It is used to resolve the domain name of the PDN, equivalent to a common DNS on the
Internet.
DNS located on the LTE/EPC core network
When the UE requests to access an external network for packet services, the MME
requests the DNS to resolve the domain name according to the access point name (APN).
After the IP address of the corresponding P-GW is obtained, a transmission channel can
be set up between the UE and P-GW.
In mobility management procedures, such as attach and tracking area update (TAU), a
DNS is used for selecting the peer MME/SGSN.
The DNS can also be deployed on other networks in addition to GPRS/UMTS networks.
1.2 Introduction to the USN9810
The USN9810 is an MME device developed by Huawei. The USN9810 features multiple
access standards and multiple logical product types. It supports access to the GPRS, UMTS or
LTE and exists in the form of the SGSN, MME or their combined logical type.
Large Capacity and High Integration
The USN9810 supports a maximum of 12 million 4G subscribers attached at the same time.
In the case of full configuration, only two cabinets and six subracks are required.
The USN9810 supports a maximum of 12 million 2.5G or 3G subscribers attached and 2.2
million Packet Data Protocol (PDP) context activated at the same time. In the case of full
configuration, only three cabinets and eight subracks are required.
The USN9810 uses a high-speed forwarding processor to forward the data on the user plane,
which improves the processing efficiency and integration of the system. The USN9810
configured for 2.5G subscribers supports data forwarding at a maximum of 3.6 Gbit/s. The
USN9810 configured for 3G subscribers supports data forwarding at a maximum of 20 Gbit/s.
Advanced ATCA Platform
Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture (ATCA) is a hardware standard. It is
the name of the architecture standard for the hardware platform rather than the name of a
specific product.
Developed on the basis of the CPCI standard, ATCA meets new requirements of the telecom
industry. Compared with CPCI, ATCA possesses the following features:
Providing powerful processing capability, that is, providing sufficient bandwidth, faster
calling rate and loading rate of the processor, and improved running efficiency to meet
the current and future requirements.
Enhancing the reliability of the system by separating the management platform, the
control plane, and the service plane, all with a point-to-point structure.


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Providing large space in boards. The hot-swappable advanced mezzanine card (AMC)
will be supported in the future. Thus, the embedded application, server application, and
digital signal processing (DSP) array can be flexibly combined to meet the application
requirements for different capacities.
1. Hardware Platform
The USN9810 V900R001 uses the internal open standards telecom architecture (OSTA 2.0)
platform of Huawei. Based on the ATCA technology, OSTA 2.0 provides high rate, high
reliability, and high scalability.
The OSTA 2.0 hardware platform stipulates a series of specifications related to boards and
software for the next generation telecom devices. Based on the ATCA standard architecture
and conforming to the network equipment building system (NEBS) and European
telecommunications standards institute (ETSI) standards, the platform has the following
features:
High rate
The high-speed serial data link and switched structure are used. Thus, the data exchange
bandwidth intra-subrack can reach 2.5 Tbit/s.
High reliability
All boards and subboards are hot swappable. In addition, redundancy is implemented on
all key components, such as power supply, fan, management module, and board of each
type. Thus, the reliability of the system reaches 99.999%.
High scalability
The USN9810 supports the addition of the interfaces on the ATCA board and cascading
between subracks through the interface board within a subrack.
Efficient management
The standard management bus is used, which can manage any part in the system.
2. Software Platform
The USN9810 V900R001 uses the embedded software platform, namely, carrier grade
platform (CGP), which is universally used by the core network products of Huawei. The CGP
has the features such as cross-hardware platform, cross-operating system, and easy
maintenance.
Cross-hardware platform
A uniform interface of the hardware platform is provided, which implements the
operation of upper-layer applications on different hardware platforms. Thus, the
hardware management is independent of the hardware platform.
Cross-operating system
Different interfaces of the operating system at the lower layer are shielded. Instead, a
uniform virtual operating system application programming interface (VOS API) is
provided for upper-layer applications.
Easy maintenance
The implementation mechanisms of the functions such as operation and maintenance,
alarm management, performance measurement, call and signaling tracing, data backup,
board switchover, and online loading are provided for upper-layer applications.


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Easy Operation and Maintenance
The operation and maintenance (OM) system of the USN9810 has the following features:
Flexible OM methods
The OM system can be flexibly built according to the network structure and customer
requirements. Multiple maintenance interfaces are supported, including the interfaces to
the local maintenance terminal (LMT) and the Huawei centralized network management
system iManager M2000. Through the Common Object Request Broker Architecture
(CORBA) interface provided by the iManager M2000, flexible network management can
be implemented.
Maintenance interface combining MML and GUI
The interface is characteristic of easy and quick operations provided by man-machine
language (MML) in addition to vivid display and easy memory provided by graphic user
interface (GUI).
Powerful signaling trace
The USN9810 provides the S1-AP, S11 and Gn/Gp interfaces for signaling trace. In
addition, it supports hierarchical signaling trace according to the protocol. The USN9810
can also interpret and filter tracing messages.
Online software patching
Software problems can be solved online without impacting services. In addition, you can
perform remote and rollback operations.
High Reliability
The USN9810 is highly reliable because of the following features:
Backup of important data
The USN9810 automatically backs up important data, such as the configuration data,
performance data, and operation logs.
Operation security management
Different management privileges are assigned to different users. During the user login,
the USN9810 checks the user identity. After the user login, the USN9810 maintains the
complete operation to ensure system security.
Hardware redundancy design
All critical boards are configured in the 1+1 backup to ensure the high reliability of the
system.
Fault prevention
The USN9810 provides protection mechanisms to avoid the following system faults:
System power off
Maloperation on the system power switch
Lightning surge on the system power
High voltage and low voltage
Short circuit of power supply
Current surge and high voltage on the power supply and interfaces
System overload control


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In the case of center processing unit (CPU) overload or resource congestion, the
USN9810 adjusts the traffic smoothly to avoid system down.
Board lock and unlock, process lock and unlock
The board and process lock function stops access to new services as required and
gradually removes the existing services within a certain period. The board and process
unlock function, however, provides access to new services.


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2 Architecture
2.1 Overview
The system structure of the USN9810 includes hardware structure and software structure.
2.2 Hardware Architecture
The USN9810 uses the Huawei OSTA 2.0 hardware platform, which is based on ATCA. The
physical structure of the platform consists of cabinets, subracks, and boards.
Introduction to the Cabinet
As a cabinet-type device, the USN9810 uses the Huawei N68E-22 cabinet. The available
space of the cabinet is 46 U (1 U = 44.45 mm = 1.75 inch). The cabinet, composed of the
power distribution frame (PDF), OSTA 2.0 subrack, cabling frame, filler panel, rack, and slide
rail, enables the internal modules to be flexibly configured.


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Figure 2-1 Appearance of the cabinet

The N68E-22 cabinet is a 19-inch cabinet of the standard industrial structure. It conforms to
the following international standards:
IEC60297-1, Dimensions of mechanical structures of the 482.6 mm (19 in) series Part
1:Panels and racks
2:Cabinets and pitches of rack structures
3:Subracks and associated plug-in units
Introduction to Subracks
The USN9810 subracks are classified into the basic subrack and the service subrack.
The OMU board is configured in the basic subrack. In the basic subrack, the back board of the
SWU board is the TMI board. In the service subrack, the back board of the SWU board is the
TSI board.
The board area of a subrack has 14 slots at the front and rear sides respectively. Boards can be
inserted from both the front side and the rear side of the subrack. The front boards, switching


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unit (SWU) boards and the corresponding back boards, time master interface (TMI)/time
slave interface (TSI) boards occupy slots 6 and 7. Other slots, namely, slots 0 to 5 and slots 8
to 13 are the slots for universal services.
Two subrack management unit (SMU) boards and two subrack data manage (SDM) boards
exist at the bottom of the subrack. The SMU board and the SDM board are mutually inserted
from the front side and the rear side. The SMU board is located at the front side of the subrack
and the SDM board is located at the rear side of the subrack.
Figure 2-2 shows the front view of the OSTA 2.0 subrack. Figure 2-3 shows the rear view of
the OSTA 2.0 subrack.
Figure 2-2 Front view of the OSTA 2.0 subrack

1 Board slot
2 Fan frame (with an air intake vent)
3 SMU board slot

Figure 2-3 Rear view of the OSTA 2.0 subrack

1. Air exhaust vent 2. Interface board slot
3. Cable trough 4. Power distribution module
5. SDM board slot

Figure 2-4 and Figure 2-5show the typical configurations of the basic subrack and the service
subrack.


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Figure 2-4 Typical configuration of the basic subrack.


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Figure 2-5 Typical configuration of the service subrack

Back boards are in the upper part and front boards are in the lower part.
Introduction to Boards
Table 2-1 lists the boards of different types.
Table 2-1 Boards of different types
Physical Board Position Function
Operation and
Maintenance Unit
(OMU)
Front board Responsible for operation and maintenance
Enhanced Control Plane
Unit (ECU)
Front board Responsible for processing the service on the
control plane and charging
Enhanced Packet
Forward Unit (EPU)
Front board Responsible for processing the service on the
user plane
Switch Unit (SWU) Front board Providing the basic function such as layer 2
switching for the GE interfaces of the Base
plane and Fabric plane inside a subrack and
between subracks
Time Master Interface
(TMI)
Back board Back board of the SWU board, which is used
for cascading between subracks and distributing
clocks


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Physical Board Position Function
Time Slave Interface
(TSI)
Back board Back board of the SWU board, which is used
for cascading between subracks and receiving
clocks
Subrack Management
Unit(SMU)
Front board Used to manage and maintain the devices inside
the subrack
Subrack Data
Management (SDM)
Back board Back board of the SUM board, which is used to
store device archives
Universal Service
Interface (USI)
Back board Back board of the OMU board, which provides
precise time and maintenance for the GE
interface
Packet Forward
Interface (PFI)
Back board Implementing the access of the broadband
interfaces such as ATM, POS, and GE together
with the interface processing subboard. A
broadband interface back board supports two
interface processing subboards. The processing
subboards can be the ATM/POS interface
processing subboard, FE/GE electrical interface
processing subboard, or GE optical interface
processing subboard.
Ethernet Electric
Interface PMC Card
(EEC)
Subboard Subboard of the PFI board, which provides
100M/1000M adaptive Ethernet electric
interfaces
Ethernet Fiber Interface
PMC Card (EFC)
Subboard Subboard of the PFI board, which provides
1000M adaptive Ethernet optical interfaces

2.3 Software Architecture
The USN9810 uses a distributed software structure. The functional modules of the software
are distributed in different types of boards and can be flexibly configured to meet the
requirements of network application. Based on the software location, the USN9810 software
consists of the host software and the background administration module (BAM) software.
Figure 2-6 shows the software structure of the USN9810.


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Figure 2-6 Software structure of the USN9810
Configuration management
Performance management
CDR management
Operating system
Middleware
Communication
Device
management
Signal interface
and bearer
Protocol processing
Service processing Database
Alarm management
Maintenance management
Operating system
Middleware
Host software BAM software
Communication
Configuration management
Performance management
Alarm management
Maintenance management
GUI
MML

Host Software
The host software runs on different boards. It implements functions such as signaling access
and processing, service control, resource management, and charging information generation.
In response to specific commands, the host software also performs the following operations
such as data management, device management, alarm management, performance statistics,
and signaling trace on the host in cooperation with the BAM software.

The host software adopts a hierarchical and modular design. From bottom to top, its
components are the operating system, middleware, and various applications.
1. Operating System
The operating system of the host software is Linux, which is a real-time operating system.
2. Middleware
The middleware technology (DOPRA) is applied to the operating system and applications of
the USN9810. Thus, the upper-layer service software is irrelevant to the lower-layer operating
system.
The middleware facilitates the migration of software functions between different platforms.
Thus, new and stable product versions are released quickly as the service software is rarely
changed.
3. Applications
The application is the functional part of the USN9810 software. Loaded with different
applications, boards can provide different functions. The USN9810 applications can be
classified into the following types:
Signaling bearer software: Implements the access of broadband and narrowband
signaling and processing of the lower-layer protocols
Service processing software: Performs signaling processing, session management,
mobility management, and resource management
Database software: Manages device data and dynamic subscriber data
System support software: Implements system management and device interconnection


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OM software: Receives the operation commands from the OMU and reports the
command results to the OMU
BAM Software
The BAM software runs on the OMU, LMT, and Web UI. Along with the host software, it
provides the man-machine interface, which enables the maintenance personnel to implement
the following functions: data management, device management, alarm management,
performance statistics, signaling trace, and CDR management.
The BAM software adopts the client/server model. It consists of the OMU server software,
LMT software, and Web UI software. The OMU server software is installed on the OMU. The
LMT software and Web UI software is installed on the client, namely, a PC.
1. OMU server software
The OMU server software runs on the OMU board. As a combination of the communication
server and the database server, the OMU server software forwards OM commands from
different workstations to the host and sends responses or command results to the
corresponding workstations. The OMU server software serves as the essential unit of the
OAM software.
The OMU server software runs on the Linux operating system and uses the Oracle as the
database platform. It provides functions of the terminal OAM software through multiple
parallel service processes, such as maintenance process, data management process, alarm
process, and performance statistical process. Figure 2-7 shows the relation between the OMU
server software, operating system, and database platform.
Figure 2-7 Relations between the OMU server software, operating system, and database platform
OMU server software
Linux
Oracle
Application layer
Operating system layer

2. LMT software
The LMT software runs on a workstation. Serving as a client, the LMT software is connected
to the OMU, serving as a server, in client/server mode. The LMT software provides
MML-based graphical terminals. A workstation can be located locally or remotely. For
example, a remote workstation can be connected to the OMU server through a wide area
network (WAN) in dial-up mode.


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In addition, you can perform the following maintenance functions on a workstation: data
maintenance, device management, alarm management, performance statistics, call trace, and
signaling trace.
3. Web UI software
The Web UI software is namely the Web client. You can use the Web browser, such as IE
browser, to perform performance management and traffic statistics. In addition, the Web
browser can also be used during upgrade.


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3 Configurations
This section describes three typical configurations of the USN9810 V900R001. It also
describes the technical specifications of each configuration.
3.1 Overview
The USN9810 V900R001 has the following typical configurations:
Minimum typical configuration
Single subrack typical configuration
Single-cabinet typical configuration
Maximum typical configuration
3.2 Typical Configurations
Minimum Configuration (4G)
Figure 3-1 shows the minimum configuration of the USN9810.


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Figure 3-1 Minimum configuration

Table 3-1 lists the board name and quantity for the minimum configuration.
Table 3-1 Board name and quantity for the minimum configuration
Board Name Board Quantity
SMU 2
SDM (Not show in the figure) 2
OMU 2


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ECU 2
EPU 2
SWU 2
USI 2
PFI 2
TMI 2

Table 3-2 lists the technical specifications of the USN9810 when the USN9810 is in the
minimum configuration.
Table 3-2 Specifications of the minimum configuration
User attach in the same time MME Bearer in the same time
0.5 million 1 million

Minimum Configuration (2G/3G)
Figure 3-2 shows the minimum configuration of the USN9810.


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Figure 3-2 Minimum configuration

Table 3-3 lists the board name and quantity for the minimum configuration.
Table 3-3 Board name and quantity for the minimum configuration
SMM 2
SDM(Not show in the figure) 2


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OMU 2
ECU 2
EPU 2
SWU 2
USI 2
ETI 2
PFI 2
TMI 2

Table 3-4 lists the technical specifications of the USN9810 when the minimum configuration
is used.
Table 3-4 Specifications of the USN9810 when the minimum configuration is used
User Attach at
the Same Time
PDP Active at
the Same Time
UMTS
Throughput
GPRS
Throughput
0.5 million 1 million 2 Gbit/s 150 Mbit/s

Single-Subrack Full Configuration (4G)
Figure 3-3 shows the single-subrack configuration of the USN9810.


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Figure 3-3 Single-subrack configuration

Table 3-5 lists the board name and quantity for the single-subrack configuration.
Table 3-5 Board name and quantity for the single-subrack configuration
SUM 2
OMU 2


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ECU 8
EPU 2
SWU 2
USI 2
PFI 2
TMI 2

Table 3-6 lists the technical specifications of the USN9810 when the single-subrack
configuration is used.
Table 3-6 Specifications of the USN9810 when the single-subrack configuration is used
User Attach at the Same Time MME Bearer at the Same Time
2 million 4 million

Single-Subrack Full Configuration (2G/3G)
Figure 3-4 shows the single-subrack full configuration of the USN9810.



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Figure 3-4 Single-subrack full configuration

Table 3-7 lists the board name and quantity for the single-subrack full configuration.
Table 3-7 Board name and quantity for the single-subrack full configuration
SMM 2
OMU 2
ECU 8


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EPU 2
SWU 2
USI 2
ETI 8
PFI 2
TMI 2

Table 3-8 lists the technical specifications of the USN9810 when the single-subrack full
Table 3-8 Specifications of the USN9810 when the single-subrack full configuration is used
User Attach at
the Same Time
PDP Active at
the Same Time
UMTS
Throughput
GPRS
Throughput
2 millions 1 millions 2 Gbit/s 640 Mbit/s

Single-cabinet Full Configuration (4G)
Figure 3-5 shows the single-cabinet configuration of the USN9810.


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Figure 3-5 Single-cabinet configuration

Table 3-9 lists the board name and quantity for the single-cabinet configuration.
Table 3-9 Board name and quantity for the single-cabinet configuration
SMU 6
OMU 2


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ECU 24
EPU 6
SWU 6
USI 2
PFI 6
TMI 2
TSI 4

Table 3-10 lists the technical specifications of the USN9810 when the single-cabinet
Table 3-10 Specifications of the USN9810 when the single-cabinet configuration is used
6 million 12 million

Single-cabinet Full Configuration (2G/3G)
Figure 3-6 shows the single-cabinet full configuration of the USN9810.



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Figure 3-6 Single-cabinet full configuration

Table 3-9 lists the board name and quantity for the single-cabinet full configuration.
Table 3-11 Board name and quantity for the single-cabinet full configuration
SMM 6
OMU 2
ECU 24


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EPU 10
SWU 6
USI 2
ETI 24
PFI 10
TMI 2
TSI 4

Table 3-12 lists the technical specifications of the USN9810 when the single-cabinet full
Table 3-12 Specifications of the USN9810 when the single-cabinet full configuration is used
User Attach at
the Same Time
PDP Active at
the Same Time
UMTS
Throughput
GPRS
Throughput
6 millions 10 millions 10 Gbit/s 1.92 Gbit/s

Maximum Configuration (4G)
Figure 3-7 shows the maximum configuration of the USN9810.


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Figure 3-7 Maximum configuration

Table 3-13 lists the board name and quantity for the maximum configuration.
Table 3-13 Board name and quantity for the maximum configuration
SMU 12
OMU 2
ECU 48
EPU 12
SWU 12
USI 2
PFI 12


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TMI 2
TSI 10

Table 3-14 lists the technical specifications of the USN9810 when the maximum
Table 3-14 Specifications of the USN9810 when the maximum configuration is used
Maximum Configuration (2G/3G)
Figure 3-8 shows the maximum three-cabinet full configuration of the USN9810.


Figure 3-8 Maximum three-cabinet full configuration


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Table 3-13 lists the board name and quantity for the maximum three-cabinet full
configuration.
Table 3-15 Board name and quantity for the maximum three-cabinet full configuration
SMM 16
OMU 2
ECU 48
EPU 44
SWU 16
USI 2
ETI 48
PFI 44
TMI 2
TSI 14

Table 3-14 lists the technical specifications of the USN9810 when the maximum three-cabinet
full configuration is used.
Table 3-16 Specifications of the USN9810 when the maximum three-cabinet full configuration is
used
User Attach at
the Same Time
PDP Active at
the Same Time
UMTS
Throughput
GPRS
Throughput
12 millions 22 millions 20 Gbit/s 3.84 Gbit/s


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4 Operation and Maintenance
The USN9810 offers abundant services and functions, and meets the requirements of multiple
networks and operations.
4.1 Overview
This part briefs the operation and maintenance system in the network, interfaces, and
functions.
4.2 Benefits
The operation and maintenance (O&M) system of the USN9810 has the following features:
Flexible O&M methods
The O&M system can be flexibly built according to the network structure and customer
requirements. Multiple maintenance interfaces are supported, including the interfaces to
the local maintenance terminal (LMT), the Huawei centralized network management
system iManager M2000. Through the Common Object Request Broker Architecture
(CORBA) interface provided by the iManager M2000, more network management
requirements can be fulfilled.
Friendly user interfaces
The USN9810 provides O&M interfaces that combines the merits of both man-machine
language (MML) and graphic user interface (GUI).
Web UI-based maintenance operation and performance browse
The Web UI-based maintenance operation and performance browse are added. That is,
certain maintenance operations and performance browse are implemented on the Web.
Powerful signaling tracing
The USN9810 provides interface tracing, subscriber tracing, and entire-process tracing.
It is a powerful tool for equipment maintenance.
Interface tracing tasks can be performed on interfaces such as the Gb, Iu, Gn, Gp, Gs, Gd,
Gr, Ga, S1-MME, S6a, S10, and S11 interface or performed for the protocols such as
SCCP, MTP3B, SAAL, DIAMETER, and S1AP.


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The subscriber tracing traces the messages of the specified IMSI or mobile station
international ISDN number (MSISDN).
The entire-process tracing traces how the packets with specified characteristics are
transmitted between modules and calculate the number of packets of the same
characteristics processed in each module. This is used to locate the problems during
packet transmission such as protocol handling errors, packet loss, delay, packet fault, or
sequence disorder.
Operators can save the trace results to handle any queries in the future.
Configuration rollback
The configuration rollback in batches is supported. Only one rollback point can be set.
One-key upgrade and installation
Software patching in function level
Through online software patching, software errors can be solved without interrupting
services. The USN9810 also supports remote patching and version fallback.


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5 Technical Specification
The technical specifications of the USN9810 mainly include performance specifications,
clock indexes, physical interfaces, engineering parameters, and reliability parameters.
5.1 Performance Specifications
Table 5-1 and 0 list the performance specifications of the USN9810.
Table 5-1 Performance specifications of the USN9810 (4G)
Parameter Value
Number of subscribers supported by the system 12 million
Number of bearers supported by the system 24 million
Number of bearers activated by a UE at the same time 11
Number of eNodeBs supported by the system 50,000
Number of S-GWs and P-GWs supported by the system at the
same time
3,000

Table 5-2 Performance specifications of the USN9810 (2.5G/3G)
Name Value (2.5G) Value (3G)
Maximum number of attached subscribers 12 million 12 million
Maximum number of PDP context can be activated
at the same time
Maximum packet data transfer capacity (pps) 1.1 million 12 million
Maximum packet data transfer flow 3.6 Gbit/s 48 Gbit/s


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5.2 Physical Interfaces
Error! Reference source not found. lists the types and numbers of external physical
interfaces provided by the USN9810.
Table 5-3 Physical interfaces provided by the USN9810
Interfaces Physical Characteristics Protocol Maximum
ports
S1-MME/S6a/
S10/S11/S3/S
Gs/S4/Sv

GEGigabit
Ethernet
IP/MAC 384
FEFast Ethernet
IP/MAC 384
Iu Gigabit
Ethernet(GE)
IP/MAC 384
10 Gigabit Ethernet
(10GE)
IP/MAC 48
Fast Ethernet(FE) IP/MAC 384
STM-1
(single-mode and
multi-mode)
ATM 384
STM-4
(single-mode and
multi-mode)
ATM 192
Gn, Gp, Ga,
X1-1, X2, and
X3
GE IP/MAC 384
10GE IP/MAC 48
FE IP/MAC 384
STM-1 IP over ATM (IPOA) 384
STM-4 IPOA 192
Gb E1/T1 FR 1536
GE IP/MAC 384
FE IP/MAC 384
10GE IP/MAC 48
Channelized STM-1 FR 96
SS7 E1/T1 SS7 100 2 Mbit/s
signaling links or
1,600 64 kbit/s
signaling links
Channelized STM-1 SS7 48


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Interfaces Physical Characteristics Protocol Maximum
ports
GE IP/MAC 384
FE IP/MAC 384
10GE IP/MAC 48
O&M FE IP 2

The USN9810 supports a maximum of 384 FE and GE interfaces.
5.3 Clock Indexes
Table 5-4 lists the primary technical parameters of the clock system in the USN9810.
Table 5-4 Technical parameters of the clock system in the USN9810
Sequence
No.
Name Index and Function
1 Clock
network-e
ntry
parameters
Minimum
accuracy
Stratum-2: 4 x 10
-7

Stratum-3: 4.6 x 10
-6

Pull-in range Stratum-2: 4 x 10
-7

Stratum-3: 4.6 x 10
-6

Maximum
frequency
deviation
Stratum-2: 5 x 10
-10
per day
Stratum-3: 2 x 10
-8
per day
Initial
maximum
frequency
deviation
Stratum-2: less than 5 x 10
-10
per day
Stratum-3: less than 1 x 10
-8
per day
2 Long-term
phase
Ideal
working state
MRTIE 1 ms


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Sequence
No.
Name Index and Function
variation
Hold-in
working state
MRTIE (ns) a x s + (1/2) x b x s2 +
c
Where s refers to the time whose units
is second, and the unit of MRTIE is
ns.
Stratum-2:
a = 0.5
b = 1.16 x 10-5
c = 1000
Stratum-3:
a = 10
b = 2.3 x 10-4
c = 1000
3 Working
modes of
the clock

Fast tracking

Tracing

Retaining

Free running
4 Input jitter
tolerance
For details, see Figure 5-1.


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Minimum accuracy: maximum deviation value of nominal frequency in a long period (20 years) without
external frequency benchmark, that is, the clock is in free running state.
Maximum frequency deviation: a maximum value of the clock's relative frequency change in a UI
during a consecutive operation process.
Pull-in range: maximum frequency bandwidth of the input signal locked by a clock
MRTIE: The MRTIE extracts the offset that appears in measurements performed with local reference
clocks.
Figure 5-1 Maximum permissible lower limit of input jitter and wander

When the jitter frequency of an input frequency is 1 kHz and the amplitude is more than 1.5
UI, you can infer that the input signal meets the requirements if the system operates normally.

UI refers to the unit of time interval. One UI equals the reciprocal of the frequency of the digital signal.
For example, the UI of the 2.048 Mbit/s signal is 488 ns.
5.4 Engineering Parameters
5.4.1 Power Input and Typical Power Consumption
Table 5-5 Power input and typical power consumption of the USN9810
Parameter Value
Power Input -40 V to -57 V DC
Power consumption for full configuration of
one subrack
1700 W
Maximum power consumption 3 cabinets with 9 subracks (1 pair of
OMUs, 24 pairs of ECUs, and 24 pairs of
EPUs): 14,650 W
Y (UI)
10
2
X
A
0
=36.9
10
1
A
1
=1.5
A
2
=0.2
1.2 10
- 5
1
10 20 2.4 k 18 k 100 k f (Hz)
10
-1
Peak-to-peak jitter and wander amplitude (logarithm)
Slope: 20dB / 10 times of frequency interval


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5.4.2 Dimensions and Weight of a Cabinet
Table 5-6 lists the dimensions and weight of a USN9810 cabinet.
Table 5-6 Dimensions and weight of a USN9810 cabinet
Parameter Value
Cabinet dimensions (H x W x D) 2200 mm x 600 mm x 800 mm
Cabinet weight 100 kg (with empty cabinet), < 400 kg (with full
configuration)

5.4.3 Noise
Table 5-6 lists the noise of a USN9810.
Table 5-7 Noise of a USN9810
Parameter Value
Noise (acoustic power) 72 dBA at 23C (The noise varies with the
ambient temperature.)

5.5 EMC Specifications
The USN9810 complies with the following electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
specifications:
ETSI EN 300 386V1.3.3: 2005
AS/NZS CISPR 22: 2004
CISPR 22: 2002 CLASSA
EN 55022: 1998 + A1: 2000+A2: 2003 CLASSA
EN 55024:1998 + A1:2001 + A2:2003
FCC part 15:2006
VCCI V-3: 2006
CISPR 24: 1997


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5.5.1 Environment Requirements
5.5.2 Storage Environment
Climatic Requirements
Table 5-8 lists the climatic requirements.
Table 5-8 Climatic requirements
Item Range
Altitude 5000 m
Air pressure 70 kPa106 kPa
Temperature
-40 to +70
Temperature change rate
1/min
Relative humidity 10%100%
Solar radiation 1120 W/s
Heat radiation 600 W/s
Wind speed 30 m/s

Biological Requirements
The biological requirements of the USN9810 in storage are as follows:
The environment should not be conducive for the growth of fungus or mildew.
There should be no rodents such as rats.
Air Purity Requirements
The air purity requirements of the USN9810 in storage are as follows:
The air must be free of explosive, conductive, magnetic conductive, or corrosive dust.
The density of physically active materials must comply with the requirements listed in
Table 5-9.
Table 5-9 Requirements for the density of physically active materials
Physically Active
Material
Unit Density
Suspended dust mg/m 5.00
Falling dust mg/m h 20.0


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Physically Active
Material
Unit Density
Sand mg/m 300
Note:
Suspended dust: diameter 75 m
Falling dust: 75 m diameter 150 m
Sand: 150 m diameter 1,000 m

The density of chemically active materials must comply with the requirements listed in
Table 5-10.
Table 5-10 Requirements for the density of chemically active materials
Chemically Active
Material
Unit Density
SO
2
mg/m
0.301.00
H
2
S mg/m
0.100.50
NO
2
mg/m
0.501.00
NH
3
mg/m
1.003.00
Cl
2
mg/m
0.100.30
HCl mg/m
0.100.50
HF mg/m
0.010.03
O
3
mg/m
0.050.10

Mechanical Stress Requirements
Table 5-11 lists the mechanical stress requirements
Table 5-11 Mechanical stress requirements
Item Sub-Item Range
Sinusoidal
vibration
Offset 7.0 mm -
Accelerated speed - 20.0 m/s
Frequency range 2 Hz to 9 Hz 9 Hz to 200 Hz
Unsteady impact Impact response
spectrum II
250 m/s


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Item Sub-Item Range
Static payload 5 kPa
Note:
Impact response spectrum: refers to the maximum acceleration response curve generated by
the equipment under specified impact excitation.
Static payload: refers to the capability of the equipment to bear the pressure from the top when it is
packed in the stack method.

Waterproof Requirements
Table 5-12 lists the waterproof requirements
Table 5-12 Waterproof requirements
Item Requirement
Being stored
indoors
(recommended)

Water should not accumulate on the ground or fall on the package.

The equipment should be located away from water sources such as
hydrant and air-conditioner.
Being stored
outdoors

The package is intact.

Waterproof measures are taken to prevent water penetration.

Measures are taken to prevent exposure to sunlight from damaging the
package

Water does not accumulate on the ground or fall on the package.

5.5.3 Transport Environment
Table 5-13 lists the climatic requirements.
Table 5-13 Climatic requirements
Item Range
Altitude 5,000 m
Air pressure 70 kPa to 106 kPa
Temperature -40 to +70
Temperature change rate 1 /min
Relative humidity
5%100%
Solar radiation 1,120 W/s


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Item Range
Wind speed 30 m/s
Rainfall 6 mm/min

The biological requirements of the USN9810 in transport are as follows:
The environment should not be conducive for the growth of fungus or mildew.
There should be no rodents such as rats.
The air purity requirements of the USN9810 in transport are as follows:
The air must be free of explosive, conductive, magnetic conductive, or corrosive dust.
The density of physically active materials must comply with the requirements listed in
Table 5-14.
Physically Active
Material
Unit Density
Suspended dust mg/m -
Sand mg/m 100
Note:

The density of chemically active materials must comply with the requirements listed in
Table 5-15.
Chemically Active
Material
Unit Density
SO
2
mg/m 1.00
H
2
S mg/m 0.50


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Chemically Active
Material
Unit Density
NO
2
mg/m 1.00
NH
3
mg/m 3.00
Cl
2
mg/m 0.30
HCl mg/m 0.05
HF mg/m 0.03
O
3
mg/m 0.10

Table 5-16 lists the mechanical stress requirements.
Item Sub-Item Range
Sinusoidal
vibration
Offset 7.5mm - -
Accelerated
speed
- 20.0 m/s 40.0 m/s
Frequency range 2 Hz to 9 Hz 9 Hz to 200 Hz 200 Hz to 500
Hz
Random
vibration
Spectrum
density of
accelerated
speed
10 m/s 3 m/s 1 m/s
Frequency range 2 Hz to 9 Hz 9 Hz to 200 Hz 200 Hz to 500
Hz
spectrum II
300 m/s
Static payload 10 kPa
Note:


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Waterproof Requirements
The waterproof requirements of the USN9810 in transport are as follows:
The package is intact.
Waterproof measures are taken to prevent water penetration.
No water is accumulated in the vehicle.
5.5.4 Operating Environment
Table 5-17 lists the requirements for temperature and humidity.
Table 5-17 Requirements for temperature and humidity
Device Name Temperature Relative Humidity
Long-Term
Operation
Short-Term
Operation
Long-Term
Operation
Short-Term
Operation
USN9810
0 to +45 -5 to +55
5% to 85% 5% to 95%
Note:
Temperature and humidity of the USN9810 are measured 1.5 meters above the floor and 0.4
meters away from the front side of the rack, without protection boards at both the front side
and the rear side of the rack.
Short-term operation means that the continuous working hours do not exceed 48 hours or the total
working days each year not exceed 15 days.

Table 5-18 lists other climatic requirements.
Table 5-18 Other climatic requirements
Item Range
Altitude 4000 m
Air pressure 70 kPa to 106 kPa
Temperature change rate
5/min
Solar radiation 700 W/s
Wind speed 1 m/s
IP grade IP50


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The biological requirements of the USN9810 in operation are as follows:
1. The environment should not be conducive for the growth of fungus or mildew.
2. There should be no rodents such as rats.
The air purity requirements of the USN9810 in operation are as follows:
1. The air must be free of explosive, conductive, magnetic conductive, or corrosive dust.
2. The density of physically active materials must comply with the requirements listed in
Table 5-19.
Physically Active
Material
Unit Density
Dust particles Particle/m 3 x 10
5

Suspended dust mg/m 0.2
Sand mg/m 30
Note:
Dust particles: diameter 5 m

3. The density of chemically active materials must comply with the requirements listed in
Table 5-20.
Chemically Active
Material
Unit Density
SO
2
mg/m 0.30-1.00
H
2
S mg/m 0.10-0.50
NO
2
mg/m 0.50-1.00
NH
3
mg/m 1.00-3.00
Cl
2
mg/m 0.10-0.30
HCl mg/m 0.10-0.50


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Chemically Active
Material
Unit Density
HF mg/m 0.01-0.03
O
3
mg/m 0.05-0.10
CO mg/m 5.0

Table 5-21 lists the mechanical stress requirements.
Item Sub-Item Range
Sinusoidal
vibration
Offset 5.0mm -
Accelerated speed - 2.0m/s
Frequency range
5 Hz62 Hz 62 Hz200 Hz
spectrum II
50 m/s
Static payload 0
Note:

5.6 Reliability Parameters
Table 5-22 lists the reliability parameters of the USN9810.
Table 5-22 Reliability parameters of the USN9810
Name Value
System availability in typical
configuration
99.999%
Mean time between failures (MTBF) 300000 hours
Mean time to repair (MTTR) 60 minutes
Redundancy backup mechanism 1+1 backup


Issue 1.0
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6 Acronyms and Abbreviations
Abbreviations English Definition
3
3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project

A
AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting
ADMF Administration Function
AF Assured Forwarding
APN Access Point Name
ATCA Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode

B
BFD Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
BM-SC Broadcast Multicast Service Centre
BSC Base Station Controller

C
CC Content of Communication
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
CG Charging Gateway
CHR Call History Record


Issue 1.0
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CMM Capability Maturity Model
CN Core Network
CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture
CPCI Compact Peripheral Component Interconnect
CPU Center Processing Unit

D
DF Delivery Function
DF2 Delivery Function 2
DF3 Delivery Function 3
DiffServ Differential Services
DL Down link
DNS Domain Name Service
DOPRA Distributed Object-Oriented Programmable Real-Time
Architecture
DPI Deep Packet Inspection
DSCP Differentiated Services Code Point
DSP Destination Signaling Point

E
ECM EPS Connection Management
ECU Enhanced Control Plane Unit
EDGE Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution
EEC Ethernet Electric Interface PMC Card
EFC Ethernet Fiber Interface PMC Card
EIR Equipment Identification Register
eNodeB Evolved NodeB
EPC Evolved Packet Core
EPS Evolved Packet System
EPU Enhanced Packet forward Unit


Issue 1.0
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ETI E1/TI Interface
E-UTRAN Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network

F
FE Fast Ethernet
FTP File Transfer Protocol
FTPS File Transfer Protocol Security

G
GE Gigabit Ethernet
GERAN GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network
GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
GTP GPRS Tunneling Protocol
GTP-C GPRS Tunneling Protocol for Control Plane
GUI Graphic User Interface

H
HPLMN Home PLMN
HSS Home Subscriber Server

I
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
IE Information Element
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
IGP Interior Gateway Protocol
IKE Internet Key Exchange protocol
IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem
IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity


Issue 1.0
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IP Internet Protocol
IPSec Internet Protocol Security Extensions
IRI Intercept Related Information
ISAKMP Internet Security Association and Key Management
Protocol
IS-IS Intermediate System-Intermediate System
ITU-T International Telecommunication
Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector

L
LEA Law enforcement agency
LMT Local Maintenance Terminal
LTE Long Term Evolution

M
M3UA SS7 MTP3-User Adaptation Layer
MAP Mobile Application Part
MBMS Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service
MBR Mobility Binding Record
MCC Mobile Country Code
MM Mobility Management
MME Mobility Management Entity
MML Human-Machine Language (formerly Man-Machine
Language)
MMU Multiplication and Management Unit
MNC Mobile Network Code
MRTIE Maximum Relative Time Interval Error
MSISDN Mobile Station International ISDN Number
MTBF Mean Time Between Failures
MTTR Mean Time To Repair


Issue 1.0
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N
NAS Non-Access Stratum
NEBS Network Equipment Building System
NTP Network Time Protocol

O
OAM Operations, Administration and Maintenance
OM Operation Maintenance
OMU Operation & Maintenance Unit
OSPF Open Shortest Path First

P
PC Personal Computer
PCC Policy and Charging Control?
PCRF Policy and Charging Rules Function
PDN Public Data Network
PDP Packet Data Protocol
PDSN Packet Data Serving Node
PFI Packet Forward Interface
P-GW PDN Gateway
PLMN Public Land Mobile Network
PMM Packet Mobility Management
POS Packet Over SDH

Q
QoS Quality of Service

R
RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial in User Service
RIP Routing Information Protocol


Issue 1.0
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RNC Radio Network Controller
RSA Revest-Shamir-Adleman Algorithm

S
SAE System Architecture Evolution
SCTP Simple control transmission protocol
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SDM Subrack Data Manage
SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
S-GW Serving Gateway
SMM Subrack Maintenance Management
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
SRNS Serving Radio Network System
SS7 CCITT Signaling System No.7
SSL Secure Sockets Layer
STM-1 SDH Transport Module -1
STM-4 SDH Transport Module -4
SWU Switch Unit

T
TA Terminal Adaptor
TAU Tracking Area Update
TCP Transport Control Protocol
TLS Transport Layer Security
TMI Time Master Interface
TSI Time Slave Interface

U
UDP User Datagram Protocol
UE User Equipment


Issue 1.0
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UI Unit Interval
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication Services/Universal
Mobile Telecommunications System
UP User Plane
USI Universal Service Interface
UTRAN UMTS Terrestrial radio access network

V
VPN Virtual Private Network

W
Web UI Web User Interface

R
RRC Radio Resource Control; Radio Resource Control

A
AMC Advanced Mezzanine Card

E
E3G Enhanced 3G
EMM EPS Mobility Management
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute

G
GUMMEI Globally Unique MME Identifier
GUTI Globally Unique Temporary Identity

Q
QCI QoS Class Identifier


Issue 1.0
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S
S101-AP S101 Application Protocol
S1-AP S1 Application Protocol
SDF Service Data Flow

T
TAI Tracking Area Identity

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