]<gj]<]<j<^]<]

? ? ?
?
K

KEFEFEF

K
K

EKKK F

EAutocadF
K,

K K

K
K

K

K

K
K
K

K
KKKK


]<gj]<]<j<^]<]

W
W

% 80 W

--

J {

Solid Works Autocad

KKKPro-Engineering

J {

start??K
Autocad2000 Autocad2000 Programs

KE-F

Autocad2000E-F
--

KEE-FFdesktop

desktop E-F
E-F

E-F

--

E-F

Tool bars

Pull down menu

Cross hair

Drawing area

states bar

Command line

E-F
J {
W
MenuJ {{

EE-FF File, Edit, View, .W

E-F

--

E-F

E-F

F EF
KEE-F

--

EFE-F

Esc
K
Tool barsJ {{

KE )Icons
K(MouseF

--

WE-FStandard Tool Bar

Standard Tool BarE-F

--

ZoomE-F

--

WE-F Draw

WE-FZoom

DrawE-F

--

Modify E-F

WE-F Modify

WEE-FFObject Snap

Object SnapE-F

Drawing areaJ {{

E-F

Drawing areaE-F
Command lineJ {{

--

Rectangle

K
States barJ {{

WE-F F3,F6,F7.
F6

F9

F7

F8

F10

F3

States barE-F

--

F11

E-F K

W
10

10

10

10

10

10
10

40

n
20

E-F

o
q

EF Start from Scratch

KOKEE-FFMetric

E-F
--

ELayerF -

E-F

EF NewWW

Mediumline Centerline

KE-FThickline

Load
OK

E-F
--

0.2 mm

Centerline

0.35 mm

Mediumline

0.5 mm

Thickline

WE-F

E-F

Centerline OK
KEE-FF

CenterlineE-F

E-FKKK

--

E-F

EE5-FF n

Line-
Line

EF100,100W

E,FYX.Enter
K

.Enter@ 0,150W

K @
X

.Y

Object snap?

Line-
KE-FThickline

--

ThicklineE-F

EE5-FF o

Line

Snap to end point ? ?

KObject Snap

F @ 0,10W

KE

@ WEE-FF o

KLine.Enter100,0

--

KE-F

E-F

Modify

EraseJ 5.4.1

? Erase?

KE-F
K

E-F

KEnter

offsetJ 6.4.1

?Modify??offset?

W
--

Enter

KEnterEF

KE-F

60 mm
K
E-F

?Modify?

TrimJ 7.4.1
Trim
K

K 40 mm
? Modify?? offset?

WE-F
--

E-F
W?Modify?

Trim

KEnter

WE-F

E-F
--

J 8.4.1
W
Trim

Circle

J {{{

Center point
3P

2P

Ttr
2PW

WEnter

Object Snap

Snap to end point ? ?

KE-F

E-F

--

Object Snap

Snap to end point? ?

KEE-FF

E-F

?Modify?

Trim

E-F
K Enter

E-F

KEE-FF Enter

--

E-F

DrawArc J {{{

Start, End, Radius Arc Draw

KE-F

EF

EF
E10mmF
E-F

Draw Arc

--

KEE-FF

E-F

KEE-F

E-F

--

Enter

KE-F

E-F
Copy ObjectJ {{
K

Modify Copy Object

Enter KEE-FF
K

E-F

Copy Object
--

EE-FF

E-F

KEE-F

E-F

--

MirrorJ {{
K
K

W
?Modify?

Mirror

Enter E-F

E-F

WE-F

--

E-F

Enter

E-F

E-F

MoveJ {{

W

? Modify ?

Move

--

EE-F F

.Enter

E-F

KEE-FF

E-F

--

WE-F

E-F

J {{

WE-F

E-F

EE-FFProperties?Modify?
--

Properties?Modify?E-F

Properties

? Layer?
EE-FFMediumline

KE-F

E-F

--

E-F

Copy Object

EF
KE-F

E-F

--

-

J {

E-F (M&MAO Library)
K

WE-F

--

M&MAO LibraryJ {{

E-F

M&MAO Library

WE-F

--

KK

KK

KK

KE-F

WE-F

E-F

Menu Toolbars
MMAO Wgroup

--

View
Toolbars

WE-F

J {{
M&MAO Library

KE-FJ E-F

--

WE-F

WE-F

--

WE-F

WE-F

--

WE-F

WE-F

--

WE-F

WE-F

--

WE-F

WE-F

--

WE-F

WE-F

--

WE-F

WE-F
EF

--

M&MAOJ {{
C:\Drawing workshopsimple_refrigeration_diagram0

A:\: Floppy disk E Save asFileF

Kyour name_refrigeration_diagram0W

EE-FF
K

WE-F
K
J {{{
Compressors, oil separators M&MAO Library

OKCompressor_general

E-F

Snap to end point

--

WE-F

X
Enter E Enter F
W

FY

Enter E Enter
X

EnterX

--

J {{{
Evaporators, Condenser, M&MAO Library

KOKnatural_conv_finned evaporator

KE69-F

WE69-F

J {{{
Evaporators,Condenser, M&MAO Library

KOKfinned_air_cooled_condenser

KE70-F

--

WE70-F

J {{{
Compressors, oil separators M&MAO Library

KOKh_receiver

KE71-F

--

WE71-F

--

J {{{
Valves.. M&MAO Library
Expansion_valve_,

KOKthermostatic

KE72-F

WE72-F
E73-F
KSaveFile

--

WE73-F

J {{
A:\ Refrigeration_circuit0 J {{{
E74-F

--

P
P

WE74-F

A:\Electrical_circuitJ {{{
E75-F
--

L1
L2

WS1

L3
1
1

WS0

F2

WF1

F1

WF2

2
1
2

WF3

S0

WKM2

2
98

KM2

95

F3
96

F3

P
4
3

P
4
3

S1

13

KM1
4

13

KM1
14

14

A1

KM1

M
3~

A2

WH3
WM

WHP

WLP

--

A1

KM2
A2

H1

H2

H3

WKM1
WH1
WH2

[1]-Auto Cad 2000 manual
[2]- Mohsem Al-Thabet "Engineering Drawing " Tunis, 1999.

--


]<gj]<]<j<^]<]

W
K
W
W
K K
K K

K K

%W

20 W
W

W
.

- -

1.2

L Excel

J 2.2

K
3.2

K

- -

J 4.2
K

W

J
KEF

J
F EEF L F

KEEFL

J
KEF

EFKEF J
(PC, VCR, J
KEFKetc)

J 5.2
K0oC

K
K

( Q& s.c. ) K -16
Operating Time] ? L?
(Total Cooling Load)

K[(O.T.)

(2-1)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Q& s.c. = 24 hr Total Cooling Load

O.T.

L=

% {

K18

- -

J 6.2


K

J 1.6.2

K
K
.

& = A U T
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Q
w

(2-2)

W
.(W) W Q& w

KEm2FW A

.W/ m2K W U
K(to-ti) W T

W to
Wti

KEE-2FFU
U

(Thermal

EhF(Heat transfer coefficient)EkFConductivity)

K (-2) (1-2)

KE-2FEkF
- -

ho

&
Q
w

to

hi

R1

R2

R3

R
4

R5

ti

x2

x1

E1-2F

- -

(W/m K)EkFE-F
E kF

Aluminum

220.00

Asphalt

1.15
0.16

Asbestos

0.04

Corkboards

0.025

Polyurethane

0.04

Polystyrene

1.10

Soil

0.46

Gypsum

1.28

Concrete

0.012

Soft wood

0.16

Hard wood

0.30

Sand

0.78
1.10
46.50

Arch. Glass

Heat resisting glass

Steel

0.04

Glass wool

0.72

Paint

0.72

Common brick

1.32

Face brick

0.07

Cotton

0.72

Cement Plaster

0.03

Air

- -

EW/m2 KF(h)E-F
h

9.37


34.1
22.7

J EF

J EF

6.7 m/s

3.4 m/s

WEEFF
(2-3)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .U

1
R th

W
() : n

1
+
ho

j=1

xj
1
+
k j hi

=:Rth

K(W/m2 K)Who
.(W/m2 K)Whi
EmFWxj

KEW/m KFWkj

- -

EW/m2 KFE-F
(W/m K) EkF

0.060

0.055

0.050

0.045

0.040

0.035

0.030

0.025

1.289

1.229

1.163

1.091

1.013

0.931

0.834

0.732

(mm)
25

0.834

0.784

0.731

0.675

0.617

0.556

0.489

0.420

50

0.617

0.576

0.533

0.489

0.443

0.397

0.346

0.295

75

0.489

0.455

0.420

0.383

0.346

0.308

0.267

0.227

100

0.405

0.376

0.346

0.315

0.283

0.252

0.218

0.182

125

0.346

0.320

0.294

0.267

0.240

0.213

0.184

0.153

150

0.302

0.279

0.256

0.232

0.208

0.185

0.159

0.136

175

0.267

0.247

0.227

0.206

0.184

0.163

0.140

0.119

200

K13 EpolyurethaneF
KL 3.4

WE-FE-F
E-F {

k = 0.72 (W/m K)

polyurethane
(W/m K)

k = 0.025

k = 0.72 (W/m K)
E-F {

ho = 22.7 (W/m2 K)
hi = 9.37 (W/m2 K)

1 1 n x j 1 1
0.2 0.075 0.013
1
=
+
+
=
+
+
+
+
= 3.445

U h o j=1 k j h i 22 .7 0.72 0.025 0.72 9.37

U = 0.2902 W/m2 K

- -

(to-ti)

EEFF
K

KE-FE-F
J W

(2-4)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t o = 0.4 t a,h + 0.6 t h

W
KWth

KWta,h
KE-F

E-F
C

29.5

41

25.5

43.5

29.5

44.0

- -

E-F

0.67

84

0.67

0.67

65

0.1

0.67
0.9
0.9

o
kJ/kg
C

-1.1

280

2-1

-1.1

4-2

-0.3

8-3

kJ/kg K

1.89

3.65

284

1.90

3.68

217

1.65

3.01

-0.8

250

1.78

3.35

3-2

-0.8

284

1.90

3.68

82

-1.6

274

1.86

3.58

92

15-5

93
6-4

47
80

2-1
3-2

-1.2

307

1.99

3.92

-1.1

310

2.00

3.95

-0.9

157

1.43

2.41

-1.8

267

1.84

3.51

87

4-2

-0.9

290

1.93

3.75

85

14-10

-1

284

1.90

3.68

20

12-6

-16

67

1.09

1.5

-1.3

284

1.90

3.68

77

1.12

1.61

260

1.81

3.45

3
23

12-9

78

10-7

-2.4

- -

90
95
90
95
85
90
95
85
90
100
90
95
90

o
C

4 -1

4 2

85
95
80
85
95

2 0

0 -1

90
95
90
95
75

4 2

0.5

0 -18

4 0

-1

90
95
50
60
85
90

12-6

89
0.8

82

2-1

0.9

0.7

297

1.95

3.82

-2

274

1.86

3.58

4-3

89
6-1

-0.9

310

3.95

-1.4

297

1.95

3.82

86

8-6

-1.6

287

1.92

3.72

81

-0.9

270

1.85

3.55

75

6-4

-1.4

250

1.78

3.35

87

123

-0.8

290

1.93

3.75

89

6-3

297

1.95

3.82

6-3

93
1.0

-1.1

91

90
95

--23

90
95

95
100
90

-1

85
90
85
90
85
90
85
90
85
90

15

3

5

-1

3-1

89
3-2

-0.8

304

1.98

3.88

90

13

-0.9

297

1.95

3.82

0.80

83

6-2

-1.6

277

1.88

3.61

1.6

0.9

93

-0.8

310

3.95

90
95
90
95
90
95

0.80

- -

E-F

78

0.67
0.67

4-3
85
4-1

86
4-1

o
C
kJ/kg

-2.2

260

-1
-0.8

kJ/kg K

-1

284

1.90

3.68

90 85

20

287

1.9

3.

287

1.92

3.72

95 90

85

4-
2

-3

274

1.86

3.58

90

-2

284

1.9

3.68

90

81

3-2

-1.1

270

1.85

3.55

90

7-5

-0.8

300

1.97

3.85

-1.1

290

1.93

3.75

4-2

90

-0.8

87

o
C

3.45

4-1

3-2

1.81

86

- -

90
100
90
100
95 90

0.5
0.5
0

-1

E-F

0.90

o
C
kJ/kg

kJ/kg K

-1.2

280

1.89

3.65

93

3-2

-0.6

310

3.95

93

10-7

-0.7

297

1.95

3.82

85

5-3

-0.8

284

1.90

3.68

4-1

-0.9

307

1.99

3.92

0.80

6-4

-1.4

294

1.94

3.78

0.80

92

4-2

-0.8

307

1.99

3.92

.0

94

2-1

-0.5

314

2.02

3.98

74

8-4

-0.6

247

1.76

3.31

96

14-10

-0.5

320

2.04

4.05

-0.8

310

2.0

3.95

-0.1

310

3.95

93 7
93

3-2

12-6

61

7-6

95
100
95
100
95
100
95
100
98
100
98
100
95
100
95
100
95
100
95
100
90
90
100

o
C
0

203

1.6

2.88

2 0
7
10
0

7
10
0
--23

-0.8

70 65

0.70

87

4-3

-0.5

290

1.93

3.75

95

0.70

85

3-1

-0.7

284

1.90

3.68

95

- -

.30

0.67
0.67

95

3-2

-0.2

317

2.03

4.02

91

-0.9

304

1.98

3.88

4-3
8-1

-0.8

294

1.94

3.78

2-1

-1.1

284

1.90

3.68

74

2-1

-0.6

247

1.76

3.31

12
93
12
78
69
91

0.70

0.99

8-6
3-2

-0.7

307

1.99

6-4
3-2

4-3

95
4-2

95

3.92

70 65

95
100
95

70
90

0.99

1.24

95
100
95

.24

60

0
10

-0.7

260

1.81

3.45

90

-1.3

230

1.7

3.15

90 85

-0.8

304

1.98

3.88

90 85

-0.7

317

2.03

4.02

95

-0.9

317

2.03

4.02

95

E-F

89
0.80

0.67

4-2

2-1

94
3-1

93

o
C
kJ/kg

kJ/kg K

o
C

-1.1

297

1.95

3.82

95

-0.3

310

3.95

98

-0.5

314

2.02

3.98

94

7-3

-0.5

313

2.02

3.98

95 0

92

5-4

-1.1

307

1.99

3.92

- -

7 5

E-F

o
C
kJ/kg

kJ/kg K

0.67

77

6-1

-2.7

257

1.8

3.4

0.56

70 5

-1.7

233

1.71

3.18

0.56

0.75

77

70

7-1

12-6

12-5

220

-2.2

233

1.66

1.7

3.05

3.2

12-8

.0

74

-2.8

247

1.76

3.31

12-8

1.0
68

5 -1

81

14-5

-2.2

227

1.69

3.11

270

1.85

3.55

12-6

80

12

-2.2

267

1.84

3.51

76

14-12

-2.2

270

1.85

3.55

87

8-5

-2.2

290

1.93

3.75

88
92
90

- -

90
95

J -18

85
90

90

J

J

90
95

J -18

85
90

-2

90
95

J -18

95
5
100
90
95

-1

J -18

95

5
100
100

-1

J -18

90
95

8-3

E-F

37
16

o
C
kJ/kg

133

-9

-20

kJ/kg K

123
53

1.27

1.04

1.99

1.37

37
37

0.85

12

-13

85 75

1.3

2.07

65

123

1.3

2.07

65

3.3

0.85

0.87

40

50

1.03

1.34

85 80

220

1.66

3.05

85 80

1.05

1.4

290

1.93

3.75

12-8

20

0.91

.04

75

6-4

33

1.17

85

6
12-6

15

4-2

15

6-5

-13

123

-2.2

o
C
-18

85 70

12

-23
0

4.4

J

J

-18
1
2
3
-2
0

10

0.85

87
6
10

-0.6

0.96

0
1

- -

EW/TonFE-F
o

-
582-388

259-154

192-132

195-83

6-10

-
-

-
52

33-54
169-282

59-71

67

20-55

223-449

114-145

60-90

176-304

101-231

59-71

65-105

53-77

340-727

303-281

51-74

- -

EW/TonFE-F
o

404-692

809-1484

351-386

825-1011

267-564

209

238

170

855

92-143

30-54

132

178

782-939
50

582-757

728-1072

130

54-134

20-47

142-146

119-169

682

- -

65-115

75-110

71-74

- -

K
K

K

KEGlycolF

L LJ 2.6.2

L
K

(Pressure equalized system)

K K

K
K
- -

Air Infiltration


WK
(2-5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Q& a,i

& h 10 3 (W)
=V

& (l/s) and h (kJ/l )

V

J W
EE-FFELFW V&

EEB A -FF(kJ/l) Wh

E-F
(l/s)G

3.1
3.4
3.7
4.4
5.0
5.5
5.9
6.8
7.5
9.0
10.2
12.2
13.9
15.3
16.7
19.0
21.4
23.6
24.3
25.9
27.1
28.9

2.3
2.6
2.8
3.3
3.8
4.2
4.6
5.4
5.8
6.9
7.9
9.4
10.9
11.9
12.9
14.9
16.8
18.1
18.6
20.4
21.9
23.1

(m3)

8.5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
75
100
150
200
250
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000

%G
- -

(kJ/l)EA -F
EF
o

0.0795
0.0992
0.1036
0.1141

0.0663
0.0792
0.0906
0.1003

0.0563
0.0694
0.0810
0.0910

0.0500
0.0591
0.0708
0.0808

0.0441
0.0574
0.0693
0.0794

0.0357
0.0491
0.0610
0.0713

0.0281
0.0319
0.0536
0.0639

0.0246
0.0382
0.0502
0.0606

0.0186
0.0323
0.0445
0.0550

0.0128
0.0266
0.0388
0.0493

o
C
15
10
5
0

(kJ/l)E B -F
EF
o

0.0921
0.1004
0.1071
0.1137
0.1203
0.1265
0.1325
0.1382
0.1440

0.0820
0.0903
0.0970
0.1037
0.1102
0.1165
0.1225
0.1283
0.1341

0.0724
0.0809
0.0877
0.0945
0.1013
0.1077
0.1138
0.1197
0.1256

0.0650
0.0736
0.0805
0.0873
0.0941
0.0998
0.1067
0.1126
0.1185

0.0562
0.0649
0.0719
0.0788
0.0857
0.0922
0.0985
0.1045
0.1106

0.0505
0.0592
0.0662
0.0732
0.0801
0.0866
0.0929
0.0989
0.1050

0.0154
0.0247
0.0321
0.0395
0.0468
0.0537
0.0604
0.0668
0.0732

0.0142
0.0235
0.0309
0.0383
0.0456
0.0525
0.0591
0.0656
0.0720

0.0111
0.0210
0.0288
0.0367
0.0444
0.0523
0.0588
0.0657
0.0725

0.0092
0.0193
0.0271
0.0350
0.0427
0.0501
0.0571
0.0640
0.0708

o
C

-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40

WEF

30 oC K3.45 mx{ m x6 m E x x F

.5 oC K%

KK150 mm

- -

0.3m mm

E-2FK75 m3 = E3.15X4.2X5.7F
EA-2F9 (l/s)=
.(0.061 kJ/l) =

& =V
& h = 9 0.061 10 3 = 549 (W)
Q
a,i

- -

Air Interchange

KK
K

W
)(2-

. . . . . . . . . . . . . Q& a,int =

n Vs
1
(h o h i ) 103
24 60 60
vo

(W)

W
[E-F]W n

Em3F W Vs
EkJ/kgFWho

EkJ/kgFW hi

Em3/kgFW vo
E13J F

m3

12
10
9
7
5.8
4.8
4.2
3.4
2.9
2.5
1.9
1.7
1.4

- -

1.2

<

24
K



E-F K

WEF
30 oCKm 4.3xm 10.3xm 15.3E x x F

K% J 5 oC %
KKmm

m 0.3mm
E-FKm3 600 = E4x10x15F
K3.4=

(Psychrometric)

ho = 71.5 kJ/kg , hi = 0.0 kJ/kg , vo = 0.88 m3/kg

3.4 600
1
&
Q
(71.5 0)
103 = 1918.4 W
a,int =
24 60 60
0.88

Ventilation

W
)(2-

. . . . . . . . . . Q& v = n p

1
Ls
10-3 (h o h i ) 103

vo
Person

(W)

J W
- -

.Wnp
E
FW

Ls
Person

KE-F
EkJ/kgFEFWho

EkJ/kgFEFW hi
Em3/kgFW vo

Ls

E-F
Person

9.5

7.5

15

12

3.5

2.5

3.5

14

12

14

12

24

14

12

12.5

7.5

10

7.5

3.5

- -

J 3.6.2

(Diffuse) (Direct)
K
m2W

(I)

KEFE F
ho

&
Q
w

t w,o

to
I

t w,i

____

x2

x3

&
Q
r

x1

J J J

t w,i

&
Q
a

t w,o

hi
ti

KE-F

K
E-F
K t w, o tw,o
K t w, i tw,i

Q& s, w
)(2-

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Q& s, w = Q& a + Q& r

J W
(Absorbed )W Q& a

(Reflected)W Q& r
- -

W Q& t, w
)(2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Q& t, w = Q& w + Q& s, w
W Q& w

Q& s, w
KE2-F
W

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Q& s, w = A U Ts
Ts
)(2-

F

TE
WEF
)(2-1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ts = 1.15 I

ho

W
EE-FFW

EEB A -FF(W/m2)WI

EW/m2 KFWho
W/m2 F (2-11)hoW

EkJ/kgF EFhoEK
K

K()E-F
()E-F
.()
0.89

0.65

0.77

0.26

0.57

0.4

0.91

0.9

- -

(W/m2)(A -)

EFEA-F

(W/m )

(hr)

KEB-F
J 4.6.2

E F

K
K

K%
K

- -

K
K

(2-11)

W
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Q& g = A g U (t o t i ) )
J W
K W Q& g

KKEm2FW Ag

E-F W/ m2K W U
K(to-ti) W T

W to
Wti

EW/m2 KFE-F

4.7

3.2

3.1
2.8

2.7
3.4

(2-13)

W
x SC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Q& s ,g = A g Q& sun
- -

EA-FW Q& sun

K

EB-FWSC
& EA-F
(W/m2) Q
sun

(SC)EB-F

- -

(Venetian Blinds)

(Roller Blinds)

(mm)

0.25

0.59

0.55

0.64

0.25

0.59

0.55

0.64

0.95

0.30

0.40

0.53

0.57

0.70

0.25

0.6

0.51

0.57

0.9

0.25

0.6

0.51

0.57

0.83

0.2-0.3

0.2-0.4

EF(W/m2)EB-F

150
395
130

155

90
635
560

15
555
745

45
410
900

90
220
1000

105
1025

220
90
1000

410
45
900

15
555
745

90
635
560

7
155
600
345

155
1020

225
140
990

420
90
980

565
25
735

55
640
540

120
595
320

45
365
110

45
245
50

- -

N
E
S
W
Hor.
N
E
S
W
Hor.
N
E
S
W
Hor.
N
E
S
W
Hor.

Product LoadJ .6.2

&
Q
p

WK
K
Cooling above freezing

KK
(2-14)

(kJ)

W(Qaf)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Qaf = m Caf (t1-t2)
J W

EkgFWm

K(--) F (kJ/kg oC)WCaf

KEoCFW t1
KEoCFWt2
Chilling Rate Factor CRF

(Chilling Rate)K
K

WK
- -

(2-15)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Q af

m C af (t 1 t 2 )
CRF

(kJ )

(8-2) (5-2) W CRF

Freezing Load

WK
(2-16)

Q f = m hl

(kJ)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
W

(8-2) (5-2)(kJ/kg)Whl

Cooling below freezing

K
(2-17)

J W(Qbf)
Qbf = m Cbf (tf-td)
(kJ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
W

(8- (5-2) F (kJ/kg oC)

WCbf
K2 )

K(8-2) (5-2)FKEoCFW tf
KEoCFW td

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2-18)

& = Q af + Q f + Q bf 10 3
Q
p

(W)

(s) W
- -

5 oC
KK 12J 18 oC

W(7-2)
(kJ/kg oC) {=

(kJ/kg oC)1.76 =

(kJ/kg) =

J { oC=

Q af =

m C af (t 1 t 2 ) 5000 3.31 (5 (2.8) )

=
= 129,090 (kJ )
CRF
1

Qf = m hl = 5000 x 247 = 1,235,000 (kJ)

Qbf = m Cbf (tf-td) = 5000 x 1.76 x(-2.8-(-18)) = 133,760 (kJ)

& = Q af + Q f + Q bf 10 3 = 129,090 + 1,235,000 + 133,760 10 3 = 34,672 ( W )
Q
p

12 3600

Respiration Heat J .6.2

K
J WK

(2-19)

x 10-3

&
(W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .= m x Q
re
- -

E--F (W/Ton)
K

Packing Heat Load J .6.2

K
K
W
(2-20)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Q& pk

m pk C pk ( t o t i )

10 3

(W)

EKgFWmpk
E-F(kJ/kg K)WCpk
. Wto

. Wti
E-F

1.4

2.3

0.5

1.6

0.85

Miscellaneous Heat Load J .6.2

K
)(2-2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x

& = nl l
Q
l
24

W
- -

Wnl
(W) Wl

E-F
.E-F
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x

)(2-2

& =
Q
pe

n pe t
24

Wnpe
E-FKWt

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x

)(2-2

& = Z Nm m
Q
m
24

(motor) WNm
EWF (Nominal Motor Rating)Wm

K{(Motor Rating Correction Factor)WZ

K
)(2-2
W

PW (W)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Q& h = u P

(0.5 - 0.1)Wu
& =
& +Q
& + Q
& + Q
Q
m
pe
l
h

- -

EFE-F
EWF
97

31

66

117

45

72

J J

132

59

73

J J

132

59

73

146

73

73

162

81

81

229

139

81

293

183

110

292

204

88

425

255

170

425

255

170

(( )-2)

Qt

450
410
390
300
275
250
225
200

-30
-25
-20
-10
-5
0
5
10

J .6.2
K

K

K
E-F
W

- -

KJ
KJ

(2-25)

(t1-t2) . . . .x(m3 ) xZ(W)

J .6.2
%%

E-F

m3

0.6
0.45
0.31
0.24
0.19
0.16
0.14
0.14
0.13

3.97
3.57
2.76
2.24
1.96
1.72
1.61
1.52
1.45
1.44
1.37
1.30
1.23
1.16
-

3.63
2.56
1.77
1.44
1.25
1.07
1.01
0.96
0.94
0.91
0.86
0.85
0.77
0.71
0.65
0.58
-

- -

0.6
0.85
1.5
2.0
3.0
6.0
8.5
11.0
14.0
17.0
23.0
28.0
34.0
43.0
57.0
85.0
140.0
200.0
280.0
560.0
1400.0
2100.0
2800.0

CLC V.3 AJ 7.2

J 1.7.2
CLC V.3 A
W CLC V.3 AK

Cooling Load CalculationCLC

Version 3V.3
Arabic A

EE-FFExcel

KEE-FF
E-F

E

KI(Column)(Rows)
J 2.7.2
W
K

KEF0EF1 EF

K

G5
E F 1 (F26) EF0
K(F26)

Enthalpy (ho , hi)EF0

K vo

- -

F26C32, C 26, C 25, C 23, C 22

K
K(U)E-F

E-F

- -

E-F

- -

J 3.7.2

EF

J J J J J J J
J J J J J J W
J J LJ J W

J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W

:

15 m x 10 m x 6 mEC C F
K % K m/sK3.4 35 oC
cm

cm EEFF cm
KoCcm

K10 oCE F

F20oC {oC
KE

16 KW

KW
EF
%KK
K

=FK{(Chilling Rate FactorF

K(0.4==

CLCv3AW
K
- -

(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)

- -

1550

1943

3100

1059

1000

1040

800

8810

4375

35694

2454

(W)

64826

(W)

7779

(W)

72605

(W)

87126

24.78
- -

EF

J J J J J J J
J J J J J J W
J J LJ J W

J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W


:

E-F8m x 5m x 3mE C C F

% 60 Km/s 4 oCK

WEE-FF
K25

1.5

K
K% oC K

- -

ho

to

hi

ti

5m

8m

x3

x2

x1

E-F

E-2F

3
K
E F

KKm2

KW

KW
CLCv3 AW
%
K2L/s/Person

- -

(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)

- -

900

226

1184

583

1365

817

574

2564

(W)

8212

(W)

821

(W)

9033

(W)

9033

2.569
- -

KKKKKKKKKK

LWW

J J J J J J J J

J J J J J J J J W
EF
W

40 CLCV.3 AJ
KE1FK 4oC 20oC

EF

CLCV.3 AJ

FRH=50%39oC

K2

Litre/s/ person ERH=50%20oC

KEF

EF
- -

KKKKKKKKKK

LWW

J J J J J J J J

J J J J J J J J W
EF
W

17.5 CLCV.3 AJ

K -18oC 15 oC

KE1F

EF

- -

J .2

& = A U T
Q
w

W
KEm2FWA

E3-FE-FW/ m2K W U
KE-F

K(to-ti) W T
W to
Wti

KL L
Infiltration
& =V
& h 103
Q
a,i

& (l/s) and h (kJ/l ) (W)

V

W
EE-FFELFW V&

EEB A -FF(kJ/l) Wh
Interchange

&
Q
a,int =

n Vs
1
(h o h i ) 103
24 60 60
vo

(W)

W
EE-FFW n

Em3F W Vs
(Psychrometric Chart)EkJ/kgFWho

(Psychrometric Chart)EkJ/kgFW hi

(Psychrometric Chart)Em3/kgFW vo

- -

Ventilation
& = n L s 10-3 (h h ) 1 103
Q
v
p
o
i
vo
Person

(W)

W
Wnp
E
FW

Ls
Person

KE-F

(Psychrometric EkJ/kgFE
FWho
Chart)

(Psychrometric EkJ/kgFEFW hi
Chart)
3
(Psychrometric Chart)Em /kgFW vo

Q& s, w
W

&
&
&
Q
s, w = Q a + Q r

W
(Absorbed )W Q& a
(Reflected)W Q& r

W Q& t, w
. Q& t, w = Q& w + Q& s, w
W Q& w
Q& s, w

&
Q
s, w = A U Ts

Ts
W T EF
1.15 I
Ts =

ho

- -

W
EE-FFW

EEB A -FF(W/m2)WI
EW/m2 KFWho

EW/m2 KFhoW

EkJ/kgFEFho
K

K()E-F

&
Q
g

= A g U (t o t i ) )
W

K W Q& g

KEm2FW Ag

E-F W/ m2K W U
Wto

Wti

K
x SC Q& s ,g = A g Q& sun
KEA-F W Q& sun
KEB-FWSC

Product Load

Cooling above freezing

(kJ)Qaf = m Caf (t1-t2)

EkgFWm

KE--F (kJ/kg oC)WCaf

- -

KEoCFW t1
KEoCFWt2

Chilling Rate Factor CRF

m C af (t 1 t 2 )
Q af =

( kJ )

CRF

(8-2) (5-2) W CRF

Freezing Load
Qf = m hl

(kJ)

(8-2) (5-2)(kJ/kg)Whl
Cooling below freezing

Qbf = m Cbf (tf-td)

(kJ)

(8-2) (5-2)F (kJ/kg oC)WCbf

KE(8-2) (5-2)FKEoCFWtf
KEoCFW td

& = Q af + Q f + Q bf 10 3
Q
p

(W)

(s) W

Respiration Heat
x 10-3

&
(W) = m x Q
re

E--F (W/Ton)
K

- -

Packing Heat Load

& =
Q
pk

m pk C pk ( t o t i )

10 3

(W)

W
EkgFWmpk

KE-F(kJ/kg K)WCpk
. Wto

. Wti

Miscellaneous Heat Load

& = nl l
Q
l
24

Wnl
(W) Wl

& =
Q
pe

n pe t
24

Wnpe

KE-FE-FKWt

x

& = Z Nm m
Q
m
24

W
(motor) WNm

EWF (Nominal Motor Rating)Wm

K{(Motor Rating Correction Factor)WZ

- -

PW(W)

u P Q& h
W

(0.5 - 0.1)Wu

& + Q
& +Q
& =
& + Q
Q
pe
l
m
h

W
KJ

KE-FJ
(t1-t2)x(m3 ) x= (W)
K

%%

KE-F( Q& s.c. )K

- -

1-

Trott A.R. and Welch T.C. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, 3 rd Edition,
Butterworths 2000

2-

ASHRAE Fundamentals , 1997

3-

Cleland A. C., Cleland, D. J. and White, S.D. Cost-Effective Refrigeration A five

day Teaching Workshop. Institute of Technology and Engineering, Massy University,
New Zealand , 2000.

4-

Dossat, R.J. Principles of Refrigeration, John Wiley and Sons, 1981.

?KKK J
K?

- -


]<gj]<]<j<^]<]

W
K

W
K o
K o

% 90W

W
W
K

K
K

K
K

KEF

- -

W
J

EF

2.3

J .2.3

W
(Semi-Hermetic) (Hermetic)WCompressor K

K (Open)

K(3 phases) (Single phase)

K

W Condenser K
(Shell and K

Tubes)

K
- -

WEvaporator K
Flooded .Dry Expansion (DX)

KLiquid overfeed
K

W Expansion valve K
K
(Thermostatic Expansion valve)

J .2.3

W

WEvaporator pressure regulator J

K
K
K

WCrankcase pressure regulator J

K
WCapacity regulator J

K (Hot gas bypass valve)

K
- -

WCondenser pressure regulator J

KK

WTemperature Controller J

K
WPressure Controller J
(High pressure) (Low pressure)
K
K
WOil Separator J
K

WFilter/drier L J

K

EF WSight glass J
K

K(Oil sight glass)

WCheck valve or Non return valve J

K
- -

K
K(Bypass)
(Manual)

WShut-off

Valve

(Solenoid valve)

KKK

J 3.3
J 1.3.3

K(BITZER)

K
K

W(BITZER)
KSemi-hermetic Reciprocating compressor
KOpen Reciprocating compressor

KSemi-hermetic Screw cpmpressor

KOpen Screw compressor

J
J

J
J

HSKCCS J
.Condensing Unit

KWatercooled Condenser (Shell and Tube) EF J

(Bitzer)J .3.3

WJ 1
EBitzerF EProgramF EStartF - 2
KE-F

Bitzer - 3
E-F

- 4
- -

- 5
K(Results)??ECalculateF

E-F

Program Recip. Screw Condenser. Extra Help

(Bitzer)E-F
- -

- 6
K
(Compressor Selection)J .3.3

WEF

E-F (Mouse)
E-F
KKR134a

E-F

Calculate
KE-F

- -

E-F

E-F

- -

KE-F

Selection of: Semi - hermetic Reciprocating Compressors

W
Input Values:
28

[kW]Cooling capacity

R134a Refrigerant
Reference temperature Dew point temp.
-20 [C]Evaporating SST
35

[C]Condensing SCT

EF5

[K]Liquid subcooling

EF-10 [C]Suction gas temperature

F

standard 50 Hz

(60 Hz Power Supply

100%

[K]Useful superheat

----------------------------------------------------------- Output:
6F-40.2Y
30.2 kW
30.2 kW
30.2 kW

6G-30.2Y

Cooling capacity
25.4 kW Cooling capacity *
25.4 kW Evaporator capacity

25.4 kW

13.34 kW

11.23 kW

Standard

Power input

33.7 ACurrent (400V)

22.9 A

715 kg/h

Compressor type

2.26
2.26
601 kg/h

2.26 COP/EER
2.26 COP/EER *
Mass flow

Standard Operating mode

E-F

- -

K E6F-40.2YF
KE-F

E-3F

W
WELimitsF

WEDataF

WETableF

KE-F

KE-F

KE-F

- -

E7-F

E-F

- -

E-F
K

K

- -

Selection of : Open-Type Reciprocating Compressors

W

Input Values:
[kW]Cooling capacity
Refrigerant

[C]Evaporating SST

[C]Condensing SCT
EF

[K]Liquid subcooling

EF [C]Suction gas temperature

))/pulley(SCoupling(K

mm (S)

Motor speed

[rev /min]
100%

[K]Useful superheat

-----------------------------------------------------------Output:
Compressor type
Cooling capacity
Cooling capacity *
Evaporator capacity

Shaft power

COP/EER
COP/EER *
Mass flow

Compressor Speed

E2-3F

- -

Selection of : Semi-Hermetic Screw Compressors

W
Input Values:
[kW]Cooling capacity
Refrigerant

[C]Evaporating SST

[C]Condensing SCT
Operating mode

[K]Liquid subcooling

Max. Discharge gas temp. [C]

F

[K]Suction gas superheat

standard 50 Hz

(60 Hz Power Supply

100%

[K]Useful superheat

-----------------------------------------------------------Output:
Compressor type
Cooling capacity
Cooling capacity *
Evaporator capacity
Power input

Current

COP/EER
COP/EER *
Mass flow LP
Mass flow HP
Operating mode

E-F

- -

KW
KRESULTS

(Condensing Unit Selection)J .3.3

EF

E-F

E4-F K RESULTS
K

E-F

- -

Selection of: Condensing Units

Input Values:
[kW]Cooling capacity

Series

Refrigerant
EFReference temperature

[C]Evaporating SST
Ambient temp.

[C]Suction gas temperature

standard 50 Hz
100%

(60 Hz Power Supply

[K]Useful superheat

-----------------------------------------------------------Output:
Cooling capacity

Evaporator capacity
Power input
Current

Mass flow
Condensing SCT
Liquid subcooling
Operating mode

E-F

(Water- Cooled Condensing Selection)J .3.3

WEF

E-F
K
- -

E-FK RESULTS
K

E-F

- -

Selection of : Water-Cooled Condenser

W
Input Values:

[kW]Cooling capacity
Refrigerant
Coolant

Condensing temperature
EF(Dew point temperature)
Liquid subcooling [K]

Water inlet temperature [C]

Fouling factor [m2.K/W]

-----------------------------------------------------------Output:
Number of passes
Condenser Capacity
Condensing Temperature
EF(Dew point temperature)

Water outlet
Volume flow

Volume flow min.

Volume flow max.

Flow velocity
Pressure drop

E-F

- -

J {
Danfoss CoolcatJ {{
(Coolcat s Catalogues)

K E-F

KE-FE-FECoolcatF

(Coolcat s Catalogues)E-F

ECoolcatFE-F
- -

ECoolcatFE-F
WE-F
J
Solenoid valves
J
Pressure and Temperature Controllers J
J
Pressure Regulators
Filter/Driers
/ J
J
Sight glass
J
Check valve
J
Shut-off valve
J
Oil separator
Thermostatic Expansion valves

ECoolcatFE-F
- -

(Thermostatic Expansion Valve Selection) J ,,

K(Family)E-F

K(Setting)E-F
W
Refrigerant

Evaporator capacity
Evaporator temperature
Condensing temperature
Liquid temperature
Pressure drop (Liquid lines)
Pressure drop (Distributor)

Temperature range
Equalization
Valve Body
Connection type
Connection size
Capillary length

System G

J
J
J
J
J
J
EFJ
Exp. Valve G
J
EFJ
J
EFJ
J
J

E-F
- -

E-F
E-F (Selection)

E-F
(Solenoid Valve Selection)J {{

W
- -

(Family) E-F

(Setting)

E-F (Selection)

E-F

E-F

E-F
- -

E-F

(Pressure Control Selection)J ,,

(Family) E-F

E-F (Setting)

KE-F (Selection)

-F
- -

E-F

E-F

- -

(Pressure regulators Selection)J

KVP

KVR+NRD

KVCCPCE EF J

KVL

W
(Family) E-FEKKKKVCKVRKVLF

E-F (Setting)

KE-F (Selection)

E-F

- -

E-F

E-F

- -

Coolcat Bitzer J {
CoolcatBitzer
W

KKK

- -

KKKKKKKKKK

EF

LWW

J J J J J J J

J J J J J J J J W

EF
:

K-24oC100 kW

10 K6 K=(TDe) 40oC

F
K 3oC
KKK (Semi-herm. Recips 2-stage)

.R404AE
.(Bitzer)
KEFJ
Compressor
type

Evaporator
Capacity (kW)

Power Input
(kW)

Current (A)

C.O.P. *

Mass flow
rate (kg/h)

EF
25oCJ
KEF 0.00005 m2K/W

Condenser
Type

# of
Passes

Water Output Flow velocity Volume flow rate Pressure drop

Temp. oC
(m/s)
(min) (m3/h)
(bar)

1.63

EF
- -

KKKKKKKKKK

E2F

LWW

J J J J J J J

J J J J J J J J W
EF

J W

K-18oC80 kW

, 6 K=(TDe)45oC
FK6 K

EKKK (Semi-herm. Recips)

.R404A
.(Bitzer)
Compressor
type

KEF

Evaporator
Capacity (kW)

Power Input
(kW)

Current (A)

C.O.P. *

Mass flow
rate (kg/s)

EF
J
=.(Bitzer)
R404A (Standard)30kW
KEFK10K-10oC35oC

Condensing unit
type

Cooling
Capacity (kW)

Power Input*
(kW)

EF
- -

Current (A)

Mass flow rate

(kg/s)

KKKKKKKKKK

EF

LWW

J J J J J J J

J J J J J J J J W

EF
W

K3 oC 40kW
EFK

4 K5 K
K-5 oC
35 oC
KR404A
Coolcat

0.5 Bar (T2/TE2)

Valve type

Capacity (kW)

% Loaded

KEF

Pressure drop across

valve(bar)

EF
KEF (EVR)

Corrected
Capacity (kW)

Valve Type

EF
- -

Connection
in.

K220V- 60Hz

Pressure
drop (bar)

EFEF

- -

KKKKKKKKKK

E4F

LWW

J J J J J J J

J J J J J J J J W

EF
W

K-18 oC75 kW

3 K5 K
K-25 oC
40 oCKEF
KR22

EF

Coolcat

0.5 Bar (T2/TE2)

KEF

Valve type

Capacity (kW)

% Loaded

EF
- -

Pressure drop across

valve(bar)

(Conn. size 1-1/8) (EVR)

K220V- 60HzKEF
Corrected
Capacity (kW)

Valve Type

EF

- -

Connection
in.

Pressure
drop (bar)

1- Bitzer Ltd. Selection Program (2002).
2- Danfoss Ltd. Coolcat selection program (2002).
3- Andrew, D. Althouse, et al. Modern Refrigeration and Air Conditioning GoodheartWilcox.
4- Puzio, H. and Johnson J. Practical Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, and
Refrigeration. ITP 1996.

- -


]<gj]<]<j<^]<]

KW

W
W

% W

W
K

W
.

- -

W
J

(Software)

. (Simulation)

K

K

. (Kotza International) :

(1) J

REFRIBASE 3, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning for Beginners

:
W
.

- -

REFRIBASE3
(Icon) (Double Click) (REFRIBASE3) K

Yes

( (Continue)
.E-4F

. K
(F K

F .E-4F

E2-4F (

K (Continue) K
K (End) K

- -

E-4F

- -

E2-4F

- -

(2) J

REFREPAIR 4, Practical Training in Refrigeration Repair

K
REFREPAIR 4

(Icon) (Double Click) (REFREPAIR 4) .

Yes

( (Continue)
.E3-4F

. .
(F .

.E3-4F

E3-4F(click here)

KKE4-4F

K (Continue) .
K (End) .
- -

E3-4F

- -

E4-4F

(3) J

REFRIDIAG 4, Refrigeration Fault Simulator

:

. (Simulation)

- -

K
REFRIDIAG 4
(Icon) (Double Click) (REFRIDIAG 4) .

. Yes

.
E-F

. Yes .

Yes .

(Cursor) ( E6-F )

..

.E11-4F-E7-4F

. OK .

K .
(The family of Faults) (Diagnostic) .
.E12-4F

.4 3 .

E13-F .
K
K .

- -

E-F

E6-F

- -

E7-F

- -

E8-F

- -

E9-F

- -

E10-F

- -

E11-F

- -

E12-F

- -

E13-F

- -

(4) J

CHILREPAIR 4, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Repair on systems using Water

.
W

WW
.

. (Psychrometric Chart)

.. . . . . .

CHILREPAIR 4
(Icon) (Double Click) (CHILREPAIR 4) K

OK

.E15-4F E14-4F

(Continue) K
.E16-4F

. K
- -

(F K
.E18-4F E17-4F
( F

(click here)
.E18-4F E17-4F

K (Continue) K
K (End) K

- -

E14-4F

- -

E15-4F

- -

E16-4F

- -

E17-4F

- -

E18-4F

- -

1- Kotza International Ltd, REFRIBASE 3, REFREPAIR 4, REFRIDIAG 4,

CHILREPAIR 4 manuals (2003).

- -

Electro Motive Force ( EMF)

Emulsifiers
End Covers
Air End
Cooled
Condenser
Cover
Baffles
Arc
Erase
Autocad
Evaporative Condenser

Evaporating Pressure Regulators

Block

ExpansionBearing
Valves

Capacity Regulators

Centrifugal Compressor

Centrifugal switch

Circuit Breakers

Command line

Conductive

Contactor

Control Box

Cooling above freezing

Cooling below freezing
Corkboard
Crankcase pressure regulator
Cubes
Differential
Diffuse
Direct
Drawing area

Filter
Flakes

E
F

- -

Flooded
Freezing load
Front panel
Fuse

Gas liquefaction
H

Hardening
HP Cutout
Hygroscopicity

Infiltration
Initial cost
Insulation materials
Interchange
Interpolation

Junction Box
L

Layer
Liquid Receiver
LP Cutout

Menu
Mirror

EF

Miscellaneous Heat Load

Modify
Move

EF

Nameplate
Non-Return Valve (NRV)
Object snap
- -

Oil Separator
EF
Orifice Assembly
Optimum

Overload
P

Packing Heat Load

Pass

Plate Heat Exchanger

Polystyrene
Polyurethane

Pressure Controls

Range
Reciprocating Compressors
Reflective
Relay
Reservoir
Respiration Heat Load
Running Winding

Screw Compressor
Sensor
Setting

Single phase

Solenoid Valve

Specific Enthalpy
Specific Entropy

Spiral Auger

Squirrel Cage

Stabilizers
- -

Starting Torque
States bar
Stator
Stepper motor
Start Capacitor (SC)
Surge drum

Thermal Conductivity
Thermostat
Thermistor
Timer
Tool bars
Transducer
Trim

EF

W

Water Cooled Condenser

Windings
Wiring Diagram
Z

Zoom

- -

W
-

K{

K{

K{

K{

K{

J
J

K{

LineJ

K{

K{

LineJ K{

EraseJ K{
OffsetJ K{

K{

K{

Trim

J
J

K{
K{

K{

K{

K{

M&MAO LibraryJ K{

K{

M&MAO LibraryJ

K{

K{

W
J

J {

J {

J {
J {

J {
J

{{

LLJ

{{

..

{{

{{

-..
J

{{
{{
{{

-{{
CLC V.3 AJ
J 1.7.2

J 2.7.2

J 3.7.2

7.2

J .2

-.2.3

J
J 1.3.3

(Bitzer)J

.3.3

J .3.3
.3.3

-.

Danfoss CoolcatJ {{

J ,,

{{

,,

3.3

J .3.3

2.3

J .2.3

Coolcat Bitzer -

W
-

(1) J

REFRIBASE 3, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning for Beginners

(2) J

(3) J

REFREPAIR 4, Practical Training in Refrigeration Repair

REFRIDIAG 4, Refrigeration Fault Simulator

(4) J

CHILREPAIR 4, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Repair on systems using Water

EF

GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS