M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak POTENCIJE

Rjeenja svih zadataka s kompletnim postupkom i uputama

1.
2 3
puta
2 se ponavlja pet
puta pa u eksponent
piemo
Koristimo pravila:
Uputa: Prebrojite koliko se puta ponavlja isti faktor i taj broj stavite u eksponent:
, , ...
1) 2 2 2 2 2
n
n
a a a a a a a a a a a a

= = =

_
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
5
5
5
3
6 3 2 6 3 2
3
4
grupiramo iste faktore...
itamo: dva na petu 2
1) 2 2 2 2 2 2
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
x x x x
x y x y x z x y x x z x x x x x x y y y z z x y z x y z
xy xy xy xy
x y x y x y x y x y
x x x
y y y
=
=
=
= = =
=
+ + + + = +
| | | |

| |
\ . \ .
_
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
4
3 2
3
7)
8)
x x
y y
x y x y x y x y x y
x y x y x y x y x y x y x y
a b a b a b a b
c c c c
| | | | | |
=
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
+ + =
= + + = +
| | | | | | | |
=
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .



































2.
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
na eksponent
na
2 3
puta
2 3
2
parni
3
neparni
4
Zakljuak:
Koristimo pravila:
1 1
1
, , ...
1) 5 5 5 25 2) 2 2 2 2 8 3) 3 3 3 3 3 81
4) 1 1 1 1
5) 1 1 1 1 1
6) 1 1 1 1 1 1
n
n
a a a a a a a a a a a a

= = =
= = = = = =

= =

= =
`

= =

)
_
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
eksponent
3
4
Imamo paran broj "minusa" pa
je produkt pozitivan broj
Imamo neparan broj "minusa" pa e i umnoak biti negativno tj. imati e predznak minus
1

7) 2 2 2 2 8
8) x x x x x

=
= =
=
_
_
4
x =

4
























7

8
M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka
M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku
mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
tel-01-4578-431
2 3
puta
2
3
5
2
3
Koristimo pravila: , , ...
1 1 1 1
9)
3 3 3 9
3 3 3 3 27
10)
5 5 5 5 125
2 2 2 2 2 2 32
11)
3 3 3 3 3 3 243
2 2 2 2 2 4
12)
3 3 3 3 3 9
2 2
13)
3
n
n
a a a a a a a a a a a a

= = =
| |
= =
|
\ .
| |
= =
|
\ .
| |
= =
|
\ .
| | | | | |
= = =
| | |

\ . \ . \ .
| |
=
|
\ .
_
4
2
3
4
2 2 2 2 2 8
3 3 3 3 3 3 27
3 3 3 3 3 81
14)
4 4 4 4 4 256
4 4 4 4 4 16
15)
5 5 5 5 5 25
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 64
16)
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 125
4 4
17)
5 5
| | | | | |
= =
| | |

\ . \ . \ .
| |
= =
|
\ .
| | | | | |
= = + =
| | |

\ . \ . \ .
| | | | | | | |
= = =
| | | |

\ . \ . \ . \ .
| | |
=
|
\ .
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2
3
3
2
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 256
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 625
18) 0, 2 0, 2 0, 2 0, 04
19) 0, 2 0, 2 0, 2 0, 2 0, 2 0, 04
20) 0, 2 0, 2 0, 2 0, 2 0, 04 0, 2 0, 008
21) 0, 2 0, 2 0, 2 0, 2 0, 2 0, 2 0, 2 0, 008
22) 2, 5 2, 5
| | | | | | |
= + =
| | | |

\ . \ . \ . \ .
= =
= = + =
= = =
= = =
= ( ) ( ) 2, 5 2, 5 2, 5 6, 25 = + =
2.































































M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak POTENCIJE

2.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 3
puta
3
4
2 3 4 5
Prebrojimo min
Koristimo pravila: , , ...
23) 2, 5 2, 5 2, 5 2, 5 2, 5 2, 5 2, 5 15, 625
24 2, 5 2, 5 2, 5 2, 5 2, 5 2, 5 2, 5 2, 5 2, 5 39, 0625
25) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
n
n
a a a a a a a a a a a a

= = =
= = =
= = + =
+ + + = + +
_
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
use -ima
ih paran broj pa e umnoak
biti pozitivan broj
20 30 45
1 2 3 4
5 2
4 5
1 1
26) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
27) 2 2 2 2 2 4 8 16 4 16 2 8 10
28) 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 32 9 23
29) 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 81 32
= + =
+ + = + + =
+ + + = + + = + =
= = =
= = =
_
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
3 5
2 3
2
2
2 3
2
2
49
30) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 8 32 40
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
31)
4 2 4 4 2 2 2 16 8 16 16
32) 0, 2 0, 2 0, 2 0, 2 0, 2 0, 2 0, 2
0, 04 0, 008 0, 032 0, 001024
+ = + =
| | | | | | | | | |
+ = + = = =
| | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ .
(
( + = + =


= = =





9

10
M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka
M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku
mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
tel-01-4578-431


3.
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
je potpuno isti izraz...
ili taj isti zadatak na malo dui ali sigurn
Koristimo pravila:
5
1) 2 3 2 3 5 5 ili
5
2) 2 4 1 2 4 7
n n n n n n
c a d a c d a c a d a c d a
c a d a c d a c a d a c d a
x
x x x x x
x
x x x x x
+ = + =
+ = + =

+ = + = =
`

)
+ + = + + =
( )
iji nain:
Dakle:
Praksa je pokazala da velika veina aka radi istu greku: uzimate da je: to nije tono!!
dakle vi kada raunate u glavi greite na ovaj nain:
2 4 1 2 4 1 2 4 7 1
0
2
x x x x x x x x x x
x x
x x
+ + = + + = + + = =
=
+ ( )
( )
( )
( )
ili to nije tono!!!
Jednom zauvjek treba zapamtiti pa to u zadatku treba izgledati ovako:
ili taj
4 6 2 4 0 2 4 6
1
2 4 1 2 4 1 2 4 7
3) 7 2 7 2 5 5
4) 9 2 3 9 2 3 1 9 9
x x x x x x x
x x
x x x x x x x x
a a a a a
y y y y y y y
+ = + + = + + =
=
+ + = + + = + + =
= = =
+ = + = =
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
isti zadatak na malo dui ali sigurniji nain:
9 2 3 9 2 3 1 9 2 3 1 9
5) 2 3 5 7 2
2 7 3 5 2 2 1 7 3 5 2 8 6 8 6
6) 2 3 2 3 1 6
7) 2 4 2 4 1 1
y y y y y y y y y y
x a x a x a
x x x a a a x a x a x a
xy xy xy xy xy
ab ab ab ab ab
+ = + = + =
+ + + =
= + + + = + + + = + = +
+ + = + + =
+ = + =
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2
2
2
Ovo je potpuno isti izraz
8) 4 2 9 4 2 9 3 3
9) 3 4 5 2 8 3 8
2 3 8 4 3 5 8
1 2 3 8 4 3 5 8
4 4 6
4 4 6
ab
xy xy xy xy xy xy
y x y z x y y z y x y
y y y z z x y x y x y
y z x y
y z x y
y z x y
=
+ = + = =
+ + + =
= + + + =
= + + + =
= + + =

`
= + +

)






























































11
M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak POTENCIJE
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2
ili taj isti zad
Koristimo pravila:
10) 7 2 4 7 2 4 9 9
11) 2 3 2 3 1
12) 3 4 3 4 1 6
n n n n n n
c a d a c d a c a d a c d a
c a d a c d a c a d a c d a
xy xy xy xy xy xy
x y x y x y x y x y
x y x y x y x y x y
+ = + =
+ = + =
+ = + = =
+ = + = + =
+ + + + = + + = +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 3 2 3 2 3
2 3 2 3 2 3
2 3
2 3
2 3
2 2
atak na malo dui ali sigurniji nain:
3 4 3 4 1
3 4 1
6
13) 5 2 2 7 3 3
5 2 3 2 7
5 2 3 2 7
6 9
6 9
14) 3 3 5 4 5 1
3
x y x y x y x y x y x y
x y
x y
x y z x y z x y z
x y x y x y z z
x y z
x y z
x y z
x x x x
+ + + + = + + + + =
= + + =
= +
+ + + =
= + + + =
= + + + =
= + =
= +
+ + =
= ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2
ili taj isti zadatak na malo dui ali sigurniji nain:
4 3 5
1 3 5
3 5
15) 3 1 6 1 1 3 6 1 1 2 1
3 1 6 1 1 3 1 6 1 1 1
3 6 1 1
2 1
x x
x x
x x
x y x y x y x y x y
x y x y x y x y x y x y
x y
x y
+ =
= + =
= +
+ + + + = + + = +
+ + + + = + + + + =
= + + =
= +
3.




































12
M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka
M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku
mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
tel-01-4578-431
5 3 5 3 8
2 7 2 7 9
2 2 3
2 5 2 2 5 2 2 5 2 3 7
2 6 4 8 2 6 4 8 20
4 7 4 7 4 7 11
Koristimo pravila: : :
1) 2 2 2 2
2) 5 5 5 5
3) 3 3 3 3
4) 7 7 7 7 7
5) 2 2 2 2 2 2
6) 3 2 3 2 6 6
n
n m n m n m n m n m n m
m
x x x x x
m m m m m m m
a
a a a a a a a a a
a
a a a a a a
+
+
+
+
+ +
+ + +
+
= = = =
= =
= =
= =
= = =
= =
= = =
2 3 2 3 5
3 5 1 3 5 1 3 5 9 1
2 4 6 2 4 6 12
2 2 5 2 2 2 6 5 3 4 12 15 31 5
2
2
3 3 2 6 6 6 2
2 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 5
3 6 3 6 9
4 2
Pazi
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
a a a a a a a
x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x
a a a a
a a
+
+ +
+ +
+ + + +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + +
+
= =
= = = =
= =
= = = =
= = =
= =

4 2 1 4 2 1 7 1
4 2 4 2 6
1
4 2 4 2 0 6
2 5 7 3 2 5 7 3 17
3 2 2 3 2 2 6 2
2
Pazi
Dosta esto radite ovakve greke:
to nije tono jer je:


14)
15)
16)
x x x x x x x
x y x x
a a a a a a a a
a a a a a
a a
a a a a a
a a a a a a
a a a a a
a a a
+ +
+
+ +
+ + +
+ + + + +
+
= = = =
= =

=
`
= =

)
= =
= =

3 2 3 2 3 4 4
3 4 1 3 4 1 3 4 8
17) 2 6 3 2 6 3 36 36
y x y x x y x x x y y x y
a a a
x x x x x x x x
+ + + + + + + + + +
+ +
= = =
= = =
4.

M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak POTENCIJE


4.
( )
2 5 2 3 6 3 2 2
2 5 2 1 3 1 1 6 3 2 2
7 2 1 3 1 1 6 3 4
7 7 3 4 3 4
Koristimo pravila: : :
18) 2 3 4 2
2 3 4 2
2 3 4 2
2 4 3 2
2 4
n
n m n m n m n m n m n m
m
a
a a a a a a a a a
a
x x x y x y x x x y y
x x x y y x x x y
x x y x x y
x x x y x y
+
+ +
+ + +
= = = =
+ + =
= + + =
= + + =
= + + =
= ( )
7 3 4
7 3 4
7 3 4
2 3 4 2 3 4 9
2 1 3 2 2 1 3 2 2 3 1 2
To je potpuno isti izraz... uobiajeni zapis je ovaj zadnji...
3 2
2 5
2 5
1 1 1 1 1
19)
2 2 2 2 2
20)
m m m m m m
x x y
x x y
x x y
x x x x
+ +
+ + + + + + + +
+ + =
= + =

`
= +

)
| | | | | | | | | |
= =
| | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ .
= = =
5 3
2 4 3 2 2 4 3 2 2 3 2 4 5 2
3
3 3 3 3 2 2 7
2 9
1 1 2 7 2 1 8 9 9
2 7 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 6 2
2 3 2 2
21)
22)
23)
24)
m
m m m m m m m
m
m m m m m m m
m
m n m n m n m n m n m n m m m n n n m n
m n m n m
x
x x x x x
x x x x x x x
x x x x x x
x x x
+
+ + + + +
| | +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + |

\ .
+ + + + + + + + + + +

= = =
= = = = =
= = =

2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 7 4
2 3 3 5 2 3 3 5 2 3 3 5 5 2
3 1 4 7 3 1 4 7 4 3 1 7 5 2 6 5 2 6
2 2
25)
26) 2 3 2 3 6 6 6
27) 2 5 2 5 10
n m n m n m n m m m n n n m n
m n m n m n m n m m n n m n
m n m n m n m n m m n n m n m n
x y x y x y x y
x x x
a a a a a
a a a a a a
a a a
+ + + +
+ + + + +
+ + + + + + + +
+ + + + +
= = =
= = =
= = = =
= =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 2
3 2 2 4 3 2 2 4 3 2 2 4 3 2 2 4 5 2
2 2 1 2 1 3
3 4 3 4 7
10
3 3 2 9 2 9 2 3 3
28)
3 4 3 4 3 2 2 2 2
29)
30)
x x y y x y
m n m n m n m n m n m n m m n n m n
a a
a a a a a a a
x y x y x y x y x y x y
x y x y x y x y
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+
+
=

= = = =

= = =
+ + = + = +






















13

M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka


4.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 2 2 3 4 1 2 2 3 4
2 3 1 2 4 6 1
1 1 1 1 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 3
Koristimo pravila: : :
31) 1 1 1 1
1 1
32)
33)
n
n m n m n m n m n m n m
m
m m m m m m
m m m m
m n m n m n m n m n m n
a
a a a a a a a a a
a
x y x y x y x y
x y x y
x y x y x y x y x y x y
x y x y x
+
+ + + + + +
+ + + +
+
= = = =
+ + + = + =
= + = +
+ = + + = + = +
+ + ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 1 3 2 2 1 3 3
2 2 1 3 3
2 2 1 3 3
2 1
3 2 4 3 2 3 2 4 3 2
2 2 2 2 2
3
2
34)
m m m m
m m
m m
m m
x y x y x y y x x y x y x y y x
x
y x y x y x y x y x y
x y x y
x y x y
x y x y
ab ab ab ab ab
c c c c c
ab
c

+ +
+ +
+
+ + +
+
= + + =
= + =
= + =
= +
| | | | | | | | | |
= =
| | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ .
| |
=
|
\ .
( ) ( )
4 2 2 3
6
2
4 2 2 4 2 2 1 4 2 2 1 6 3 6 3
5
6 4 6 4 5 6 5 4 1 11 5
2 3 4 3 4 2 2 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 3
1 1 1
35) 9 9 3 3 3 3
3 3 3
1
36) 25 5 5 5 5
5 5
37) 2 3 2 3 6
x x x y y y y
x y
ab
c
x y x y x x y y x y x y x y
yx
x y x y y x x y x y
x y z x y z x x y y z z x y
+ +

+ +
+ +
+ +
=
| |
=
|
\ .
= = = =
= = =
= =
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
4 4 2 5 7 6
2 4 3 2 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 2
2 4 2 3 2 2 2 1 2
6 5 4 3 2
2 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 3
1 2 2 1
6
38) 3 2 7 3 2 7
3 2 7
3 2 7
1 1
39) 2 2 2 2
2 2
2
z x y
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
xy x y xy x y xy x y xy xy xy x y
x x y y
+
+ + + +
=
+ = + + + =
= + =
= +
| | | |
+ = + =
| |
\ . \ .
=
1 1 2 3 1 3 2 1
1 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 1 3 2 1
3 3 2 5 4 3
1
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
x x y y x x y y
x y x y x y
x y x y x y
+ + + + + +
+ =
= + =
= +
z





























































14
M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku
mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
tel-01-4578-431

15
M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak POTENCIJE
4
( )
9 5 9 5 4 4
7 5 7 5 2
5 3 5 3 2
3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2
U slijedeim zadacima koristimo pravilo:
Pazi: drugi eksponent se
. :
40) 2 : 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 16
41) 13 : 13 13 13 169
42) 3 : 3 3 3
43) 5 : 5 5 5 5 5
n m n m
x x x x x
m m m m m m m m m
a a a

+ +
=
= = = = =
= = =
= =
= = = =

3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 4
mora staviti u zagradu...vrlo esto radite ovakvu greku:
to nije tono!
Ovdje je pogreka u predznaku kod zadnjeg lana, jer prvom promjenite predznak,
a drugom
5 : 5 5 5 5
m m m m m m m
= = =

4 2 4 2 2
6 2 6 2 4
7 2
ne, to se dogaa zbog toga to radite napamet... tj. preskaete korake...
Preporuka: im imamo vielane eksponente koristite zagrade i ne preskaite korake...
44) :
45) :
46) : :
x x x x
x x x x
x x x

= =
= =
3 7 2 3 2
7 3 4 7 3 4 6
2 1 2 1 2 1
1 1 2 2 1 4 1 3
2
2
2 2 2 2 2
7 1 7 1 7 1 3 7 3 4
9 3 9 3 9 9 9
2 2 1 2 2 2 10 1 5 4 20 5 21 1
2
2
5 5 2 10 10 10 2
4 2 4 2 2
47) :
1
48) : :
49) :
50) :
51) : :
52) :
x x x x
x x
x x x x x
x x x x x x
x
x x x x x x
x x x x x x
x x x x x x x
a a a a

+

= =
= =
= = = =
= = = =
= = = =
= = = =
= =
8 3 2 8 3 2 3
2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 4
4
7 2 3 7 2 3 8
5
5 2 5 2 3
2
8
8 3 8 3 5
3
3
3 3
2
1
1
2 2
ili
U slijedeim zadacima koristimo pravilo:
53) : :
1
54) : : : :
55) :
:
56) :
57) :
58) :
x
n
n m n m
m
a a a a a
a a a a a a a a
a
a a a a a
a
a a a
a
x
x x x x
x
x
x x x x
x
x
x x x x
x


+

= =
= = = =
= =
= =
= = =
= = =
= = =
3 2 1
2 2
7
1 7 1 7 7 3 1 4 21 4 17
4
3 4 3 4 12 12 12
1
3
59) :
x
x
x x x x x x
x

=
= = = = =













M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

4.
( )
( )
1
1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 1
2 2
3 7
3 7 3 5 3 7 3 5 3 7 3 5 3 3 7 5 2
3 5
8 7
1 8
3 2
U slijedeim zadacima koristimo pravilo: :
60) :
61) :
62) :
n
n m n m
m
m
m m m m m m m m m
m
m
m m m m m m m m
m
m
m m
m
a
a a a
a
x
x x x x x x
x
x
x x x x x x
x
x
x x
x

+
+ + + + + +
+
+
+ + + + + +
+
+

+
= =
= = = = =
= = = = =
=
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
8 7 3 2 1 7 3 2 1 8 7 3 2 1 8 3 7 2 1 4 6
9 11
9 11 2 3 7 10 7 10 9 11 2 3 7 10 9 11 2 3 7 10
2 3
9 2 7 11 3 10 4
7 4 7 4 3
2 3
: :
63) : : :
64) :
65) 2 3
m m m m m m m m m m m m
m
m m m m m m m m m m
m
m m m
x y
x x x x x x
a
a a a a a a
a
a a
x y x y x y x y
x y
+ + + + + + + + +
+
+ + + + + + +

+ +

+
= = = =
= = = =
= =
= =
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 0
6 4 6 4 2
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
2 4 4 2 4 2 4 4 2 4 2 4 4 2 4
2 4 4 4 2 5
: 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 1
66) :
67) 2 2 : 2 2 2
2 2
x y x y x y x y x y
m m m m m m m m m
m m m m
x y x y x y x y
a b a b a b a b
c c c c
x y x y x y x y x y
x y x y
+ + + +

+ + +
+ +
= = = =
| | | | | | | |
= =
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
+ + + = + = + =
= + = +
( )
2
2 3 3 4 4 2 3 3 4 4 3 2 3 4 4
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
3 4 4 2 3 1
2 2 3
3 3 2
U ovom sluaju moete ostaviti i ljevo rjee
ili
68) :
x x x x x x x x x
x x x
a b a b a b a b a b
c c c c c
a b a b c
c c a b

+ + +
+ +
| | | | | | | | | |
= = =
| | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ .
| | | | | |
= = =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
( ) ( )
nje...
jer jo nismo obradili pravilo:"na minus prvu"
2 4 2 2 4 2 2 2 4 2
2 4 2 2 2 4 2
Mnoimo svaki lan prve zagrade sa svakim lanom druge zagrade...
69) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1
x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x
+ +
+ + = + + =
= + + =

_
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
6 4 2 4 2
6 4 4 2 2
6
2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2
2 1 2 2 2 2
3 4 2 2
4 3
1
1
1
70) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1
1
1
x x x x x
x x x x x
x
x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x
+ +
= + + =
= + + =
=
+ + = + + + + + =
= + + + =
= + + + =
= + + +

























































16
M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku
mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
tel-01-4578-431

17
M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak POTENCIJE
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
Koristimo pravila:
vidi zadatke: 7),13),14),15),16),17),18),19),23),24)...

vio nam se jedan problem a taj je
2.
:
ogledajmo opet u zada kako smo k t t o a
z
m m
n n
n n n n n n n m n n m z
n
ab a b abc a b c a a a a
x

= = = =

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
na eksponent
na eksponent
2
parni
3
neparni
4
3
Imamo neparan broj "minusa" pa e i umnoak bi
1 1
Zakljuak:
1 1
tamo rjeili:
. 4) 1 1 1 1
5) 1 1 1 1 1
6) 1 1 1 1 1 1
7) 2 2 2 2 8
2

=
=

= =

= =
`

= =

)
= =
_
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
4
4
Imamo paran broj "minusa" pa
je produkt pozitivan broj
53
53 puta bi to trebali na
ti negativno tj. imati e predznak minus
8)
vlja ovakav problem: ...
x x x x x x
x x x x
= =
=
_
( )
( )
pisati
a to je previe pisanja
pa emo rae gledati eksponent
53
53
54
je logiki je pitanje koliko je eksponent je 54, 54 je paran broj
u eksponentu je 53 ,
an broj pa je:
?
x x
x
=
=

_
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
na eksponent
na eksponent
54
54
55
55
56
56
2 parni
2 parnu
2 1 neparni
neparnu
pa je:
Zakljuak:

jer je eksponent 55, a 55 je neparan broj
jer je eksponent 56, a 56 je paran broj
ili
n
n
n
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x
+
=
=
=
= =
= =
=

( )
( )
2 1
4
4
3
3
2 je oznaka za parni broj
2 1 je oznaka za neparan broj
Sada to primjenimo u zadatcima:
. 8) zato to je eksponent 4, a 4 je paran broj
7) 2 2 8 zato to je eksponent 3, a 3 je neparan broj
Po
2
n
n
n
x
x x
+
+
=
= =
= = =
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 3
3
3 3 3
3
Svaki negativan broj
da se zapisati u obliku:
1
4 4 4
4 4 4
II na
stoji i drugi nain rjeavanja ovakvih zadataka:
II nain
7) 2 1 2 1 2 1 8 8
2 1 2 1 2 1 8 8
8) 1 1 1
x
x x
x x x x x

=
= = = =
= = = =
= = = =
_
in
5.

Poja
P















Sada se ja



53 je nepar
dal
( )

18
M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka
M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku
mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
tel-01-4578-431
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
) ( )
) ( )
) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 4 6
2
Koristimo pravila:
Postupili smo prema prvom pravilu...

1 2 2 4 4
2 3 3 9 9
3 3 3 9
3
4 4 16 4
z
m m
n n
n n n n n n n m n n m z
n
n n
ab a b abc a b c a a a a
ab a b
x x x x
x x x x
x y x y x y x y
ab


= = = =
=
= = =
= = =
| | | |
= = =
| |
\ . \ .

( ) ( )
) ( )
) ( ) ( )
) ( )
) ( ) ( )
3 3
3
3
2 3 2 3 2 3 3 6
3
4 4
4
4 4
2 3 2 3 2 4 3 4 8 12
4
2
2 2 2 4
2 2
2 2 2 2 4
Postupili smo prema drugom i treem pravilu...
I
2 2 2 8
4
3 3 27 3
1 1 1 1
5
2 2 16 2
6
7
m
n
n n n n n m
c a b c a a
xy x y x y x y
x y x y x y x y
x x x
x x x x

= =
| | | |
= = =
| |
\ . \ .
| | | |
= = =
| |
\ . \ .
= =
= = =
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
) ( )
) ( )
( )
) ( ) ( ) ( )
) ( ) ( ) ( )
) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2 2 4
3
2 2 3 6
5
2 2 5 10
2 2 2
3 4 2 3 4 3 2 4 2 6 8
3 3 3
3 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 9 12
4 4
3 4 4 3
nain
II nain:
Prema pravilu:
7 1 1 1
8
9
10 2 2 4 4
11 2 2 8 8
12 2 2
m
n n
a a
x x x x x
x x x
x x x
x y x y x y x y
x y x y x y x y
x y x

=
`
= = = =

= =

= =

)
= = =
= = =
=
( )
) ( ) ( )
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
4
4 3 4 4 4 12 16
3
3
2
2 2 3 6
3 3 3
3 3
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 3 6
II nain:
16 16
13
13 1 1 1
y x y x y
y y y y
y y y y y y y

= =
(
= = =

( ( (
( = = = = = =


5.

m

















19
M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak POTENCIJE
5.
( )
( )
( ) ( )
na eksponent
na eksponent
parni
parnu
neparni
neparnu
3 3
2 2 2 3 6
Koristimo pravilo: prilikom raunanja nainom u
14), 15), 16),17), 18), 19)...
to je bio I nain rjeavanja
I
14)
II nain
1
x x
x x
y y y y

=
=
= = =
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3 3 3
3
2 2 2 2 3 6 6
3
2
2 2 2
2
3 3 3 3 2 6 6
2 2
3 3 3 2 6
Prema pravilu:
Prema pravilu:
to je bio II nain rjeavanja
to je bio I
4 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
15 1 1 1 1
15)
neparnu
parnu
y y y y y y
y y y y y y
y y y y

= = = = =

= =
= + = + =

= = = = =
= = =
( ) ( )
) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
) ( ) ( )
3 3
3 3
4 4 4 3 12 12
3 3 3
3
4 4 4 4 3 12 12
2 2
5 5 5 2 10
nain rjeavanja
to je bio I nain rjeavanja
II nain
to je bio I nain rjeavanja
16
16 1 1 1
17
1
parnu parnu
y y
y y y y y
y y y y y y
x x x x

=
= = = + =
(
= = = = =
(

= = =
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2
2
5 5 5 5 2 10 10
2 2
2 2
5 5 5 5 5 2 10
2 2
5 5
2
2 5
II nain
U 18) pokazat emo tri naina rjeavanja:
to je bio I nain rjeavanja
7 1 1 1
18
18 1
1 1
x x x x x x
x x x x x x
x x
x

(
= = = = =
(

( (
= + = = = =

( (
= =

= = =
( ) ( ) ( )
) ( ) ( ) | |
2 2
2
5 5 5 2 10
2 2 2
5 5 5 5 2 10
II nain
III nain ...u min us i minus daju plus
U ovom 18) zadatku najbri ne III nain rjeavanja... dok je u 19) definitivno II nain najb
1 1 1
18
x x x x
x x x x x

= = =
(
( = + = = =


olji....














































20
M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka
M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku
mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
tel-01-4578-431
5.

) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 4 20
2 2
2 2
2
5 5
I nain
I nain u ovom zadatku pomalo zbunjuje pa je bolje to rjeavati na II nain izluivanjem 1 :
II nain:
1 1
x x x x x x x
x x x

( (
= + = = = = =
( (

( (
= =
( (

( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
) ( ) ( ) ( )
) ( ) ( )
) ( ) ( ) ( )
) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2
5
2
5 2
2
10
2 2
2
10 10 10 2 20
2
5 5 2 10 10
3 3
2 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 6
4 4 4
2 3 2 3 2 4 3 4 8 12
2 2
2
3 3 3 2 6
2 2
1
1
1 1 1
2 2 8 4
2 2 4 4
2 4 jer je: 2
x
x
x x x x
x x x x
ab a b a b a b
a b a b a b a b
y y y y

(
=
(

(
= =

( = =

( = = = =

= = =
= = =
= = =
= = =

= = ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
na eksponent
na eksponent
2 2
2
3 3 3 3
3
4 4 4
4
2
3
parni
parnu
neparni
neparnu
oristimo pravilo:
1 2 1 2 1 4 4
2 8 jer je: 2 1 2 1 2 1 8 8
2 1 2 1 2 1 16 16 itd.
ili ovako: 2 2 2 4
2 2 2 2 8
ili k
x x
x x
=
=
= = =
= = = = =
= = = =
= =
= =
( )
( )
( )
) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
3
3
3
3
3 3
3
2 2 3 2 3 6
3 3 3 3
3
pa je:
ili
2 2 4
2 2 8
3 3 27
24 3 3 3 27
3 1 3 1 3 1 27 27 3 3 3 3
y y y y

= =
= =
= =

= = =

= = = = = =
19




19










20



21



22

23


















27

M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak POTENCIJE

5.

25



25




25





26


26




27


) ( )
) ( )
) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2
2
2 2 2 2 2 4
2
2 2
2
2
2 2 2 2 4
2
2 2 2
2
2
2
2 2 2 2 2 4
2
25) zadatak na tri nai
2 2 2 2 4
3 3 3 9 3
2 2 2 4
3 3 9 3
2 2 2 2 4
1 1 1
3 3 3 9 3
x x x x x
x x x x
x x x x x

| | | | | |
= = = =

| | |
\ . \ . \ .

| | | |
= = + =
`
| |
\ . \ .

| | | | | |

= = = =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
)
) ( )
) ( )
) ( )
) ( )
) ( ) ( ) ( )
) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 3
3
3
2 2 2 2 3 6
3
3 3
3
3
2 2 2 3 6
3
2
2 2
3
3 3
4 4 4
4 4 4 4
na
I nain
II nain
2 2 2 2 8
3 3 3 27 3
2 2 2 8
3 3 27 3
28
29
30
m m m
n n n
m n m n m n m n
m m m
m n m n
x x x x x
x x x x
x x x
y y y
x y x y x y x y
x y x y

| | | | | |
= = = =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
| | | |
= = =
| |
\ . \ .
= =
= =
= = =
= =
) ( ) ( ) ( )
) ( ) ( ) ( )
) ( ) ( )
) ( ) ( )
) ( )
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
2
2 2 2
3 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 6 4
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
2
2 2 2
3
3 3 3
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
31
32
33 2 2 2 2 4
34 3 3 3 3 27
35 2 2 2
36 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 4
m m n m m n m
x y x y x y x y
x x x
x y x y x x y x x xy
x
x x x x
x
x x x x
x
x x x x
m n
m n m n m n m n m
x y x y
a b a b a b a b
a b a b a b a b

=
= = =
= = =
= = = =
= = = =
= =
= = = = = 9 4 9
n m n
=
21

M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

5.



37





38




39
) ( )
( )
( )
( )
) ( )
( )
) ( )
( )
) ( )
( )
) ( )
( )
( )
) ( ) ( )
( )
) ( )
( )
( )
4
3
2 2 3 4 24
5
4
3 3 4 5 60
4
2 2 4 8
3 3 3
2
6 5
2 3 2 6 2 3 5 24 15 24 15 39
2
4 3
3 5 3 4 5 3 2 12 30 12 30 42
3
5 7
2 4 2 5 3 4 7
Prema pravilu:
40
41
42
43 : :
z
m
n n m z
x
x x
y
x
x y xy
x x x a a
y y y
x x x
y y y
x x x x x x x x
y y y y y y y y
x x x x




+
+

= = =
= =
= =
= =
= = = =
= = = =
=
) ( )
( )
( )
( )
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
30 28 30 28 2
8 5
6 4
3 2 3 6 8 2 4 5 144 40 144 40 104
3 3
2 3 3 2
2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2
3
2 3 3 3 2 2 2
3
6 9 2 4
6 2 9 4
6 2 9 4
:
44 : : :
2 2
45 : 2 : 2
3 3
2
: 4
3
8
: 4
27
8
:4 :
27
2
27
x x x x
a a a a a a a a
a b ab a b a b
a b a b
a b a b
a a b b
a b

= = =
= = = =
| | | |
(
= =
| |
(

\ . \ .
= =
= =
= =
= =
4 5
2
27
a b =




22
M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku
mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
tel-01-4578-431

M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak POTENCIJE
23
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
3 3
3 3 3 3 3
2 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 2
3
2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3
3
6 9 9 6
6 9 9 6
6 9 9 6
Koristimo pravila:
1 1
4 4
2 2
1
64
2
1
64
8
1
64
8
64
8
z
m m
n n
n n n n n n n m n n m z
ab a b abc a b c a a a a
x y x y x y x y
x y x y
x y x y
x x y y
x y


+ +
= = =
| | | |
(
= =
| |
(

\ . \ .
= =
= =
= =
= =
=
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
) ( )
15 15
15 15
3 3
3 3 3 3 3
2 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 2
3
2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3
3
6 9 9 6
6 9 9 6
6 9 9 6
3 3
3
3
3
3
2
8
8
1 1
: 4 : 4
2 2
1
: 64
2
1
: 64
8
1
:64 : :
8
1
8 64
1
512
1 1
512
512
48 3
x y
x y
x y x y x y x y
x y x y
x y x y
x x y y
x y
x y
y
x
y
x
a b

=
=
| | | |
(
= =
| |
(

\ . \ .
= =
= =
= =
= =

= =
= =
=
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
) ( )
( )
2 2 2
3 2 3
2 2 3 2
2 2 6
2 2 6
2 2 6
4 7
1
3 1 3 3 3
3
3
3
3
3
3
49
x x
x x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x
m
m m
a b a b a b
a b a b
a b a b
a a b b
a b
a b
x x x

+ +
+
+ +
(
= =
(

= =
= =
= =
= =
=
= =

5.

=





46



















47



















M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

5.





49





50











51











52








53
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
) ( )
( )
) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1
3 1 3 3 3
2 1 1
3 2 1 2 1 3 2
6 3 2 2
6 3 2 2
6 2 3 2
8 5
2 1 1
3 2 1 2 1 5 3
6 3 2 2
6
Koristimo pravila:
: :
:
z
m m
n n
n n n n n n n m n n m z
m
m m
m m
m m
m m
m m
m m
m
m m
m m
m m
m
ab a b abc a b c a a a a
x x x
x x x x
x x
x
x
x
x x x x
x x
x

+
+ +



+
+

= = =
= =
= =
= =
= =
= =
=
= =
= =
=
( )
) ( ) ( )
( )
) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
3 2 2
6 3 2 2
6 2 3 2
4 1
3 2
2 3 2 3 3 2
6 6
6
6
4 6 3
3 2 4 3 4 2 6 4 3
12 12 12
12
12
12
2 3 2 3
2 3
2 3
5
3 4 3 4
3 4
1 3 4
2
2
m
m m
m m
m
x
x
x
x x x x
x x
x
x
a a a a a a
a a a
a
a
a

+
+

=
= =
= =
=
+ = + =
= + =
= + =
=
+ = + =
= + =
= + =
= =
=

=











24
M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku
mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
tel-01-4578-431

M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak POTENCIJE

6. ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2 4 4 4
2 4
3 3
Koristimo pravilo:
1) 2 5 2 5 10 2) 3 4 3 4 12
3) 4 6 4 6 24 4) 2 4 2 4 8
5) 6) 1 1
3 8 3 8
7)
4 3 4 3
n
n n n
x x
x x x x x x
a y
a a a y y y
a b c abc
a c ac b b a b a b
a
b c b c b a b a
=
= = = =
= = = =
| | | | | | | | | | | |
= = = = =
| | | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ . \ .
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .
3 3
3
2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
3 3
3
moemo ostaviti u ovom obliku
ili dalje:
nakon kraenja
4 2 3
2 8
4 3
2 2 4 4 2
8)
2 2 2
2 4
9)
x y xy xy
x x y x x y x y
x x
xy x xy x
z yz z yz
| | | |
= = =
| |
\ . \ .
| | | | | |
| | | |
= = = =
| | | | |

\ . \ .
\ . \ . \ .
= =
| | | |
| |
= =
| | |
\ .
\ . \ .
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
3
3 3 2
2 2 3 6
2 3 2 3 6
2
1 m+1
1
1
1 1 2
2 1 2 2 2
2 1 2 2 2 1
2
2
2 3 6
4 3 2
nakon kraenja 10)
11)
m
m
m
m m
m m
m m m
x
x x x x x
z z z z z
z
xy x xy x
z yz z yz
x
x x x x x
z z z z
z
z
x y z
z x y

+
+
+
+ +
+ +
+ + +
| | | |
= = = = =
| |

\ . \ .
| | | |
| |
= = =
| | |
\ .
\ . \ .
| | | |
= = = = =
| |

\ . \ .
| | | |

|
\ . \
( )
( )
2 2 2
2 2 1 4 2 2 3 6
4 3 2 4 2 1 2
2
2 2
2 2 2 4
1 2 1 2 2
1
2 2 1 4 2 2 3 6 2 3 6
4 3 2 4 3 2 4 2 1 2
nakon kraenja
nakon krae 12)
m m m m
x y y z z x y z
z x y z x x y
z
z z z
x x x
x
x y y z z x y z x y z
z x y z x y z x x y

| | | |
= = = =
| | |

. \ . \ .
| |
= = = =
|
\ .
| | | | | | | |
= = =
| | | |

\ . \ . \ . \ .
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 2
1 2 1 2 2
1 1
1
5 5 5
5
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
5
2
nja
.
1 1
13)
1 1 2 2
1 1
1
1 1
1
m m
m
m m m m
m m m
y z
y z y z y z
x x
x
x y x x y x y x x y
x x y x x y x xy y x xy y
x x
x y x y
x x y
x y
x y x x x
x x y x y

=
| |
= = = =
|
\ .
| | | | | | + + | |
= =
| | | |
+ + + + + +
\ .
\ . \ . \ .
| |
+
+
| = =
|
+
+
\ .
+
=
+ + +
( )
( )
( )
( )
5
5 5
5
pa kratimo
1
1
y
x y
x
x
x y
x y
| | +
= =
|
|

\ .

| |
= =
|
+
+ \ .
x

















































25

M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka


7.
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
po pravilu:
primjenili smo pravilo:
Koristimo pravila:
Izraunaj:
2 2 4
1)
3 9 3
2 3 3 9
2)
3 2 4 2
2
uputa: 2)
3
n n
n
n n n
n n
n n
n
n
n
a a
b b
a a a b b
b b a b a
a a
b b

| |
=
|
\ .
| | | | | |
= = =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
| | | |
= = =
| |
\ . \ .
| | | |
= = =
| |
\ . \ .
|

2 2
2
2
po pravilu
3
3
3
4
4
4
1 1
primjenili smo pravilo:
primjenili smo pravilo:
3 3 9
2 4 2
1 1 1
3)
2 8 2
2 2 16
4)
3 81 3
5 7 7
5)
7 5
n n
a b
b a
n
n
n
n
n
n
a a
b b
a a
b b

| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .

| | |
= = =
| |
. \ .
| | | |
= = =
| |
\ . \ .
| | | |
= = =
| |
\ . \ .
| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .
_
1 1 1
2 2
2
2
3 3
3
mjeoviti broj treba prvo pretvoriti u razlomak.. .
primjenili smo pravilo:
5
1 7 2 2 9 7
6) 1
7 7 7 9
4 5 5 25
7)
5 4 16 4
2 3 3
8)
3 2
n n
n
n
a b b
b a a

| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .
+ | | | | | |
= = =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
| | | |
= = =
| |
\ . \ .
| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .
3
2 2 2 2 2
2
2
2 2 2 2 2
2
2
mjeoviti broj treba prvo pretvoriti u razlomak.. .
27
8 2
2 3 1 1 6 1 7 3 3 9
9) 2
3 3 3 3 7 49 7
1 7 2 2 7 2 9 7 7 49
10) 1
7 7 7 7 9 9

=
+ + | | | | | | | | | |
= = = = = =
| | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ .
+ + | | | | | | | | | |
= = = = = =
| | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ .

81


































26
M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku
mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
tel-01-4578-431

27
M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak POTENCIJE

3 3 3 3 3
3
3
2
mjeoviti broj treba prvo pretvoriti u razlomak.. .
Koristimo pravila:
1 2 1 1 2 1 3 2 2 8
11) 1
2 2 2 2 3 27 3
3 4
12)
4 3
n n n
n n
n n
a a a b b
b b a b a

| | | | | |
= = =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
+ + | | | | | | | | | |
= = = = = =
| | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ .
| | |
=
|
\ . \
( )
( )
na eksponent
na eksponent
2
2
2
2
2
2
parni
parnu
neparni
neparnu
2 2 2
2
2
nain oristimo pravilo: pa je:
4 16
9 3
13)
14) I k
14) jer je:
parnu parnu
x x
x x
x x
y y
x x x x x x x
y y y y y y
=
=
|
= =
|
.
| |
=
|
\ .
| | | | | | | | | |
= = = = =
| | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ .
( )
( )
2
2 2 2
2 2
2
2 2
3 3
3
3
3 3 3
3
II nain
nain rastavili smo na:
I nain
...
14) 1 1 1
II 1 ...
15)
15) 1 1
y
x x x x x
y y y y y
x x
y y
x x x
y y y
x x x
y y y
| |
=
|
\ .
| | | | | |
= = = =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
| | | |

| |
\ . \ .
| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .
| | | | | |
= = =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
( )
( )
( )
na eksponent
na eksponent
3 3
3 3
parni
parnu
neparni
neparnu
4 4
4
na parni eksponent
parnu
4
4
II nain
nain oristimo pravilo: pa je:
II nain:
1
16) I k
16) jer je:
16)
x x
x x
x x
y y
x x x
x x
y y y
x
y
=
=
=
| | | |
= = =
| |
\ . \ .
| |
=
|
\ .
( )
4 4
4 4
4
4 4
2 2 2 2
2
2
1 1 1
1 2 1 1 2 1 3 3
17) 1
2 2 2 2 2
x x x x
y y y y
| | | |
= = =
| |
\ . \ .
+ + | | | | | | | |
= = = =
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
7.























M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka


7.
2 2 2 2 2
2
2
2 2 2
I nain
II nain:
Koristimo pravila:
2 3 2 2 6 2 8 8 8 64
18) 2
3 3 3 3 3 9 3
2 3 2 2 6 2 8
18) 2
3 3 3 3
n n n
n n
n n
a a a b b
b b a b a

| | | | | |
= = =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
+ + | | | | | | | | | |
= = = = = = =
| | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ .
+ + | | | | | | | |
= = = =
| | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
( )
2 2 2
2
2
2
3 3 3 3 3
3
3
3 3 3 3
I nain
II nain:
8 8 8 6
1 1 1
3 3 9 3
2 3 2 2 6 2 8 8 8 512
19) 2
3 3 3 3 3 27 3
2 3 2 2 6 2 8 8
19) 2 1
3 3 3 3 3
| | | |
= = = =
| | |
\ . \ .
+ + | | | | | | | | | |
= = = = = = =
| | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ .
+ + | | | | | | | | | |
= = = = =
| | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ .
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
3 3
3
3
3
2 2 2 2
2
2
4
4 2
2 2 4 8
3 4 3 4 12
3
3
3 3 3
3 3 3 3 9
4 4 3 4 3 12
4
3
4
I nain
8 8 5
1 1
3 2 3
3 5 4 4 15 4 19 19 361
20) 3
5 5 5 5 25 5
21)
22)
22)
x
x x x
y y y
y
x
x x x x
y y y y
y
x
y

| |
= = =
|
\ .
+ + | | | | | | | |
= = = = =
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
| |
= = =
|
\ .
| | | |
= = = =
| |
\ . \ .
|

\
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
3
3 3 3
3 3 3 9
3
4 3 4 3 12
4
2
2 2 3
3 3 3 2 6
4 4 2 4 2 8
4
2
2 2 3
3 3 3 2 6
2
4 4 2 4 2 8
4
II nain
I nain
II nain
1 1 1
23)
23) 1 1 1
x
x x x
y y y
y
x
x x x x
y y y y
y
x
x x x x
y y y y
y

| | |
= = = =
| |
. \ .
| | | |
= = = =
| |
\ . \ .
| | | |
= = = =
| |
\ . \ .
12
7
4


























28
M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku
mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
tel-01-4578-431

M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak POTENCIJE


7.
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2 2 3
2 2 3 2 2 3 4 6
4 2 4 2 8
4
2 2
2 5 6
6 2 5
2
6
2 2
2 5
Koristimo pravila:
po pravilu:
po pravilu:
24)
25)
n n n
n n
n n
n n
n
n
n
a a a b b
b b a b a
x y
x y x y x y
z z z
z
x y z a b b
b a z x y a
z
a
x y

| | | | | |
= = =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

| |
= = =
|
\ .
| | | |
| | | |
= = = =
| | | |
\ . \ .
\ . \ .
= =

( )
( )
6 2
2 2 5 2
12
4 10
3
3 3 4
4 3 4 12
2 3 2 3 3 6 3
3 2 3
3 3
2 3 3 3 4
3 4 2
Najkrae objanjenje:
Sve to ima minus u eksponentu
"skae" iz brojnik
2
8 2 8
26)
3 27 27
3
2
27)
2
m
n m
a
z
x y
z
x y
x
x x x
y z y z y z
y z
x y y z
z x

=
= =

| |
= = =
|

\ .
| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .
( ) ( )
( )
3
3 4
2
3 3
3 3 4
3
2
3 3 4 3 9 12
2 3 6
2 3
3 4
2 3 3 3 4
3 4
a u nazivnik i obrnuto...
Sada dodatna uputa: Razlomak
Ima u eksponentu "minus" pa se prvo rjeavamo tih "minusa"
8
8
512 512
2
2
2
y z
x
y z
x
y z y z
x x
x y
z
x y y z
z

| |
= =
|
\ .

= =

= =
=
2 2
2
3 4 3 4
U brojniku je bio: i on je "skoio" u nazivnik i sada je:
U nazivniku su bili i oni su "skoili" u brojnik i sada su:

: 2 2
x x
x
i z i z

29

M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka


7.
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
4 2 4
3 2 3
2
2 4
4 2 8
2 2 2 2 3 2 4 6
2 2 3
2 2
4 2 4
3 2 3
2
2 3
4
2
Koristimo pravila:
2 2
28)
5 5
2
4 4
25 25
5
2 2
29)
5 5
5
2
5
n n n
n n
n n
a a a b b
b b a b a
x y x
z y z
x
x x
y z y z
y z
x y x
z y z
y z
x

| | | | | |
= = =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .

= = =


| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .
| |
= =
|
\ .

=
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 3
2
2 4
2 2 3 2
4 2
4 6
8
3
3 3 3 4
4 3 4 2 4 12
3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3
3 2 3
1
1
2
3 2
3 2 3
3 2
2
25
4
25
4
2
8 2 2 8
30)
5 5 125 125
5
31)
32)
y z
x
y z
x
y z
x
x
x x y x x
z y z y z y
y z
x y y
y x x
x y y y y y
y x x x x

= =

| | | |
= = = =
| |

\ . \ .
| |
| |
= =
| |
\ .
\ .
| |
| | | |
= =
| | |
\ . \ .
\ .
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 1 2 1
3 2 2 1 1
3
3 3
3
2
2
2
3
3 3 3
2 5 3 3 3 9
3 2 5 3 3 2 3 5 3 6 15
2 5
2 3
2 3 2 3
33)
2 3 2 3
2 3
1
34)
1
35)
y y y x x
y x x x x y
x
x x
x x
x
x y
x y
x y
c
a b c c c
c a b a b a b
a b

= = =

+
+ | | | |
= =
| |
+
\ . \ .
| | | |
= =
| |

\ .
\ .
| | | |
= = = =
| |

\ . \ .
6 9
z






































30
M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku
mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
tel-01-4578-431

M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak POTENCIJE


7.
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
3 2
3 2 2 2
2
2 2 2
3 3 4 3 2 2
3 3 4
2 3 2 2 2
3 3 3 2 4 2
6 2 4
9 6 8
6 2 4
7 2 6 8
4
7 8
7
kratimo
Koristimo pravila:
36) : :
:
:
:
1
:
1
n n n
n n
n n
a a a b b
b b a b a
a y
a y y y
y a a
y a a
a y y
y a a
a y y
y a a
a y y
y y a a
y
y a
y

| | | | | |
= = =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
| | | |
| |
= =
| | |
\ .
\ . \ .
= =
= =
= =

= =
=
8
4
8 8 8
7 4 7 4 11
2 2
2
3 2
3 2 2
2 2
2
2
1 2
3 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 1 1
37) 2 2
2 3 8 4 9 4 2 4 2 2 3
1 2 1 9 1 1 1 1 11
9 2 4 18 4 36 36
8 2 1 3 1 4 1 4 1 16 1 2
38)
8 4 8 3 8 8 9 8 9 9 3
2 1 1
39)
3 3 2
a
y
a a a
y y y y
+

=
= = =

| | | |
+ = + = + = + =
| |

\ . \ .
+
= + = + = =

| | | |
= = = = =
| |
\ . \ .
| | | |
+
| |
\ . \ .
( )
3 1 2 3
2 2
2
2 3 2 3
2 3 2 3
3 2 2 3
2
2
2
3 3 2 3 3 3 2 5
9 8 1
2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2
3 2 3 4 3 2 4 27 2
40)
4 2 3 3 4 3 2 3 3
9 3 16 8 8 8 1
4 3 12
9 4 27 27 27

| | | | | | | |
= + = + = + = + =
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
( (
(
| | | | | | | |
= = =
( (
| | | | (
\ . \ . \ . \ .
( (

| |
= = = =
|
\ .
2
8 1 8 1
27 144 27 486 12
= =





































31

M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka


8.
0 1 1
0 0
0
0
2 4
po pravilu:
bez obzira to je u zagradi ako je eksponent

te zagrade nula sve je jednako jedan !
ili taj isti zadatak du
Koristimo pravila:
1 1
1 , , ,
1) 2 1 1
2) 1
3) 1
3)
n
n
a a a a a
a a
a
x
x y
z

= = = =
= =
=
| |
=
|
\ .
( ) ( )
( )
( )
0 0
0 2 4
2 4
0
0 0
0
0
0
0 0 0
0
0
im postupkom:
po pravilu:
bez obzira to je u zagradi ako je to na nultu sve j
1 1 1
1
1 1
4) 1 1 2
3 1
6) 3 1 1
7) 3 1 zato to je: 3 1 3 1 1 1
8) 3 3 1 3
9) 1
x y
x y
z z
x y
a
x
x y

| |
= = = =
|
\ .
+ = + =
=
= =
= = = =
= =
+ =
( )
( ) ( )
( )
0
0 0 0
0 0
0
0 0
2
0 2
e jednako jedan !
bez obzira to je u zagradi ako je eksponent
te zagrade nula sve je jednako jedan !
10) 2 7 1
11) 2 7 1 2 1 7 1 1 2 7 6
12) 2 7 1 1 1 1
13) 1 1 1
14) 1 1
x y
x y z
x y z
x x
x

+ = + = + =
+ = + =
= =
= =























5)














32
M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku
mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
tel-01-4578-431

33
M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak POTENCIJE


8.
( )
( )
( )
0 1 1
0 0
2
0 2
0
0
1 1
1
1
bez obzira to je u zagradi ako je to na nuultu sve je jednako jedan !
po pravilu:
Koristimo pravila:
1 1
1 , , ,
13) 1 1 1
14) 1 1
15) 1
16) 4 1
1 1
17) 5
5
1
18)
19) 0, 2
n
n
m
a a a a a
a a
x x
x
x
x
a
a
x
x

= = = =
= =
= =
=
=
= =
=
=
( )
( )
( )
1 1
1
1
2
2
3
3
2 2
2
2
2
prvo decimalni broj pretvorimo u razlomak...
po pravilu:
po pravilu:
2 1 5
5
10 5 1
1 1 1
20)
1 1 1
21) 3
3 9
1
22)
3 10 10 100
23) 0, 3
10 3 3 9
24) 2 5
n
n
n
n
x y a
x y a
x y
a
a
x
x
x

| | | |
= = =
| |
\ . \ .
= = =

= = =
=
| | | |
= = = =
| |
\ . \ .

( )
5
5
1
1
2 5
1
25) 4
4
x

=


































M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka


8.
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0 1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
ili na drugi nain:
ili na drugi nain:
Koristimo pravila:
1 1
1 , , ,
1
1 1 1 4 1 1 4
1
26) 4 4
1 1
4 1 1 4 1
4 4
1
1 4 1 4
1 1 1 4 1
1
27) 4 4
1 1
1 1 1 1
4 4
4 4
2 3 3
28) pr
3 2 2
n
n
a a a a a
a a

= = = =

= = = = = =

= = = = = = =

| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .
( )
( )
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
Isti taj zadatak po pravilu ispada: vidimo da je rezultat isti!
ili krae:
ema pravilu:
1
1 2 1 3 1 3
1
:
2 2
3 2 1 2
3 3
2 2 5 2
29) 2 5 10 2 5 2 5 10
5 1 5
2 5
2
30) 2
1
5
n n
n
n
a b b
b a a
a
a

| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .
| |
= = = = =
|

\ .

= = = = = =

= =

( )
2
2
4
4
4
5 4 4 3 7 9 5 4 4 3 7 9 5 4 9 4 3 7 0
5 10
3 3 2
31) 3 4 12
2 1
2 2
32) 2
1
33) 3 3 3 3 3 3 1
x x x x x x x x x
a a b
ab
b

+ + + +
=

= = =

= =
= = = =











































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35
M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak POTENCIJE


8.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0 1 1
2 1 3 2 3 6 2 1 3 2 3 6 2 3 1 3 2 6 0
2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 0
Koristimo pravila:
1 1
1 , , ,
34) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1
1
35) 5 5 5 5 5
5
36) 1
3
n
n
x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x
m n n m m n n m m m n n
a a a a a
a a
x y x y x y x y x y

+ + + + + + + + +
+ +
+ +
= = = =
= = = =
= = = =
+ + = + = + = + =
( )
1 1
0 0 0 1
1 1 1
0 1 3
3
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
1 3
7) 27 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 6
3 1
1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 5
38) 2 2 1 1 5
2 5 2 2 1 2 2 8 32 2
39) :
m n m n n m n m n n
x y
y
a b a b a b a b a b
c c c c c

+ + + + +
| | | |
= = =
| |
\ . \ .
| | | | | |
= = =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
| | | | | | | | |
= =
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \
2 0
2
3
2 2 2
2
3 1
3 1
2 4
2 4
2 2
2
1
1 2 4 1 1 1 1
2 2
8 2 8 2 2
40)
1 1 1 1 1 4 1
2 2
4 16 16 2 2
1 8 7
7 16
8 8
4 1 5
8 5
16 16
m n m n n
a b
c
+ +

| | |
= =
| |
. \ .
| | | | | |

| | |
| |
= = = =
| | |
|
+
+
\ . | | |
+ +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
| | | |

| |
| |
= = =
| |
|
+

\ . | |
| |
\ . \ .
( )
2
2 2 2
2
2
2
2 2 2
2
2
2 1
2
1 2
2
7 2
5
14 5 5 5 25 25
1 1 1
5 14 14 196 196 14
1 1 1 1 1
2 3 18
3 4 3 2 12
41)
1 1 1 1 1
12 2 3
2 2 9 18 3
6 3
6 2

| |
= =
|
\ .
| | | | | |
= = = = = =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
| | | | | |

| | |
| | | |
= = = = =
| | |
| |

\ .
\ . | | |

| | |
\ . \ . \ .
|
=


\
2
2 2
2
2
3 2 2 4
2 3 9 3

|
| | | |
= = = =
| | |
\ . \ .
.


























M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka


8.
0 1 1
2
2 2 2
2 2
2 1
2
1 2
2
Koristimo pravila:
1 1
1 , , ,
3 4
1 1 1 1 1
4 3 18 1 2 3
3 4 3 2 12
42)
1 1 1 1 9 2 11
11 12 2 3
2 2 9 2 9 18 3
3 6
11 2
n
n
a a a a a
a a

= = = =
| |
| | | | | |

|
| | |
| | | |
|
= = = = = =
| | |
| |
+
+ |
\ . \ . | | |
+ +
| | |
|
\ . \ . \ .
\ .

( )
2
2 2 2
2
2
2
0 0 1
0 0 1
0 1 2
2
2 3
3 22 22 22 484 484
1 1 1
6 22 3 3 9 3
1 3 1 1 1 3 1 2
43) 3 2 3 1 1 1
3 3 3 3 3
2 3 1 1 1 6 1 5
44) 3 2 3 1 1 2
3 3 3 3 3
3 4 1 1 1 12 1 11
45) 2 2 2 1 2 3
4 4 4 4 2
46) 2 2

| |
| | | | | |
= = = = = =
| | | |

\ . \ . \ .
\ .

= = = = =

+ = + = = = =

+ = + = = = =
=
2 3
3 2 1
3 2 1
2 3
2 3
2
2
3
3
2
3
ili isti zadatak na drugi nain:
1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
4 8 8 8 8 2 2
1 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 3
47) 2 2 2
8 4 2 8 8 8 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 8 9 1 1
48) 3 2
9 8 9 8 72 72 3 2
1 1
1 27 2 27
2 4
49)
1 1
4 1 4 3
27 3
2 3

3

= = = =
+ +
+ = + = + = = =

= = = = =

= = = =

=
3
2
3 2
2
2
3 2 3
2 2 2
vidi u 7. zadatku 27), 28), 29)
ili isti zadatak na drugi nain:
27
4 2
1 8
8
2 3 8 1 1 1
3 9
50)
16
16 9 16 9 2 18 4
1
2 3 2 8 1 1
16 9 2 9 18 4 4 3

= = = = =

= = = =

9








































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tel-01-4578-431

37
M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak POTENCIJE


8.
0 1 1
2 1
2 1
2 1 1
2 1 1
1
1
ili isti zadatak na drugi nain:
ili isti zadatak na drugi na
Koristimo pravila:
1 1
1 , , ,
1 4 1
4
2 4 1 2 2
4 4 1
51)
1 9 3
1 3 3 3 6
9
6 6 2
2 4 4 6 6 2
9 3 3 6 9 4
1
1
52)
1
1
n
n
a a a a a
a a
b a b
a
a a b
b

= = =

= = = = =



= = =

= = =

1
1
2 2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2 2
2
1 1 1
1
1 1 1
1
2
2
2 2 3 2
3 3
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
2
1
in:
ili drugi nain:
ili drugi nain:
ili drugi
1
1
53)
1
1
1
54)
1 1
1
1
55)
1
a b
a b
b a b a b
a
b a a b a
b
b
b
b c b c a b bc a b bc
a a
a a a c c
c c
a
a
a c a b a c
b b
c d d b d b d
d
c
c

= = = =

= = = = = =

= = = =

2 1 2 3 2
1 2 3 2 3 2
2
2
2 2 2 2 1 2 2
1
2 3 1 3 3 2 1
3
2 1
2 1
2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2
2 3 1 3 1 2 1
1 2
nain:
ili drugi nain:
1
56)
1 1
57)
a c a b a c
c d b d b d
b c
b c
b c y d b c y d x bc bdy
x x
cx y c d c x c x c c
c
y d
y d
b c y d b c y d x bc bdy
cx y c d c x c c x
x b

= =

= = = = =



= = =

2
2
2 2 3 2 3 2 5
1 2
2 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2
3 1
3
3 1 2 3 2 1 2 2 5
2 3 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2
ili drugi nain:
1 1
1 1
c
c
x b c c d c d c c
x b
y c d y x b y b xy b xy
y
c d
c d
c d c c d x b c c d
y c d x y b b xy b xy
+

+



= = = = =

= = =

d
a
=







































M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka
9.








38
M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku
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