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ELGHZIZAL’S SCRIBD DOCUMENTS

@@2@ë@1@ ‰þaë@ñbî§a@âìÜÇ@òîãbq@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@òîãbrÛa@ñ‰ë†Ûa 1@áÓ‰@ïÛŒä½a@ ŠÐÛa


 
 ‫א‬
t = 0 34.‫א‬5K‫א‬+,-./"
0‫א‬12#.(1' (‫"!אא א  )א‬#$# %#RC‫א א א‬
R = 100Ω ".
Uc(t)#$‫ א‬0 6‫א‬7879::‫; א‬6< 266=‫" א‬%#>.5'"‫(א‬1
 .Uc(t)?@‫ א‬.A2‫ א‬B0‫א‬C%D(2
 :‫>א( 'א‬.5  B0‫א‬E:F'GHD -I(3
t

τ
 .τLA ‫א‬BK U C (t ) = A(1 − e )
  !‫א‬MLN 5
0‫ א‬O#$‫א‬U ∝   (4
 ‫؟‬Q‫אא‬R3‫א‬S "T UV
 (2' (‫ א! )א‬TUc(t)#$‫א‬9::‫א‬Q‫>;; א‬.5F("(5
 E#$‫"א‬% BG(15
 .
0‫ א‬C  X‫א‬QRC !‫" א‬% WL‫(א‬25
 O%[‫א‬uc(t)#$‫א‬Y'ZH.‫א‬H34.‫א‬+t2Lt1 (6
U ∝  $Z‫ \א‬90°/°L10°/°
: X‫א‬Lt2 Lt1"% O5
 B$Z‫] א‬tm = t2 – t1
 ‫א‬+ "QC  X‫א‬Qtm^%#C LR TWLD(7
 ."% .5'Z_‫א[ א‬
‫א‬
  ;L ‫א‬B (I

$ L<%a. .\ L  LD'b$ L .  L LLaI'   ;$‫א‬$‫>א‬.56=‫" א‬%#1' (‫`
'א‬
 .2' (‫>א‬.5He
0‫א‬UBM(t)L UAM(t)H‫א‬#$‫ א‬9::‫א‬Q‫>;; א‬.5".
.
#$ ‫אא‬8:/ca2d0‫א‬c‫א‬BB=.
 (M$fB )GebT‫>א‬40‫א‬-YL UBM(t)L UAM(t)^%#6‫(א‬1
 .i(t)LRLL ' UBM(t)<#@‫ א‬e‫א‬X‫(א‬2
 .h‫א‬$We. UBM(t)L UAM(t) ' '
0‫>א‬40‫>א‬.5g#(3
X‫א‬Q.i(t) M8B‫א‬LSi‫^א‬%‫<א‬5D2' (‫>א‬.5‫א‬B5‫(א‬4
 .R = 5KΩ::jk".L  
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ELGHZIZAL’S SCRIBD DOCUMENTS
  !‫ א‬I(II
‫; א‬c‫^א‬/# 09$nO["L [‫אא א‬S ‫ אא‬V"، [‫; א‬$‫א‬m4‫   'א‬4
 i (t)  ‫א‬
>40‫<א‬j 9$i‫ א‬8:‫א‬#$‫א‬$F L ‫אא‬E:F]pT(1' (‫>אא א[ )א‬.5DHDo8:‫^א‬/‫א‬$F (1
 .h‫א‬$W'.5.i(t)
−t

 .τLAO
‫אא‬BK B0‫א‬E:q'G i(t ) = A(1 − e τ ) HDOL ‫אא‬S0‫א‬i(t)I@‫ א‬.A2‫ א‬B0‫א‬C%D(2
r Ls‫'א‬b$0‫ א‬L HDC.5‫א‬7VE 6K ‫ א‬$‫ א‬X‫א‬LQ‫אא‬R3‫א‬S ‫אא‬S0‫"; אא א‬% BG(3
 .R =25ΩS%A
L M‫א‬mI'   X‫א‬Q،τ !‫" א‬% O5(4

@@õbîàîØÛa
‫درا   ال ا  ا ر
 و ل‬
( ‫ادا ) ه روآ! ادیم‬
CA = E!6#AHh$ s‫א‬mtO+[‫'א‬52‫א‬u=" ‫אא‬E:FS
QG.CB = 2,00.10-2mlo.l-1!6#L7‫א‬B$Z‫א‬M$.KL2,88.10-2mol.l-1
pKA(AH/A- )=4 ".VB 5‫א‬QG5v"LVA =10ml '[0‫א‬%‫א‬mi‫א‬
 .'bi‫'א‬52‫ א‬B 6D(11
 25°C5‫א‬B$Z‫ א‬VB=7,2ml:jk"(12
 .52‫<א‬.w‫א‬S  H 3 O +  !6#[GD،pH = 4,0>5D<.w‫א‬pH(112
 .'52‫" א‬5 B$W$0‫[א‬6Lq‫א‬c"$D B  6nf(HO-)[G‫א‬Q،  HO  !6#X‫(א‬212


 :‫א‬2b$‫א‬MLx‫א‬QyD(312 
B0‫א‬ R‫א‬ HA(aq) + HO- (aq)  A- (aq) + H2O
 %‫ א‬i‫א‬ * * ^YL
'52‫א‬Mej * * ^YL
‫ א‬i‫א‬ * * ^YL
[6Lh$ s‫א‬mt  ]p{'52‫אא‬:FB5‫'` א‬FL،h‫א‬$W'.5‫؟‬BLKRD.6'bi‫'א‬52‫'א‬F(412 
 ‫؟‬R$B$Z‫א‬
 .AH/A- WLB!.pKA  -I(512
 ‫(؟‬12 $WD+ -Y‫א‬$#S ‫'א‬F،H]‫א‬$‫אא‬:qKH]‫א‬$‫[ א‬G‫א‬Q^%#WLD(13


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ELGHZIZAL’S SCRIBD DOCUMENTS

@@ ŠÐÛa@|îz–m
 
 ‫א‬
   ;$‫א א‬B(I
  .\%"W' (‫א‬3"‫(א‬11
   B0‫(א‬21
  \%"W %0‫" אא א‬%#>.5‫א‬B5‫א‬
 UAB = q/C LUBN= Ri + E = UBN + UAB
 dq dU C
i= =C
 dt dt
  :\ L dU C HDQ."
⇒ U BN = Ri = RC.
 dt
dU C
   RC + UC = E
dt
 X["E =RI0  e"‫א‬QI0 BfH%0‫( א‬15 −t

'46\A$ i(t ) = A(1 − e τ ) ' ;>.5|  B0‫'א‬G(3


 (\.2D' (‫א‬3"‫)א‬E = 20V  :p'‫א‬L .A2‫ א‬B0‫א‬S
−t
RC
Ae τ ( − 1) + A = E
−t τ
RC
  U C (t ) = E.(1 − e ) :\ L ⇒ RC − 1 = 0 ⇔ RC = τ
τ
⇒ A=E
− t

 \ L 0UV e τ
MLN "T UV !‫א‬MLN 5(4
 E=U ∝
−t
RC
  U C (t ) = E.(1 − e )  (7
  .q'0‫א‬#$‫א‬Lt2 Lt1~$"QUc Tt 5v
:\ Lτ = 2ms = RC :"% (25 −t
UC
−3 = 1 − e RC
τ 2.10 E
 C = = = 2.10−5 F = 20µ F −t
U −t U
R 100 e RC = 1 − C ⇒ = log(1 − C )
E RC E
 :"% (6 UC
  −t = RC.log(1 − E ) ⇒
\ Lt2= 4,6ms t1 = 0,2ms
0, 9 E
t2 = − RC log(1 − )
 t m = 4,4ms :B$Z‫] א‬ E
0,1E
t1 = − RC log(1 − )
 E
tm = t 2 −t1 = RC log 9

-%#

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ELGHZIZAL’S SCRIBD DOCUMENTS
tm 4, 4.10−3
 C = = = 2,1.10 −5 F ≈ 2.10 −5 F 8B5
R log 9 100.log 9
  ‫א‬
 UAM = - Ri (2) LUBM = L.di/dt (1) (1
  i = - UAM/R :X["(2) e‫( א‬2
  :>.5'Z4(2)S ‫~א‬$"
 − L dU AM
  U BM = .
 R dt
 UAM M'
0‫>א‬40‫א‬HkY
.
#$ ‫אא‬BL!$0‫א‬HD(3

(1) >40‫)א‬.[ UBMM'
0‫>א‬40‫א‬L((2) >40‫
)א‬.


M€SF^%#I ` LB ‫א‬B UAM #$‫א‬HD(4

D!pM‚‫ƒא‬2"S^%‫ƒא‬2"qƒ ‫אא‬HDL [0;T ]  ]

 :8D .Z  ‫\אא‬YH$ #D!WUVM‚‫א‬

   UAM = at +b:„G 0; T  
 2
8 − (−8)
  a = = 4.10 V .s −1 :\W$0‫ 'א‬0‫א‬
4

0, 4.10−3 − 0
  :\ LU(0) = - 8 >40‫ א‬t = 0 5b: 
‫א‬
 4
  U AM = 4.10 t − 8
   a = a ' '0‫ƒא‬2"q Z# 2…# ‫ א‬ T ; T  
 
2 
− L dU AM 4 -1
  U BM = . e‫[א‬GL  ˆ‫א‬  a’ = - 4.10 V.s ‫א‬7V UAM = a’t +b’
R dt
[GL 0; T  : !‫א‬M‚‫א‬S dU AM = 4.104 V .s −1 :[4 t = T/2M [‫ א‬B0‫א‬S"b’9[G
 2 dt
b’ = 24 Vp\ LU(T/2) = 8V ~$"L
 :\ L(Ee5D2' (‫א‬3"‫)א‬UBM = - 4V:M‚‫ƒא‬2"
3
U BM .R 4.5.10
  L = −dU = = 0,5 H 4
AM
4
4.10   U AM = −4.10 t + 24 :‫א‬7V
dt


 : !‫ א‬I(II
+a†L
.
#$ ‫אא‬BL!8:‫א‬$0‫א‬M%["(12
R" ‫א‬$L(‫א"‡א‬L V 0)#$# %#RL‫א‬
5 ‫אא‬S0‫`   ; אא א‬9$GL
 . 0‫]א‬o Ls‫'א‬b$0‫א‬S,O#$‫<א‬-,


 

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ELGHZIZAL’S SCRIBD DOCUMENTS
 (3   ‫א‬$  ‫א‬BS+.c‫א‬#$‫ א‬.[GL [‫( אא א‬22
 UR + UL = E

   Ri + L di = E
dt
 −t

 : [‫ א‬.A2‫ א‬B.'G i(t ) = A(1 − e τ ) HDO%



−t
di A τ
 = e
dt τ
−t −t
 A
⇒ RA(1 − e τ ) + L. eτ = E
τ
−t
L
  Ae τ ( − R) + RA = E
τ
E = 25.0,2 = 10V\ LE =R I0ˆ‫א‬ L L
⇔ − R = 0 ⇒τ =
 (Ee5DH%0‫א‬3"‫")א‬% τO#(4 τ R
E
⇔ RA = E ⇒ A =
L R
  τ = ⇒ L = R.τ = 25.2.10 = 0,1H
−3

R −t −t
E
  i(t ) = (1 − e τ ) = I 0 (1 − e τ )
R

( ‫درا   ال ا  ا ر


 و ل ادا ) ه روآ! ادیم‬ :‰ ‫א‬
 HA(aq) + HO- (aq)  A- (aq) + H2O(11
(12
 H 3 O +  = 10− pH = 10−4 mol.l −1 (112
f

Ke 10−14
 HO −  = = = 10−10 mol.l −1
 
f
 H O
 3 f
+
 10 −4
(212
n f ( HO ) =  HO  .(VA + VB ) = 10
− − −10
(7, 2 + 10).10 −3
= 1, 72.10 −12
mol
 (312
B0‫א‬ R‫א‬ HA(aq) + HO (aq)
-
 A (aq)
-
+ H2O
 %‫ א‬i‫א‬ x =0 CA.VA=2,88.10-4mol CB.VB=1,42.10-4mol * * 0 ^YL
'52‫א‬Mej x 2,88.10-4mol - X 1,42.10-4mol - X * * X ^YL
‫ א‬i‫א‬ Xf 2,88.10-4mol - Xf 1,42.10-4mol – Xf * * Xf ^YL
τ‫א‬R‫ א‬%["9[G.5'bi‫'א‬52‫ א‬%,4(412
Xmax = 1,42.10-4mol \ L1,42.10-4mol – Xmax= 0 MLx‫ א‬xmax B4
Xf (HO- ) = n0(HO - ) – n f (HO - )B4

   n f (HO - )=1,72.10-12 mol: -%Š


Xf (HO- ) = 1,42.10-4mol –1,72.10-12 ≈ 1,42.10-4mol
:‫א‬7V‫א‬R‫ א‬%["
Xf 1, 42.10−4
..6H$ HD 0‫'א‬52#‹L; Hs .EB5‫` א‬L..6'bi‫'א‬52‫ \א‬L τ = ≈ ≈ 1
X max 1, 42.10−4

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ELGHZIZAL’S SCRIBD DOCUMENTS

AH/A - : WLB!.pKA  -4‫(א‬512



 A− 
pH = pK A + log  
[ AH ]
Xf c0‫א‬S %
0‫א א‬FL
A 

1, 42.10−4
pK A = pH − log   = pH − log
VA + VB
= 4 − log = 4, 01 ≈ 4
[ AH ] C AVA − X f 2,88.10 −4 − 1, 42.10 −4
VA + VB

(13

  HA(aq) + HO- (aq)  A- (aq) + H2O: B0‫ א‬K H]‫א‬$‫ א‬


 A− 
 8DKeLKA T/b'$I `@‫א‬L K= : 
‫" א‬
[ AH ] .  HO − 
 A−   H 3 O +  K
K= . = A = 10 pKe − pK A = 1014− 4 = 1010
[ AH ]  H 3O   HO  Ke
+ −

 . [‫א‬X‫א‬-Y‫א‬$ $FL.6E%5‫'` א‬bi‫'א‬52‫א‬HŒY\ L‫א‬W ^%6 FL


















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