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AKITIRK
AKITSIRATINUMOK I OVTSAJ OKITSILAUDIVIDNI-ONLAREBIL
)5.794(4.653.613
)5.794(37.613
KDU
65
an uejtu "iksnidazop" ijok "arotkaf hikindejaz" ujnavejimuzar u ,ajneinargo
avogejn ,itsovakjnam evogejn an ujavarozopu onaritnemugra i amzilarebil
marps ujicaler ukitirk ujavaalgan omas inO .ujicinifed unmertske uvkat az etnem
-ugra ejad en amziratinumok araiteroet hinemervus hiedov do oktin rej onarts
-ondej i onrvop ej evdo mazivitkelok an ejneovS .)634:343:2002 ,illeccutraM(
amzivitkelok kilbo ilejratsaz oak ujarinifed ag ajok ajneamut i ami a ,amzilarebil
itsonerejmuen hinzar ajickerok akitirk oak oivajop ,amajizrev mintnecer mijovs u
,es maziratinumoK .avtsbes goksjicakifitnedi i itsonlaudividni eksdujl ejnavokilbo
amiorp irejm joneerdo u ili arinimreted ijok apolks gontovi gonlaer oak ecin
ijicamrifa i ujnavaavu an aviop atetitnedi ejnamiop okitsiratinumoK
-dejaz
75
i ej oivajbo )3991(
.)0002( ijizA jonotsI u ajicarkomed i avarp aksdujl :adapaZ i akotsI tersuS ugijnk
araitirk hivogejn i amziratinumoK misO .)eropagniS fo ytisrevinU lanoitaN ,gnoK
amzilatipak
gnoH fo ytisrevinU ytiC( amitiliuevs miksjizaonotsi an ejulejd ijok ulleB uleinaD o ogen ,
itsonejirutorp hinrutluK
urotua
,ulleB
85
aZ .etitsalv ean oak omavajlviod ehrvs enizejn ad irejm jokilot u omaricifit
-nedi ecindejaz envitutitsnok mopit es mit s ,amziurtla i amzioge uemzi ekerpo
enejaibou omiM .)371:4002 ,lleB( "ecindejaz orbod umu an ujami ivonal invit
-utitsnok ad ulsims mot u amziurtla i ejicarepook ,ajnerejvop mejaejso us eneov
,ecil u mecil ijickaretni an ujavinso es ejok ,ecindejaz evkaT .avejlic hikindejaz oko
ejotsan rej ,ulsims mokolohisp u avtindejaz ovtsuksi ujami i itsontalejd jokin
-dejaz u ujulejdus ejok aboso unipuks" oak arinifed lleB ucindejaz ukolohisP
.)761:4002 ,lleB( "ajnaejs acindejaz anizej itavzan omeom ot
emono u ujulejdus ,etovi ejovs ujariterpretni ino okak ot an ejulejd ajok tsejivop
ukindejaz ielejid ,icinrovog it ad ier es eom ,tsejivop unils ujavajlviod
i eu ad tsonolks ujami agots et itaricinumok onelsims ugom kizej itsi erovog
ijok icnidejop ad acinejni aksjiripme ej ad iuduB" .ajnaejs icindejaz jonificeps
u itavolejdus eugomen ej agejn zeb ila ,kizej euan ot ogen ejirp urutluk ujovs
euan acejd rej ,erutluk "kinsonejirp inramirp" ejin kizej ,eudoD .idujl tetitnedi
inrutluk inificeps ejuerdo ot ono ,ujnejlim uvohijn op ,ej kizeJ .ecindejaz
enrovog eseretni enbesop ujavaardo otse itsotiboso enizej ad erd itsiratin
-umok ila ,onarejterp iuvz delgop ivrp an oT .omaejso i omavajlviod hi okak
etetiladom ,iravts an ajnadelg nian interknok an ejuerdo ad ,atejivs ejnamiop
ean an eejtu no ad et ,atejivs gonjajlviod geugom gean ecinarg ajlvatsop
kizej ad uak akizej ifozoliF .itiramenaz eom en ujlov ujlobjan zu in es ano ,anzrev
-ortnok alib okilok aM .ukizej an ijlemet es ajok ajnaejs acindejaz ili "ajnaejs
acindejaz anizej" i anav ej okandejdop inizar jokstetitnedi jonvitutitsnok jot aN
.)931:4002 ,lleB( "evard ejovs amajicutitsni i amijaibo minejlvatsopsu onsejivop
s aricifitnedi onans anaarg aniev" es agots i "ujican zu urv enaarg ejok
avtindejaz enops" an ajnalso es montib u ajicutitsni hinvard akitiloP ."amahrvs
minificeps as" ecindejaz enlanoican agevs ejirp ,ekminzi eken zu ,us ejok
amavard s enazevop us oksilB .tsonmitigel unlanoicome utsrv ujami ijok etetitne
u elivzar eno es us ad acinejni anropsoen ejatso ,ajican ajnajatsan ejickurtsnoker
etiilzar an arizbo zeB .)131:4002 ,lleB( "ejican ejovs monibdus i uejivop s monaz
-evop okobud aejso" idujl aniev es ad okat ,utejivs monemervus u atetitnedi
metira minav olrv alatsop ej anO .ajnaejs acindejaz hijitiojan do andej ,itsiratin
-umok erd ,ej ajicaN .urbod mokindejaz meudub sonirpod oak ujaavhs eropan
ejovs i oasims jovs ,uvtsuksi molorp u hineasu ijnet i alaedi do iezalop ,ejok
edan ecindejaz i onbodotsi us enO .ajicareneg okiloken gartanu eetorp es ajok
ajiznemid ansejivop antib hijn az ej agots i tsolorp ejukilbo ajnaejs ecindejaZ
.)601:4002 ,lleB( "apur aken ijotsop iud jov
-ohijn u ad ,ejatsoden oten utovi uvohijn u ad ujanzirp kejivu ovotog mod itavz
ugom ejok otsejm ujamen ijok idujL...amijnaejs minvitamrof onejnupsi ej ejok
otsejm ,emot amerp ,i ivovats inevturd ujuasu es adak ,avtsjnitejd enidog endus
-erp omidovorp ejdg otsejm ej onibo ineor oms ejdg otsejM...emejirv oken az
mod ilitsupan ,ilsardo oak ,oms oka i ka itanoks ilejle omsib ejdg otsejm i otse a
,inejogdo i ineor oms ejdg otsejm ,momod omevoz ejok otsejm an ejuupu...atsejm
95
avohijn aminian s ,avturd amajicutitsni miksmonoke i minlajicos ,mikitilop "min
-valg" s onazevop ej ad ev ivaran eksdujl ijicpecnok "jokizifatem" jovkak an in
aviop en ot ad mojndrvt ujaravogdo ,eboso ijiroet jokitsilaudividni onarejterp an
nejlemetu mazilarebil ej ad rovogirp aN .avtsaj gonejlmjop onlarebil ujnavitiptsierp
u ej ijivijldivjan amitsiratinumok kaputsU .alean hinjlemet hijovs ilkerdo es us
ad ianz en ot ila ,ejiroet ejovs ujicaterpretnier an itunkatop iraiteroet us inlarebiL
.ujiroet unlarebil an "jacejtu namorgo" alirvzi ano ej ad ajndrvt ,mituem ,ej
anarejterP .ajacejtu gonjaanz zeb alatso ejin amzilarebil akitirk akitsiratinumoK
.)712-381:5991 ,rolyaT( ejicajirav evogejn i ejnariutitsnok ovogejn u "inasipu"
us ijok atanemele hikindejaz apolks zi itarilopartske eom en ,"movtsaj minla
-udividni" avizan oasim anlarebil ot ono ili ,tetitnedi in es okat ,"enilejc eneols"
et zi itarilopartske eom en adobols es ot oaK .jovzar inlaudividni i tsonradilos
aksnaarg ,tsokandej akitilop us ot oak ,ajnejlmerts telps ineols aavhubo
ajigetarts at ad itivarobaz ikitsinoickuder es ejims en ila ,ijigetarts jonlarebil
u ugolu unujlk ovijnmusen ej alargI .ajnajotsan gonlarebil tsondejirv anidej
alib ano ej ad ianz en ot ,tsondejirv anlarebil ajniders oak alavotio adobols
es okaI .ejinomrah enevturd i itsonlibats enevturd ,atetirepsorp ,itsokandej
ujnavaevu :amivejlic minav migurd endalkus onlatnemurtsni oak elartam
-orp es us ev movtsnajotsod miksdujl s itsonazevop ejnratunu ejovs gobz omas
elavaavu es usin ejigiler adobols i anivogrt andobols ,eapaD .ejicnetsizge eksdujl
amelborp hivs ejneejr onanok oak en a ajnet alodorbod oak alivatsopsi es adob
-ols upolks mot U .amijnatip miksjigiler u itsovijlonsen ,itsonvitka hiksmonoke
ajneok ,ajnavaarzi i ajnejlim ajneinargo :alisirp i ajnavatups hineerdo evsop
ejnavicabdo onlarebil oavaardo ej rej itsonav entib do ej oib edobols tsketnok
insejivoP .atsketnok zi itavejimuzar arom anilrv hikitilop "unoetnap monlar
-ebil" u edobols agolu ajniders es ad ,mituem ,ujuejmirP .akterop i aterkop
gonlarebil tsondejirv arinifed ot ono adobols ,udelgop mokolomite u ,ej ad i
ejneu onvitamron onskelpmok mazilarebil ej ad ujanzirp itsiratinumok inredoM
.ovtindejaz in tsonlaudividni
in ejuramenaz en ejok ,"ajnaanop gonrizbo onevturd" akvatsopterp anvitutitsnok
anav oak itavotio ugom ecindejaz es ekolohisp ,arbod anvitkejbusretni az "egirb
hud" ujuasu man ad et mejnaanop mikitsiurtla i minvitarepook eneov artunzi
us ad iudub ,oktarkU .)771 :4002 ,lleB( "mocindejaz az ebertop azarzi goneapozi
oak apit-tfahcsniemeG acindejaz tsonmrofinu untavhuboevs i mazitopsed az
nejilp kal ej ot ,acanidejop hikitsinogatna onbosuem avturd gonvosam gonariz
-imota" ajnats goksvosebboh vitorp anarb ajlobjan eno us agots i eseretni etitsalv
eneavhs oksu ezalidan ajok arbod az ugirb ujuasu ,itsiratinumok edrvt ,ecin
-dejaz man ekolohisP .dti egurdu eksnaarg enjartogud ,epurg enevkrc ,ecinidej
endar ,jletibo ,ecirejmirp ,ujadaps ecindejaz envitutitsnok evkat ueM .aboso jorb
neinargo onvitaler an idovs onibo aniilev avohijn es agots i ecil u mecil ijicka
-retni jonatunert joken an ejlemet es ad acinejni hi ejukilzar ajnaejs acindejaz
do a ,monizilb i motsejm eneerdo onun usin eno atsejm acindejaz do ukilzar
06
gokanuj" ejujnejmaz ijok "aaortop gonargiaz" gonredomtsop onsondo
)aruenalf( aatiks :apit akstetitnedi irite ariliforp no "ajigetarts hintovi" hit
ratunU ."ajigetarts hintovi hinredomtsop" tsketnok u ajlvats ajnejnajbo ajovs ijok
anamuaB atnumgiZ ejnejlim onvitartsuli nian ej tiboso an atetitnedi ujnavejim
-uzar u kamop ikitsinredomtsop aZ .)829:2002 ,nrobloH/sobmalaraH( ajne
-anz itsonav entib od ,mosruksid dan elortnok od ,erefs ekilobmis i enrutluk
od olats ej mi eiv amisruser dan arozdan i iom arovzi hinlajiretam otsejmu
a ,"ajaagod hinevtsnidej delgzian ejnaemok onanokseb" i soak ujavaalgan
itsovijldivderp i ader otsejmu ,ejicakifitnedi irovzi inazevop onbosuem ila itiilzar
oak ajigiler i arutluk ,tsonlanoican ,teticinte ,"asar" ujamizuaz otsejm ejitizarzi evs
ad i ejatsen asalk ad ujartams ,)anipuks hitiilzar ovtonm( ejicatnemgarf ekstet
-itnedi i enevturd ucinejni i arobzi tsonav ujavaalgan iputsirp ikitsinredom
-tsop ;amisruser dan arozdan i iom arovzi hinlajiretam ,ader i itsovijldivderp
enevturd enrejmzar ,ador ili esalk itsonrovzi ekarovt ,)inamoris i itagob( ejicaz
-iralop enevturd ,)hinlahrajirtap ,hinsalk( arutkurts tsonav ujavaalgan iputsirp
ikitsinredom :atetitnedi ajnejnajbo hikitsinredomtsop i hikitsinredom uemzi
akilzar es ivarP .)443:2002 ,illecctraM( "ejicalfni ekitilana evarp" motemderp
oatsop aejltesed hijndejlsop majop jat ej hijok gobz egolzar itiart abert emot
u ab ad i "atetitnedi mozirk" aneavhaz tsonredom alejic ej ad es eitsI .)233:3891
,ssuartS-ivL( "ujicnetsizge unlaer amen adakin ono okai ,itaarv omarom
onzaliboazen es umejok etira onlautriv onsrvejovs tetitnedi" ej ad ajndrvt
avossuartS-ivL i es idovaN .)133:3891 ,ssuartS-ivL ;133:2991 ,rebeW( "amjop
got mokitirk s ejniopaz atetitnedi amjop abertopu akavs" ad vats vossuartS-ivL
i oak ,"iravts ejnats ovijlbelok i onvitaler kejivu ,atilajats gokoloicos as ,tetitnedi"
ej ad ejnerozopu ovorebeW es aricovE .itiderdo eugom ej uj okak i "tsonlaer"
at ej ot emot o ivodus itiilzar olrv uirzi es motirP .)2002 ,slletsaC( atetitnedi oM
:volsan ison arutluk ,ovturd ,ajimonokE .abod oksjicamrofnI aslletsaC aleunaM
alejd gonlatipak kazevs igurd ad ot in onjauls ejin a ,avaropso en oktin tsonlaer
uji melborp oak artamzar es tetitnedi ,enlarebil-okitsiratinumok ili ekitsirat
-inumok ,enlarebil eno elib ,amajizrev miksjiroet i miksrozanotejvs mivs U
.avtin
-dejaz govirdo onlanoicar i itsonevturd enaripicname ovtsmaj ejinrovtogalbjan i
ejinadzuopjan ovtsaj onladividni "onejnrkoen" ovarpu ej ad ekvtsopterp do ezalop
ijok ecoilsim enlarebil enlakidar az i en ila ,avtsaj gonlaudividni itsonavotejvu
jokindejaz-onevturd o etnemugra eviropso oket ujaavhirp ijok eraiteroet
enlarebil eno az omas idejirv "azoibmis aksjisecnok" at ,onvaraN ."maziratinumok
inlarebil" ili "mazilarebil ikitsiratinumok" us ot oak ejicanibmok ekstamgatnis
i edovzi es agot zi a ,amzilarebil "mojicaziratinumok" avizan onibo kaputsu
es jaT .avturd ajicutitsni hiksmonoke i hinlajicos ,hikitilop ajnavolejd gonvit
-arepook ,gokindejaz tkapmi es avaavu i avtsaj gonlaudividni tsonvizulkske
arizivitaler es okaT .)53:3991 ,slwaR( "aboso atetitnedi i ivaran entib udelgop
u amivejthaz" ujubor en .dti itsondevarp ,avturd ,akejvo ajnaavhs avohijn
ad ujavajnajoP ."ejicarepook vatsus inevtsnidej u ajnavialksu gokindejaz"
16
dor
olkejirop
avtsbes anejlimaz
ag idujl a(
,)iticabdo eom ono i es rakam(
iujamizuzI" .itib omile
ot i omsej ad omilsim im ot ono onsondo ,
us itetitnedI ."ucin
-dejaz unejlimaz" oak oasipo ujican ej adak nosrednA tcideneB oilsim ej ot an
ono ovarpu ej oT .edobols i ajacitop ,aksitirp amivejnputs mitiilzar dop tetitnedi
.avonal hijovs
jovs ujukilbo idujL .
onejbzien us itetitnedi ,
ujicavitom az golzar igurd iken itiartop eom ano ap oneorgu ej epurg ejnajotsop
,alatsan ej gejok gobz jlic algitsop ej ot agot gobz ecirejmirp ,ibugzi ajneanz
geujuerdo anizejn avonso es oka a ,ejneanz uujuerdo
ejuujlku
onibo ,enarts ejovs as ,apurG .enejim ekstetitnedi az nabosops no ej agots i apurg
hinjorb monal itib eom canidejoP .amapurg u tetitnedi jovs ujarinifeder i ezalan
,mituem ,icnidejoP .etetitnedi ejovs ujami epurg i icnidejop ,
.ijndrvt hikstam
-oiska ovotog ,hipo okiloken idovzi agot zi i amijnartamzar miksjiroet-onlean
eripudop ejnatip ot notgnitnuH .ejnatip oksetitnedi ,ulsims mejinvolsodjan u ,ej
ot A .?im oms okT :ejnatip ajlvatsop no ,amizolzar miksjiroet-onvizruksid minlean
neov i ila ,mogirb mot narivitoM .notgnitnuH leumaS i ajlimzar ,akilzar hikstet
-itnedi ajnaejim gonlabolg i "ajicazilivic abokus" abod u iom enlajirepmi eirema
tsonjotspo i tetitnedi ikirema az mogirb agevs ejirp tunkatop ila ,itrc jot aN
inariurtsnok
ogurD
onramirp
ovrP
onevturd
aargi
atsirut
adnubagav
iksmonoke
;avard
,ajigoloedi
,aknarts
,avard
anlajirotiret
ikitilop
,acinidej
,ovtsdejsus
inlajirotiret
,laedi
oak
neavhs(
teticinte
hikstetitnedi
,)ezev
hinav
envrk(
ikindejaz
,terkop
,apurg
26
anser
;ajicazilivic
:arovzi
,darg
,ajigiler
tse
,dor
ikilev
,otsejm
,tsonlanoican
inlarutluk
ovtsdors
"onramirp"
,kizej
oksdarg
,)atovi
,olkejirop
ejuulzi
nO
,bod
invitpirksa
.itsonevtonm
jovohijn
"ajicazilivic
abokus"
ivonot
ujukejdo
ondelgio
uputsirp
uvonotgnitnuH
tavhubo
iri
ili
iu
itib
ugom
itetitnedI
.hilatso
do
ejukilzar
hi ijok atetitnedi govs tkepsa jano ujavaalgan ino amajicautis kap migurd U .ijicka
-retni u us amijok s amidujl s ejuzevop hi ijok atetitnedi agovs tkepsa jano uitsi
idujl amajicautis miken U .ivaran ej enoicautis epurg ili acnidejop goken atetitnedi
oteP
ensar itavisipirp amidujl ugom okakavs ,notgnitnuH eak ,edalV" .itsalv hikitilop
ajnavolejd unian u ili ulsims meri u uvturd ,iniloko jondersopen u inardas itib
ugom atetitnedi irovzi iksjnavzi ,ujauls mokavs U .agot marps icerpo u itarinifed
ebes i ejicaziretkarak evkat vitorp itarigaer i ugom ,okakaD .atetitnedi avohijn
molejid ejatsop ono ad itarizilanretni okilot ejnamiop ovkat ugom epurg eksnijnam
et ivonal ,ijinroirefni i ijindazan epurg eksnijnam ivonal us ad ilsim ,ijlmez joken
u ,aniev okA .nian igurd an ajlimzar ibes o no ,adapirp en joj ijok aredjastua oak
iviod ebes i ijicautis jonevturd jovon u ean okten es okA .epurg ili acnidejop
ejneerdoomas an eejtu upurg ili acnidejop ujaripicrep igurd okak niaN .higurd
i avtsbes uemzi
,
otrvte
ejickaretni
movtsbes
inarinifed us itetitnedi
ot oak ,ejicautis enevturd enmertske omas reJ .amigurd s inejlbokus ili insalgus
itetitnedi it us mejok u nopsar ajnejim es ot oak ,ejicautis od ejicautis do ,emejirv
an anemerv s itajnejim es eom epurg ili acnidejop atetitnedi tsotizarzi anvitaleR
.inlanoican
itib
ugom
inlajicos
inO
,ikitilop
.atetitnedi
eiv
,inlarutluk
ujami
,iksmonoke
epurg
,irejm
,inlajirotiret
jojnam
,i
,inasipirp
icndejop
eerT
ili
.iskarp
itarinifeder
ugom
ujaritnemelpmi
hi
ila
,usar
etetitnedi
et
ili
ad
teticinte
jovs
itaviejlsan
en
ugom
admerp
itajnejim
en
ila
itacirop
eom
es
bod
ajok(
)ujajnejim
onemervop
36
.itsonbesaz ejovs
ekvatsopterp enrovzi ujariurtsnok avonzi ili evio ,ujarivitkaer agots ad i "odzodo"
ujarinifed
gonadaz
es
ad
uonugom
iksmetsis
monerovto
gonarinifed
"ogzodo"
ili
movozazi
aejltesed
derp
nokan
alan
,avturd
,atetitnedi
es
us
aT
ikstetitnedi
ej
vogejn
,atsiratinumok
hiksjiroet-onranirtkod
do
ukilzar
joksdujl
acmerp
zeb
ujajlvarpu
mojok
ujican
ujariurtsnoked
an
ilidar
onejlims
us
ad
aravogirp
aejlots
golorp
anidog
hitesed
olats
eivjan
,ujneovzi
mokitilana
uvogejn
molejic
irp
,ej
unotgnitnuH
,ajirtsudni
,cavadolsop
,apurg
andar
,ajiseforp
,ejnelsopaz
,oasop
46
ejnavirvtu an moneotodersu ,mojickurtsnoker monsejivop-onevtsnanZ
.)361:4002 ,iranutaK( "anejmorp i ajovzar gonevturd gonrejmseiv zi izalzi
-orp ajok uonsejvzien namrdzu avib" i tsotivohrvs ujovs ibug apit gejnadgen
tetitnedi inlanoican )evard enanoican movatsopsu( ajlic got mejneravtso ad
et ,mejlic mintib oak evard enlanoican movatsopsu tsej ot ,"uotivohrvs mokolot
-ahse nejlpotan ogud" oib tetitnedi inlanoican ikstavrh ej ad es ejnimopan ,itsojn
-adas i itsolorp amerp ajneondo gonjanzops-onlanoicar ekitpo zi ,emot ondalk
-uS .)302-102:4002 ,ilukeS( "ajlop gokstetitnedi ejiznemid etiilzar ujarinimod
amahope minzar" u ad ajlvarobaz es ume irp ,"ejigoloedi oak amzilanoican
i atetitnedi gonlanoican itsonanzotsi o agoloedi hinlanoican ukvatsop
ujaavhirp onduserp otse izoloicos" age gobz ,anemonef gokolohisp-onajicos i
gokoloicos oak atetitnedi gonlanoican ajnaviramenaz ucinejni an ejuzaku reokat
es onbodotsI .)261:4002 ,kaduB( "tsonudub ujlob az itirobzi oket...ajneravtso
avogejn zeb" akstavrH es e ad et "atile hinlautkeletni hikstavrh aadaz hijinavjan
do andej atetitnedi gokstavrh gonemervus ,govon ejnaravts" ,enejim ensejivop
evs an morizbo s ,ej ad es aritatsnok uputsirp mokitilana-onevtsnanz u I
.)681-951:4002 ,ilukeS(
ecindejaz enegomoh utovi monravts u "itinejimirp" i itejvio ikoloedi abert
omas ej ad anajotsop i anans okilot ,ulajiretam mokiteneg monizab movs op
ev adom ,iksnibud ej ajok ubrovt unlaedi uvotog oak kap ili ,ajovzar i ejicazin
-redom tnemele oak ,itsonloko hinsejivop hivijnejmorp zarzi oak ag il eamut
emot o onsivo ujukilzar ontib iputsirp es mi ila ,momelborp minav iksjlibz artams
es tetitnedi ijicatnejiro jogurd u i jondej u I .itsonolks hikitsiratinumok hinealg
-an ejnam ili eiv ejejlibo ison ,ujicamitigel unarivitlukokosiv ili unevtsnanz
ujami dak adno i ka ,azaksi hinsrvonzar ili ajnartamzar hikstetitnedi oid ievjan
a ,ezilana enevtsnanz motemderp oak ivab es motetitnedi i maziratinumok/mazil
-arebil apolks goksjimotohid zi "eaksi" utetitnedi o avarpsar hiuket
oid ijnam :kaujlkaz iedejls ejadan es adat ,aropejirp gokitsiratinumok/onlar
-ebil utsketnok mepo u ,izarzi invizruksid ivohijn onsondo ,ejicatnejiro
et es il ujartamorP .atavhaz gokjickurtsnok-onevturd got ratunu ajicatnejiro
hiksjigetarts-oinlatnemurtsni ajnavanzoperp mosopot i itsonevturd ejickurts
-nok mominonis ejatsop motetitnedi tsonejlpukoaZ .amijneanz minarilutsop
ubdogalirp ukiroter az etiejbirp oak ili ajneanz polks inedevzi onlanoicar oak
,acilapatop anrutknujnok oak ili nonak intipuen oak es itsiroK .usruksid monrut
-luk i mokitiloponvaj mejivon u sutats inarigelivirp insrvejovs ami ,itsonejiban
joksjneanz i itsolatseu jojovs op ,ajok "iejir hinujlk" hino do andej ,ejnmus zeb
,ej oT .itsonbesaz ajnavizakod i ajnavokilbo arotakidni hinvalg do nadej oak es oliv
-atsopsi atetitnedi ejnatiP .arivko goksmetsis gonlanoicaneiv i gonlaredef adapsar
nokan ovturd okstavrh i es olan uonugom monerovto ili movozazi mit derP
UTETITNEDI O
AZAKSI HIKITSIRATINUMOK ETNAJIRAV IRT I ITSONBESAZ VOZAZI
56
ibes u ison momzilarebil s "ovtinzevas" oN .umzilajicos ekerpo enjart iksrozan
-otejvs i ejinrovtolejdjan onlatnemurtsni oak amzilarebil amilean minratnem
-ele miken iejbirp ilarom iputsirp us ikitsiratinumok mazivitkelok ikitsilaj
-icos iujariurtsnokeD .ekiroter ekitsivitkelokitna onbodotsi a ekitsiratinumok
ikjaanz hintsefinam do ej andej ,mojicalumrof movonrodA motanzop olrv omiul
-sop es ad ,"itsonitnetua nogra" .mojicidart monjedi-okitilop i monlajirotiret
-onsipojlmez ,moksjigiler ,monizej ,monrutluk montibomas enearg onariun
-itnok i onjartogud ,ekilzar i etetitnedi enitnetua avatinop ,motatkid mikoloedi
ili molis ,iom i ejigoloedi ensalk mojicazilatot mojovs ,no ad emian erD .min
-itnetuaen ikstetitnedi ujartams ag rej amzivitkelok gokitsilajicos ajnavaropso
gontatsozeb do ,agevs ejirp ,ezalop iputsirp ikitsiratinumok iujavadalverP
.itsonredom enlarebil eneavhs okano ili okavo "ujiran
-ecs" amerp ili mejacejtu dop ujajivdo molejid mirbod es ijok asecorp hinevturd
-onsejivop ajnavejimuzar unian u nardas onticilpmi ej ogen neujlksi ejin emit
govkat oak avtsaj gonlaudividni gomas oasims ila ,avtsaj gokstetitnedi gonlarebil
urovogaz monrizbozeb an aviop en putsirp jaT .mojigolometsipe monerovto
onsejivop i monvizulkni ,mokitsilarulp aneov ajiskelfer "akitsiratinumok"
ej avogejn ila ,)atanemele hikstetitnedi hikindejaz( ecindejaz ejnatip avagejbzi
en avturd gokstavrh utetitnedi putsirp ikitilana-onevtsnanz ,omidiv ot oaK
.)161-951:4002 ,kaduB(
"acitse hinejnemako okiloken an nedevs en a ,vijldogalirp i naskelpmok itib ,elkad
,ib oarom ;navitkirtser en a ,najacitop itib ib oabert" avturd goksatvrh tetitnedi
,ajirogetak ananzondej i akitsilajicnese oak en a ,anlarulp i animanid oak
i ivitkepsrep jot u nartamorP .icindejaz jokstejvs i joksporue u atsejm ejnatip oak
ajlvatsop atetitnedi ajndargzi es ap ajnejim ontib es rivko atetivitkejbus gonvard
-onlanoican mejnejlibzo on ,atar gokstejvs gogurD nokan rivko iksnevalsoguj
i mazinredom ,mazilanoicanretni ilargido ugolu unvitutitsnok us uneerdo
,okakaD .ajletison hivohijn amabertop mikoloedi enavaogalirp ejiznemid
ekstetitnedi )enlajicrap( enravts us ad ,nerovto i narinifed onsaj onbodotsi
no ej ad izalziorp age zi ,aejlots .02 amiejltesed mivrp i .91 inivolop jogurd u
oavokilbo ,"amegolotim hineerdo ajark od en ila ,hineavhirpepo" ili ,atanemele
hikindejaz hit do iezalop ,tetitnedi inlanoican es ad ianz oT .)751:4002
,kaduB( uvtsvejlark monvokejvojndersonar u ineart inejirok us iji ,avard anejle
ila ,aejotsopen ;ukizej mokstavrh an tsonveijnk an i aejlots .7 mokteop atavrH
ajnejlesod gonejlvatsopterp nokan alatsan alejd an oajlvats kasalgan es ume
irp ,arutluk antejlusit ;)avtsvodi i amalsi :ajigiler higurd i ka ap ,avtsnark
akilbo higurd ujicnarelot uneerdo zu( uvtsnailotak onsondo uvtsnark
tsondapirp ;ugurk mokjicazilivic mondapaz tsondapirp ;)eciliri - ejnam
- i ecijlogalg ubaropu ujnadaken an ejnaejsdop zu( omsip oninital ;)atakelajid
ujicnarelot unlaminim zu( kizej ikstavrh :atanemele hikstetitnedi hintib tse o
akujlkaz od es izalod ,atetitnedi gokstavrh ejejlibo oak eneavhirp "eniev ekilev
do" atar gokstejvs gogurD od us ejok acinvatsas hinujlk "akinvizan gokindejaz"
66
.ajicargetni hindoranuem amirivko u avarp hiksdujl hinvonso do ondej oak itavu
onuldo abert tsonbesop ut i nabesop ikolorutluk ej no ,amicizej migurd miken
tsoksilb uksteneg an arizbo zeB .)61:5002 ,akizej gokstavrh ujaolop o itsontejmu
i itsonanz ejimedaka ekstavrH avajzI( "ecindejaz enizej endoran i ensejivop ejovs
abertop hiksjicazilivic i erutluk ejovs ujnavaarzi iuls" kizej indradnats i inveijnk
ikstavrH .dti itsonemsip i atovi gondoran ujiznemid uksnark ,aungitsod
hinevtsnanz i hikintejmu ujicidart ,tsionjaibo ,kizej :atetivitkejbus got etnemele
evs an isondo es oT .tetivitkejbus ikstetitnedi inratinumok-onlarutluk ijnjark jovs
,"ovtsaj-im" ejovs ajlvarobaz ikstamotua jat ,iom eksjnavzi tepo ,eut modige dop
ejicazinegomoh enlabolg imilp itsuperp )hiksmuzarovardz-onvian ili hikoloedi
-onranirtkod ,hikitamgarp-onratilitu( agolzar hijok olib zi es ili ivarobaz
ot okT .reuj i oak okandej arislup sanad ,erivko ekstejvsepo i enlanoican-onvard
enejnejimorp an arizbo zeb ,ijok muunitnok ikstetitnedi tsejivsomas ej anlarutluK
.ijinrovtokilbo ikstetitnedi i ijinealgan evs oavib ropto insejvs
-omas-onlarutluk ej ot ,ijivijlondopen i iaj ilib iom isondo iksjnavzi us ot .enib
-dus enevturd-onlanoican tsejivsomas i tsejivas anvadorejms onadzuop agots i
ajnratunu oak ogen icindejaz o tsejivs aktsivitkejbo akup oak omas en alazakop es
anO .atetitnedi ajnaaj i ajnavuo onsondo ,aropto gokstetitnedi sruser ijinlativjan
alib ej arutluk ,akaderop hinratilatot hinredom kap ili ajirepmi hinisalk iom
esondo etunteman iksjnavzi dop oadaptop ej adak ,atceisid arbmem an nedevs
oib suprok inlanoican ikstavrh ej adak ,amitsonloko minsejivop mijinjlovopenj
-an u ab ,eapaD .itsonloko ensejivop ejinjlovopenjan in itinejiroksi elgom usin
ag ad vitinuen i najart okilot ej ijok polks inlajicnatspus vogejn jano oak ,atetitnedi
gonevturd tib uksjicatnejiro i unsondejirv oak aritkelfer urutluk unlanoican
no ,eivot .erutluk enlanoican izolu jontib o izet an aviop azaksi pit inlarutluK
.uksrenjazid-onviserpske i ukitsilajicnerefid-okitilop ,ukitsilajic
:azaksi hikstetitnedi etnajirav enaricnerefidzi onvitaler
-nese-onlarutluk
irt itanzoperp ej eugom ujiranigami mokitsiratinumok meujavadalverp mot
U .amivtsders minredomtsop i ap ,minredom evsop "amerpo" avturd gokstavrh
atetitnedi ujndargzi dak adno i ka akitsiratinumok oneterp onsondejirv ej ajok
ajicazilanoicidarter akstetitnedi i ajicazinredom anlarebil-onlanoicutitsni es avibZ
.ikitsiratinumok onsondejirv a ikitsilarebil onlanoicutitsni "asruksid kaderop"
ej ad itidrvtsu es ib olgom ,atapecnok hikitsilarutkurtstsop hivotluacuoF mokizej
ierovoG .amitilajats mikitsiratinumok minedevzi onvizruksid u i okat ujnejinm
mokitsiratinumok moksmuzarovardz u okak ejnajibdo an izalian amzilarebil
anizar anjardas-onsondejirv at ovarpu I .ijardas insondejirv ivohijn i en ila ,emrof
enlanoicutitsni-onlarebil enlaminim us eneavhirP .avturd gonlivic ajnavokilbo
i ejicarkomed )enratnemalrap( ekanartseiv ,atirt ejicutitsni us ot a ,ontnan
-imod olatsop amirejmzar mikstejvs u ev ej ot i onun onlatnemurtsni ej ot
ono omas amizuerp ibrovt es hinizejn do i mazivitkelok ikitsilajicos i oak okandej
anvitkurtsed akigol ej aT .ecindejaz ekstetitnedi endalks ujicpecnok ukitkidopa
u apalku oket "avtsaj gonejnrkoen" akigol akitsilaudividni es rej ekizir enjlibzo
76
oak ejatso azoibmis aksjigiler-onlartutluk otaz i ucindejaz adejizar arutluk akitilop
i akoloportna-onsejivop ,aksrozanotejvs anerejmsu ikitsilarebiL .tsonbesop
ukitsiratinumok uvirdo ikstetitnedi itidarg ejlad i eugom ivonso jokitoibmis
joneortsien oj ,jot an omas ej ad izalziorp age zi ,tetitnedi iksjigiler-onlarutluk
ikitoibmis eatsar ,ecindejaz ejnamiop "okinrejven" ianz ijinil jojnjark u ot a ,onla
-rebiL .)41:5002 ,irM( "uvkrc upO umas i avapoktop ijok ila ,edoran avapoktop
onropu ili oapoktop ev ili ej ijok ,umzilarebil inetuperp e tib atavrH u avkrC
i doran ikstavrh ,enatsudo en amuan got do es okA" .itsejivs eksrejv i endoran
mejnats minravts dan ulisirp unsrvejovs omas itianz olgom ejnaavhirp ontipuen
ovogejn ib ad i "ikinrejven ekilevu" tetitnedi iksporue ej ad ecinejni ultejvs
u ab tsonav ujovs ami "azoibmis" aT ."ejigiler i asonhte izoibmis jonsapo" o
azet anejnaruerp ej ad erd atilajats gokitsilajicnese-onlarutluk icinrovogaz ,ejicat
-atsnok et do iezalop ,agotS .itsonzoigiler i ajaejso goksrejv mejnejlbals i onearp
-op ej ot ,asonop gonlanoican i ajaejso gonlanoican ejnejlbals avibz "eporuE
mejlid" ,mituem ,es sanaD .)41:5002 ,irM( "us eviulzaren adoran hiksporue
tsejivop i evkrC tsejivoP...adoran hiksporue enitab enrutluk oid" ej ovtsnarK
.)3:5002 ,iveD( "enejirok eksnark ekobud" ujami ujinU uksporuE u enaktu us
ejok itsondejirv entiB ."tkejorp iksnark" ,ikolotahse-onlarutluk ianz ot a ,ujne
-erdo mokstetitnedi movs op ej ano ,ejinU eksporuE uvatsu u otsejm onlanoicut
-itsnok-onlamrof ejovs olibod ejin ovtsnark okaI .ecindejaz envard-onevturd
enbujlomod i ekitsilazrevinu-onlarom ili avturd "gorbod" ejndargzi tkejorp
ikolotahse-onlarutluk inlatnemadnuf ogen itsojnadas eksjiripme ejloven i ilob
omesendop ekal ad eamop man ejok etiejbirp oksjigiler-ontnednecsnart omas
ejin ajiznemid aT .atetitnedi ejndargzi ejiznemid aksnark tsonav antib avaalgan
otiboso es motirP .)3:5002 ,inazoB( "ejicomorp enrutluk utsrv uken u iererp
arom katadaz oak es ijok vozazi injlibzo ej oT .uvtindejaz moksporue u atetitnedi
gotitsalv unarbo uvon az itimerpirp es omaberT .umier mokitsinumok u oitsrvu
i ka ap oavuo tetitnedi inlanoican jovs ej doran ikstavrH .itajlvanbo i ititsi abert
nemops ,ejnaejS .ult moksporue an intusirp us ijok aledom hinlarutluk hinvitagen
hivkat ujacejtu ujnatupop mokitirken es ititsuperp en onbertop ej agotS" .atetit
-nedi gotitsalv "ajnejnmatop" od itsevod eom ijok "itsolorp etitsalv uvarobaz"
itejirpudo es aberT .)1:5002 ,ejican i erutluk ekstavrh ujnats o avajzI( "atetitnedi
gonrutluk gokstavrh ujnarazar an idar ecimonad ijok i ijicidart jonrutluk joks
-tavrh natorpus okobud ej ijok arozanotejvs" amicinvatsderp oviujlksi itatuperp
es ejims en erutluk ejurdoP .)3:5002 ,inazoB( "olavokilbo tsejivop zork ej ag ot
i ini ag ot emivs as atetitnedi gonlanoican gotitsalv unarbo az tsonbosops aajo"
es ad emot o ,onadelg iksjigetarts ,ej ejiR ."tsolorp atitsalv" oak ujavaanzo ikin
-dejaz es ijok itnemele ikstetitnedi igurd ivs i ogen kizej omas ujnatip u ejin oN
.itsonevturd eneavhs ikitsiratinumok tnem
-adnuf inlarutluk ej nO .ejneanz oksjicargetni-onevturd i ogen okilobmis omas
amen ijok jols iksnibud jano tsonbesop ej at ecindejaz endoran uib monlarutluk
U .atetitnedi ajicanimirksid ajindelgiojan i ajinvarzijan ogen ivaran evitartsinimda
acinejni aksnirvop i anidarops ejin itsonbesop enizej ejnavauraN
86
.ucindejaz unosinu ikitilop i unols onlajicos avatinop ajok evitkepsrep ekitsilar
-ebil do nolkto invitknitsid oak ,amininimret mikitsiratinumok oneterp u es ag
ajlimorp atsketnok goksjicazilabolg i goksjicargetni-oksporue marpS .narejmsovd
ej ondelgio avturd gokstavrh utetitnedi o sruksid ikitsilajicnerefid-okitiloP
.atnenopmok akstavrh onificeps
atanzirp i avijltanzoperp ikstetitnedi ej mejok u avtsjeporue govkat on ,avtsjeporue
gonariunitnok i gonrovzi ejicamrifaer atejvu hinujlk do nadej oak ajlvatsop ,amzin
-aklab audizer i asonan do itsejivs et ejnaabolso ,itsejivs ekitilop ajicazinaklabed
es agotS .)5:5002 ,idiZ( "uporuE u tup irk" ot joj ad ejnerejvu onsapo aravts
i "naklaB an arug ukstavrH" mokigol es moT ."atetitnedi gean ejiznepsus enroirpa
eken tkejorp" ogen ajicanibmok anjauls ejin anaklaB gondapaZ gonavzokat
rotsorp ikindejaz u ekstavrH "ejnapatu" oksjigetarts oksporueondapaZ .)5:5002
,idiZ( "atetitnedi gokstavrh ikjaanz hinjlemet do andej ijicazinaklab ropto"
ej ad avarozopu ikitkidopa es onbodotsi ,"ajle hian uporuE imaj en i avaanzo
en acinpejlan aksporue akavs" ad ejnimopo mokizej minarizilits ikitsimef
-ue ,enarts endej s ,es koD .tsonbesop i tsotiilzar ukitilop-okstetitnedi atug i
oksporue ej ot evs avatinu ajok "epur enrc" enlataf atsrv aken us ino amajicaredis
-nok mikitsilajicnerefid-okitilop U .erotsorp eksnaklab agevs ejirp ,enlanoiger
-oksilb an usondo u ajaarzi od izalod eaj oj ajnaterk hiksjicazilabolg i hiksporue
amakmaz i amivozazi o tsejivs akitilop akitsilajicnerefid-okitsinerevus at oN
.)2:5002 ,ejican
i erutluk ekstavrh ujnats o avajzI( "atetitnedi gokstavrh ejnavuo az" avtsmaj
avijlrejvu aurp en "uktunert movo u" ajok ,"ejinU eksporuE urivko u oviujlksi"
ujajlimorp tsonudub ukstavrh ajok amitilajats mino ejnejlvitorp orto avaarzi
es ila ,tup iksporue es ejucabdo eN .utetitnedi o itsejivs ekitilop mumiskam oak
es ejutio tsonerevus anejnrkoeN .atetitnedi gokitilop ajnanzirp ekot ejnjark oak
itsonerevus envard-onlanoican enerobzi oket ajnasirb od itsevod ugom ,itavhirp
ikitamgarp ili onejlimorpen ,onvian es hi okiloku ,ijok avozazi hiksjicargetni
hiksmonokeorue i hikitiloporue urom u alipotu ib en es okak atiilzar ikstetitnedi
itatso arom kapi ano ila ,ejicazilivic eksporueondapaz mohud ateorp okanoi
,itsondapirp i ulkejirop monsejivop movs op ,ajigetarts ej aT .ejigetarts ekitilop
i erutluk ekitilop ekitsiratinumok-onothotua tubirta iksjletianzo natib oak es
eirzi higurd marps tsotiilzaR .tsketnok ikstejvs i iksporue ,iri an usondo u i okat
uniloko unsejivop-onsipojlmez uilb an usondo u okak tiilzar i nabesop ,najart
,amijejlibo minlarutluk minirovzi mijovs op ev ,tetitnedi ikitilop ikstavrh ej ad
itazakop onavonsaz es ile etiropu ot an mejnajlimop minticilpmi ili mejnavizop
minticilpskE .ezaksi ejovs az etiropu izalan umejn u i mazilajicnese inlarutluk an
ajnalso irejm es jonjaanz u amziratinumok atnajirav akitsilajicnerefid-okitiloP
.erutluk
enlarebil entnanimod amiupseb mintnegnitnok u tsonbesop ujovs ibug tetitnedi
invard-onevturd-onlanoican ezoibmis eksjigiler-onlarutluk ekitsiratinumok
zeb ,oneer ejinvatsondeJ .akerpo ansonosaps ikitsiratinumok i anlajicnese ,ajnjark
96
"ijinalvirpjan amigurd itib ilgom omsib ume op i omsej unitsiu ot emono amerp
ogen ibes o omilsim ot emono amerp en itariliforp tetitnedi jovs arom akstavrH...
ejlmez atetitnedi ejnavizakirp i ejnavokilbo oksjidem onredom onbodotsi zu ,inecs
joksradopsog i jokitilop jondoranuem an ahejpsu gokilokevs tejvuderp naav
ot ej rej utejivs u aegami agovs ujnaaj an itidarop arom onun akstavrH" .adoran
i avard utirolok mokstejvs u sutats inejpsu nizejn az anduserp aegami anizejn
ajicatnezerp avijlmjod ej agot gobz i ,atar goksnivomod i itsejivop enlanoican
amizejlib minitamard s ,avard atanzirp ondoranuem i anlatsomas alatsan
-ovon ej akstavrH .ejneanaz ontadod i ami aadaz at unalp mondoranuem aN
.ujiserpske untnegrevid i unergop eprt en utetitnedi o enitsi
enarizinonak i ejnjark agotS .ovtindejaz ejnratunu ean ujurvu i tsejivsomas
unratinumok uan ujaaj omariurtsnok ibes o ejok ekils i omeirzi ibes o imas
ejok enitsI .avtsradopsog i ekitilop amitarapa minebdimorp i unogop moksjid
-em u ,uvtsranivon i icitsicilbup u ,icitilop jonrutluk i jonvozarbo ,jonevtsnanz
u ejicazilaer enizejn i eadaz et do ujaradudo ajok ajneamut hinlautka i hinsejivop
ekanierp ili ajnajnalku itsondohpoen an es aritsiznI .amivejlic mikindejaz
amerp ujicazilibom unevturd-onlanoican eitop ot i apolks gokstetitnedi gonvon
-so itsovijlejden o iodejvs ikilobmis ot ono evs an elkad ,.dti itsotiboso endor
-irp-onsipojlmez ,elaedi i itsondejirv ,ejaagod i edujl enjaanz an oneotodersu
ovtsnidej i ejsalgus onevturd-onlanoican eitsop es emit unalp mejnratunu aN
.agolzar hindoranuem gobz ,ovotogop ,ogen hijnratunu gobz
omas en onav ej oT .avturd gokstavrh utetitnedi o ekils i enitsi ensaj emokavs
ujajibzi nian navitkarta i vijltaepu ,nariznednok an hijok zi ekilbo evkat itad
iksredanem i ikintejmu ,ikstrepske-onevtsnanz mi ajlaV .ensirokseb ikitkarp
i enzarpsi ,evolaj utetitnedi o eirp ,es artams ,us agot zeB .anjazid i ejiserpske
ekstetitnedi amivtsders minarizilits otivotam i minejlims onlanoicar itinuptopu
abert agot gobz ej ap ubdevzi unrovtolejd ujovs iart ajok tsonravts uksjigetarts i
ukilobmis-onlarutluk ,ukitilop-onevturd oak ujamizu hi ev itsotepan i evovats
,urutkurts ujnratunu uvohijn ujutiporp eN .itnajirav hikstetitnedi hindohterp
ujivd ikvatsopterp hikitsiratinumok do ezalop izaksi iksrenjazid-onviserpskE
.avturd gokstavrh atetitnedi gonarirutkurts onmotohid jletazakop invonso
,ijicaletsnok jonsejivop jojnanad u ,tsonrejmsovd ej aT .)35-15:2991 ,nostreboR(
I tfahcslleseG oak arinifed nostreboR ejok ,avturd gonarirgetni iksporueonredom
gonbesaz ajejlibo es um ujad )ovtsdejsus oksnaklab an usondo u( urejms
mogurd u a ,I tfahcsniemeG oak arinifed nostreboR dlanoR ujok ,"ecindejaz
enlatejicos" entibomas ,entatsodomas onvitaler ekjaanz es um ujadirp urejms
)mokstejvs-oksporue( movrp U .tfahcslleseG oak anaklaB marps a tfahcsniemeG
oak arizitamet eporuE marps tetitnedi ikitilop es ad ier es ib olgom
,ujimotohid unvomjop uvoseinnT utanzop orbod iujariraV .itsonejivzar i ajovzar
minonis i anaklaB do akamdo gonvokilzar tup naejbzien ,mokitilop i ap ,udelgop
mokavs u kapi ej ila anilidi ejin ,onvaran ,ajok avturd ejickurtsnok eksporue
-onredom aminimret u es ag ajlimorp arotsorp gonlanoiger goksnaklab marpS
07
ujaricnetop jokstavrH u sanad es daK" :eak es jojok u ujicalumrof ukitsinredom
-tsop-okitsinredom ujinlakidar ujovs i ami etilajats oT .)44:4002 ,okokS
;2002 ,occoR( "atetitnedi gonlauziv gontnetsiznok agans ej avijlrejmen rej ,evard
egami an i eejtu okat ,ektrvt ekavs egami an eejtu onvitagen tetitnedi inlauziv
ol ot oaK .tetitnedi inlauziv invard ijioljan omami ijiciznart u amavard miks
-porue uem" ad itaritatsnok arom ,"uonsivazen i modobols monavikeo ogud
s ujuzevop igonm ejok ,elobmis et az itsonazev jonvitome otanu" ,es ap onurtsen
i onlanoiseforpen inear inamnara it us ad ,itsonlanoicnevnok jokitsilan
-oicidart jonvitnevnien u alatso ajnemanz hit ajneejr aksrenjazid-onlauziv
us ad erd emian itsinredoM .)atsketnok gonrutluk gokitsinredomtsop evejthaz
eksjicpecer-okslits an i ujavarozopu ijok( atsinredom i atsilanoicidart ,oneer
ontejvu ,uemzi aropejirp gotivonats od olod udelgop ej mot U .avatsaz i brg us
ot oak ajnemanz hikilobmis-onlanoican hintnenime onsondo ,ajejlibo hikstavrh
hijinvitatnezerperjan ejnatip in oneiboaz ejin ujnagart moksjicatnezerp mot U
.)71:0002 ,ivejlvokaJ( "utetitnedi
emovs u itami oarom ,evonatsu enevtsvardz ili envozarbo od aezudop gokavs do
,eromok eksradopsoG od acindejaz hikitsirut do ,ecindejaz kinoidus intalejd ikavs
ib ijok ejicomorp tnemele ivijnejmorpen" ot ej ad et "ejifozolif enjadorp" itsonjaarzi
an itidarop olajlav anagols hinejlims ikalanz metup ib ad es eaK .)93:4002
,okokS( utirt an ajnarinoicizop amelborp i amzilobmis amelborp ,itsontnerehok
amelborp :amelborp hinazevopuem ujirt ejneejr itavardas ib alarom atetit
-nedi ajicatnezerp anirt-onlauziv ,ujneanz monrovtolejd-onlaedi ,monervod
movs u aneavhS .ajidem hinvosam modorirp i atirt gonemervus motetilib
-iznes as ujnavialksu uvogejn an es aritsizni i itsonbesop hinirt hikstavarh
atetitnedi gonlauziv tsonav es ialvdoP .)81-71:4002 ,okokS( "amisondo mindoran
-uem u aseretni hinlanoican hintib ejneravtso olakalo i icindejaz jondoran
-uem u ekstavrH ajaolop ujnaaj es ib olejinodirp ejnavolejd onvitomorp i
onrutluk ,oksradopsog ,okstamolpid ,okitilop zork ,utejivs u aegami anizejn ejnari
-erk an mejacejtu minelsims et ekstavrH atetitnedi gotitsalv ijicatnezerp moput
-sirp mijintetilavK...egami navitagen ogalb od nalartuen ami ,amavard minidej
-op o onsivo ,et ajlamez ulejid meevjan u atanzopen onilirp oj ej rej utejivs
u tetitnedi vijltanzoperp amen akstavrH" ad aritatsnok ikitirk ulsims es mot U
.icniu ijintnaveler ujukeo ket es hijok do ,ezitrepske
enedevzi onaritnemugra i ejicnevni eksrenjazid amijiretirk itijlovodu avauk
-op es mojok ajiznemid anizejn ano ajintib okakavs ej ila ,ajneratavs gonejlbod
-opsirp "uktunert" ,goksjicazilanab atanemele i ka ap ,adubop hinrutknujnok
-onlajicremok i ami iskarp jot u ad es ejimuzaR .ajicazitamelborp hinlajicos-ohisp
i ajnajotsan hisredanem-onlarutluk ,eskarp ekintejmu movitom mikaterkop
minjaanz onminzi olatsop ,ikvatsopterp hikitilop i hinlarutluk zi onedevzi ,atetit
-nedi ejnarinjazid ej ad ucinejni itejmuzar ajlav eltadO .itsonbesop enitnetua
evs itamias elabert iksrenjazid es ib mejok u ajnavolejd ejurdop onvitkejorp
i oksjickurtsnok-onviserpske ono egami ej ikstetitnedI .)504-404:4002 ,okokS(
17
.akjuo .42 ,tsil ivoN .tkejorp iksnark ej ajinu aksporuE .)5002( .I ,iveD
.gnitekram nedloG :bergaZ .atetitnedi oM .)2002( .M ,slletsaC
."olapirT okiM" ovarp i ujicarkomed az ratneC/ubergaZ u atiliuevS
tetlukaf invarP :bergaZ .itsonugom i itsonadaZ .ejlad okaK .akstavrH .).ru( .S ,ilvaR/.V
,zijluP/.J ,ragerK :U .atetinredom i itsolorp uemzi tetitnedi ikstavrH .)4002( .N ,kaduB
.akjuo .42 ,tsil ivoN .akurop ansrksU .)5002( .J ,inazoB
.rebiL ivoN :bergaZ .ajicarkomed i mazilarebiL .)2991( .N ,oibboB
.kaZurK :bergaZ .iraitirk ivogejn i maziratinumoK .)4002( .D ,lleB
.egaS :nodnoL .ytitnedI larutluC fo snoitseuQ .)sde(
.P ,yaG/.S ,llaH :U .ytitnedi fo yrotsih trohs a ro - tsiruot ot mirglip morF .)6991( .Z ,namuaB
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TFAHCSLLESEG
NEHCSITAORK RED TTITNEDI RED ESYLANA RUZ GARTIEB
TTITNEDI RED GNUSSAFFUA EHCSITSIRATINUMMOK DNU ELAREBIL