1

M E T A B O L I S M
Metabolism
All chemical
reactions in
cell
=
Catabolism
Degradation
+ Anabolism
Synthesis
Production and utilization of
energyATP
Anabolism
Making needed molecules
Protein synthesis (use ATP)
Catabolism
Cellular respiration (makes ATP)
Phosphorylation moving phosphate
from ATP to other molecules
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
Redoxcoupled reactions
oxidation-reduction
LEO GER
Oxidationloss of electrons
Electrons must go somewhere
Electrons travel with protonsH
Dehydrogenases act as catalysts
to move H (electrons) in redox
reactions
Coenzymes temporarily hold electrons
Coenzymes become reduced when
substance is oxidized (redox)
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
flavin adenine dinucleotide
NAD and FADH
ATP Synthesis
Substrate-level Phosphorylation
Phosphate passed from substrate
to ADP
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle
2
ATP Synthesis
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Chemiosmosis
Electron Transport System
Electron energy harvested to
make ATP
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle, TCA, Citric acid cycle
Electron Transport System
Glucose converted to G-6-PO
4
Glucose + O
2
H
2
O + CO
2
+ 38 ATP + heat
Glycolysis
Glycolysis
Glucose-6-PO
4
2 pyruvate + 2 ATP
+ 2NADH
Substrate level phosphorylation
3
Krebs
cycle
Krebs cycle
Pyruvate Acetyl CoA + CO
2
+ NADH
Acetyl CoA 3CO
2
+ ATP + FADH
2
+
4NADH
Electron Transport System
10 NADH + 2 FADH
2
+ O
2

34 ATP + 6 H
2
O
Series of carrier molecules
cytochromes, flavins
Oxidative phosphorylation
Chemiosmosis
Electrons lose energy
passing from molecule
to molecule
Energy used to pump
H
+
across membrane in
mitochondria
Electron transport
Chemiosmosis
4
Metabolic poisons (cyanide)
interrupt electron flow
Maintaining glucose levels
glycogenesis ( ATP levels)
glycogenolysis ( glucose)
gluconeogenesis