Cerebellum

General
located at Posterior Cranial Fossa
seperated from the Cerebrum by Tentorium Cerebelli
covers the Forth Vertricle

Surface Anatomy
Cerebellum is composed of:
1. CEREBELLAR CORTEX
surface gray matter- contains cerebellar neurons
folded to increase surface area
2. MEDULLARY CORE OF CEREBELLUM
core white matter- contains axons of cerebellar neurons
3. DEEP CERBELLAR NUCLEI
cerebellar neurons

Anatomical Divisons of the Cerebellum
1. FOLIUM (FOLIA)
2. FISSURE (FISSURES)
TWO MAIN FISSURES divide the cerebellum into THREE LOBES

BODY OF CEREBELLUM s. CORPUS CEREBELLA

ANTERIOR LOBE
PRIMARY FISSURE
POSTERIOR LOBE

POSTEROLATERAL FISSURE

FLOCCULONODULAR LOBE

Functional Divisions of Cerebellum-1

CORPUS CEREBLLA-three longidtudinally oriented functional zones
Each is associated with specific DEEP CEREBELLAR NUCLEUS

VERMAL (MEDIAN) ZONE vestibular, somatosensory, visual, auditory

PARAVERMAL (INTERMEDIATE) ZONE proprioceptive, somatosensory (spinal cord)
motor (motor cortex --> pontine nuclei)

LATERAL ZONE motor cortex (area 4 and 6) --> pontine nuclei
Rest of cerebral cortex (except: temporal)

FLOCCULONODULAR LOBE








Functional Divisions of Cerebellum-2

VESTIBULOCEREBELLUM
Flocculonodular node
Input: vestibular, visual
Projects to: vestibular nuclei
Participates in: balance, vestibualr reflexes, eye movements

SPINOCEREBELLUM
Vermis, Intermediate Zone (of body)
Inputs: somatosensory, proprioceptive (spinal cord)
visual ()

CEREBROCEREBELLUM


Deep Cerebellar Nucleus
FASTIGIAL NUCLEUS
INTERPOSED NUCLEI
EMBOLIFORM
GLOBUSE NUCLEUS
DENTATE NUCLEUS
















Functional Zone Deep Cerebellar Nucleus

VERMAL (MEDIAN) ZONE FASTIGIAL NUCLEUS

PARAVERMAL (INTERMEDIATE) ZONE INTERPOSED NUCLEI
EMBOLIFORM
GLOBUSE NUCLEUS

LATERAL ZONE DENTATE NUCLEUS



Histology of Cerebellum

MOLECULAR LAYER
STELLATE CELLS
BASKET CELLS
FIBERS (dendritic arborization of Purkinje Cells, PARALLEL FIBERS of GRANULAR CELLS)

PURKINJE CELL LAYER (OUTPUT)
PURKINJE CELLS- inhibitory to Deep Cerebellar Nuclei

GRANULE CELL LAYER
GRANULE CELLS
GOLGI CELLS

MEDULLARY CORE OF THE CEREBELLUM

DEEP CEREBELLAR NUCLEI





















Afferents to the Cerebellum



1. CLIMBING FIBERS
Olivocerebellar Tract
Synapse on Granular Cells, Purkinje Cells

2. MOSSY FIBERS
Anterior Spinocerebellar Tract, Posterior Spinocerebellar Tracts, Pontocerebellar Tract
Synapse on Granular Cells





































CEREBELLAR PEDUNCLES and CEREBELLAR TRACTS


1. SUPERIOR CEREBELLAR PEDUCNE (s. BRACHIUM CONJUCTIVUM)



AFFERENT PATHWAYS
Anterior Spinocerebellar Tract
Ceruleocerebellar Tract
Trigeminocerebellar Fibers

EFFERENT PATHWAYS
DentatoRubroThalamic Tract
InterpositoRubroThalamic Tract

cerebellum midbrain, rostral pons
major efferent pathways (tracts)


2. MIDDLE CEREBELLAR PEDUCNE (s. BRACHIUM PONTIS)

AFFERENT PATHWAYS
Pontocerebellar Tract

cerebellum pons (largest peduncle)

3. INFERIOR CEREBELLAR PEDUCNE

RESTIFORM BODY JUSTARESTIFORM BODY

AFFERENT PATHWAYS AFFERENT PATHWAYS

EFFERENT PATHWAYS


cerebellum midbrain, rostral pons
major efferent pathways (tracts)