ALBUTEROL SULFATE CLASSIFICATION: Aminoglycosides

(SALBUTAMOL) ACTION: Inhibits protein synthesis by binding directly to the 30S

CLASSIFICATION: Bronchodilators
ACTION: Relaxes bronchial, uterine, and vascular smooth muscle
by stimulating beta2 receptors
INDICATIONS: To prevent or treat bronchospasm in patients w/
reversible obstructive airway disease.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Use cautiously in patients w/ CV
disorders, hyperthyroidism, or diabetes mellitus and in those who
are unusually responsive to adrenergics.
ADVERSE EFFECT: tremor, nervousness, dizziness, insomnia,
headache, hyperactivity, weakness, CNS, stimulation, malaise.
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Drug may decrease sensitivity
of spirometry used for diagnosis of asthma.
> when switching patient from regular to extended – release tablet,
remember that a regular 2mg – tablet every 6 hrs is equivalent to
an extended – release 4mg tablet every 12hrs.
STOCK: Capsule for inhalation 200mcg
Injection 1mg/1ml
ALLOPURINOL
(ALOPRIM, PURINOL)
CLASSIFICATION: Antigout drug
ACTION: Inhibits the enzyme responsible for the conversion of
purines to uric acid thus reducing the production of uric acid w/ a
decrease in serum and sometimes in urinary uric acid levels,
relieving the signs & symptoms of gout.
INDICATIONS: Management of patients w/ malignancies that
result in evaluations of serum and urinary uric acid.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Contraindicated w/ allergy to
allapurinol blood dyscrasias
ADVERSE EFFECT: GI – nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal
pain, cholestatic & jaundice.
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Monitor fluid I & O daily, urine
output at least 2L & maintenance of neutral or slightly alkaline
urine are desirable
> monitor uric acid level at evaluate drugs effectiveness
STOCK: 100, 300mg, powder for injection – 500mg
ribosomal, subunit; bactericidal
INDICATIONS: Serious infections cause by sensitive strains of
pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, or
Staphylococcus
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Contraindicated in patient
hypersensitive to drugs or other aminoglycosides.
> use cautiously in patients with impaired renal function or
neuromuscular disorders, in neonates & infants, and in elderly
patients.
ADVERSE EFFECT: Neuromuscular blockade, apnea
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Watch for signs and symptoms
of super infection (especially of upper respiratory tract), such as
continued fever, chills, and increased pulse rate.
STOCK: INJECTION: 50mg/ml (pedia)
250mg/ml, 5mg/ml (500mg) in normal saline solution
AMOXICILLIN TRIHYDRATE
(ALPHAMOX)
CLASSIFICATION: PENICILLINS
ACTION: Inhibits cell-wall synthesis during bacterial
multiplication
INDICATIONS: Mild to moderate infections of the ear, nose, &
throat, skin and skin structure, or genitourinary tract.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Contraindicated in patients
hypersensitive to drug or other penicillins
> use cautiously in pts. w/ other drug allergies (especially to
cephalosporins) bec. of possible cross-sensitivity.
ADVERSE EFFECT: Lethargy, hallucinations, seizures, anxiety,
confusion, agitation, depression, dizziness, fatigue.
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Before giving ask patient about
allergic rxns to penicillin.
> Amoxicillin usually causes fewer cases of diarrhea than does
ampicillin.
STOCK: Capsules: 250mg, 500mg.
Oral Suspension: 50mg/ml (pedia), 125mg/5ml, 200mg/5ml,
250mg/5ml, 400mg/5ml (after reconstitution)
Vials: 1,000,000 iu, 5,000,000 iu - penicillins

ALPRAZOLAM
(XANAX)
AMPICILLIN
(PENBRITIN, PRINCIPEN)
CLASSIFICATION: Anxiolytics
ACTION: Unknown. A benzodiazepine that probably potentiates
CLASSIFICATION: PENICILLINS
the effects of GABA, depresses the CNS, and suppresses the
ACTION: Inhibits cell-wall synthesis during bacterial
spread of seizure activity
multiplication
INDICATIONS: Anxiety, panic disorders
INDICATIONS: Respiratory tract or skin and skin structure
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Use cautiously in pts. w/ hepatic, renal
infections
and pulmonary disease.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Give dry I.M. or I.V. only if prescribed
ADVERSE EFFECT: drowsiness, light-headedness, seduction,
and the infection is severe or if patient can’t take oral dose.
somnolence, hot flushes, chest pain, hypotension, diarrhea,
> To prevent bacterial endocarditis in pts. At high risk, give drug
vomiting, dyspepsia, nausea
w/ gentamicin
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Monitor hepatic, renal, and
ADVERSE EFFECT: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, glossitis,
hematopoietic function periodically in pts. receiving repeated or
stomatitis, gastritis, abdominal pain, enterocolitis,
prolonged therapy
pseudomembranocolitis, black hairy tongue.
STOCK: Oral solution: 1mg/ml
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Give drug 1-2 hours before or 2-
Tablets: 0.25mg, 0.5mg, 1mg, 2mg
3° p meals. When given orally, drug may cause GI disturbances.
Food may interfere with absorption.
STOCK: Capsules: 250mg, 500mg
Injection: 250mg, 500mg, 1g, 2g
Oral Suspension: 125mg/5ml, 250mg/5ml

ASPIRIN
(Bayer)
AMIKACIN SULFATE
(AMIKIN)
CLASSIFICATION: Antipyretic, Analgesic
ACTION: Analgesic and antirheumatic effects are attributable to
aspirins ability to inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins, impt.
med’s of inflammation
INDICATIONS: Mild to moderate pain, fever, MI prophylaxis,
inflammatory conditions – rheumatic fever, rheumatoid, arthritis,
osteothritis
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Use cautiously in patients w/ GI
lesions, impaired renal function hypoprothrombinemia, vit. K
deficiency thrombocytopenia, thrombotic, thrombocytopenic
ADVERSE EFFECT: Acute aspirin toxicity, aspirin intolerance,
nausea, dyspepsia, heartburn
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: w/ pt. w/ swallowing
difficulties, crush non enteric-coated aspirin and dissolve in soft
food or liquid.
> febrile dehydrated children can develop toxicity rapidly.
STOCK: Suppositories – 120mg, 200mg
Tablets – 325mg, 500mg
ATENOLOL
(APO-ATENOLOL, GEN-ATENOLOL, TENORMIN)
CLASSIFICATION: Betal selective adrenergic blocker,
Antianginal
ACTION: Blocks beta-adrenergic receptors of the sympathetic
nervous system in the heart and juxtaglomerular apparatus thus
increasing the excitability of the heart
INDICATIONS: Treatment of angima pectoris due to coronary
atherosclerosis
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Contraindicated w/ bradycardia, second
or third degree heart block, cardiogenic shock, CHF, pregnancy
ADVERSE EFFECT: Gastric pain, flatulence, constipation,
nausea, vomiting, anorexia, ischemic colitis
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Do not discontinue drug
abruptly after long-term therapy
STOCK: tablets – 25, 50, 100
ATROPINE SULFATE
(SAL – TROPINE)
CLASSIFICATION: Anti-arrythmics
ACTION: An anticholinergic that inhibits acetylcholine at the
parasympathetic neuroeffector junction, blocking vagal effects on
the SA and AV nodes, thereby enhancing conduction through the
AV Nodes and increasing the heart rate.
INDICATIONS: Symptomatic bradycardia, bradyarhytmia
(junctional or escape rhythm)
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Contraindicated in those w/ acute
glaucoma, obstructive uropathy, obstructive dse. of G.I. tract,
paralytic ileus, toxic megacolon, intestinal atony, unstable CV
status in acute hemorrhage, tachycardia, myocardial ischemia,
asthma, or myasthenia gravis.
ADVERSE EFFECT: Headaches, restlessness, ataxia,
disorientation, hallucinations, delirium, insomnia, dizziness,
excitement, agitation, confusion.
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Many adverse rxn (such as dry
mouth and constipation) vary with the dose.
> Monitor fluid intake and urine output. Drug causes urine
retention and urinary hesitancy.
STOCK: INJECTION: 0.05mg/ml, 0.1mg/ml, 0.3mg/ml,
0.4mg/ml, 0.5mg/ml, 0.8mg/ml, 1mg/ml
TABLETS: 0.4mg
CIMETIDINE
(TAGAMENT)
CLASSIFICATION: Anti-ulcer drugs
ACTION: Competitively inhibits action of histamine on the H2 at
receptor sites of parietal cells, decreasing gastric acid secretion.
INDICATIONS: To prevent upper GI bleeding in critically ill
patients.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Use cautiously in elderly or debilitated
patients because they may be more susceptible to crimetidine –
induced confusion.
ADVERSE EFFECT: Confusion, dizziness, headache, peripheral
neuropathy, somnolence, hallucinations.
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Assess pt. for abdominal pain.
Note blood in emesis, stool, or gastric aspirate.
STOCK: Injection: 300mg/2ml, 300mg in 50ml normal saline
solution, 300mg/2ml ADD-vantage-vial
Tablets: 100mg, 200mg, 300mg, 400mg, 800mg
CEFTRIAXONE SODIUM
(ROCEPHIN)
CLASSIFICATION: Anti-infectiveness
ACTION: Third-generation cephalosporins that inhibits cell-wall
synthesis, promoting osmotic instability, usually bactericidal.
INDICATIONS: Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, infection of the urinary
and lower respiratory tracts, and skin and skin structure infection
caused by streptococcus pneumoniae and spyogenes, haemophilis
influenzae, staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, moravella
contarrhalis, neisseria
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Use cautiously in pts., hypersensitive to
penicillin because of possibility, usually bactericidal
ADVERSE EFFECT: Fever, headache, dizziness, phlebitis, genital
pruritus, candidiasis.
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Cefuroxime axely tablets maybe
crushed, if absolutely necessary, for pt. who can’t swallow tablets,
tablets maybe dissolved in small amounts of apple, orange, or
grape juice or chocolate milk.
STOCK: Injection: 250mg, 500mg, 1g, 2g
CEFUROXIME
(ZINACEF)
CLASSIFICATION: Anti-infectives
ACTION: Second generation cephalosporins that inhibits cell-wall
synthesis, promoting osmotic instability, usually bactericidal
INDICATIONS: Serious lower respiratory tract infections, UTI’s
skin and skin – structure infections, bone and joint infections,
septicemia, meningitis and gonorrhea
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Use cautiously in patients
hypersensitive to penicillin because of possibility of cross-
sensitivity w/ other beta-lactam antibiotics.
ADVERSE EFFECT: Phlebitis, thromboplebitis, nausea, anorexia,
vomiting, diarrhea, anemia, rashes
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: For IM administration, inject
deep into a large muscle, such as the gluteus maximus or the lateral
aspect of the thigh
>Before administration, ask patient if he is allergic to penicillins.
STOCK: Suspension: 125mg/5ml, 250mg/5ml
Tablets: 125mg, 250g, 500mg
Vials: 250mg, 750mg, 1.5 gms
CLONAZEPAM
(KLONOPIN)
CLASSIFICATION: Anti-convulsants
ACTION: Unknown. A benzodiazepine that probably acts by
facilitating the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA.
INDICATIONS: Lennox – Gastraut Syndrome, atypical absence
seizures, akinetic and myoclonic seizures.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Use cautiously in children and in
patients w/ chronic respiratory disease or open angle glaucoma.
ADVERSE EFFECT: Drowsiness, ataxia, behavioral disturbances,
depression, palpitations, nystagmus, abnormal eye movements,
dysuria, nocturia, diarrhea
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Monitor pt. for oversedation
> Monitor CBC and liver functions test.
STOCK: Tablets: 0.rmg, 1mg, 2mg
DIAZEPAM
(ANXIONIL OR VALIUM)
CLASSIFICATION: Central Nervous system drugs, Anxiolytics
ACTION: Unknown. A benzodiazepine that probably potentiates
the effects of GABA, depresses the CNS, and suppresses the
spread of seizure activity.
INDICATIONS: Anxiety, acute alcohol withdrawal, muscle
spasm, cardioversion, adjunct treatment for seizure disorders.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Contraindicated in pts. hypersensitive
to drugs or soy protein, in pts. experiencing shock, coma or acute
alcohol intoxication, (parenteral form) in pregnant woman,
especially in 1st trimester and in children younger than age 6 mos.
ADVERSE EFFECT: Drowsiness, dysathria, slurred speech,
tremor, transient, amnesia, fatigue, ataxia, headache, insomnia,
paradoximal, anxiety, hallucinations, minor changes in EEG
patterns.
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Use distat rectal gel to treat no
more than five episodes/mos. and no more than one episode every
5 days bec. tolerance may develop.
STOCK: Capsules: 15mg
Injection: 5mg/ml
Tablets: 2mg/5mg, 10mg
DEXAMETHASONE
(MEXADROL)
CLASSIFICATION: Corticosteroids, hormonal drugs
ACTION: Decreased inflammatory, mainly by stabilizing
leukocyte lysosomal membranes, suppresses immune system
response, stimulates bone marrow, air influence protein, fat, and
carbohydrate metabolism
INDICATIONS: Cerebral edema, dexamethasone suppression test
for cushing’s syndrome, shock, inflammatory conditions, allergic
reactions neoplasia
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Use cautiously in pts. w/ ulcer, seizure,
heart failure, psychotic tendencies, hepatitis, seizures, lactation,
myasthenia
ADVERSE EFFECT: heart failure, cataracts, glaucoma,
hypertension, edema, paresthesia
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Monitor patients weight, blood
pressure, and electrolyte levels.
> Diabetic pt. may need increased insulin, monitor glucose levels
STOCK: Elixir: 0.5mg/5ml
Tablets: 0.25mg, 0.5mg.
Amp: 5mg/ml
Vial: 4mg/ml
DIPHENHYDRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
(BENADRYL)
CLASSIFICATION: Antihistamines
ACTION: Competes w/ histamine for H1 – receptor sites on
effector cells. Prevents but doesn’t reverse, histamine – mediated
responses particularly those of the smooth muscle of the bronchial
tubes, GI tract, uterus, and blood vessels. Structurally related to
local anesthetics, di phenhydramine provides local anesthesia and
suppresses cough reflex.
INDICATIONS: Rhinitis, allergy symptoms, motion sickness,
parkinson’s disease
> Sedation, nighttime sleep aid, non productive cough
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Use with caution in patients w/
prostatic hyperplasia, asthma, COPD, increased intraocular
pressure, hyperthyroidism, CV disease, and hypertension.
ADVERSE EFFECT: Drowsiness, confusion, insomnia, headache,
vertigo, sensation, sleepiness, dizziness, incoordination, fatigue,
restlessness, tremor, nervousness, seizures.
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Stop drug 4 days before
diagnostic skin testing because antihistamines can prevent, reduce,
or mask positive skin test response.
STOCK: Capsules: 25mg
Elixir: 12.5mg/5ml
Injection: 10mg/ml
EPINEPRINE
(ADRENALINE)
CLASSIFICATION: Bronchodilators
ACTION: Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by stimulating beta2
receptors and alpha and beta receptors in the sympathetic nervous
system.
INDICATIONS: Bronchospasm, hypersensitivity, rxn’s
anaphylaxis, acute asthma attacks
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Contraindicated in pts. w/ angle closure
glaucoma, shock (other than anaphylactic shock), organic brain
damage, cardiac dilation, arrhythmias, coronary insufficiency, or
cerebral arteriosclerosis,
ADVERSE EFFECT: Nervousness, trmor, vertigo, pain, fear,
dizziness, headache, disorientation, agitation, drowsiness,
weakness, cerebral hemorrhage, CVA.
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Epinephrine is drug of choice in
emergency treatment of acute anaphylactic rxns.
STOCK: Aerosol inhaler: 160mcg, 200mcg, 220mcg
Nebulizer inhaler: 1%
FENTANYL CITRATE
(SUBLIMAZE)
CLASSIFICATION: Opioid Analgesics
ACTION: Binds with opiate receptors in the CNS, altering
perception of and emotional response to pain
INDICATIONS: Adjunct to general anesthetic
> To manage chronic pain
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Don’t give transdermal fentanyl to
patients younger than age 12 or those younger than age 18 who
weightless than 110lls (50kg) or those for postoperative pain.
ADVERSE EFFECT: Sedation, somnolence, clouded, sensorium,
euphoria, dizziness, headache, confusion, asthenia, chest pain.
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Monitor circulatory and
respiratory status and urinary function carefully. Drug may cause
respiratory depression, hypotension, urine retention, nausea,
vomiting ileus, or altered level of consciousness no matter how it
is given.
STOCK: Injection: 50mcg/ml
Transmucocal: 200mcg, 400mcg, 600mcg, 88mcg, 1,200mcg,
1,600mcg
GENTAMICIN SULFATE
(CIDOMYCIN, GARAMYCIN)
CLASSIFICATION: Aminoglycosides
ACTION: Inhibits protein synthesis by binding directly to the 30s
ribosomal subunit, bactericidal.
INDICATIONS: Serious infections caused by sensitive strains of
pseudomonas aeruginosa, eschericia coli, proteus, klebsiella, or
staphylococcus
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Used cautiously in pts. hypersensitive
to drugs, use cautiously in neonates, infants, elderly patients w/
impaired renal function or neuromuscular disorders.
ADVERSE EFFECT: Fever, headache, lethargy, encephalopathy,
confusion, dizziness, seizures, numbness, peripheral neuropathy,
vertigo, ataxia, tingling.
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Weight patient & review renal
function studies before therapy begins.
STOCK: Injection: 40mg/ml, 10mg/ml
I.V Infusion: 40mg, 60mg, 70mg, 80mg, 90mg, 100mg, 120mg, in
normal saline solution.
GUAIFENESIN
(ROBITUSSIN)
CLASSIFICATION: Expectorant
ACTION: Enhances the output of respiratory tract fluid by
reducing adhesiveness and surface tension, facilitating the removal
of viscous mucus.
INDICATIONS: Symptomatic relief of respiratory conditions
characterized by dry, nonproductive cough and when there is
mucus in the respiratory tract.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Contraindicated w/ allergy to
guaifenesin, use cautiously w/ pregnancy, lactation & persistent
cough.
ADVERSE EFFECT: GI: nausea w/ pregnancy, lactation &
vomiting, GI discomfort.
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Monitor rxn to drug persistent
cough for longer than 1 wk., fever, rash/persistent headache may
indicate a more serious conditions.
STOCK: Syrup: 100mg/5ml
Tablets: 100, 200, 400mg
HYDROCORTISONE
(AQUACORT)
CLASSIFICATION: Hormonal Drugs, Corticosteroids
ACTION: Decreased inflammation, mainly by stabilizing
leukocyte, lysomal membranes, suppresses immune response,
stimulates bone marrow, and influences protein, fat &
carbohydrate metabolism.
INDICATIONS: Severe inflammation, adrenal insufficiency
shock, adjunct treatment for ulcerative colitis proctitis.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: used cautiously in pts. w/ G.I ulcer,
renal dse., hypertension, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus,
hypothyroidism, cirrhosis, diverticulitis, non-specific ulcerative,
colitis, psychotic tendencies.
ADVERSE EFFECT: Heart failure, hypertension, edema,
glaucoma, easy bruising, skin eruptions, dizziness, lethargy,
depression, anorexia.
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Determine whether pt. is
sensitive to other corticosteroids.
STOCK: Tablets: 5mg, 10mg, 20mg
Oral suspension: 2mg/ml
HYDRALAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE
(ALPHAPRESS)
CLASSIFICATION: Antihypertensives
ACTION: Unknown. A direct – acting vasodilator that relaxes
arteriolar smooth muscle.
INDICATIONS: Essential hypertension (orally, alone w/ other
antihypertensives), severe essential hypertension (parenterally, to
lower blood pressure quickly).
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Contraindicated in those w/ coronary
artery disease or mitral valuular rheumatic heart dse.
ADVERSE EFFECT: rash, tachycardia, nasal congestion, nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, constipation.
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Monitor pts. blood pressure,
pulse rate, and body weight frequently, hydralazine may be given
w/ diuretics and beta blockers to decrease sodium retention and
tachycardia and to prevent angina attacks.
STOCK: Injection: 20mg/ml
Tablets: 10mg, 25mg, 50mg, 100mg
HYDROCORTISONE
(CORTEF)
CLASSIFICATION: Corticosteriods
ACTION: Decreased inflammation, mainly by stabilizing
leukocyte, lysosomal membranes, suppress immune response,
stimulates bone marrow, and influences protein, fat &
carbohydrate metabolism.
INDICATIONS: Severe inflammation, adrenal insufficiency
shock, adjunct treatment for ulcerative colitis and proctitis.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Use cautiously in patients w/ GI ulcer
renal dse., hypertension, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus,
hypothyroidism, cirrhosis, diverticulitis, nonspecific ulcerative
colitis, active hepatitis, lactation, recent intestinal anastomoses,
thomboembolic disorders, seizures, myasthenia, gravis, heart
failure, tuberculosis, ocular herpes simplex, emotional instability,
and psychotic tendencies.
ADVERSE EFFECT: Euphoria, insomnia, psychotic behavior,
heart failure, pancreatitis, hypoglycemia.
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: For better results and less
toxicity, give a once-daily dose in morning.
> Inspect patient’s skin for petechiae.
STOCK: Injection: 25mg/ml, 50mg/ml suspension
KETOPROFEN
(RHOVAIL)
CLASSIFICATION: NSAIP, Non opioid analgesic
ACTION: Anti-inflammatory & analgesic activity, inhibits
prostaglandin & leukotriene, synthesis & has anti-bradykinin &
lysosomal membrane stabilizing others action.
INDICATIONS: Relief of mild to moderate pain, treatment of
dysmenorrheal, reduction of fever (OTC indication), temporary
relief of minor aches & pains.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: w/ significant renal impairment,
pregnancy, lactation, allergy to ketoprofen, aspirin.
ADVERSE EFFECT: GI: nausea, dyspepsia, pain, diarrhea,
vomiting, flatulence, constipation
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Administer drug w/ food / after
meals if GI upsent occurs.
STOCK: Tablets: 12.5mg
Capsules: 25-50
MEPERIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE
(DEMEROL)
CLASSIFICATION: Opiod Analgesics
ACTION: Unknown. Binds w/ opiate receptors in the CNS,
altering perception of and emotional response to pain.
INDICATIONS: Moderate to severe pain, preoperative analgesia.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Contraindicated in pts. hypersensitive
to drug and in those who have received MAO inhibitors w/in
14days.
ADVERSE EFFECT: Physical dependence, sedation, somnolence,
clouded, sensorium, euphoria, paradoximal anxiety, tremor,
dizziness, seizures, headache, hallucinations, syncope, light-
headedness.
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Active metabolite of meperidine
may accumulate in pts. w/ renal dysfunction, causing increased
adverse CNS rxn’s.
STOCK: Injection: 10mg/ml, 25mg/ml, 50mg/ml, 75mg/ml, (NIDAZOL, PROTOSTAT)
100mg/ml
Syrup: 50mg/5ml CLASSIFICATION: Amebicides and Antiprotozoals
Tablets: 500mg, 1000mg ACTION: Direct – acting trichomonacide and amebicide that
works inside and outside the intestines. It’s thought to enter the
cells of microorganisms that contain nitroreductase, forming
unstable compounds that bind to DNA and inhibit synthesis,
METHYLERGONOVINE MALEATE
causing cell death.
(METHERGINE)
INDICATIONS: Amebic liver abscess, intestinal amebiasis,
trichomoniasis.
CLASSIFICATION: Oxytocics
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Use cautiously in breast-feeding
ACTION: Increase motor activity of the uterus by direct
patients, its unknown if drug appears in breast milk.
stimulation of the smooth muscle, shortening the 3rd stage of labor,
ADVERSE EFFECT: Fever, vertigo, headache, ataxia, dizziness,
and reducing blood loss
syncope, incoordination, confusion, irritability, sinusitis, nausea,
INDICATIONS: To prevent and treat postpartum hemorrhage
vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea.
caused by uterine atony or subinuolution.
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Give oral form w/ meals.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Use cautiously in pts. w/ sepsis,
> Record no. and character of stools when drug is used to treat
oblilerative vascular dse. or hepatic or or renal dse.
amebiasis. Give metronidazole only after trichomonas vaginalis
ADVERSE EFFECT: Dizziness, headache, hypertension, transient
infection is confirmed by wet smear or culture or entameba
chest pain, leg cramps, dyspnea, diaphoresis.
hystolictica is identified.
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Monitor and record blood
STOCK: Capsules: 375 mg.
pressure, pulse rate and uterine response, report, sudden change in
Injection: 500mg/100ml ready to use minibags
vital signs, frequent periods of uterine relaxation, and character
and amount of vaginal bleeding.
STOCK: Injection: 0.2mg/ml
Tablets: 0.2mg MANNITOL
(OSMITROL)

CLASSIFICATION: Diuretics
MIDAZOLAM HYDROCHLORIDE
ACTION: Increases osmotic pressure of glomerular filtrate,
(HYPNOVEL)
inhibiting tubular reabsorption of water and electrolytes, drug
elevates plasma osmolality, increasing water flow into
CLASSIFICATION: Anxiolytics
extracellular fluid.
ACTION: Unknown. A benzodiazepine that probably potentiates
INDICATIONS: To prevent oliguria or acute renal failure
the effects of GABA, depresses the CNS, and suppresses the
> To reduce intraocular or intracranial pressure
spread of seizure activity.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Contraindicated in pts. w/ anuria,
INDICATIONS: To induce sleepiness and amnesia and to relieve
severe pulmonary congestion, frank pulmonary edema, severe
apprehension before anesthesia, or before and during procedures in
heart failure, severe dehydration, metabolic edema, progressive
children.
renal dses. Or dysfunction, or active intracranial pressure.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Use cautiously in pts. w/
ADVERSE EFFECT: Seizures, dizziness, headache, fever, edema,
uncompensated acute illness and in elderly or depiliated pts.
blurred vision, rhinitis, nausea, vomiting.
ADVERSE EFFECT: CNS: headache, amnesia, drowsiness,
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Monitor vital signs, including
excitement. GI: nausea, vomiting, apnea, hiccups
central venous pressure and fluid intake and output hourly. Report
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Monitor blood pressure, heart
increasing oliguria, check weight, renal fxn, fluid balance, and
rate and rhythm, respirations, airway integrity, and arterial oxygen
serum and urine sodium & potassium levels daily.
saturation during procedure.
STOCK: Injection: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%
STOCK: Injection: 1mg/ml, 5m/ml
Syrup: 2mg/ml

NALOXONE HYDROCHLORIDE
METOCLOPRAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE
(NARCAN)
(PLASIL)
CLASSIFICATION: Miscellaneous antagonists & antidotes
CLASSIFICATION: Antiemetics
ACTION: Unknown. Thought to displace opioid analgesics from
ACTION: Stimulates motility of upper GI tract, increases lower
their receptors (competitive antagonism), drug has no
esophageal sphincter tone, and blocks dopamine receptors at the
pharmacologic actv. Of its own.
chestmoreceptor trigger zone.
INDICATIONS: Known or suspected opioid – induced respiratory
INDICATIONS: To prevent or reduce nausea and vomiting from
depression, including that caused by pentazocine & propoxyphene.
anetogenic cancer chestmotherapy
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Use cautiously in patients w/ cardiac
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Use cautiously in pts. w/ history of
irritability or opioid addiction. Abrupt reversal of opioid – induced
depression, parkinson’s dse. or hypertension.
CNS depression may result in nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis,
ADVERSE EFFECT: restlessness, anxiety, drowsiness, fatigue,
tachycardia, CNS excitement, & increase blood pressure.
lassitude, fever, depression, hallucination, headache, nausea, bowel
ADVERSE EFFECT: Tremors, seizures, tachycardia, hypertensive
disorders, diarrhea, rash, urticaria.
w/ higher than recommended doses, hypotension, nausea,
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Monitor bowel sounds
vomiting.
> When oral sol. Is used dilute in pudding, apple sauce just before
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Monitor respiratory depth &
using.
rate. Be prepared to provide oxygen, ventilation, and other
STOCK: Injection: 5mg/ml
resuscitation measures.
Syrup: 5mg/5ml, 10mg/ml
STOCK: Injection: 0.02mg/ml, 0.4mg/ml
Tablets: 5mg, 10mg

NALBUPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE
METRONIDAZOLE
 (NUBAIN) CONTRAINDICATIONS: Contraindicated in pts. hypersensitive
to hydantoin and in those w/ sinus bradycardia, SA block, second
CLASSIFICATION: Opiod Analgesics or third degree AV block, or Adams-Strokes Syndrome.
ACTION: Unknown. Binds w/ opiate receptors in the CNS, ADVERSE EFFECT: Gingival hyperplasia, nausea, vomiting,
altering perception of and emotional response to pain. constipation
INDICATIONS: Moderate to severe pain NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Use only clear solution for
Adjunct to balanced anesthesia injection. A slight yellow color is acceptable. Don’t refrigerate.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Use cautiously in patients w/ history of STOCK: Oral Suspension: 125mg/5ml
drug abuse and in those w/ emotional instability, head injury, Tablets: 50mg
increased intracranial pressure, impaired ventilation, MI
encompanied by nausea and vomiting, upcoming biliary, surgery,
and hepatic or renal disease.
PYREGABALIN
ADVERSE EFFECT: Headache, sedation, dizziness, vertigo,
(LYRICA)
nervousness, depression, hallucination, vomiting, constipation,
urinary, pruritis, burning, asthma.
CLASSIFICATION: Calcium channel modulator, Analgesic,
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Reassess patient’s level of pain
Antiepileptic
at least 15 and 30mins after parenteral administration.
ACTION: Binds to alpha2 - delta sites on the nerves in the CNS,
> Monitor respiratory and circulatory status of the pt. and bladder
w/c reduces the calcium influx into the cell and decreases the
vowel function.
releases of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft, resulting in
STOCK: Injection: 10mg/ml, 20mg/ml
less stimulating of the nerve.
INDICATIONS: Management of acute pain associated w/ diabetic
peripheral neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia.
NIFEDIPINE CONTRAINDICATIONS: Contraindicated w/ known
(PROCARDIA) hypersensitivity to pregabalin / any component of the drug
lactation.
CLASSIFICATION: Antianginals ADVERSE EFFECT: GI: dry mouth, constipation, flatulence
ACTION: Thought to inhibit calcium ion influx across cardiac and NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Provide safety measure if
smooth muscle cells, decreasing contractility and oxygen demand. dizziness, somnolence, changes in thinking occur.
Also may dilate coronary arteries and arterioles. > Monitor weight gain & fluid retention, adjust treatment for
INDICATIONS: Vasospastic angina, classic chronic stable angina diabetes, CHF accordingly.
pectoris. STOCK: Tablets: 50mg, 250mg
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Use cautiously in patients w/ heart Suspension: 250mg/5ml
failure or hypotension and in elderly patients. Use extended –
release tablets cautiously in pts. w/ severe GI narrowing.
ADVERSE EFFECT: Dizziness, light-headedness, somnolence,
headache, weakness, syncope, nervousness, heart failure.
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Don’t give immediate – release
form w/in 1 week of acute MI or in acute coronary syndrome.
> Monitor blood pressure regularly, especially in pts. who take
beta blockers or antihypertensives.
STOCK: Capsules: 10mg, 20mg
RANITIDINE
Tablets: 30mg, 60mg, 90mg
(ZANTAC)

CLASSIFICATION: Anti-ulcer drugs

PENICILLIN 6 POTASSIUM ACTION: Competitively inhibits action of histamine on the H2 at
(PFIZERPEN) receptor sites of parietal cells, decreasing gastric acid secretion.
INDICATIONS: Maintenance therapy for duodenal or gastric
CLASSIFICATION: Anti-infectives ulcer.
ACTION: Inhibits cell-wall synthesis during bacterial CONTRAINDICATIONS: Use cautiously in pts. w/ hepatic
multiplication. dysfunction. Adjust dosage in pts. w/ impaired renal function.
INDICATIONS: Moderate to severe systemic infection ADVERSE EFFECT: Vertigo, malaise, headache, jaundice.
> Anthrax NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Assess pt. for abdominal pain.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Use cautiously in pts. w/ other drug Note presence of blood in emesis, stool or gastric aspirate.
allergies, especially to cephalosporins, because of possible cross- STOCK: Granules: 150mg.
sensitivity. Injection: 25mg/ml
ADVERSE EFFECT: Nausea, vomiting, enterocolitis, seizures, Syrup: 15mg/ml
anxiety, dizziness, fatigue Tablets: 75mg
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Before giving drug, ask the
patients hypersensitive to drug or other penicillins.
STOCK: Injection: 1 million units, 5 million units, 20 million
RIFAMPICIN
units.
(ROFACT)
Tablets: 500,000 units
CLASSIFICATION: Anti-tuberculotics and antileprotics
ACTION: Inhibits DNA - dependent RNA polymerase, w/c
PHENYTOIN SODIUM impairs RNA Synthesis, bactericidal.
(DILANTIN) INDICATIONS: Pulmonary tuberculosis, w/ other anti-
tuberculotics.
CLASSIFICATION: Anticonvulsants CONTRAINDICATIONS: Use cautiously w/ patient
ACTION: Unknown hypersensitivity to rifampin.
INDICATIONS: To control tonic-clonic (grand mal) & complex > Use cautiously in patient w/ liver disease.
partial (temporal lobe) seizures
ADVERSE EFFECT: Headache, fatigue, drowsiness, dizziness,
numbness, ataxia, shock.
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Give drug w/ at least one other
antituberculotic.
> Give P.O. doses 1 hr. before or 2 hrs. after meals for optimal
absorption, if GI irritation occurs, may give w/ meals.
STOCK: Capsules: 150mg, 300mg
PHENOBARBITAL
(SOLFOTON)
CLASSIFICATION: Anticonvulsants
ACTION: As barbiturate, probably depresses CNS, and increases
seizure threshold. As sedative, may interfere w/ transmission of
impulses from thalamus to cortex of brain.
INDICATIONS: Anti-convulsant, febrile seizures, status
epilepticus.
> Sedation, Insomnia, preoperative sedation
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Use cautiously in patients with acute or
renal chronic pain, depression, suicidal, tendencies, history of drug
abuse, fever, hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, severe anemia,
blood pressure alterations, CV disease, shock, or uremia, and in
elderly or debilitated patients.
ADVERSE EFFECT: Drowsiness, lethargy, hangover,
paradoxical, excitement in elderly patients, somnolence, changes in
EEG patterns, physical and psychological dependence.
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Give I.M injection deeply into
large muscles. Superficial injection may cause pain, sterile abscess,
and tissue sloughing.
> Don’t stop drug abruptly because this may worsen seizures. Call
prescriber immediately if adverse rxn’s develop.
STOCK: Capsules: 16mg
PYRAZINAMIDE
(TEBRAZID)
CLASSIFICATION: Antituberculotic
ACTION: Bacteriostatic or bacteriodical against mycobacterium
tuberculosis mechanism of action is unknown.
INDICATIONS: Initial treatment of active TB in adults & children
when combined w/ other antituberculotics.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Contraindicated w/ allergy to
pyrazinamide, acute hepatic dses., lactation, acute gout.
ADVERSE EFFECT: GI: Hepatotoxicity, nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, anorexia
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Administer only in conjunction
w/ other antituberculotics
> Administer once a day
STOCK: Tablets: 500mg
ROMELTEON
(ROZEREM)
CLASSIFICATION: Melatonin receptor, agonist, sedative
hypnotic.
ACTION: Agonist at melatonin receptor sites believed to
contribute to sleep promotion and though to be involved in the
maintenance of circadian rhythm underlying the normal - wake
cycle.
INDICATIONS: Treatment of insomia characterized by difficulty
w/ sleep onset.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Contraindicated w/ known hyper
sensitivity to any component of the drug.
> Severe sleep apnea, severe COPD.
ADVERSE EFFECT: GI: nausea, diarrhea
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Administer drug 30mins before
pt. is going to bed, encourage no other actv. After patient takes the
drug.
STOCK: Tablets: 60mg
RANIPRIL
(ALTACE)
CLASSIFICATION: Antihypertensive, ace inhibitor
ACTION: Blocks Ace ffom converting angiotensin I to angiotensin
II, a powerful vasoconstrictor, leading to decrease BP, decrease
aldosterone secretion
INDICATIONS: Treatment of hypertension alone or combination
w/ thiazide-type diuretics treatment of CHF in stable patients in the
1st few days after MI.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Contraindicated w/ allergy to ranipril
salt / volume depletion, lactation
ADVERSE EFFECT: Gastric irritation, opthous ulcers, dysgeusia,
hepatocellular, injury, anorexia.
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Monitor patient closely or
falling BP 2° to reduction in fluid volume because excessive
hypotension may occur.
STOCK: Capsule: 1.25mg, 2.5mg, 5mg, 10mg
SODIUM BICARBONATE
CLASSIFICATION: Acidifiers and Alkalinizer
ACTION: Restore buffering capacity of the body and neutralizes
excess acid
INDICATIONS: Metabolic acidosis, systemic or urinary
alkalinization, antacid, cardiac arrest
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Contraindicated in patients losing
chloride because of vomiting or continuous GI suction and in those
receiving diuretics that produce hypochloremic alkalosis. Oral
sodium bicarbonate is contraindicated for acute ingestion of strong
mineral acids.
ADVERSE EFFECT: Tetany, edema, gastric distention, belching,
flatulence.
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: To avoid risk of alkalosis,
obtain blood pH, partial pressure of arterial oxygen, partial
pressure of arterial carbon dioxide and electrolyte levels. Tell
prescriber laboratory results.
STOCK: Injection: 4%, 5%, 1.5%, 8.4%
Tablets: 325mg, 650mg
TIZANIDINE
(ZANAFLEX)
CLASSIFICATION: Antipasmodic, sympatholytic (centrally
acting)
ACTION: Centrally acting alpha, agonist, antispasmodic effect
thought to be a result of indirect depression of poly synaptic
reflexes by blocking the excretory actions of spinal intraneurons.
INDICATIONS: Acute & intermittent management of increase
muscle tone associated w/ spasticity.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Contraindicated w/ hypersensitively to
tizanidine.
ADVERSE EFFECT: GI: dry mouth, constipation, anorexia,
malaise, nausea, vomiting.
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Adminster drug q 6-8° around VALPROIC ACID
the clock for the best effect. (DEPAKENE)
> Adjust drug doses slowly, w/c helps to decrease side effects.
> Provide sugarless lozenges / ice chips, as appropriate, if dry CLASSIFICATION: Anticonvulsants
mouth or altered taste occur. ACTION: Probably facilitates the effects of the inhibitory
STOCK: Tablets: 2mg, 4mg neurotransmitter
Capsules: 2mg, 4mg, 6mg INDICATIONS: Simple and complex absence, seizures, mixed
seizure types, complex partial seizures, mania.
> To prevent migraine headache
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Contraindicated in patients
THIETHYPERAZINE MALEATE
hypersensitive to drug in those w/ hepatic disease or significant
(TORECAN, NORZINE)
hepatic dysfunction and in patients w/ urea cycle disorder.
ADVERSE EFFECT: Insomnia, nervousness, somnolence,
abnormal thinking, amnesia, emotional upset, depression, tremor,
CLASSIFICATION: Antiemetic, Antivertigo drug
ataxia, headache, dizziness, asthenia, fever
ACTION: Mechanism of Action not fully understood, Acts
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Obtain liver function test
directly on the CTZ and the vomiting center to suppress nausea
results, platelet count, and PT and INR before starting therapy, and
and vomiting.
monitor these values periodically.
INDICATIONS: Relief of nausea and vomiting
> Patients at high risk for heaptotoxicity include those w/
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Contraindicated for IV use, and w/
congenital metabolic disorders, mental retardation, or organic brain
allergy to phenothiazines, comatose, or severely CNS depressed
dses.
states, pregnancy.
STOCK: Injection: 100mg/ml
ADVERSE EFFECT: GI: dry mouth, salivation, nausea, vomiting,
Syrup: 250mg/5ml
anorexia.
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Do not administer to pregnant
patients, serious fetal harm can occur.
> Keep the patient recumbent for 30 mins after injection to avoid
orthostatic hypotension.
STOCK: Injection: 5ml/ml

TRAMADOL HYDROCHLORIDE
(ULTRAM)

CLASSIFICATION: Analgesic, centrally acting

ACTION: Binds to opioid receptors & inhibits the re up take of
nonephineprine and serotonin, causes many effects similar to the
opioids, dizziness, somnolence, nausea.
INDICATIONS: Relief of moderate to moderately severe pain.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Contraindicated w/ allergy to
tramadol / opioidsor acute intoxication w/ alcohol, opioids or
psychoactive drugs.
ADVERSE EFFECT: GI: nausea, vomiting, dry mouth.
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Limit use in patients w/ past /
present history of addiction to or depence or opioids.
STOCK: Tablets: 50mg

VITAMIN C
(ASCORBIC ACID)

CLASSIFICATION: Vitamins and Minerals

ACTION: Stimulates collagen formation and tissue repair,
involved in oxidation – reduction reactions.
INDICATIONS: RDA, to prevent Vit. C deficiency in pts. w/ poor
nutritional habits or increased requirements.
> To acidify urine
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Contraindicated in pts. w/ an allergy to
tartrazine or sulfites.
> Contraindicated in large doses in pregnant pts.
ADVERSE EFFECT: CNS: Faintness, dizziness, GI: diarrhea,
heartburn, nausea, vomiting
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: When giving for urine
acidification, check urine pH to ensure efficiency.
> Protect solution from light, and refrigerate ampules.
STOCK: Capsules: 250mg, 500mg