You are on page 1of 315

EC - 6304 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS - I

ANNA UNIVERSITY (R-2013)


LECTURE NOTES


Prepared By
MANGAYARKKARASI M.
Assistant Professor
Department of ECE (SMIT)



EC6304 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS I L T P C
3 1 0 4

OBJECTIVES:

The student should be made to
Learn about biasing of BJTs and MOSFETs
Design and construct amplifiers
Construct amplifiers with active loads
Study high frequency response of all amplifiers

UNIT I BIASING OF DISCRETE BJT AND MOSFET 9
DC Load line, operating point, Various biasing methods for BJT-Design-Stability-Bias compensation, Thermal stability,
Design of biasing for JFET, Design of biasing for MOSFET

UNIT II BJT AMPLIFIERS 9
Small signal Analysis of Common Emitter-AC Loadline, Voltage swing limitations, Common collector and common
base amplifiers Differential amplifiers- CMRR- Darlington Amplifier- Bootstrap technique - Cascaded stages -
Cascode Amplifier,

UNIT III JFET AND MOSFET AMPLIFIERS 9
Small signal analysis of JFT amplifiers- Small signal Analysis of MOSFET and JFET, Common source amplifier, Voltage
swing limitations, Small signal analysis of MOSFET and JFET Source follower and Common Gate amplifiers, - BiCMOS
Cascode amplifier.

UNIT IV FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF BJT AND MOSFET AMPLIFIERS 9
Low frequency and Miller effect, High frequency analysis of CE and MOSFET CS amplifier, Short circuit current gain,
cut off frequency f

and f

unity gain and Determination of bandwidth of single stage and multistage amplifiers

UNIT V IC MOSFET AMPLIFIERS 9
IC Amplifiers- IC biasing Current steering circuit using MOSFET- MOSFET current sources- PMOS and NMOS current
sources. Amplifier with active loads - enhancement load, Depletion load and PMOS and NMOS current sources
load- CMOS common source and source follower- CMOS differential amplifier- CMRR.

TOTAL (L:45+T:15): 60 PERIODS

OUTCOMES:

Upon Completion of the course, the students will be able to:
Design circuits with transistor biasing.
Design simple amplifier circuits.
Analyze the small signal equivalent circuits of transistors.
Design and analyze large signal amplifiers.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Donald A. Neamen, Electronic Circuit Analysis and Design, 2
nd
Edition, McGraw Hill Publication, 2009.

REFERENCES:

1. Adel .S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith, Micro Electronic Circuits, 6th Edition, Oxford University Press, 2010.
2. David A., Bell Electronic Devices and Circuits, Oxford Higher Education Press, 5
th
Editon, 2010
3. Behzad Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 2007.
4. Paul Gray, Hurst, Lewis, Meyer Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits, 4
th
Edition, John Willey & Sons 2005
5. Millman.J. and Halkias C.C, Integrated Electronics, Mc Graw Hill, 2001.
6. D.Schilling and C.Belove, Electronic Circuits, 3
rd
Edition, Mc Graw Hill, 1989.
MAt-l C7J AYA-Rk I< AR/HJ ' M
-
UNIT - \Y
AM th lraut- fe E
F r 'f.LW'\tJj S'J T
f'J\OSr:Ei AmpUr.Yt\
aNu:l
Gt .L V\L 1'01. .'3 MfL 0\ F 'Y q \.WI CJj 'l',t,\ P""'# "\ A m Ii 1'1

If< Co Y\J,; J.< T 0 +-"."\y .... "':f "4 .. "" "" \.i L\""
o pn oJ:-)2 e;vfl. T ",,-u.cU 0 tLPf.. t.<M1 "j 'If to'" Q D It do :/.< ,,, .
jF 't1u- cu.uli " u.W "'j ''''''f t;: "r ""'-'- '" pv-""'jcloj
;
Frrr (xa..wr
h
',
"Tke Y c\" tM<-J dJ
,teAr t- VuJ?..lJ L \A.j
:JI< 0 V.-eT 11A.L-
.;\ f"(O Y; cL. 'fVt-e.-

/'i'-..

to
.&-t,

N\itl .. LQN\U}


___ _____ -----....... '
"",.ofP ht
.... ,
,- ____ ... .,""'" M1
-r.cl penH 0 '"
o .{ ).'
I ):..ow I
1rpt,u.wLlj
(N\
P 1'&'1 cl-i cez1 6..Yl P r

! :
J l<tIlA"'j:
Ot d.VI am pli,,ey.
jfc 'iVu. C}JJ'f v.;" r \ 0 H.eJ.- . \= A v If" r""!. "'I 0 1 'u> p.J-
8i a )')a,L ,
'" '1\" v.c.-v,t ;,s bj p.cc..J- -\r .q. UP-"l 'j r.tl .) "'" )2.t Ul "j'itJ
0J"Af\; '0 '
To plo b- -th ; ;S O.J-YV .. tn P tAl- V'c> to '"JVta- U
(,01').-1 lc......x f tr"'l tAr1 "i 6 b In p.J- .h i nal '" u>nl:i Vl<'Yi &t.
'#. 11'uz 0 ul:f.J:- V'O Ll:-."'f al- c J., :lrq t.l-'-I'1 C1j <1 Do r..Jc A r 1 n"l '"
V\ {) t,u), k /VtL '1 a.w 0 a.m pli. r.e
o
t& .
*' 11c< i9 tLl-put- V't> \} ""f L rff) V'tJ 1):"0 'if a1n C 1\ v ) Dr ']'\1..L om p tl.lri .'Y ;.
t 0 \te.J.- b t,Le.h t-LJ .
* or CUI\- au..ch: 0 1rUf tuU'"lUj a.wf ti 1r.vr- wmUj r
;l. 11c< 1o"-1C="'1 "'pul- ;. plDtlM. 0" x """';..1
,ILa1.t. .(. A v 0 "-'" "-""'f lqi ... Y ;.. P l 0 ti.uL """ Y""""
0tp "U Vt-Urr f coL. .
1VtL "'" awtLLr-t'l' \ar .L<j tohld-"""" ;" TW
mi <\. tr -""[. ul"j '''-''-'f ' tP t.;. L<- 11ft..e 3 ";,, Voo1 !>A ",',1h 1Ft""'"J
:;, J w 4- "-"f' 1<'-q """ '-':l '14', em ' D '1ha-
'" J ..h.rv...,,, nV\;U YC)\)
1Vv- dL C"f (.,() A v t,).) \ jh .:j 1 "-1.- "'-"'"" . --:J v>
1).t. H ni H l'I'\ 0 r c..uk [71+ h -q LLD.I'I"j "".I.. f,-.:l w i J:n.,
.2wY-
- - -
o
:h
I

. \
.:b
vJ he;r,e
-t I - l-o u).e'"6 tulb1\
j-y .q UJlAl tJj
:1 !l \4 i 4a r cub-o
lulfp.o )
So q l.L.YlUj
Bethel uJl c::Un
b.d- w t..e-h 1W-
t rq UJl-VI ,
o lU\ ,Q. T cL..b'VLeJ- tU J; 11 vr-.en L-
'1' p" y c.ub - 0 It V"'-1- u..o"1 4 ..to .,P w1- .0 Jt
i<,. [B""dwid:ih Ow) '" h - j

\,Al kLlt. -tht- fr-U1, u..u> Uj 1- h1.t Uj ; Olt\ 4-
=h )Lv:O .L<1 LV t.UUJ Uj i CJ\I\
x -Jh.4... -2 jrq a alA 0 r4..e.-.rr-.ed. L--o a.,g ha1J--
glnce. lcrr) Oul1't-ti- \f\e)tt-'f 1-0 10-1'1. ok
tv1 '" oJ VY\ tun " ; [-,< Y "f'Y aW" "'- r 0 "'>' 7 tw.eJ- I'D <u!' k
11'"- \?O \Ai -" T.d:- TV< "'-4 L yY.Ln tL +-""t tR.h 'j ;" to; ct - j-r"'lY''''j '<4 i "" .
.. b.n I' jyvrn tUn y.o.lu...< tv 1 0 i '/. Iri""'j fv 6<-
J. AAo P . / '"JVVL ' j) M-OI:- Uj ho H 1-0
1l;\ r...ehL Y. 0 a..h. avn pLi--h1.e r malj be. u,Yl,hr &M-,ed... /;0
y,cvv...e c;t.. j-lal- Sm)"() f' 1:.17 +,...
Low A Ampliri,e'r l-'o obrtUn .lcWL"f
cut DJt F'Yh:J,u..tnLld .i'-'
1.. thL 'D. cl- hl U hi t
* /VLQ eM c1.Lu- biM td8j
\I'oltCtf 1 cdn u-, J.B == 1. 0 A V
_ ... 1 eelS)
;f< 'Th.o D\ '1\V' eunplijin '"
r 0 Win F in J. == :;tD Lo9 Ii r
A ../ I -} -rvvz. eLl? t1 VI...
AV'L I 'lht cls d1 v,!
*,<J1u1 p0,<;\-1 f clR 11}u..h 4-
aU5 wuJ-i OVI .
* 1 n a.wtf ,Q 'Y / a. C,Q.'l--ail> vatu.e 0 cU.o t:tM,'j u/, 'Th
o d.B tL .
'*' Tht. ",lk.uJ 'I'd 3,w, :. 1 ("'iAi"\.. oJ-B) -'J;
Y'4uPlt.e 6cJ:n/ \'\D malt.e.y iJ tAt.J. cvl
ll- r4"",u, 2. ')h '" kCc '" to (.orop. r.e O\hm( a\, j3.u, .

;l: cuMf Li. f P 10 i b i r" tv> MCO: m CU" ';) "to (N.< r rn i,l j,---"I"""":I
'!''''1'' Ie" Y' oJn ale jy.q uM' u:,u bffi,uJ 4- .",..boy,," 'Jh 1,.l

If.. tn""" '" u.YI" j';" vJLe.L "1h.t ty) ; J.. wm":J ,w, "
Dd.B .
II A Wj 0 \ '<l tt10 10k w m : J.. jyq"""" 'j ra.>f CAl'> be
'f.e-lr t .,,-.ul- l:u od.1l 4- "4' ""'" """J .. 11 V'-<. J..B v-o.J.<.<..<
Ex a:w.pk ; .
(J
t.& 100
Ii v -= .l-::. A v L ro ) ;;
11
Ii"
::::,0 "
$ p,,, ':0 J.e J-- :l- I A v" if, J.B,J- h .?lJ 1 :z g 1JD
-If J \ w,<. . .:aM : n ...,...,....: mLLlll fl a.io C. A- 0 d.S) a..< '" 0 J.e 1J"'"
ot ,:h 4;- :b- - gh L A- D - 31-) .
i L
N\ \ a dY .L't \l..U'\ V:I

-----------
\
1
\
I( B a.nJ.wi d:lh
I
1

.r \,LUI

if. ""1\oR. Vt>Ll-tUf 1cili> oJ= :h >\-.f> i.J. /ft< Y-B 0 "".,u",-
d

# 'I>UL l." ")hI 1>--'1 uP-"U :h -+ :b. """. .,..u 0

II. '" r :h pow",," 1";" Jawp" b j g,W (p' M. " !"_ s) ).
:}( 1"h'- ""4' U+ 1 pow JY" !";:,, a1:- ,Luur h.u- 0 \ '1Vc< '" a >U: mi.U'n
Po\.VRI'f
.r '1hut -rn;,. -;. aho .-rd. b 0-

;JIt 'iVu. 0 CVV',.l 4- d.t. A
tr.v:r U-Q."I t.y .
'D...e tflLllL1 :
;::::::--- ---
A l--,DI L..-t U, \LlA" Uj #t& c:lJz. Uul.P- .


"* Av> t..uru.u>tj j,um 100 H2 (-o U
Clc1-QA/ .
'* A u, t-<>tl-'V'':i from \0
0
)." ]>V H:> ' ... ahe
(Ut\ 0 .
",A I- 10 wt f t"1 UP> <.4.0 -- .h ex .C<N< '" 7W ff,w,
I : L' 0' 1-0""' "cn c.cJ-.d bTrn 0'- cLB 1 (err)
CU'\ D"-" c;u.. D
cl8 , 0 tto.-v,eA .
1"-' OM '11M- -" :toM 1- --""'c\"
Lb'" :"JL ca1:-...t b':l M-IA-< ""I L, P" " D,w I d.ecruh '
", A ,..tR 0\ -.'l.<> J.s I b uJ.-L '.. _""y.Ai -10
c<- " - 40 as I kcab;' "i' r"'" "":'m.,1-4 -"'t. f<> -1'.l8 [ oJ,

I
- - - -
I
-.3
-.40 - - - - -
,
- "1
-2.0 cls I
(c')
b c;l.B I od-QII'.t
\
IR.
"
'* J1vz- tlbru-,d 0 CUI1 euvtf [;rR Y
o..J bahot c::> }- u.en c...L.a
tOT' 4: D - \}.2
* Tn -thL m\ J. bcthd. 1M
1t
cUn
Dr 1M ITl.e.x ';A
h'"J O1WYnu.m_
a
"* 1l--\ J . i:-.eJ- M Vn J-baJul (}4<.0

A '() lA. ,e )' nor- m 4 ep.. 'r M "LIJ
"Jhe. hi! tlba.n.d """ l,
Wrun w.e ro I'\IW w W
-:laln t-d
mid.b and -
A :;
'1tt.e h"ll , .:h I t () ..f :.t 11-2. :.:: 0
,
, . .
;j
gbw d..ba.nd :t-/t.2::!. 0
B.tlow M; db and f1 __ A_m_i_d __
J 1+ (11
AbCJ'{- } It '"
I _ D .
4-' E t.ed- Ot C-af4U'Wr"s
\ () E!1.eck- Lvu..pUWj Co-pa
I
Xc.-=- -
.2'i/ :1-c, I\tu. r.i!.-Ot cl-an C12 0 , a.. Coft:l fvr
A \;- \,v:.-<f r y -q LQJ? u.n ;
I )
_II ('0 ''''''' _I- a.U
.tOlJw t \IYla.JW Xc. VJ .--5 I Q I VlAU.
I.'
, 1--. \.? e j, ttY.-e CM A km t- (., i Y uUl-A
loUfIA-\119
* Xl. tncr..e..a.-W/ wt.uci-t c::bt.opA
1W- Caf Q d /-uY 4- 'JVt.Q.. c. j cuLl- j a1.n
11:- At> /S nal tq UQYl ciU kcx / 'TVU- c.fa. CJ.-Iut y?\ J-anw
tn Cr k cl "( cull: tUn cevJ..1 W1..1) 1M t-o .taLL I y,uLttclntj 'JVU
6tLL-VJ:-- tl- .
:< . S H R.. c1- () b f'tW< Ca-pOl :.;...
II- '/\ \- ,lo tlJl> -f .ul'.< .... ":) 'IW- b j J'4" Ul.f"" ,,;Jor CE ' ,,& VUJr ";<1,,,,10.
* go 1"VV- f::: m\ \.L2 Y \IW b at- Co 1 'TOt,Ln d. .
'* 'j..'"" \' t\ .-,.u..1 LV i 11'> f C 1= ET ) C """ /no c.e .
;IC -rVc< ,< \, ",J II'<> lk'1" d7w r' '" t YO M Th ; -; to /..0 -r.e&iucinj
g -
ciruUi- 3
ttW
.
:;
* At hLt- joqwn Uj
..{. tLo V\.O t- t:l. H.I d-
k C e M t5 c1ruUl:-
trht- V-LfJUj I in r,errnal.
J un til 0Vl L:-tf t{ t-Z hxn u.
\-< tI-O w n o-.c
cL,t-tUt a
tlW
'
t.:.bl. -
J UI1th rJr1
GCLjM ci /'or
C. b..e - bAM - eJ'I'l; tU y

CAf4cLftrl'
i'O,q l).QYl t:!:J }"',eJ. P D v>/t .
La-f't:l ci Le , GtJ W) yYI 0 h
cLo C/J pLay j
Cqel blcJ-.t.
J UK1 ch' C1YI c. "f4 u. Itt
ctj.s - Cti,J-.Jl - .-< Otl4U-
JW1cH"",
t\'c- A r 1 tr-.ur u..e.n 0j J TVu 'Y'A cl-01-h (.Q f) b 1W- J un tl-l on eapa tl }tv> LL
().O!. .loW .
'" A j. :\T.q I,Lf1 "j in c , "" yz" d-anCl>'> 0 J w"!' "'" cap" cl Jail.
I/. \;;1 h.w tt-Jl> r,u> cl:-4J'l L< (LIm.< Yf),Ji 4W "f , 'T\.U ..." IA b k.w>Ii ":'I
c.k (Ai, 1\I.Uj M' Co Fa""Lltl w; 'J :r tlJ' J1' mM '
'" "1h I p y.eAu-
tLl
"JW' ,i. r cUJ: 3 ,.in -t t.n t.< 1>'" 0 u1p...K h tkf '
4-- Mi
" 10 tI P LL I:- C- "f '" tL /.-an u. b.el: ;,., pJ: ( 1.3 Cor) c,,) 4- .
outrut L t 1 .
'* c a.v1 be acki..w-.at uAilAj lA i 1I . .e y,ewJ .
o
II"
c.

1f: Av 7r Lf'r J a.b;i 0 Lul'.t:
aX
6 Low

0 -
ge Uuflut t
cr; hM 2> j2c
*
- N.d:-wcrrkr-- o./t.et!- a-p
3tUn u..
heLw
,. R CClO'f jvr yyuu;;l
b 1ltI4 U> put- to up Ulf J)uy
CI 4 'lnptJ- m ob
1l't-L tA r

R C N A- tV or \i -fm- mad b!:1 jt-t.Q 0 ul-p tJ:- r..n upIJ IA-j Lafa i /-c5v (.
2
,}l!<L
).Do 4 cJ:- /hlI. ttJlI.-t:J<f5Y 1- jpt>tJ.. .
R ( toj 7f!U. hni ltu' eapacd
rJY
CE 4- 'fVJ.
"f,(A,hranLL .iookl\A.j W cJ--
@
* 'A t- }h i,6 tV'd .. dl BVI R i Y"> = X t. I /. 'TtA-o- 0 all ':J.un -r,u1.u..CIld....
y-.e.JM.. J:1 0Vl:n 0 V,eJDa.LL j a.fn 1; ) y,el b
Av ( ) Loj ( 0-707) - gJ.B
'" 1ho :tr"-1 u.<n ":I :F 111 i h Cb nJJ Ii ,""',, c-,J.J.u.t 4 oJ,", L ri h c J
tr.l4 {,UU"> " . .
1. keff-,t:
J,- Rin C,
:It.. ::.
''if L hi.e ) C ,
if( 1 b Y',u; if tent<. u., I"J:- h""'-"" ;:.. t-a.l-<e u, fv c w tuJ:-
1\Nz- a..heJ'l'R. .bJ vah1 ern be (()
:1c.
::
?'ii
fkMt

.
wpul-
(heW!-
Ir
,e. r-eMd aA
I..() O-VI
p-c
fA
8=

( ! ( 0' )
fir!
1<' C

c.,..
'\VlL t ti ecJ-

3-m-
J2(
'" err 11
.
tA
fc
1
=-
2'iT ( get RL ) (z

phMt

UJ '"J1u
oulpui-
Rc
eLy-cuLl:-



eM

sc. :::
I

J-1T g

") 0 t-"e '.
I< "1\oR- \-l#uJOT k w\M<: '" hM \,v:r en \1 c'" frhL"-"" "j jho-h o'll<W-
:l cal.UJ ncu-J-
It. J.orn\ n"."r- "" "'" k d.ahnn ; h..eA ')fLL \.L<h "1 w J..i cJ. 'JJL<
Ov,oi all 'il ,;In t>mf>': \i elY '4
'
h Iv d=> r "J- -z 0 c4> I hc..A< .
b'
}..vw

ob J=ET
A
,
'f.-.
>I" '1/'" \)

HLol.
:( Rc.
N
rnd-
o..H.et1- il-.J
".
ah
f-q tLt2Y> Uj
..
8CUJ>
[.J
c.,
y,e.J.u-uA.


ltL.
1\u>,(
0, '"f..e
I P c- )J d-w m k -F".,.J. 10 'flU Wp.l-
; 1 : c. ;; AMp'" r'" C OtL!, U 4 tAf" u 1m L I 4- 'II<-< U, put
rt> p,eJ.An CJl. .
.Q 0 N by jW2 0 UJ Imj c..aptUIfu-r 4-
DU!:-P ttl-- tm p,e..vlcw tL IJ\ \ Wj cJ- 1VU- .
! npul- g c. .thuD! J.< :
c.,
*" V\ ('Jot-.( ) tp.vl dA.a:rm i at
L3ttX.t) = I ') ,
l' CJt
j 1;\ - C7ta!-..e
* p'r-Me..h W-H-
f9:! ( )
121i"
o ukput- R C
-" V',y ,ry
"* II t !.-ow j-yq It.Ql "j w.< \twv.e aM 1W> y.t.!F ",oM
fYW1 fi; fi lvr bo L 1\n.< ;" r"J; \I'<> l\;"'f 1- {.tLI'Y".aJ-. $ 0 tJ./ R.
1\R.f'-,.l &- ob p a.",u..d CAf" til-"" to. .
j< A l- tow tq u.e.l't.tj I,! Hw w; "-j h - f'"
b..J:- t.u:f Th>- 10 - imoM ... ...."l- tlutbtIJ...
for t\II.e. llc)tv i y,uJ EM"&
I . <Jhl " h _ .,-a",JU' ",-r'< hD l- l.",J- ,,1-
d
2 1\ l- trbf v' ":I h - r'" .,.,...".eb.,....1 be"""'" CD po pw.. '"
.
*" 1)\M.- ro 1\u- a.b &flI-
1\ l. ')".i- tAMA
.
!l )",,e "",,I moJ-L 'T \'Y> oM 4 b, bOd.
+n- hir- M"""":I 'b
1.. \-I Uri d. _ If t.o ,,11m)'" t= mdi;. r T'l1V'l'< j,s l.... 1'1\ D JJl
"fA
1'0
,J!,
bf)cl -IT h'>oJ.eL a..
Co 1Yu- C E Lo Y>}i ux ali cn1 0
>I' A \l '11uc P '" r " C 'r.t.!;'; hv'l U 4- C'AptH.': f-w, to) U, 1h.o "'a J.t.l
0.. 'r,( aM u.wt..eA.. L--o be. 0 b .
1'>..1:- 1"-9 rntuj va'"j "i' 1 -- '1. uJ,U LU>./;- ere-' oli poi.J:.
E -nu. Hybnd. -'\i MoM
Con 4: C,l-i
if Ih ,h
c.ll.-t
- .m1 'Y jeWell evt
W
\?n d. .- 1;" moM.
'Th tAh

d1.H flU I t)Vl ti 1:a.nLe. c.,7r UJ'Il YU cbd. b.ehAJ.eGWl b' -+ R.


'Th.-e.

m'i V>m? hi
CA-m..Q'Y ,A l-tJi:"ar :.n <JVtt ba.
"('v.! J- r!.f--
10 j eM P N j unu"; c:J\Il ,.eP/-h i b b.r a.

J h J-

)t.u.

;Vthi 6
P4cLt,
c..oll.cl"OY
bcMl j uncl"; elI1 1- 7f'U
for II
b LA lh 'JVuz
hybncL -If MoM.
.b
'fb b
l
1')),
C
=
-
-
'Y1f
jl.
Sew.
btt.UirMipt-aYlu b11-n' nal .(-
hocLt. l-d
0.-{ Yb "Th I' y.,ej i;; t"tthLQ U
eM bed. A P Y-.e&;LeLLr>4
ranLQ
. =
'N: '-th.e- ,LA;/> \:-anc..e.
w L mtUj
b--!.
y IT
P or ti tM 0 ']he. oM!.QYr1i fte'l
'Th 0
c9 41 ha VLj in "wnA wr 1h rvu
to [ /'( J-ur ; un tJ-; 0Vl
'in Ih
.J hlob fA,.g a.
vh+ t-cal b ale h' F JVuL j untl'lllV1
c1. tan te.
to
be.
UDh YlQ d -,d..
Co tn l:.uul 0 L..
=
,R.. fJ,eJ- /
V'tllrtfn:J a J1U. \
P'Y"Hu j Uhc11 oYl '-eA uU.:-.A en ba.-fe tv d:J-> mod.u.W1CJI.').
* A c-

.-l-lf,a!i ve
foa-K wi &.1vJ ca.J.1.W The hYJ '\ tter
e,uvr.e.vJ:-
l.-o
.
*" Th;r<
t,e.u.LbCol cl1 . .e..lf-t rl-

t.o
?t UP u..n1:-
6
L.o 'Il rte- tE
Y' ,<.(
D ul:puJ:- f tn p uX d, t-et.k.aM
b' of C.
*' 1Iu..t
ro ThL ,A malL
c-
\1'0 V 1f a ( m-M

..em r 'f j ()..() J.:i BIll / '}YLQIr.e
.en tMf - VY> f V> hj
m.$Y' te"VI
cJi eM
tn j.e.J in t-v
bcMl c.vhi ch'lA tz, 1tu Vv
@
.4 mall fi j '3 I'i ttl c.o 11..<: tl11Y tu' j 1Y> to j) J'UY'
..4'Y)i '(' LA at< 0 p (7( l.-1 O'Y\ al to V<fi .
. dt.e J- ?l. LLO u.nt-& r '1M. w..w..w.1- fJrt> V'Ji .
h') l-t:'LY0
A!l
- ---
Yo G
0
*
*

"
jV\.
Du1-pvtl-
r r,.d-an c.e -
"00 /J
j:1-',6 oJAo 'JVt..Q-
Y'ult- 0 b


.-/t c!-.
HybncL
1f -
p r '0

O'jj(or)
.R.
f.LI (0)'")
.j(,tA I); b..el-w,een b' 4- .R.
c,ol>'>tluttance bd-uJQ.h 6'.{- .
f-N
j un U1 em b .ek c.U..n bt'VK f to 11,e Joy
tovIM-ct-CLhCfL () bf
p- t.f j (.,L..h Ui CM b -eX W..eJ2..Vl baM' <f. (.D III Jo t
IOD..,A..
l'h...A..
1 In mho
-6
0-25)(1.0 mho
C 1f oj unci, r:tYl ea.paelbanu b.eh.AJQJ1 b-f-.i I DO pP
C A j UJ')cH trY! ULptt ciJanc.a.. L"Qb,v.en h +- c 3 p r::
2 If Ij b-yf d -- Ti Co h d.u.cK aJ) U
I W t- UU'\ ob I:-oin ail 'JVu!-
021/'Yl '1lu-
hWckL -h'o m T\tlQ.. h - F q
1Vt.Q CE Um.:p 3 tt.rr:J-i
@
-- Vee.
-t-
LO I')/.> 1 cLx- 'fl'\..C 1-1 P
b- Ct.I i h \-rrr rn C E
UJY'}-\lJLLoa-tl OV\ cPlth Vt.. c
biM In JVvl w\\...etl-of
.
eor>du-clcanCJL vw11oi"'-j bul: 1W' ... ttl, o 4
1-011, tb- ek"'.oJ: c:Lw- I1l en t"-" Vbli-'1
Vdf; a t- yoM ...emi Ii.m j un J:1 0Vl
'-R..
;:;:
1-
-
ye
'jm
-
:::

,.un; dJ,oJ...e
'ft-\; A \:- an u
..
1ft
d fc.
J VC-E
-CD
;:.

--
ofe

.;..---


I
- @
01.
,.., 01.,
-
-
, - d vt:

.
4 ;
cLjY)tunJ t
LA
Ct-


- @ V>r .- voLbty ob
1'.lMr.e-raL-u n
k _ Sol!: 1, 38 x,;;-$ j no{
t1 - E.!a. cL'1'D n I c - I - b x W 11 C


c\
-
::
eX 1(;;
Y.e.
:= lUJ - le.
VT
:::.
lLo
;If; "f"
:::z==:=:::.
VT
VT
'-> Ph f rz,.s. :Ie.

1. c h Vi. f htJ-
t-o
[ 'il m ::: !,c k'Ly l
*" J1u l'\') l> j) tlL Y'' J:- hj
A: 1n VR '0 Pj P"(l) P CJ( 11 e-Y\ cJ in
J'cx t . bx
w1q
\(b
OO
lc
-
T
f 1'0 par H ""ttl l-v L-o \ I '" J'llI uu ."l (ft)
t.e-m p.e '6 cJ: tl/r,e (T).
Lon), J darr The. \ - \)'1'#0. m.a.t.ey n L_ ............ l.;
Vl r mOa:..a JVJ C E UXaL1
k t L to lVt.e oul1w-- cl '' cWl w.e crt.,'
Jc:: hJ-.e1'b+ hORVCfl.
- Vc L 0 ; l oul-p tt1- .gf,wr l- t.i"t"cW1-./ nvt C;xuiJ: ewr,o)-
tUn h}J1 "t)
ht =
lc.
-
XI?
:jf. }J OUJ
dvt
bY-;d - IT
hf k T = 4- M.A. ';0 > ''Tl
1 c- - B)"f) V1f
1m !b )"1J
h}.e
'rJ. . T
jc.
--
V,
(ar)
moM
=>
-
..J'o-t -
for
cr;
-
-

:::
l1 c \
v.,- htL
0V1
:l rn T"1T\
1b'.e
5m
-
jl'Y'l ht.e
_>
Ji r c.hi-':] P Tb pOT l1 crnd Iv bv- "..-J-rH<
c.o II R. t1-m (.LL.W' nJ:- c ![ ) .
L.J;- uA Umt<;Je;r h - moM r c E
cl.rcilll l l'J I V,. Vtth M
Vi :::. h Y.( v,, 0

*
*
'Nr1h



to r> r.. cLen
nu
hy b-rid -II moM
1m-
"l'tl
'ip.


! b 0 /
VeIL CflJ'l-
\
t1/JI
) VTn
Vee -
11 ( Otl t'f1T)
.1'1 :::.
VCIl
( rtf -+- rM)

b .eb.v .e.h
13' .(;-
(7 ,/
V'IT Utl
Vrr
1,
O'lf
Vff :::. Y1T
Veil
YtrtYA
WI ']V?
Jh :::> 0
vf Vff
:::.
o'lf VeIL
'rM -t r'lf
hw,A';l-uh


41-1
tn
m
;::;}
b ,R VCIL
-:=:
YfT Vee.
r'Tf + Y,.LI
h . ::
Y1f
-
iAro'\f
0'11
hll-t: oM t hT'(
Y 1) - i"fr ::: h'lt Y A
bf\ (1. - h'"(.-f) ::.. hTk' yp.
'Y"'Tl
"C.L\::: :....----- g1f
(
,-- hr..e ) rv::
h'f.
"fA:
hy,e
@
CE
CJ:'M -rj ern .

c
Vet
'(0 I
t=

aJ
Q
.r
4 )Y\
baM. Yb
... ron;! i dM
1W> h- ftl

r '" oM :/.n c toh ji sUJrt-i "" .


fnpJ:- r.tA;,,{t-ahCQ
wi'Th Dul-pui-

* W i 1h hYbrid - 'j)
moM
(;
rbt-'Ofj.
:: bi.e.- Y1f
11: Auh.J V'af.w., (9
"b'ff
'rb ::= hi.e -
h},t V'T
* UJI VVj h
ho :::


*
m1d
IJ moM 1m- CE
A H tL
to 1V1.a..-
OtJpJ:-
ti1"wil-
Aub)l1h.h 1Vu
ob 11
1c
-

rn V'ij +
V'tJl.
+ -
'Yo
11T
*"
A u.l, h \lA.h.
j1A.L

V1I""
Va ..
T
-(
-
-
-

-
+
To
'Y,LI +rff
I
( hJ;? 1'1)
- - +
')"1)
Y'A../-t-r1T
1-
+-
h.Yt'

YD
ho n -
t
- -
+
TO
I
-
J;,
T raJ1A 1 H fM CApa ti /-ctn
c: c,q)
--Y/
It'.x M.:t CB
cap tt cl h:(.h w 1 Th en r ui- 0 pVl
C 7 f :: D) 4 LJ tM
p-e ti
(:ob.
'*
'tJ r-nPm-t,'fual
etr
t4
f. rol-u. r.e '
I
+
-
'r.LI +T1T
. .
h:f-.e :: 'jm r'lj"
D j Jt u.d e1'\ 4
C C'fT)

1Vt.e Jtvy d;,}frM i 011 &pacilant.o.
C..v.e 4 7Tu J ttncL-i e1A
CAf"'cLt-CW& ere'
F or a.. F DlWa.nA. hl aJd em;ttw
\
Jltht..L-lBY1 , CD.e id tntlc:1.
tAfr'f'Y' 1hlJ'\ C 7.e -4 Jun l.R.
c: 1i' = C'J),e + L'[ Oe
GLUr,iJJ:- 4-


c? WI; "c.o.:Y) U L M')'g-t
h1 b J.1' (7Y\:n 1M. 6a1e 8v1
'1'1 , a '.1 1 _I
..J- r- 9 I Y''''( \fV1-JL t.() J Jl. U'-: d. Y\.O l-l.
UJ"rl c.e.ukr eJ 1 C)'V\ V !. t-aJ0 U2. U, '1Vt.P
ba OIA e dt. P VI P hrY .
x
i'< 1""- \0 tv\< tv I ,w, W - ,,\ rnt>1L Lo m FA .. .ul "'; n. Th<- Jl It IN< ; ""'"
I- (3 t> CCAn1
1h u>t\..{ck) t,U1ct1 on 6
1A
1l/U- fnjgtt-fid.
to h tvJ:-,at1 8YI r ) oJ:- 'TlA-A- t.O" .t. J un th em tA r-tR. "rO
lb W Lg I P 1 J-rom
p' ( 0) a1- UP-r \r1J IJ-QJl.D aX- -nu- c..o I \-f u-or.
:X: IS h)'o.w. 104M. c. -r-ey & B eM
Q. 8 ;: fl (0) A W q.
:1
-0
/2-- ,,' (0) .- eu
A - b a,(.t C roM -- h eli Vl'\al
w", - V'ol.u.mL 0 t bM-t
'1. -
Jk cL: J1-w.; tr\II c.u.wm-
1 :=. - A '1.. J(
, d..?t-
)
A 'L 1> BP (0)
-@
j(. Co\-() bini Kj !2
-
r'Co) A W t
;5lJ, 21 VI :n D\
() 1w'l.
--
J Ds
C tA.eJ- a.!
.R-W\; \tM V'l) V
.
d.6Ls
Wi.
&
C- D-t :;;
--
:::
-
eLY
@

Jy
Jt
w2...-
1:
----
-=
--
-
d

Y-e
..
6
Q ' jN _ V,.-
y.... --
- ;;Ii' 5G
4'
. ,
J'""
/'f"'I _- W
Lv.
t2.DB V'T
l"h..t C1l l! J.et-..t 'rt"('\ i vuJ
j- ')" -9, LA) at:- to hl c Itt IVtt
ty ,
:tvz, m a. or -+ r )VI...-t
C f has r l' tul c,u,w w (} etln ch.o P$
-*'

I V',l1
tV>
C'TI f;!
CE
Sh.oTt-
tfrc.ul}
t.o '&.M a.

10M
'Y M r }, \--of
'f'lo

E
r;t\ : - Tl c1rwil- F 0. h-
\)J' 1h VoL L
'O'\T I C--q 4 C p. Of p..<A)" po. ralW. '
*- W 6 t)). Df f..et:4 ,tS ba..iC t .emt lLvr J t.l-- k\'1..O to h CI.J
,\J.Q tl t-OJI te L c. t-.l) .
* 1\-' (S Ovdm") (Q "LA 3ivPl a6
V-L :;. D
,: a LtJ\:; eM
o.M }-'7 Xl\' , I.t\
SiMpU.\1,<.cL blj\-yn J
-
Ti
moM Joy
e..' "( C E ty-aW ;.A hN '
par,.u.l b I nal! CM 4 'I'lf '" t c, + ( ,,) VU> ""

j IP [ C'II .,. (p. )
__ - ------- : Z ::
,h1rorlit.ld.. -15 mOcW-
"('0


t
r ; s; \.)"Y)d 'n moJd
y." - T\. '1.
CtUY'.e.tJ:
'].. :: V1f
-
-
1b
,
CJClU">
-r


'LD
Ai
Ai
::: 11..-
- 'Jtn V'fT
-
-=
f\:.
1\:.
- -
.,.--:..:.:- - ---
-rtJ
I d w "('\\ ( (fit (M)
J
l t Jw Yfi (
I -1- J tAl "(11" l (11 tell )
:- "- :;.
-(J)
- CD
* F YO'rf' 4\'\ @ 'rof>L .;5 a:I n.ot:- t.t:nM \<-atJ.-.
J t'V\ .1Y-ur wn UJ. :
*' \;J h.e.n t.ur. \,.l.C2h "lJ is mtJL J 'The r,n,yV) t i.& V.RJ'{' Y t5 mall. t.OYYtf4:r.ed
\-0 l- . 4- ).,ow lUh Uj t\;
A :: - h}.t:
hV
_ _ __ _
--
JY4
A i y.e..du-eeJ. .
* Att.1
:f
4,\'1

Ai ::
- hle
1+ j .-

\ =
hh
J 1-+ (i-r
tp
cJ-
} tp
\ =
-G-
f l C1-.- 0 J}- j-r,q tW1 Uj ) ; :l;'
:L - - - 1--
- @
1 tr A U12J'\ Uj al- fA} kL 11M- }w ,J 61: cJ. V'wil:
C E Wk'/",vJ:-- ljttW cbt.opt3 8 JJ3 (I:JJ') ..L b }rt>yn /1.t
fl
\,Wl cL;i
h,t.e
i,'
, -
'*" I j-y..vr, u.en cAj ttl- LV kL c k jt.u b-ct.M L .. dm \ A k l-
c.irwtl c. B 3cL8 tor) btvt.e-1 -pm
valw.. at- .lo w U-2h Uj .
* 'tw. CM lor to<. 6e kmv.ec1.. mda:r
eM +rr J-
p
.
a).;- t:: j K-
Il)i 1 ::

J2
:fT (Uni t-y Gtaln): , X.
-@

J+
hJ.e
--
--(j})
.1rr'YrrUJ.
l\--'tS 1Vu :frqu..eh1 at- wh,'c'" LlruU.\- (E tu.rrh1-
JtUn be-(..0 ty\.eJ LJ hi hj .

I
. I - hf.e
Al - - ---
j1--,-+ y_
1. - -, ----
J 1+
,.:1lu ytJ.; 0

ff J f iJ
'* \-\ e.YI Jl

t>
.A
i
=:
ht
1:r.

-
hi.! :tp => :r-r tp -
fT
* g L-i val.A.w or
} T :: h.r.e }< _j_w>---
nt-e. .Hi L ell + (.LI )
rT = _ 'jm - @
If (
;\ c"
:!T -::: __
-
* $, CU\ Lmro-rh::uJ- oJ
1'( -Ut \.UJ') Uj c ro.J:-.o1 fi l; 0 a i A hrr
* Tk fmctucl- Ab\.-- _ uY"wa- jcU.o The bahcLwtd1h
u rep T . 1lNL- 5 dID 13 anc:i CAJ i cL1h r '}'Zl ciu cl- D t A \Ia-l'U It< hrr
-- li moM
) fi fer,- UJ 11"h 'r ..t.(;fi h Y.e. 1oc;J
I/.- Cm>A i <Wr" tI i "'F ;I t-"'t" C E {yaw i lot- 0Imf Ii -biJ''Y WI 'Th 1<-/
g.l-! f,h \..-an CQ L
g\..LL Y'o pI) w.e If)
p\A}- Y',Li 4 eM. rv
C.L\ ('JS-)
K-\ Vc..t
__ -J ____ __ _L ______ ____
@
""': " _
A 0 8cUn 11 ':A
1-<
V1T
Ve V<f)
Ii ': - I..
g L. :: 2 k / t'() SO m A-l \I
rM = .4MA
4tY.A.
\- k
-
I-{-Ioo)
,
- .
.
. .
l-k
Ao k -\00
II Y'TT
C 1\ \\ Co ''; Th-e- \-0 \--0.1 .q W, &.r b- ci )-em CJl
; I'() p \i k toJ1 en 0 Ovl-pul.,.- u: r cuLt -
Th
U
cp l \ + ":I'm ccJ.U-J
tJ- \ \\.vr Lapa J: ta-n tel (LM) '
OtLl1uJ:r ci.wil Valt-u- l) b C,.u can eolcula.hJ cU
,
' .' 1< ::.-J DO
C 11 -l- CAL I -t h') l-) >-( fi .
* go}hQ. D tJr J;- l-i WUl tenM 'tJ. \ bU .
Y'M / J5-).':::! T,M
l K-1

-.I!.. ""T1A 1\ I . . _, 0 \ .' 'en t n ,< ; em. vo'l1h ? L
71' JY"'- Vtt..\....U-R. 'DA v!
w \J t f" YaIJ..tl '" \ 111 "OM' y" un b< c 3 """,.d ,
s'
It
J
,).4
t.&
Drr )(
-
7-
=

off +
#
Jwl.hr.
:}t gD )\ita.
cUJ
r tA
"flo



- L
_ ::II-
-


- hJ-A:
"
1+ JW Ylf Cq I + }nr L.q.
. . -=- r'lf

- h.t,e
11 I ::

:ht
::
[ '+ (
f)t } t
AI hk-

;,,1 '<J a..W b .3 J.B Lcrr) 1;. l:i m.a.b
).pw -r4
- .-- - -
\ \
RL Lbf..
In 01" d 1LCX',uU ; V\-j tl+
h in
b.Ou.:rtR.
'f'p
T
Ars
1L 1L
'Jt:,
;:

--
-
-- .



:1];'
to I"u,rf
j.b

--

-
...--

+"Z.
'tIT
. ' -:z- ;:. --
. I -+ j w t'ff
'* at lo UJ V.b[ uP'l can 1\IUL Caf ti }ott tJ/ go 'Z-:: Y1T
Avs
*

---
.: h; rb-t)',4
l1is U.bW)'= - hr.e g
gi+h;,t
* Th; in 4.e.nM- (9
i'\, I
i Y

Vu.
\

VD
1L.

-

z - l2-l

-. .:
:E.s
\2.5

12- s "" Ib "'" z
gj
:= - c;Jm Z gL
t Yb + Z

V4
uMlUJ
11 V J L.1J>v.
1'1- RL
_ t,t.e

- '
-
-


- "A -
Rs+ hi..

(..leo ::
- ht.e gL
h;..t
*"lh
l
.6


WI Th
@
Av.J
W h.e.Tf.
+ Ii :=
t
2 IT L.ett
Nbre
:=
'rTTII lYbtJ2!)
L1f+ C,t{ [ I + :I'm PL]
*::tH d 1Vu lorut 'O..ult\\-anLQ "'u
C ott! a . .u. tA..Qa'O r cl i CYltt 0 b L
:6:- Ii l:- r l- D 1t,u> g cl8 *'9 L<M1 tAj "lJ f n;J:-A'
:; fp
f2.



-
tJb1.e J?
C}a
Grtaif> Bant!wi&.1h P Tl) d,u. tt-
,
, i-.. I
I '
Gnaln Ib anMu; cKJh
1-m-
V'olCar

b o-t"uLw I cffl, Ftiu-d- 1m- V'rJ (Jain
.


IA
x .---

- hj-,e /2 L
- ht,e L
I tlt \ - R L
21i r 'fIT l 'rb+ J

211' l


x
....,


Db

R.L.
(L .n- rb
r A x :h-t} ::
" cA.&[ ::' C'l1 + eM L 1+'3to12.L)
gL
' : ::: t;
x
2. 'T1 C'IT :f.r
.31f ['If r It .2 ff.h LA)
x
}-T
x
- - - -
tUn B ttnlw I Th T wb d- tr LwYrvJ-
:I- ----rtvL 6anb; .J:1h P mc:Lu c1- 1m- cuw.eJ:- oa1n ki
;x----_
I- RtftAu -h.t..e -ht.4' ILL W.!-

k
I.
\ PI i ! 0 X :ht \ :: _9 __ _
4ifl C. rb )
I Ai.w X fit I -
T
(.fA R L
o
9>0
looo
J<

-4 lui '}li)
\2S::D to'YYpB'YJdA /-0 ,!SOU-ytD &UV'R.
1 cLW Ya..kf to ro D at- L. <:! tv 0 ,,4 cJ.--
Av t
D
-F
all
?!
:;. 110

cthJ]
..

r- r-- 12.c .
Lb
1Y\.Q

. b C:LhcLw,d1h

Wt1h
(\cn cr,e.aAi g t, f
d.ux I!.C:M; iNj
VtlrTh in t'O.ea); ..
7J-u. j ctlo P'Y\)JuJ- "M IW
Bh Db
r n t.t. 'fY\ a1 car a ti. tan lQ! l) b N1 D.c e-T Md. l .. }i f y,ut.t .. t.U') ty l'I\ od.d
# 11u- Jy-"ju.D.l'>L1j y;a po"'" <) I-itDS E T <>-M ecbr J.v.< !-o
Ln bt mal Utf 0. J- htJ'l W .
arr.f J2
1
j un Ji d \-o.nw

nu. Ylt Aottrt.9-
"r.L4 ; or +- f\..O. pL u.b.J)-rtJ:e .f
1vu I 4- 1VUZ- p,,
,g u..b!) }-rt.i-
-* 1t' oM pOll Y'u' JA.ltuJ.l
c.tt.p a u \--co? ttl. f ' cht ai.n J,; J7 uh j 01"
c..af D- cJ.' Ul
0."('1.- B CJ:fa.t.i}an l..e.A: I C. jJ. 4 L'j b
05 tat.-

t 1: t1 hi' 0 J..e.. YLCj; t91A :
1ru c \v.<.II ,...t oh tt.nL F'" d..f 1h .(. t.> <L "" j! kON"
Cr :: -= WI... Lo"l'-
In OA

1\u VtM ,-\ ky' 4- iA r; ",/...I- D It
oX t r;{ ) \}..Let y .\1tu. chi ttLn .
:::
-T W L Co')'L
:3
c.1 c 0
3 ' J Y> Uk r DB- I elA
d".M elLS Of P y,A
:: Cjcl =- 0 tJ
tJ::;e _ w>o cJ..el ul t4tl t.- IA
C-j\:> :;;:. WL
@
;41 1VU LDv "IP Hvu>wY'l
-l..m- r-,.en M
'J1Iu ca.r c.i. h
,
CAfAJ.I--a.mQ
* 'DW-
\-0

bDIA"(U
4-
btaW ol1J}-wl

lU'\J.vr '-rw-

vVl

o.-d.d.
tow) L UJv )
t-u
wr
4

..


1hR-
to
v:.eY' b Ij
* _ t)'J'.tTt-Af 00> l- 0,1t-
2 j lLha-i fM LAf4 ci hwu
Csbo

j1.+
Vo
C 51 0 - iJ, 1\Nl- V'alLU Csb al- body -AOluta bia.,L
_ Jr.. or -
Vo _ u.nc.l, CJ)I\ ht.-UU:- -u, 0, b V }u D-g V
3' -
C. .Lbo
S 1- + '!:DS
Yo
M.od.&
_____ '-__________ __
C1'
*" "1M- co.pttci )t'lYl c..a c.Jk CfMI\
h,e. tv l' v:-h 'flu

lo
,0
f : H I :hr.l4, t,W1 modtl 10 J.d.um',
_ c1TcWt Otlln
.:JI:: 1ht ::fT LA
fthf LLQ)? Uj al co ki c L
rvu- p lMrrt:- - cL y cuil--
1dJ" D t 1fu CS
r: E r am p
U
h1 Q r
htWWLd Un\ ,
H.t.r.<, TI'" t", r.J- 1J wi Jh '" - Sour", r<; 1
n
,,! '1:
OJ') J)1it.Q D u1p J- r.Q. 1 m; naJ.) C\ r -t. .-1 \turf l,eJ ,
Jf- ;.hotr u.rcuil:- wwnt!- 10 btJ
-- (j)
1D Vcr -
Vf
..


to 1i

,
bj
UV\

Vcr
-
I ;
-6)
g C crt (jJ)
hAl-.'!



Ji t 1 t) -fi'oYf)

4
10
--
...- ---
-@

S :; j LV ) rl Cak) 1W tl i 1-u..tk t) 'ttu

lie h' <l pYl> f Df \-1 ovuJ \-0 r(I 4- it, V.I' r P"" pDf 11"",J In
1tu- 'm l ylal CAf a taj) riJ> '
@
6' 'f- ptwl.
M

YP'D
i f-<'f \J.R.4'I tAj f.P\ ff)Y# 6 \
T
I \-t; t F \,LQl') t-lj R.u POYlA-L

:--.1 --;> ll-
Yo
s
* It' .taili al-
10 w h-4 \,U.\ l.Aj du-e ro
..eff.ul- or L.el / Ls
and.
;j{- f ctin t al.lJ J.-
hlf h-.q u..en d-L
1lV- ..eH.(d: 4- tjd .
-y_----1J
*01-- t,U Jm
loo.d .ItA
-I> ,\
o tJ-ptAi- hodt.
- l1J.
-t y 0,lW'.uJ;- } LJf p,UuI
cwr.vJ- "jhQ. hynJL

Ca.VI bl- Jtd .
JLl.-
t
::: TD l\ g}) 1\ l2.L
* \J " tAJ U:M f. ; J..e,r 1M tn pILi- tJ 0 d..l I
+
1:npJ;- M!t
$ Uti ; "'l 1'lI i 11.0''' ThL<> y,em, --'1 ulwtuJ-- C "f" ci !-an u :.
Ct :::: ( Ik- A V ') C lit Av) c1J.
1\-.R
v:: == -1 L I I
V 52 -'3 y(} 12- L

t L.1-.( 1. + <3'm )
tnpd 6tpo.UKmLfl C, n
(; fy)::: + wt . = + ( lt1m f-L'
\-0 tal Y M I J., h:tn U 'tJ
l2-si \\ -t7t
)f< tvlf U. \l W\J2 . \::-cuJ- rut V/''- k.cw-t
I
-
L
" .

'
"""",-.. 1 I \
1 II _
JI -
Yo '
,
,
.... - .. - . - . :
'i- 01'1'.(.
.
oil: \.Le-I'l c1..u
.3 g L kJ

.2 TT Cq '- + )
:fmr .e.hm:7(\-< i
* DVM aU. 1.0 w W-VJ LIj
r fu.n mt (0 1ftu2.
tro h'7 1tV- aJocy.R g PI (T}1J
alMf \A \1 RJY can to un J
Vo
) [ m (JlDD J?dJ ( )(A \

I
- - 1'- ---1
-::-r----If-.-.i:--:---J
51 LI11 ,
:J :1-1 ::::l-L
ptAJt)
fi,: A
(!., MDUE,-
'* '11u 0 7YtM<
2 jr 1 u.a.n ti..Ll tw to wu
'6 tLJs rr.ur UJU? UJ .., t L
* Mo,d- 0 iW hi Wl,.Q. ttl
i,A Th/2U'l 1W- b 1fwy
?. 4- hen Ul.. 'thD- .to
gJA
Ba.Y\d.,wt d.1h Ot Muili Amp li+.vrA ..,. . '4 -1
, .
'j.. ," \P 1'"
J\u btWlJ.w I cLrV> ., MLJ11 amfLi tJ ivr tJ J.w
bo..vu:Lw1ckffl 1 A;f
\. DViK&. MWM' ob:
}J- tM Ul wi i d.9IY 1IA> J uJU g dJ< .fr"-'l "-"" '":l 0 , h: ,.mJi ttJ
LMLt\.W M 1L (h) ,
* J 1"-' V""L tJ.<.\'l "i +v whiM. 'l am -faJL<
bo t.- [s J.I; ) 0 t a,. tn l,u, anA. 1t.:J.w
n
l J J
tl-l.h)
1
-
12-
J2 = [J 1+ ( fL )2...l h

* gq bo'Th
*

'tOo t-
fm
boTh
;SleW
WL
\
( tlh)
2-
lYn -=-
1+
\
:< - \
= J
2..-
htYl )
* .. h ; Wj
9t
'b"OO"
O\f\- bc>'TYI


-I
=:
1L

.:h .. t\'))
. " 1
[h)
=.
tL
J
J
.

,
2. I OV-lrall Hrtu
y
tub- oJt F rq Wl1tlj 0 MuU-iJI-ar
uJ wy)/>iJaff 3d.!3 +-qUlU1'4 0
M j It L .
*' 1 1W t4 UVl '4 '" tu: d, ']'1M ev;,,,-aJ1. 'J ain faLl:' I",
If .h(n) .,! i!.an :h- 4- JH (oj
JJk\ TIutn :h.. .
* '. 1\u bltl?c!w t em> 4- m uLH p Pl1 pIA t-Jl )I aj! ltM

I- J \ 1ttL a.n 1 Y ::. 1 .. 1 '/ t I '
,- r- :r /':ht /} Jt. f .. -t- Y 2-
==============-.@I 'l. 1h
-- - - -- :::,..-=-.,--
v
-f----"
t b
>- ,
* \AI tl.
Wf }"(4 tanUj
tw\ m..eJl ah1j 1W
>b- r
tn r oJ.-:.. "'f pU.-d ,1Iu t,:" p u
hcl-ttl trrM P r.e.v 1h.t. () ul'P tJ..- :P-o y('\ 'Y'M ponJ.inj

* 1ltt VDtL-cur tom D 4- YJ' ,1U 'JVu
s t-oJ:e V, I>U i 1V> 1tu b htl- tffi4 huJ- ('!L ,
,-
* \:l Y\AA td- r..eJ... jur \to I:-V . ,
11 \"IcJ. V LA oat d aA
/ .... b I \22.C:I- )
f),\ V V \. \-jl
- b I 2.
0-1::
- b I t 2.-
0-4 :: .
(-0.,,):: - tl
- --
Yl2. (.2..
,- 0, l - -b
...-::-:--

:: o. 1
* 'TVu
00 c::r =- 1.- . - r I 2-
0.1::: -
j..;-, to' I) :: r- 2-
f2.!).t2-
- :;. .3 :: - t:1-
v ' V ,1 "' 9- .
tt . T m 1?.ett,eJ ,2QI l va.it.w t:- \ 4 t-2- "cA .JLul
hVVU- (t-y) ob ciTcull-
.[kr= r,.-b \
tr ,.,g <,.\ ('2-- ::: l g - D) )
[iy: Q J
V4
LUhUj

,

2dJ?
IA
M
'.
j--It
=-
.-
J-lf J2.-!).. C
.
Mrvu-
..
IA
'lb Ob

'Th,'(S

bt
r.e..r
Y1A.i
. '
,
"' '1-' .
:: - 1-L (01).11- - 1- 1

dncl
ab

II t.tJ.e- 'Y
-
"-/'

v
r
vi
Vo
V-,

*- All 0. yau.ll- tyu. v-o 1M
co l'lP 'J.- .
tu! - oJ}
vo
i
V
1
0
r 'Y.&f tLDJ?
"\ x
4
Vo
\:.t' t
L.B'Y\A i t< }- 0 b
D t.Al1' tAt- }v
.. X. ?
(0'1) " HU.- aMo
ciM
.
W. 1-<. ' T JJ;Wfl'f s.cl..n u
o t-t
,
If,
>
<-
x\OO
X \4)0
x toO



toO
MA N C:Ji A-Yf}(2..k k91!.B-.sT M
T ulori at AM l:-cuJ:- I E
l' 1hL :; .200 j
1- Y'tU1 \.U.) t.i..tA , f ; '() J.. 1W rnl- mtU'Yl V'o Ll:::ttf tUn .
V'w pal-a:
p... V ,:tOO
&t> Lull BY' :
\-A.A"'" m W1' V'D th'1' a " Gn tWo ,,1 aU -01+ ,r.
;. ;2.00X{'2. ;:!
2 . r trr """ "'4 t.:t p . 1m ; J. ban,l (1 am lOO Low" cul - 0 Jt M V>"J
'" 1. . F;,.,). 1h'- cUn "\ Ml """'f '" w .J:: :\Y' '"1""'" tJj c .9D fb
3-
A

tpo
'"
-
:=.
I 't(1y;f
,
P-l lJ30t
Fo-r cW\

2>J..e,
1a.W


GUl.- --O:Jt W2hlj
iJ
lDD 4-
,
at
11l$k}J2 .
tv1
ih
\-< \" 2.
r:; nJ.


3 dJ3 0
c.uK r V.l1\LVl Uj :;; r:J. ::} L ":: ;( 0 k H 2. '
}; \oohl-\}'
J
A - - -
-
I :: b k, :1 !2 I-e Q c =: l .2 k.A

R L- :; 10 kJ, J C 2 0,/ oM P = I k"('
1---1-----1

:h t Ln pJ- ) ::
C :; I D.LL P. J I O tAt
8olul1el-1 :
, ) r t) p J.- )? Co neh,() oy Ii .
I
:::
2fi[t&O + ( b.H< l\n\< \) \.\ 1-< -D x 0
Rc. w.d-worh:
L oul-ptJ
r
) ;;;
:: -
!::: I,gO4S Hz.
Cj.2I{ +10 \1) x 0.' x. w
h
-
"
- -
- - - -
"rrl h; + ) II REl C E
hgK1\ Z2 1"l\bgo:: .. 28J.-
b tUO
O
) III k1 )( \.() to b
,1)0
1W J-L- L lnplAl:-)
d.oh"l ; h a.vJ:-
\.t,LId{
-<
I
4C

,
f :
\'0&1> 1
\ 30 -..\S'l-!:z. 12.1 -111:1- "11.1'8 H2.
:t (HZ-)
ft
11- t poeM)
h LLryut)
hiM
Jh-L
ca!
!J . CaLwLalrL
'The-

\U.V) cy b
CI

" 1Vt-t- l.)
cirtuit ;\ W,Wl"I


lJ)
I )
;; 2. 00
'ti) hi.! ::: g!L k
D.ec
/0 r: .2 )
'J,ool(.J..
fl.'

:

R I :: 2> 00 k,.L
'sokt<-
g.e ::-)kA

J2. c ':: ., ' "A.
sl<A..
12- L- ::-
,

b
t'-l :::: In F
:;
SotuJi Bn :
I ' eu1:" 0 It t y.vr u.e.n Uj J...c....te. In t I
j-
I
-
t = -'-1) It.: i'l C I
R i 1'1;: \) lI- n
::
tt - -'---
,;]IT J'fi ( sooxtlU {>V xtd \1 I )("ob
'j.'1-0-

h\ R. :..\ \c. .
\\(
::: 12 i 3). A H 1-
G-t ; VRJ'> '.
Vu ::: '2-0" I g,.:: 2,lol<

C :.
S 0 ttJ-l1:M
I
it. (PypeW\ ) .:
"h'
'If [( f-;H \ J (to'

F:fl1::; j(,\)hlll2g :. 22.0\<\\ 22.\'::\) 0 =0
1-' h-o'r t- cC rw.V: c C-uJ'eW- tUn 0 i,d-oY .25" a1- 4 1r4 CIj
). M2 i) J-T ji) h}" iii) trlLllAil
2
h},l ::.
lr
Jf3
..
I A j I
I A 1


t::

?X LOb
:;OOXLO g
kt,c
<'
J J+ (
Iv
)2.
..lOll), co
j
.::2Wk2
g. 1)iliOtP i b::t_nt!w;&1n 0 t 4 e)' .A ho wn. r b ::: IOO..L ,
2..:J- E: DeL DS I IS I
'Y1l :: \.\K J -;: -' 'c :::
r
<
, ..-
V'Vl J:>t:I.b:\:
Yc.t :::; 9-0 V', R I ::: ItO k, Q.;:' 10k I
J2. t ;. er k " f?E ::.2k' )2.. L :;;. '5; K r b r 0 O.A I
""'1);;: "lk I LTf;:. sp,: I TllDpr I
r
jll [ 0 t lilt kit ,0 h' II [. )( .2..n'w- b
:: hH:z '
@
::
.2.1T (12-(' +- J?-L ) ( 1.
ol1f r + h;" )" 4}.
- I\Ok\)lok\\O'= OJ..
1-
w-K T
!::l l 04 ' s- m A I V
:2'ifx 1.lx10
3
rSxtO'2+
::: \. -+ t g,b kH z.
O_.I", ' J-rL..- }
L ,o413bxu/'- :::. 1"4-13\ kH2.
-
H '-11- -
=-
CW\ h..--c..hMnA I k ;:: I-D.Am, J..ov
'-3. - l 1.
I
-::: 2>, 4 S- .;( vO 'F 11) / .1 j) := J.. () 0 ,M A + h' h ::: I StJ M {:j I v 2-- . FI nJ.
}T \ U in
l- t 0)1. t1' I o D5'A m , hI'.:= f'I'
(1'
1\ / . '
I 2. .
.J,... \) := .2.D 0 A ,., ,..... I'> ::- I SO )..I A V
golu1., tm :
J X. W L Go?!.. 'f LOV := W L tv'lL + W LDv 1'o7l
)

:= '< to X , x 3 - A-S" X to ' !5" + to X 0' 0 6 'j. 3 0.4-S XlO
,- 15
$""
+-" 7;l!; XLO
:; :: I t q '1;- F
J2k7 JJv J ..2XlbDXW
b
J2.DOXW
b
=-ol14bmllh
__
9-11 )
=
ID CtJ N\O.H2 E T /2 ok.A/
' S' k , 'j "" :: I J rnA Iv... 'Yo -=- tSV k.A. " =- , / ::: .3pt:',
1M Iy); t:lbVlJ (jtt.tn AM 4- Ufp,.e."O 3 d..B J--li'
C71"1 Vdl
fLL. I S I< / I . J.. vn fJ I V
;: t 11- 1 tn g L' ) ; t. /+ I 1 X ui
3
X S. 11 )( c..J ) ;>( D. g xtD IZ
2 . J'17 f{:-
C-, n ::. LtUJ -t- L.p -:: .2. g,-, + ) :: 3 .. .317 pp .
J2 s ;':= 12 s,' tJ til /.!lD I< 1!4.1A' ID "
;: \l'1kA
g
2. fTx 1/1x [0 )t g. 371xl/2..
=4 D2 .g/<HZ.
II-
F\7l a.. C.el Rt..'1:'I.lM,tl./
R t i ::: I 8 0 k)., tt)'Yl -:: \. 7- rn A \ V' / f) l 1/ f) k /0 . I A .L. L \
II
On) 1'-1,... :::1S' . M/TJI)t
J
1 !\ \,I'\.d l .
Gl ; \(X1 d;J-C\!
C'1 '" c! ;; ;;/ J../ p, 12 OJ = 12 /-1.A. ' 12.>"' IR 0 kA =1 y
J) \ D k , e L = I s;l\ .
SD vJi et" :
_
'X t 1X b!: -1 , OJ
. __ ( 12. )
/2.-tl) . Ie
!f -
.-J
,-2X ID
-::! ------
- b
..1fJxlxw
:. -- -----
I \' of a. L'ircJJ;-,1 ho om (" ji 9: 1'-,,1 f"'-"' 1:1 tl: . Mf"-"'"
"'-YP h . l' .-.....,..b y Li. rtLut r bv..< i"(\ur
Col {D-4.F
12. I,... ;:: 9- )<...l .
So uJ1BYl
j
.2'tf 12 I ( I
.::h ..
9-1f X bXLO\\I)Xu)b
r,., II! IU'VIi. t -.;.. 7-00 H 2. .
p::. 1f}L
p ::;: 2./,
go tul1tM :
.:1- L-
x 1,00
PJ.
-
[oo'iT
X LOO
:2 0 I'
- --- =
0 't'iJ )( 2 .bs
:=
.2'
I .

j\J\ A A V. A-R." \( ftRlJ.' I'l l
AM ;',1 P D( 1( E
UtJ IVE S'TY
TWO MARkS
WITH
A E .s
J)rr c:LW
\. ...
.
W.
qcJ-o
0-



B
ob / 10,
C.
'If,
\ C'"
'rO
:
..e


jur

CE

tlrwLl-


hit'
h h1 \;tt.vl lA1 '
D12l2, 6 ,
t
it J w 'rff l Lll-+ (.q)
bA- W.-UJ'l b I d1h f oy) M G
.I,
Bondw i clTh::: g I?-
-ty
.It- WIo,.t "Lop ...-i# I:i "'" ,y,cLLoJ:
L
? \\0", l1 tl: r..t.M Iv
1W- r.# li Vi'-< 'oA an -to tLt uJi "" 0 h 1-.0"' ted Ie 1h.< ""'-P II V QY
C<ll" Y ..... r cm.L h> "- ""'tI U>" l:i ",.,;J: '" 7h< u, P ttl: Y D lk "r .
A\- w: t :lo'-'l .,..... ci,fo ,'lVu U:>"f U "'5 4- ""J f MI Cft{'4 u: }uyA
0. c\; ed tI \c.of\- tl r c.t.loK 4 d.ilnO l a.Il HI.- 1\<L ""'f Li.ll.tY 1r""lu.W'J
-r.tA V
cmH
.
1'"' r.u d-an" 01 j un J.; "'" CAfA ,r}-an tal 0-' fin w .
/'lfi t"1 '", , r>'A JetL>lu. "I J ""J.-i "'"
C-elf a: c.i \-an CL r J). ,
1\>," ']\u j...tn 4- 1J..p.J- if'olk7 '
,
1
8
lb
11U -nM HWU!

t\
BjT

w kaL-- J/J

IA ns .;


tct1
()h i lAj
<>
IS) T ?
JVu.A

GI V..eYl
M--Ci1 .
-'1
tr XlV ,g
S 0 tul1 Ot"
B Ctl'1tLw " cWh

tl1
::.
o -
b
ID MHz.
- !OXto 112.
-
1:.'Y
1>4Ke 1-j
6
d...


tra.YlJ b- .

ob
w
1Vu ::h- j\,u :h-4 l.lh L!j cJ- tV 1N. p b r ci y wJ- CG
4 a.U:> b R. wrvuJ uw,
MCOj Db , 01 r It)" 1).ec- 01,D3 / 01
DO::
-nu. '" V\tt.Q. yd r
; j nal to .1n:>)'Yl lAJ 't,
\:0 . 'to 'r, Dtr
Vo
nu eli H .t'Ow Ww.vu> b.of r 2- 40'/.
go
t2.-b,
t:r:: .fl- g JL'l- C).. D' t g2-(
cr:: )2.9-('-
M.tUJ Db
kcl:< tlt tow Uj r.v. ptwtM. 1Vtl a.mpLl
lJ..' 11VJ B Y\IU CO .
\..1 \o(l/LDtOh tU
\ o. w ""tVU A "tj n i Lo.J1 tR. 00 0 d-llN'..e6 1- GA. cl..r iv> 4' LLU? LY
y.!-\ V fW\ # ?
PeL a.o" b
A tl M..U .p-,upu+,\ a. kuule
hol.vi -Y4 (.LQ.h'j uJ,Le.J
\ \ . 'Ill " J.;" ban)"'" cUh 0 \ "-'" "'-""f t<...\i ,< ? ""'-lI ,0
1
' oe c 0 8 ' ., t4ALj .- O"f '-013
:n 1 JJ-\,i vuz.J. '" 'J\II.L "Li. \\.H .""" \".l.h.u.<W 1\'"' .La t.UM .o.uk -0 lJ
t U> 1),etf oJ; -0 \t jY'vt u.Ql Uj .
k -IT
..-{
. tr, \ \ > St4,VJ2Yi tAj y\Nl .
r,tJ fon-l< 0\
- J r"",U
1
uJ. tu'f1 p\i-\l..- .
fOf
\ 'I }It \
f 0'( ()..U"f,oJ;:
I f\ :h-\' -
1\ .-MA. ":"11 \1""" \
lb' J .. 1.JrrL
1''''<. '1fT' 'II'-"'- On A BTl 'LA 40 I w h cur 1N. <tJ')lU.U OJII'"
1'N>1- Can I,<. Dbt":;"Y Th;A UiT?


\ W htt, f tl-- VU1 t- P 0 M ; \.,1.a. t-n LAM.
4 air
AI- /J>tJJ Jr.ur'""" ":l !:raw;p fn< ""aLt< wi VUJ h-
)..;.t ')1A.< h- m.d.d VUlt .
IfO.lu-< 0\ h _ \?A -- IW (ft\'! ,.1- M """ciA
b oJ- ,.\- \-u: f' :)y-OJ uP> ":J h - P AO-.... "".tb "" 0 JJ.l '" ",",1- ,!..JkJ,t. .
\\,. -nM tU1
"""'f Ii n- 1 DI'>J. <,-.J. ""Lor- 1"-' Of F'."i ",,J-,
4
lA
-\1-'r . f\pt)l't\ll"J
B OJ') tLw I <!lAI\
Qn \ V)if) :
\:: .. r:: lOYli
11 . Y Aj v...tt!i OYI "1- ovm,J1 "fF" 4- wt 0/1- Y"'!UJ>h riP 0 b
muU.,t1 a..mptl r .er. flp r\ :>-DO &
t\..lh):: 3
L

en) ;;: tH'
(g. Ik v1h{ Hwu. 81'r
g . S- 1-1 / n o! a tr a.tM n-i OY\
}l\A.Lj l11M'U J-b D (,
.
b VLJWI dJ.Jr A :
\q r J.D,U
p->\

\-1\7'2- - - \
- }-.--
\
b.- '6' ,tiJ.
t6 . hi ::: rrdlll.d k em Jr4U1l11tJj:: }tt;;. b V-I M )12.
iY

DD- aYnpLLf..R)" t4V-VlUi? lJ
o
V)A>t.2M'
W j-y btu..efl Y"f)olL to \'Y) fa r.ul /7J 1 4- h.tn LL
eJ-,Lot.U A j = -
,

You might also like