ELEM ENT S AND CO M PO UNDS

Atomic volume
G The atomic volumei sthe volume of
one moleof the atomsof an element.
I t can be found by di vi di ng the atomic
massof one mole of atomsby the
densi ty of the element:
A to m i c v o lu m e = A to m i c m a ss
D e n si ty
G Si nce there are 6.023 x 10
23
atomsper
mole of atoms, i t would seem possi ble
to use the atomi c volume to calculate
the volume of a si ngle atom, and thus
i tsradi us. However there are two
problemswi th doi ng thi s. Fi rst, the
state of an element, and therefore i ts
densi ty, changeswi th temperature and
pressure. Second, usi ng the atomi c
volume to calculate the volume of a
si ngle atom assumesthat an element
consi stsof atomsthat are not bonded
to each other. Thi si strue only of the
group 8elements( noble gases) . For
these reasons, i t i snot possi ble to
consi der the volume of an atom i n
i solati on, but only aspart of the
structure of an element.
G I n general, atomi c volume i ncreases
down a group. Acrossa period, i t
decreasesand then i ncreases.
G The di agram hi ghli ghtsthe element
wi th the hi ghest atomi c volume i n the
fi rst si x peri ods( mi nusthe lanthanide
series) .
E le m e n ts wi th p e a k a to m i c
v o lu m e s
H e H e li u m
K P o ta ssi u m
R b R u b i d i u m
C s C e si u m
R n R a d o n
Atomic volumes of the
elements
atomic mass
atomic volume
density
element
group
group 8
lanthanide series
mole
noble gases
period
Key words
33

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