ELEM ENT S AND CO M PO UNDS

1Antoine Lavoisier
G I n 1789, French chemi st Antoi ne
Lavoi si er organi zed what he beli eved
were the elementsi nto four groups:
Group 1 gases, Group 2 non-metals,
Group 3 metals, and Group 4 earths.
2 J ohann Dobereiner
G I n 1817, German chemi st Johann
Doberei ner noti ced that the atomic
massof stronti um wasabout half way
between that of calci um and bari um.
After further study, he found that he
could organi ze other elementsi nto
si mi lar groupsbased on the same
relati onshi p to each other. He called
these groupstri ads. Subsequently,
sci enti stsattempted to arrange all of
the known elementsi nto tri ads.
3 J ohn Newlands
G I n 1864, Engli sh chemi st John
Newlandsnoti ced that i f the elements
were arranged i n i ncreasi ng order of
atomi c mass, the ei ghth element after
any gi ven one had si mi lar properti es.
He li kened thi sto an octave of musi c
and called the regulari ty the law of
octaves.
G Newlands sarrangement worked well
for the fi rst 17 elementsbut broke
down thereafter. Consequently, i t was
not well recei ved by other sci enti sts.
4 Lothar Meyer
G I n 1870, German chemi st Lothar Meyer
plotted a graph of atomic volume
agai nst atomi c mass.
G He found a pattern i n whi ch elements
of si mi lar properti esappeared i n
si mi lar posi ti onson the graph.
Organizing the elements
atomic mass
atomic volume
element
Key words
25

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4 Lothar Meyer
A
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1
8 0
6 0
Atomic number
3 5
6 0
4 0
2 0
0
0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 4 0 4 5 5 0 5 5
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4
h e a t
li g h t
o xyg e n
n i tro g e n
su lfu r
p h o sp h o ru s
co p p e r
ti n
le a d
zi n c
li m e
b a ry ta
m a g n e si a
a lu m i n a
si li ca
1Antoine Lavoisier
Triad Relative atomic mass
L i
S
C l
C a
2 J ohann Dobereiner
N a
S e
B r
S r
K
Te
I
B a
7
3 2
3 5 . 5
4 0
2 3
7 9
8 0
8 8
3 9
1 2 8
1 2 7
1 3 7
H
1
F
8
C l
1 5
L i
2
N a
9
K
1 6
B e
3
M g
1 0
C a
1 7
B
4
A l
1 1
C r
1 8
C
5
S i
1 2
T i
1 9
N
6
P
1 3
M n
2 0
O
7
S
1 4
Fe
2 1
3 J ohn Newlands