FIRST LAW AND OTHER BASIC CONCEPTS

***Review Concepts of Work, Heat, Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy

Heat- is the transfer of energy from one object to another object as a result of a difference in
temperature between the two. (Connect to Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics)
Kinetic energy- energy in motion

Work energy theorem and Kinetic Energy
The figure shows a particle of mass m moving to
the right under the action of a constant net force F.
Because the force is constant, we know from Newtons
second law that the particle moves with a constant
acceleration a. If the particle is displaced
a distance d, the net work done by the total force F is-



Recall that-

If we substitute this to the above equation:


The quantity mv
2
represents the energy associated with the motion of the particle. This
quantity is so important that it has been given a special namekinetic energy. The net work done
on a particle by a constant net force F acting on it equals the change in kinetic energy of the
particle. So,

Potential Energy- energy due to its position from the reference line

Internal Energy- the sum of all the kinetic, potential, vibrational and other forms of energy of all
the molecules in a system.

First Law of thermodynamics
Van Ness: Although energy assumes many forms, the total quantity of energy is constant,
and when energy disappears in one form, it appears simultaneously in other forms.
Usually: First Law of Thermodynamics = Law of Conservation of Energy
It means that:
changes in the energy of the system + changes in the energy of the surroundings = 0




GIBBS PHASE RULE