WPCA AMEREN ESP

SEMINAR
Understanding ESP Controls
2004, General Electric Company
By John Knapi
GE
Proprietary
22
Collection
E!!iciency
"Percent#
$$%$ $$%$
$$%0 $$%0
&0%0 &0%0
0 '00 200 (00 400 )00 *00
Efficiency vs. Specific Corona Power
K+,- -.E/E 0,U/ ESP /U+S ,+
1.E CU/2E
Corona Po3er 4 -atts5'000 6C78
GE
Proprietary
((
AVC Cabinet, CLR !"R Set
GE
Proprietary
44
!ypica# SCR$CLR E#ectrica# Syste%
&irin'
Circ(it
Microprocessor)s*
Contro#
Mo+(#e
C(rrent Li%itin'
Reactor )CLR*
!ransfor%er"Rectifier
)!"R* Set
SCR Stac,
6
m6
Si'na#
Resistor
Secon+ary
C(rrent
Master
Precipitator
&ie#+
Secon+ary
Vo#ta'e
Meter
K2
- -
$
Pri%ary
C(rrent Meter
A(to%atic
Vo#ta'e Contro#
Pri%ary Vo#ta'e
Meter
V
C!
L $ .
L $ /
m6
GE
Proprietary
))
0(st Re%e%ber, t1e Pri%ary of a !$R
Set is Rate+ in 2nits of RMS, t1e
Secon+ary is in Avera'e
9
400 2 6C /8S
9
'20 6 6C /8S
9
4) K2 :C 6;erage
9
<)0 m6 :C 6;erage
1here!ore =se an /8S /eading 8eter to
Cali>rate the Primary 8eters
GE
Proprietary
**
?ron 2ane
8o;ement
/8S
:@6rson;al
6;erage
Note3 4ow 5o 6o( !e## !1e
5ifference7
1he 8eter Scale :istance is not the
Same on the /8S 8eter%
GE
Proprietary
<<
Pri%ary C(rrent Meter
&irin'
Circ(it
Microprocessor)s*
Contro#
Mo+(#e
C(rrent Li%itin'
Reactor )CLR*
!ransfor%er"Rectifier
)!"R* Set
SCR Stac,
6
m6
Si'na#
Resistor
Secon+ary
C(rrent
Master
Precipitator
&ie#+
Secon+ary
Vo#ta'e
Meter
K2
- -
$
Pri%ary
C(rrent Meter
A(to%atic
Vo#ta'e Contro#
Pri%ary Vo#ta'e
Meter
V
C!
L $ .
L $ /
m6
GE
Proprietary
&&
&in+in' t1e Pri%ary C(rrent Wavefor%
GE
Proprietary
$$
Pri%ary C(rrent A C1oppe+ Sine
Wave
Pri%ary C(rrent Wavefor% $ Positive
an+ Ne'ative 4a#f$Cyc#es 8 SCR . an+
SCR /
GE
Proprietary
'' ''
Secon+ary C(rrent Meter
&irin'
Circ(it
Microprocessor)s*
Contro#
Mo+(#e
C(rrent Li%itin'
Reactor )CLR*
!ransfor%er"Rectifier
)!"R* Set
SCR Stac,
6
m6
Si'na#
Resistor
Secon+ary
C(rrent
Master
Precipitator
&ie#+
Secon+ary
Vo#ta'e
Meter
K2
- -
$
Pri%ary
C(rrent Meter
A(to%atic
Vo#ta'e Contro#
Pri%ary Vo#ta'e
Meter
V
C!
L $ .
L $ /
m6
GE
Proprietary
'2 '2
&in+in' t1e %A Si'na#
GE
Proprietary
'( '(
Secon+ary C(rrent P(#satin' 5C
GE
Proprietary
'4 '4
!ypica# Pri%ary an+ Secon+ary
C(rrent
GE
Proprietary
') ')
Secon+ary Vo#ta'e Meter
&irin'
Circ(it
Microprocessor)s*
Contro#
Mo+(#e
C(rrent Li%itin'
Reactor )CLR*
!ransfor%er"Rectifier
)!"R* Set
SCR Stac,
6
m6
Si'na#
Resistor
Secon+ary
C(rrent
Master
Precipitator
&ie#+
Secon+ary
Vo#ta'e
Meter
K2
- -
$
Pri%ary
C(rrent Meter
A(to%atic
Vo#ta'e Contro#
Pri%ary Vo#ta'e
Meter
V
C!
L $ .
L $ /
m6
GE
Proprietary
'* '*
C(rrent Li%it $ %A 9V
GE
Proprietary
'< '<
Secon+ary Vo#ta'e Wavefor%s !r(e
Ne'ative
9V%i
n
9Vpea,
%A
GE
Proprietary
'& '&
Ne:t !1e A(to%atic Vo#ta'e Contro#
&irin'
Circ(it
Microprocessor)s*
Contro#
Mo+(#e
C(rrent Li%itin'
Reactor )CLR*
!ransfor%er"Rectifier
)!"R* Set
SCR Stac,
6
m6
Si'na#
Resistor
Secon+ary
C(rrent
Master
Precipitator
&ie#+
Secon+ary
Vo#ta'e
Meter
K2
- -
$
Pri%ary
C(rrent Meter
A(to%atic
Vo#ta'e Contro#
Pri%ary Vo#ta'e
Meter
V
C!
L $ .
L $ /
m6
1he
AVC
AVC
is the
;RAINS
;RAINS
o! the ESP
GE
Proprietary
20 20
<#+er Ana#o' AVC
GE
Proprietary
2' 2'
Microprocesso
r ;ase+
AVC
GE
Proprietary
22 22
9
Control the amo=nt o! sparing in the ESP%
9
?! a 15/ set is not sparing, then its 62C
sho=ld >e p=shing that 15/ set to one o! its
preAset, healthy limits ";olts, amps, K2, ma,
or !iring angle#%
9
?@ll eBplain 3hat is meant >y ChealthyD in a
min=te
!1e AVC 1as / 0obs to E:ec(te
1he 62C has 2 Jo>s to EBec=teE
B=t ho3 does the 62C no3
3hat@s happening in the
ESPF
GE
Proprietary
24 24
!1e %A si'na# is its eyes3
Positive Ne'ative Ions 8
C1ar'e+ Partic#es 8
&ree E#ectrons 8
-
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
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e
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-
-
-
-
-
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e
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e
=ro(n+
Ret(rn
Le'
!ransfor%er Rectifier Set
P#ate
)-*
E#ectro+e
9V
9V Meter
)Precipitator
Vo#ta'e*
%A Meter
)Precipitator
C(rrent*
%A
e
GE
Proprietary
2) 2)
AVC Cabinet, CLR !"R Set
GE
Proprietary
2* 2*
AVC Spar, Response
SE!;AC9
>2ENC4 &AS! RAMP SPAR9 RA!E
SPAR9
GE
Proprietary
2< 2<
=oo+ Initia# Settin's for an AVC
'% G=ench H ' 7=ll Cycle
2% 7ast /amp H ) or * .al! Cycles
(% Set>ac H ') to 20I
4% Spar /ate H (0SP8
GE
Proprietary
2& 2&
Proper AVC Response to Spar,in'
GE
Proprietary
2$ 2$
Spar, Response $ Secon+ary C(rrent
Wavefor%
GE
Proprietary
(0 (0
Spar, Response $ Secon+ary C(rrent
an+ Vo#ta'e Wavefor%s
GE
Proprietary
(' ('
!ypica# Spar, Response $ %A 9V
GE
Proprietary
(2 (2
&(rt1er Contro# A Searc1 Ra%p Rate
+e3 Spar 1hreshold or 15/ Jimit
Search /amp
Spar 1hreshold
P
<
W
Set>ac Slo3 /amp "determined >y spar rate#
E
R

7ast /amp
G=ench
"/esponse to Spar#
! I M E ?+1E//UP1 ?+1E//UP1
PE:ES16J PE:ES16J
/68P /68P P.6SE B6CK P.6SE B6CK
6U1, P/CS 7J-/ 6U1, P/CS 7J-/
GE
Proprietary
(( ((
Spit Spar, Response )%A*
GE
Proprietary
(4 (4
Spit Spar, Response $ Secon+ary
C(rrent an+ Vo#ta'e Wavefor%s
E:a%p#es of AVC ?s at a Li%it
GE
Proprietary
(* (*
AVC SPAR9 LIMI!E5 5<IN= I!@S 0<;
GE
Proprietary
(< (<
!"R C(rrent Li%ite+ wit1 Spar,in'
GE
Proprietary
(& (&
!$R C2RREN! LIMI!E5 WI!4<2!
SPAR9IN=
GE
Proprietary
($ ($
!$R V<L!A=E LIMI!E5 WI!4
SPAR9IN=
GE
Proprietary
40 40
W1at is %eant by A4ea#t1y Li%its7B
9
Primary or Secondary Jimit is not healthy
3hen accompanied >y a Primary 2oltage le;el
K $0 26C or a Secondary le;el K '2K2% ?t
=s=ally indicates a short circ=it%
9
Secondary 2oltage Jimit is not healthy 3hen
there is ;ery little Secondary C=rrent% ?t =s=ally
indicates an open circ=it%
9
+either condition is aiding in particle capt=re
GE
Proprietary
4' 4'
!1e !$R Set
&irin'
Circ(it
Microprocessor)s*
Contro#
Mo+(#e
C(rrent Li%itin'
Reactor )CLR*
!ransfor%er"Rectifier
)!"R* Set
SCR Stac,
6
m6
Si'na#
Resistor
Secon+ary
C(rrent
Master
Precipitator
&ie#+
Secon+ary
Vo#ta'e
Meter
K2
- -
$
Pri%ary
C(rrent Meter
A(to%atic
Vo#ta'e Contro#
Pri%ary Vo#ta'e
Meter
V
C!
L $ .
L $ /
m6
GE
Proprietary
42 42
!ransfor%er Rectifier )!"R* Set
GE
Proprietary
4( 4(
Insi+e !"R !an,
GE
Proprietary
44 44
4i'1 Vo#ta'e !ransfor%er
GE
Proprietary
4) 4)
5io+e Stac,
GE
Proprietary
4* 4*
!"R Set $
Low Vo#ta'e
0(nction ;o:
GE
Proprietary
4< 4<
Low Vo#ta'e 0(nction ;o:
GE
Proprietary
4& 4&
!"R Na%ep#ate
GE
Proprietary
4$ 4$
!1e 9V Meter
&irin'
Circ(it
Microprocessor)s*
Contro#
Mo+(#e
C(rrent Li%itin'
Reactor )CLR*
!ransfor%er"Rectifier
)!"R* Set
SCR Stac,
6
m6
Si'na#
Resistor
Secon+ary
C(rrent
Master
Precipitator
&ie#+
Secon+ary
Vo#ta'e
Meter
K2
- -
$
Pri%ary
C(rrent Meter
A(to%atic
Vo#ta'e Contro#
Pri%ary Vo#ta'e
Meter
V
C!
L $ .
L $ /
m6
GE
Proprietary
)0 )0
Vo#ta'e 5ivi+er
GE
Proprietary
)' )'
SCR@S
&irin'
Circ(it
Microprocessor)s*
Contro#
Mo+(#e
C(rrent Li%itin'
Reactor )CLR*
!ransfor%er"Rectifier
)!"R* Set
SCR Stac,
6
m6
Si'na#
Resistor
Secon+ary
C(rrent
Master
Precipitator
&ie#+
Secon+ary
Vo#ta'e
Meter
K2
- -
$
Pri%ary
C(rrent Meter
A(to%atic
Vo#ta'e Contro#
Pri%ary Vo#ta'e
Meter
V
C!
L $ .
L $ /
m6
GE
Proprietary
)2 )2
SCR
GE
Proprietary
)( )(
L
A
!i%e
SC/
7iring
6ngle
"$0M#
Po3er
,n
Cond=ction
6ngle
"$0M#
Nero Crossings
$0M 0M '&0M 2<0M (*0M
&%(( milliseconds
!ypica# Sine Wave
GE
Proprietary
)4 )4
SCRC Low Vo#ta'e to !$R Set
7iring 6ngle '40M
Cond=ction angle 40M
GE
Proprietary
)) ))
SCRC 4i'1 Power to !$R Set
&irin' An'#e DEF
Con+(ction an'#e .DEF
DE
E
GE
Proprietary
)* )*
!1e CLR
&irin'
Circ(it
Microprocessor)s*
Contro#
Mo+(#e
C(rrent Li%itin'
Reactor )CLR*
!ransfor%er"Rectifier
)!"R* Set
SCR Stac,
6
m6
Si'na#
Resistor
Secon+ary
C(rrent
Master
Precipitator
&ie#+
Secon+ary
Vo#ta'e
Meter
K2
- -
$
Pri%ary
C(rrent Meter
A(to%atic
Vo#ta'e Contro#
Pri%ary Vo#ta'e
Meter
V
C!
L $ .
L $ /
m6
GE
Proprietary
)< )<
C(rrent Li%itin' Reactor )CLR*
GE
Proprietary
)& )&
C(rrent Li%itin' Reactor
GE
Proprietary
)$ )$
C(rrent Li%itin'
Reactor at !$R Set
GE
Proprietary
*0 *0
GE GE
SCR@s are w1y CLR@s are Nee+e+
9
1he diagram 3o=ld
represent the
3a;e!orm 3ith the
SC/s t=rning on at $0%
9
?! this 3a;e!orm 3ere
applied to the 15/ set,
;ery ine!!icient
operation 3o=ld occ=r%
9
,=tp=t po3er !rom the
15/ set 3o=ld >e
greatly red=ced%
GE
Proprietary
*' *'
1o increase the e!!iciency o! the 15/ set, a de;ice called a
CJ/ "c=rrent limiting reactor# is =sed% 6 CJ/ is an ind=ctor%
/ecall that the property o! an ind=ctor is to oppose a change
in c=rrent% Beca=se o! this property, the shape o! the c=rrent
3a;e!orm is changed and it starts looing more lie a sine
3a;e%
E#ectrica# ;asicsC CLR
GE
Proprietary
*2 *2
CLR &(nction
9
Jimit short circ=it c=rrent
9
Shape 15/ secondary 3a;e to >e more
sin=soidal
9
Pro;ide proper !orm !actor
9
Protect SC/s and 15/ diodes !rom steep
c=rrent rise
9
?ncrease precipitator ;oltage and c=rrent
9
+ot to >e con!=sed 3ith air core reactor
GE
Proprietary
*( *(
CLR Wavefor% C1an'es wit1
I%pe+ance
GE
Proprietary
*4 *4
Proper CLR SiHes for Co%%on !"R
Sets
6ll 15/ primaries are rated at 4002
P/? C=rrent Sec% C=rrent 8inim=m
"6mps# "m6# "m.#
40 2)0 '(%0
&0 )00 *%*
'20 <)0 4%4
'*0 '000 (%(
200 '2)0 2%*
240 ')00 2%2
;asic !ro(b#es1ootin'
GE Energy
GE
Proprietary
** **
!R Na%ep#ate Va#(es
)&or t1is e:ercise*
Primary C=rrent '*0 6mps
Primary 2oltage 4&0 2olts
Secondary C=rrent '200 m6
Secondary 2oltage 4) 2
GE
Proprietary
*< *<
7irst ?ndication
Second ?ndication
S1ort
'*0
4&0
'200
4)
GE
Proprietary
*& *&
C#ose C#earance
'*0
4&0 '200 4)
GE
Proprietary
*$ *$
Con+(ctive 5(st, <(t#et
&ie#+
'*0 4&0 '200 4)
GE
Proprietary
<0 <0
;a+ 9V Ret(rn
'*0
4&0 '200 4)
GE
Proprietary
<' <'
<pen
'*0 4&0 '200 4)
GE
Proprietary
<2 <2
Nor%a# R(nnin'
Con+ition
'*0 4&0 '200 4)
GE
Proprietary
<( <(
SCRs Not &irin'
'*0
4&0
'200 4)
>(estionsF
1han 0o=%