Gisc 9312 D 2 Graups

Shannon Graup
47 Notley Place Toronto Ontario M4B 2M7

647-921-4930 shannon.graup@gmail.com

May 9
th
, 2014
GISC 9312-D2
Ian D. Smith, Director of Landfill Operations,
Town of Gumby Municipal Offices
2269 Niagara Rd.
Gumby, Ontario
Canada
L0S E1O

Dear Mr. Smith,

Re: GISC9312-D2 Raster Based Analysis of Terrain Surfaces

Please accept this letter as my formal submission of deliverable 2, Raster Based
Analysis of Terrain Surfaces for GISC9312 Geospatial Visualization.

During this project spatial analysis was completed on the waste landfill located in
Gumby. Spatial surfaces of the existing landfill volume and the allowed landfill volume
as set by the Ministry of the Environment were created. Once these initial surfaces were
created calculations were completed to compare the existing and allowed elevations.

After analyses was completed it was determined that some areas of the landfill must be
cut down as they are higher than the allowed volume capacity. Using historical data, it
was identified that if waste generation stays at a constant rate, the landfill will be at its
maximum capacity in between 2021 and 2022.

If you have any questions regarding the assignment submission please feel free to
contact me by phone (647-921-4930) or e-mail (shannon.graup@gmail.com) at your
convenience. I look forward to receiving your feedback and suggestions.

Sincerely,

Shannon Graup BAH
GIS GM Candidate
SG\

Enclosures
1) GISC9312 Deliverable 2 Raster Based Analysis of Terrain Surfaces
Raster Based Analysis of Terrain Surfaces
Shannon Graup
shannon.graup@gmail.com

Page | 2

Project: Town of Gumby Landfill
Client:
Ian D. Smith, Director of
Landfill Operations
Prepared By: Shannon Graup BAH,
GIS-GM Candidate
Subject: Raster Based Analysis of Terrain Surfaces
Date: May 9
th
, 2014 GISC9312 D2
1.0 Introduction
A landfill site is used for the disposal of waste materials by burial and compaction.
Landfills are the most common type of waste disposal. When a land area is used for
landfill purposes the Ontario Ministry of the Environment determines the highest allowed
elevation for landfill area.
There is a landfill located in the Town of Gumby that needs analysis to determine the
existing landfill elevation and the allowable landfill elevation as identified by the Ministry
of the Environment. An analysis of the landfill was completed to identify any areas that
are above the allowed elevation, and areas that have available area to be filled.
2.0 Methodology
During this project a number of spatial files provided were used to create spatial output
files that indicate different surfaces of the landfill area. Three surfaces were created
using geographic information system (GIS) software. The surfaces that were created
identify the existing elevation of the landfill, the allowable elevation of the landfill
according to the Ministry of the Environment, and the remaining depth of landfill.

Shannon Graup

Page | 3

Figure 1 below shows the allowed landfill elevation in meters that is set by the Ministry
of the Environment for the Town of Gumby landfill.

Figure 1: Allowed Landfill Elevation (m) set by Ministry of the Environment in Town of Gumby

Shannon Graup

Page | 4

Figure 2 below shows the existing landfill elevation in meters of the landfill in Gumby.

Figure 2: Existing Landfill Elevation (m) in Town of Gumby

Shannon Graup

Page | 5

After creating the existing and allowed landfill surfaces in GIS software, calculations
were completed to compare the existing landfill volume with the allowed landfill volume.
Figure 3 below identifies the differential volume calculation surface for the landfill
located in Gumby.

Figure 3: Differential Volume Calculation Surface for Town of Gumby Landfill
Areas that have a negative value (symbolized in reds) are above the allowed volume
height as set by the Ministry of the Environment. Landfill areas symbolized in blue in
Figure 3 have elevations below the allowed volume as set by the Ministry, meaning that
more volume can be added to these locations. The higher the value of the area, the
more room there is for additional volume.
Another calculation surface was created called a cut and fill surface. A cut and fill
surface can identify volume changes between two surfaces (ESRI, 2012). A cut and fill
surface was created for this project to identify areas in the landfill where the volume
must be cut down and areas that are available to be filled with additional volume.
Shannon Graup

Page | 6

Figure 4 below shows the cut and fill surface created showing the areas in the Gumby
landfill that are above the allowed maximum volume, and the areas that can be filled
more in the landfill.

Figure 4: Cut and Fill Surface showing areas below and above maximum volume
The areas symbolized in red are above the maximum volume, and need to be cut down.
Areas in blue can have more volume added as they are currently below the allowed
volume height.

Shannon Graup

Page | 7

3.0 Findings
Spatial and three dimensional analyses were completed on the Gumby landfill to
compare the existing landfill volume with the allowed landfill volume. This helped to
identify areas that were above and below the allowed volume.
Table 1 below identifies the waste generation rate, the waste generation per household,
the total waste generation and the total waste in the landfill from 1999-2012.
Table 1: Waste Generation in the Town of Gumby
Year
Waste Generation
Rate (To Landfill)
Tonnes/Capita/Year
Waste Generation
per Household
(Tonnes/Year)
Waste Generation,
Town of Gumby
(Tonnes/Year)
Total Waste in
Town of Gumby
Landfill (Tonnes)
1999 0.65 1.625 16,575
16,575
2000 0.60 1.5 15,300 31,875
2001 0.49 1.225 12,495
44,370
2002 0.44 1.1 11,220
55,590
2003 0.40 1 10,200 65,790
2004 0.35 0.875 8,925
74,715
2005 0.33 0.825 8,415
83,130
2006 0.31 0.775 7,905 91,035
2007 0.31 0.775 7,905
98,940
2008 0.30 0.75 7,650 106,590
2009
0.31 0.75 7,650 114,240
2010
0.30 0.75 7,650 121,890
2011
0.30 0.75 7,650 129,540
2012
0.31 0.75 7,650 137,190
The mean occupancy rate in Gumby is 2.5 persons per household, and the number of
households that are serviced by the landfill is 10,200. There is no major development
planned in Gumby so this household number is expected to remain constant in the near
future. This information was generated from information found in the project terms of
reference (Smith, 2014).

Shannon Graup

Page | 8

Figure 5 below shows the amount of waste generated per year from 1999 to 2012 in the
Town of Gumby.

Figure 5: Waste generation in Town of Gumby (Tonnes/Year)
It can be seen in this graph that waste generation rates have been steady from 2008
until 2012 with a total waste generation of 7,650 tonnes by the 10,200 homes serviced
by the landfill.
According to the cut and fill surface created in GIS software (as seen in Figure 4) the
total volume available to be filled with waste in the landfill is 125,364.90m
3
. Compaction
of waste in the landfill is done with a sheepsfoot roller with a compaction rate of 0.6
tonnes per m
3
. This means that the landfill will be at its total allowed volume after
75,218.94 tonnes are added to the landfill.
The total waste volume has been assumed to be 137,190 tonnes (this value can be
found in Table 1 as the Total Waste in the landfill for the year 2012). Adding the
remaining landfill volume (75,218.94) to the total landfill waste (137,190) results in the
total allowable landfill waste volume, this equals 212,409 tonnes.
Table 2 below shows the cumulative total waste in the Town of Gumby landfill assuming
the waste generation rate is constant at 0.31, the waste generation per household is
constant at 0.75 and the households serviced by the landfill is constant at 10,200.
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
W
a
s
t
e

G
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

(
t
o
n
n
e
s
)

Year
Waste Generation in Town of Gumby
Amount of
Waste
Shannon Graup

Page | 9

Table 2: Projected total waste generation in Town of Gumby Landfill
Year
Total Waste in Town of
Gumby Landfill (Tonnes)
2012
137,190
2013 144,840
2014
152,490
2015
160,140
2016 167,790
2017 175,440
2018
183,090
2019 190,740
2020
198,390
2021 206,040
2022 213,690
It can be seen in Table 2 that the landfill will meet its maximum allowed waste volume of
212,409 tonnes in between 2021 and 2022. Figure 6 below shows the projected total
waste generation in the Town of Gumby.

Figure 6: Total projected waste generation in Town of Gumby landfill
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018 2022
T
o
t
a
l

W
a
s
t
e

G
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

(
t
o
n
n
e
s
)

Year
Projected Total Waste Generation in Town of
Gumby
Amount of
Waste
Shannon Graup

Page | 10

The data values from 1998 to 2012 are real waste generation values and the values
from 2012 onwards are projected.
4.0 Conclusions and Recommendations
After spatial analysis of the Town of Gumby landfill it was identified that some areas in
the landfill have a higher than allowed volume as set by the Ministry of the environment.
These areas can be seen in Figure 4 symbolized in red. It is my recommendation that
the areas with a higher than allowed volume be cut down and moved into areas that
have volume space available. The waste should be moved into areas of the landfill that
have the most available space. These areas can be seen in Figure 3 symbolized in dark
blue with a value of 5 6.
Analysis was completed to identify the amount of waste generation in Gumby per year,
and the total waste volume currently located in the landfill. It was determined that there
is enough room for approximately 75,000 more tonnes of waste in the landfill. If waste
generation in the town stays constant at 7,650 tonnes per year the landfill can service
the town until sometime between 2021 and 2022 before it reaches its maximum volume
quota as set by the Ministry of the Environment.
It is my recommendation that the City of Gumby begin to look for new waste disposal
methods as the landfill can only service the town for approximately 10 more years if
waste generation stays constant. The Town of Gumby should also work to encourage
more recycling and increased consumer awareness on waste generation.

5.0 Bibliography
ESRI. (2012). ArcGIS Resources Help. Retrieved May 1, 2014, from ArcGIS Help 10.1:
http://resources.arcgis.com/en/help/
Smith, I. D. (2014). GISC9312 Deliverable 2 - Raster Based Analysis of Terrain Surfaces.
Niagara-on-the-Lake: Niagara College.

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Shannon Graup

47 Notley Place Toronto Ontario M4B 2M7

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