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. , ,

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:

Qr + Qk = Br (I a I l)

[kW]

(1)

Qr + Qk = o Al Hr Tpl4 Tz4 + k Hk Tpl Tz

[kW]

Qr

[kW]

- ,

Qk

[kW]

- ,

Br

[kg/s]

- ,

[-]

Ia

[kJ/kg]

- () ,

I l

[kJ/kg]

- ,

- ,

(2)

Qr + Qk = Br (I a I l)

[kW]

(1)

Qr + Qk = o Al Hr Tpl4 Tz4 + k Hk Tpl Tz

[kW]

(2)

 [kW/m2K4] - - (
-11
2 4
) - = 5,67 10 kW/m K ,
Al

[-]

Hr

[m ]

- ,

pl

[K]

- ,

[K]

- ,

- ,

2
[kW/m K] -

Hk

[m ]

- .

Tl

c sr =

caTa c lTl
Ta Tl

[kJ/m3K]

(1)

(3)

Qr + Qk = BrVg c sr (Ta Tl)

[kW]

(4)

Vg [m3/kg] - .
(2) (4)

o Al Hr (Tpl4 Tz4 ) + k Hk (Tpl Tz ) = BrVgcsr (Ta Tl)

[kW]

(5)

(5)

k Hk
o Al H rTa3 4
(
(
pl z ) = 1
pl z4 ) +
Br Vg csr
BrVgcsr

pl =

Tpl

Ta
T
z = z
Ta
T
l = l
Ta

[kW]

- ,
-
-
.

(6)

 k Hk
o Al H rTa3 4
(
(
pl z ) = 1
pl z4 ) +
Br Vg csr
BrVgcsr

[kW]

(6)

(6)
,
.

(BrVg / Hk )
(6)

k Hk
BrVgcsr

k
c pw g

= St

(7)

c pw g =

BrVgcsr
Hk

(8)


,
(6)

o Al HrTa3 4
(
pl z4 ) + l 1 = 0
BrVgcsr

(9)

(
, )

Bo =

H k c pw g

o H rT

3
a

Br Vg csr
=
o H rTa3

(10)

(9)

Al
pl4 z4 (1 l) = 0
Bo

(11)

pl4

Bo
(1 l) z4 = 0
Al

(12)

pl4 = C ( l)4 n

(13)

( l >> z ) (12)

( l)4 n

Bo
(1 l) = 0
CAl

(14)

n
.
,

. n,
,
.
n xl,
(14), ,

 Bo

, x l
Al

l = f

(15)

0 ,6

Bo

A
T
l = l = l 0 ,6
Ta
Bo

M +
Al

(16)

(16) Bo/Al < 10 l << 0,9.

.

 (10)

Vgcsr

(Vc )sr

Ia Il
=
Ta Tl

[kJ/kgK]

(17)

Hr

H r = sr Fz

[m2]

(18)

Bo =

Br Vg c sr Br (Vc )sr
=
3
o H rTa
o sr FzTa3

(19)

, (17)
(1)

Qr = (I a I l) = (Vc )sr (Ta Tl)

[kJ/kg]

(20)

 (16), (17), (19) (20)

Fz =

Br Qr
o Al sr MTa3Tl

1 Ta

1
2

M Tl

[m2]

(21)

t l =

Ta
o sr Fz AlTa3

M
Br (Vc )sr

273

0 ,6

[oC]

(22)

+1

(21) , (22)
. ,
,
(22).

Al =

Apl + (1 Apl )

1 (1 Apl )(1 sr )(1 )

(23)

= R/Fz - ,
( = 0)

Al =

Apl

(24)

Apl + (1 Apl ) sr

(23) (24) Apl .

,
q,
q1 q2
.

(25)
q a p ds = dq

q2 = q1e aps

(26)

Apl =

q1 q2
= 1 e aps
q1

(27)

a [1/mMPa] - ,
p [MPa] -
s
[m]
- .

.
(-, , ),
( ),

a = ag rn + ap lp + ak 1 2

[1/mMPa]

(28)

Apl = mAspl + (1 m )Anpl

m .

(29)

 Aspl Anpl
(27)
-

a = ag rn + a

[1/mMPa]

(30)

[1/mMPa]

(31)

a = ag rn

(ag rn), (ap lp), (12)

(a) "
".
= 0,1 .

s = 3,6

Vl
Fz

[m]

Vl [m3] - .

(32)



(33)
= x
Qre
. (x1Qre)
, [(1 - x1)Qre]
.
,
, x1
. , ,

= x 1Qre + x 1 (1 x 1 )Qre = x 1 (2 x 1 )Qre

Qre

(34)

Qre
= x1(2 x1 ) = x
Qre

(35)

x=

Qre
H
= r
Qre Fe

(36)

x sr

H
= r =
Fz

x F
i

Fz

zi

(37)

( )
" ".


.
,
,
.

.
,

,

Qre
=

Qre

(38)

" "

,
,
, .


,

= x ,

sr

=
i

Fz

zi

(39)

.
,
,
. , "
",

M = A Bx l

(40)

A B [-] -
xl

,
[-] - .

 ()

I ao = Qrr
Qrr

+ Qv Qvv

100

[kJ/kg]

[kJ/kg] - ,

Qrr = Hdr + Qvv + QG + Qp Qkar [kJ/kg]

l

[%]

- ,

l = 100 - (q3 + q4 + q6 ) [%]

Qv

[kJ/kg] -
o
o
Qv = (l -l - m ) I zv
+ ( l + m ) I hv
[kJ/kg]

Qvv [kJ/kg] -
o
o
) [kJ/kg]
Qvv = I zvu I hv = zvu (I zvu
I hv
() I t


tao = f (Iao ; l)

[oC]

 ()

(Vc )ao

I ao
t ao

[kJ/kgK]

, ()

I a = I ao + rI gr

r
I gr

[-]

[kJ/kg]
-

[kJ/kg] - ,
( I gr = I l ).

(Vc )a = (Vc )ao + r (Vc )l

[kJ/kgK]

(Vc )l = I l t l -

-
D = 22,222 kg/s
-

ps = 46 bar
-
ts = 450 oC

ta =

Ia
(Vc )a

[oC]

t l =

Ta
o sr Fz AlTa3

M
Br (Vc )sr

273

0 ,6

[oC]

+1

.

,

.



, , .

.




.


.
,
)

Qb = I gu I gi + I

o
us

) = B (h h ) Q
Dp

[kJ/kg]

Qb = I gu I gi + I

o
us

) = B (h h )
Dp

[kJ/kg]

)

()

)

()

o
Qb = I gu I gi + Ius
= I zv I zvu

[kJ/kg]

)
()

o
Qb = I gu I gi + Ius

[kJ/kg]

Igu [kJ/kg] - ,
Igi [kJ/kg] - ,
[-] -

o
Ius

Dp
hi
hu
Qd

,
[kJ/kg] - ,
[kg/s] - ,
[kJ/kg] - ,
[kJ/kg] -
[kJ/kg] - .

 a a a a a a
aa aa a x = 1, , aa a a aa. K
a a a a a aa a
a a, a a a a a aa a
a a a aa a a.

 a aa a a a aa a a,
aa a

Qd = Qdul Qdiz

[kJ/kg]

Qdul [kJ/kg] - a aa a a
a a

Qdiz [kJ/kg] - a aa a a aa a aa a a aa.

a a a aa a a a 5
a , a a aa
a a, a a a a, a
a a a.
a aa a a a a aa
aa " ".

 Jaa a a

Qt =

kHt 3
10
Br

[kJ/kg]

k [W/m2K] - aa 2

H
t

[m ]

[ C]

Br

[kg/s]

a a
,
- aa a a,
- aa
aa
aa a

-

a a aa a , a
a a , aa a
a aa . a a a a t1, a a a t2.

 a a aa
aaa a z a
z , a a a a
aaa aa
k, a k. a a m a
m. Ta a a tz1, tz2, tz3
tz4. K aa
a a a 1, a a a 2.

 aa a a a
a a a aa aa
a a a
a a a

q = 1 (t1 t z 1 )
q
q
q
q

z
(t z1 t z 2 )
=
z

m
(t z 2 t z 3 )
=
m

k
(t z 3 t z 4 )
=
k

= 2 (t z 4 t 2 )

[W/m2]

aa a a a, a a
a a a

1
1

t1 t 2 = q + z + m + k +
1 z m k 2

[oC]

q=

1
1

1
z m k
+
+
+
z m k 2

(t1 t 2 ) = k (t1 t 2 )

[W/m2]

k [W/m2K] aa aa aa
a a.
a , a a aa
a

k=

1
1

1
z m k
+
+
+
z m k 2

[W/m2K]

a aa a aa a a (1/1), aa a (z/z), a
(m/m), aa aa (k/k)
a a a (1/2).

 a aa aa a aa a a
a k/k = 0. a, a a
a a,
aa m/m 0.
aa a a a , aa a

k=

1
1

[W/m2K]

O aa a a
a aa ( a, aa, a a ,
aa a a a). a a aa
aaa a, aa a
a aa aa
aa a aa

k =

1
1

[W/m2K]

 a aa aa a a (aa , aaa, a a a aaaa) 1/2 aa a

k=

1
1

[W/m2K]

k = 1

[W/m2K]

K a aa a a a
a a Qd a aa

k=

1
Qd
1
1

+ 1+
+

1 Qb
2

[W/m2K]

 a aa aa a a a aa a a
aa , aaaa a aa a aa aa a a, a
aa
a) a a aa aa

k =

1
1

[W/m2K]

) a a a () aa aa

k =

1
x 1 1

x1; x2

[W/m2K]

x 2 2

[-] - a a ,
[-] - a aa a
[-] - aaa a
a aaa.

 K aa a a
a a a
a.
a aa a a a (a aa) , a a a a aa " ".
K aa aa a a
a

1 = ( k + r )

[W/m2K]

a a a a a a

+ r [W/m2K]
1 = k
2 s2 x

[-]
k [W/m2K]
d
[m]
x
[-]
s2 [m]
r [W/m2K]

a ,
aa ,
a a aa,
a aa a aa,
a aa a aa
aa a.

 K aa aa a k
a a

Nu = A C Re m Pr n

Nu
R
Pr

C
m,n

[-] - (Nu = k d / )
[-] - (R = wg d / )
[-] - a (Pr = cp g / )
[-] - a aa aaaa a ,
[-] - a
[-] - a a aa aaaa a .

a a

[m]

[W/mK]
wg [m/s]
[m2/s]
cp [J/kgK]
g [kg/m3]

- a a
aaa,
- aa,
- a aa aa,
- a aa,
- aa aa
- a aa.

 aa C aa m n a a
a aaaa a a.
aa a aa a aa a
a

T
1 z
A +1
T
r = o z
AT 3
T
2
1 z
T
z [-]
[-]
T [K]
Tz [K]
n [-]

[W/m2K]

aa a ,
-aps
a a T, A = 1- e
aa aa aa,
aa aa a aa
; a a a ( ) n = 4, a
a a a ( a ) n = 3,6.

K a a a aa
a aa a a a.

 K aa a a 2
a a

Nu = A C Re m Pr n
aa a , , a a aa.
aa a a H a

kHt 3
10
Qt =
Br

[kJ/kg]

a aa a
a a, a a aa a a aa aa a
aa a a a x. a a
a aaa aa ( a a
a) aa a a a a a
a, a a a a a a .
aa a
a a.

 a aa a a
a: a a, a aa, a a
a aa aa . Jaa a
a

Qt = kHt

[W]

a aa aa

Qb = w g Fg g c pg t gu t gi = w F c p (t i t u )

wg ;w

[m/s]

[W]

- aa aa ( aa)
a ,
2
Fg;F
[m ] - a a aa a
,
3
g; [kg/m ] - a aa a ,
cpg ;cp [kJ/kgK] - aa aa
a ,

tgi ;ti
[ C] - aa aa a a
a

tgu ;tu
[ C] - aa aa a a a
.

 M aaa a aa aa aa ( aa) a

w g Fg g c pg = V&g g c pg = M& g c pg = Cg

[kW/K]

w F c p = V& c p = M& c p = C

[kW/K]

a aa aa

Cg t gu t gi = C (t i t u )

[W]

t gu t gi
t i tu

t g C
=
=
t C g

a a a aa a a
aa aaa.

 Kaa a aa a
a a a aa a
aaa. a aa, a
a, , a aa
a aaa.

Kaa a
aa aa
a
a

a)
aaa
) aaa

 Kaa a aa
aaa a a aaa aa
a aa a a a
aaa aa aa a
a a a aa .

Kaa a
aa aa
a
a

a)
aaa
) aaa

 aaa aa aa a
a a a a aa
. a , a a a
a aaa aa
a .

Kaa a
aa aa
a
a

a)
aaa
) aaa

t =

t v t m
t
ln v
t m

[oC]

a
a aa a
a, ,
aaa.

 aa a a aa aa a a . T
aa aa a a a, a
aa a. M, a
a a (aa, a
a, a a a a a a
a a) a aa a.
K a a a a
aaa
aa, a aaaa a. a
aaaa, a aaa aa aa
a

t = t ssm
[-]

t ssm [ C]

[oC]
-
- a aaa aa aa
aaa.

a a a a
a a " ".

 Ja aa
)

Qb = I gu I gi + I

o
us

) = B (h
Dp

hu ) Qd

[kJ/kg]

Qb = I gu I gi + I

o
us

) = B (h
Dp

hu )

[kJ/kg]

o
Qb = I gu I gi + Ius
= I zv I zvu

[kJ/kg]

aa a

kHt 3
10
Qt =
Br

[kJ/kg]

aa a a,
a

Qb Qt
=
Qb
a a aaa -0,02 < < 0,02

 Ka a aa aa a
a a a , a
a a aa aa.
Taa a aa ( ) a a
a a a 10 C, a aa aa aa a 40 C,

.