EXPERIMENT 6

SODIUM METAL
Appearance: light silver solid.
Danger! May ignite spontaneously on exposure to oist air. !o"usti"le solid. !auses eye "urns. !auses digestive tract
"urns. !orrosive. #ater$reactive. !ontact %ith s&in causes irritation and possi"le "urns' especially i( the s&in is %et or
oist. !auses respiratory tract "urns.
Boiling Point: )6*) deg +
Freezing/Melting Point:*,- deg + Molecular Formula: Na
Molecular Weigt:**... !emical Sta"ilit#: Reacts violently %ith %ater. Reacts violently %ith a "road range o(
aterials.
!on$ition% to A&oi$: /ust generation' exposure to oist air or %ater.
Incom'ati"ilitie% (it Oter Material%: #ater' chloro(or' strong acids' sul(ur dioxide' strong oxidi0ing agents'
halogens.
)azar$ou% Decom'o%ition Pro$uct%: Irritating and toxic (ues and gases' sodiu oxide.
P*!)LO+OA,ILI,E
Potential Acute )ealt E--ect%: 1a0ardous in case o( s&in contact 2pereator3' o( eye contact 2irritant3' o( ingestion' o(
inhalation. 4lightly ha0ardous in case o( s&in contact 2irritant' sensiti0er3. 4evere over$exposure can result in death.
Boiling Point: *5*6! 277..66+3
Melting Point: 8*.96! 2)6*.96+3
S'ecial +emar.% on +eacti&it#: :ight sensitive. Air sensitive. Incopati"le %ith acids' acid chlorides' acid anhydrides'
chloro(orates' and strong oxidi0ing agents. Air and light sensitive. #hen heated to decoposItion' it eits highly toxic
(ues.
SULFA,ILI! A!ID
Potential Acute )ealt E--ect%: ;ery ha0ardous in case o( ingestion. 1a0ardous in case o( s&in contact 2irritant3' o( eye
contact 2irritant3' o( inhalation.
Molecular Weigt: )85.). g<ole
Melting Point: /ecoposes. 2*--6! or 99,.76+3
!orro%i&it#: Non$corrosive in presence o( glass
FE++OUS SULFATE
Appearance: "lue$green solid. !aution! May cause eye and s&in irritation. May cause respiratory tract irritation. May "e
har(ul i( s%allo%ed. Air sensitive. Moisture sensitive.
Target Organ%: :iver' gastrointestinal syste' eyes' s&in' ucous e"ranes.
Boiling Point: 5,, deg ! 2dec3
Freezing/Melting Point:67 deg ! Molecular Formula:+e4=7.81*=
Molecular Weigt:*8-.,) !emical Sta"ilit#: 4ta"le at roo teperature in closed containers under noral storage
and handling conditions. +e4=7.81*= oxidi0es in oist air (oring a "ro%n coating o( "asic (erric sul(ate. A>ueous
solutions are oxidi0ed slo%ly "y air %hen cold' rapidly %hen hot? rate o( oxidation increased "y addition o( "ase or
exposure to light.
!on$ition% to A&oi$: :ight' dust generation' oisture' excess heat' prolonged exposure to air.
Incom'ati"ilitie% (it Oter Material%: 4trong oxidi0ing agents' "ases' lead acetate' silver salts' lie %ater'
car"onates' potassiu tartrate' gold salts' potassiu iodide' sodiu "orate' sodiu tartrate' tannin.
)azar$ou% Decom'o%ition Pro$uct%: =xides o( sul(ur' oxides o( iron.
SODIUM ,IT+OP+USSIDE
Appearance: red crystals. #arning@ !ontact %ith acid li"erates cyanide gas. May cause respiratory tract irritation.
1ygroscopic 2a"sor"s oisture (ro the air.3 1ar(ul i( s%allo%ed' inhaled' or a"sor"ed
through the s&in. May cause eye and s&in irritation.
Target Organ%: Alood' cardiovascular syste
Molecular Formula:!9+eN6=.Na*.*1*=
Molecular Weigt:*)9.-.
!emical Sta"ilit#: 4ta"le under noral storage and handling conditions.
!on$ition% to A&oi$: /ust generation' excess heat' exposure to %ater or oist air
Incom'ati"ilitie% (it Oter Material%: 4trong oxidi0ing agents' strong acids.
)azar$ou% Decom'o%ition Pro$uct%: 1ydrogen cyanide' nitrogen oxides' irritating and toxic (ues and gases' sodiu
oxide.
FE++I! !)LO+IDE
Appearance: yello% to "ro%n. May cause liver and &idney daage. May cause central nervous syste e((ects. May cause
cardiac distur"ances. 1ygroscopic. Danger! !orrosive. !auses eye and s&in "urns. May cause severe respiratory tract
irritation %ith possi"le "urns. May cause severe digestive tract irritation %ith possi"le "urns. May "e har(ul i( s%allo%ed.
Target Organ%: Bidneys' central nervous syste' liver.
Boiling Point: Not applica"le.
Freezing/Melting Point:956 deg + Molecular Formula:+e!l5.61*=
Molecular Weigt:*8,.*-67 !emical Sta"ilit#: 4ta"le at roo teperature in closed containers under noral storage
and handling conditions.
!on$ition% to A&oi$: 1igh teperatures' incopati"le aterials' oisture.
Incom'ati"ilitie% (it Oter Material%: =xidi0ing agents' allyl chloride' potassiu' sodiu.
)azar$ou% Decom'o%ition Pro$uct%: 1ydrogen chloride' chlorine' irritating and toxic (ues and gases' chloride (ues'
oxides o( iron.
POTASSIUM FLUO+IDE
Potential Acute )ealt E--ect%: ;ery ha0ardous in case o( s&in contact 2irritant3' o( eye contact 2irritant3' o( ingestion' o(
inhalation. 4lightly ha0ardous in case o( s&in contact 2corrosive' pereator3' o( eye contact 2corrosive3. 4evere over$
exposure can result in death. In(laation o( the eye is characteri0ed "y redness' %atering' and itching. 4&in
in(laation is characteri0ed "y itching' scaling' reddening' or' occasionally' "listering.
Molecular Weigt: 9-.) g<ole
Boiling Point: )9,96! 2*87)6+3
Melting Point: -9...6! 2)98..-6+3
S'ecial +emar.% on +eacti&it#: A"sor"s oisture (ro the air. Reacts %ith strong acids to (or hydrogen (luoride.
AMMO,IUM )/D+O0IDE
Appearance: colourless. Danger! !orrosive. !auses eye and s&in "urns. !auses digestive and respiratory tract "urns.
Toxic. :achryator 2su"stance %hich increases the (lo% o( tears3. 1ar(ul i( s%allo%ed.
Target Organ%: Eyes' s&in' ucous e"ranes.
Boiling Point: 56 deg !
Freezing/Melting Point:$88 deg ! !emical Sta"ilit#: 4ta"le under noral teperatures and pressures.
!on$ition% to A&oi$: 1igh teperatures' incopati"le aterials.
Incom'ati"ilitie% (it Oter Material%: Acrolein' acrylic acid' chlorosul(onic acid' diethyl sul(ate' (luorine' gold C a>ua
regia' hydrochloric acid' hydro(luoric acid' iodine' nitric acid' oleu' propiolactone' propylene oxide' silver nitrate' silver
oxide' silver oxide C ethyl alcohol' nitroethane' silver peranganate' sul(uric acid' halogens. +ors explosive
copounds %ith any heavy etals and halide salts.
)azar$ou% Decom'o%ition Pro$uct%: Nitrogen oxides 2N=x3 and aonia 2N153.
,IT+I! A!ID
Appearance: clear to yello%. Danger! !orrosive. 4trong oxidi0er. !ontact %ith other aterial ay cause a (ire. !auses
eye and s&in "urns. May cause severe respiratory tract irritation %ith possi"le "urns. May cause severe digestive tract
irritation %ith possi"le "urns. May cause severe digestive tract irritation %ith possi"le "urns.
Boiling Point: )** deg !
Freezing/Melting Point:$7* deg ! Molecular Formula:1N=5
Molecular Weigt:65.,) !emical Sta"ilit#: 4ta"le. /ecoposes %hen in contact %ith air' light' or organic atter.
!on$ition% to A&oi$: 1igh teperatures' incopati"le aterials' ignition sources' dust generation' oisture'
co"usti"le aterials' reducing agents.
Incom'ati"ilitie% (it Oter Material%: Reducing agents' acids 2organic' e.g. acetic acid' "en0oic acid' (oric acid'
ethanoic acid' oxalic acid3' alcohols and glycols 2e.g. "utyl alcohol' ethanol' ethanol' ethylene glycol3' aldehydes 2e.g.
acetaldehyde' acrolein' chloral hydrate' (oraldehyde3' aides 2e.g. "utyraide' diethyltoluaide' diethyl (oraide3'
aines 2aliphatic and aroatic' e.g. diethyl aine' propylaine' pyridine' triethylaine3' a0o' dia0o' and hydra0ines
2e.g. diethyl hydra0ine' hydra0ine' ethyl hydra0ine3' car"aates 2e.g. car"anolate' car"o(uran3' caustics 2e.g.
aonia' aoniu hydroxide' calciu hydroxide' potassiu hydroxide' sodiu hydroxide3' cyanides 2e.g. potassiu
cyanide' sodiu cyanide3' dithiocar"aates 2e.g. (er"a' ane"' etha' thira3' esters 2e.g. "utyl acetate' ethyl
acetate' propyl (orate3' ethers 2e.g. dioxane' (ur(uran' tetrahydro(uran 2T1+33' (luorides 2inorganic' e.g. aoniu
(luoride' calciu (luoride' cesiu (luoride3' hydrocar"ons 2aroatic' e.g. "en0ene' chrysene' cuen.
)azar$ou% Decom'o%ition Pro$uct%: Nitrogen oxides.
SULFU+I! A!ID
Appearance: clear colorless $ oily li>uid. Danger! !orrosive. !auses eye and s&in "urns. May cause severe respiratory
tract irritation %ith possi"le "urns. May cause severe digestive tract irritation %ith possi"le "urns. !ancer ha0ard. May
cause (etal e((ects "ased upon anial studies. May cause &idney daage. May "e (atal i( inhaled. May cause lung
daage. 1ygroscopic. 4trong oxidi0er. !ontact %ith other aterial ay cause a (ire. May cause severe eye' s&in and
respiratory tract irritation %ith possi"le "urns.
Target Organ%: Bidneys' heart' lungs' respiratory syste' cardiovascular syste' teeth' eyes.
Boiling Point: 57, deg !
Freezing/Melting Point:),.59 deg ! Molecular Formula:1*4=7
Molecular Weigt:.-.,8)6 !emical Sta"ilit#: !o"ines vigorously %ith %ater %ith the evolution o( heat. Reported to
have exploded %hen in a sealed container. This %as ost li&ely due to pressure o( hydrogen "y reduction o( %ater.
!on$ition% to A&oi$: Incopati"le aterials' ignition sources' etals' excess heat' co"usti"le aterials' organic
aterials' reducing agents' exposure to oist air or %ater' oxidi0ers' aines' "ases.
Incom'ati"ilitie% (it Oter Material%: Aases' strong dehydrating agents' organic aterials' (inely po%dered etals'
oisture' car"ides' chlorates' cyanides 2e.g. potassiu cyanide' sodiu cyanide3' a0ides' (ulinates' picrates' nitrates'
al&ali halides' 0inc' iodides' peranganates' hydrogen peroxides' perchlorates' nitroethane' phosphorus' nitrites'
cyclopentadiene' cyclpentanone oxie' nitroaryl aines' lithiu silicides' iron' ercuric nitride' "en0ene' potassiu
chlorates' steel' cesiu acetylene car"ide' trihydroxydiaino phosphate' phosphorus trioxide' reducing agents.
)azar$ou% Decom'o%ition Pro$uct%: =xides o( sul(ur' irritating and toxic (ues and gases.
SIL1E+ ,IT+ATE
Appearance: colorless or %hite. Danger! 4trong oxidi0er. !ontact %ith other aterial ay cause a (ire. May cause
cyanosis 2"luish discoloration o( s&in due to de(icient oxygenation o( the "lood3. May cause liver and &idney daage.
!orrosive. !auses eye and s&in "urns. May cause severe respiratory tract irritation %ith possi"le "urns. May cause
severe digestive tract irritation %ith possi"le "urns.
Target Organ%: Alood' &idneys' liver.
Boiling Point: -*7 deg +
Freezing/Melting Point:7)7 deg + Molecular Formula:AgN=5
Molecular Weigt:)6..-85) !emical Sta"ilit#: 4ta"le under noral teperatures and pressures.
!on$ition% to A&oi$: Incopati"le aterials' co"usti"le aterials' reducing agents.
Incom'ati"ilitie% (it Oter Material%: 4trong acids' strong "ases' strong reducing agents' strong oxidi0ing agents.
)azar$ou% Decom'o%ition Pro$uct%: Nitrogen oxides' irritating and toxic (ues and gases' oxides o( silver.
EXPERIMENT 8
SODIUM )/D+O0IDE
Appearance: %hite. Danger! !orrosive. !auses eye and s&in "urns. 1ygroscopic. May cause severe respiratory tract
irritation %ith possi"le "urns. May cause severe digestive tract irritation %ith possi"le "urns.
Target Organ%: Eyes' s&in' ucous e"ranes.
Boiling Point: )5., deg ! D 86, 1g
Freezing/Melting Point:5)- deg ! Molecular Formula:Na=1
Molecular Weigt:7,.,, !emical Sta"ilit#: 4ta"le at roo teperature in closed containers under noral storage and
handling conditions.
!on$ition% to A&oi$: Moisture' contact %ith %ater' exposure to oist air or %ater' prolonged exposure to air.
Incom'ati"ilitie% (it Oter Material%: Acids' %ater' (laa"le li>uids' organic halogens' etals' aluinu' 0inc' tin'
leather' %ool' nitroethane.
)azar$ou% Decom'o%ition Pro$uct%: Toxic (ues o( sodiu oxide.
)/D+O!)LO+I! A!ID
Appearance: colorless to slight yello%. Danger! !orrosive. !auses eye and s&in "urns. May cause severe respiratory
tract irritation %ith possi"le "urns. May cause severe digestive tract irritation %ith possi"le "urns. May cause (etal e((ects
"ased upon anial studies. Possi"le sensiti0er. May "e har(ul i( s%allo%ed. 1ygroscopic.
Target Organ%: Teeth' circulatory syste.
Boiling Point: -).9$)), deg ! D 86, 1g
Freezing/Melting Point:$87 deg ! Molecular Formula:1!l.1*=
Molecular Weigt:56.76 !emical Sta"ilit#: 4ta"le under noral teperatures and pressures.
!on$ition% to A&oi$: Mechanical shoc&' incopati"le aterials' etals' excess heat' exposure to oist air or %ater'
"ases.
Incom'ati"ilitie% (it Oter Material%: Aases' acetic anhydride' al&ali etals' aluinu' aines' copper' copper
alloys' (luorine' iron' sodiu hydroxide' steel' sul(uric acid' vinyl acetate' 0inc' potassiu peranganate' cesiu
acetylene car"ide' ru"idiu acetylene car"ide' ru"idiu car"ide' sodiu' chlorosul(onic acid' oleu' car"onates'
perchloric acid' calciu phosphide' etal oxides' acetates' cesiu car"ide' "eta$propiolactone' ethyleneiine' propylene
oxide' lithiu silicides' alcohols C hydrogen cyanide' *$ainoethanol' aoniu hydroxide' calciu car"ide' )')$
di(luoroethylene' ethylene diaine' agnesiu "oride' ercuric sul(ate' silver perchlorate C car"on tetrachloride' uraniu
phosphide.
)azar$ou% Decom'o%ition Pro$uct%: 1ydrogen chloride' chlorine' car"on onoxide' car"on dioxide' hydrogen gas.
)azar$ou% Pol#merization: #ill not occur.
P)OSP)O+I! A!ID
Appearance: AP1A: ), ax $ colorless viscous li>uid. Danger! !orrosive. May cause severe respiratory tract irritation
%ith possi"le "urns. May cause severe digestive tract irritation %ith possi"le "urns. !auses severe eye and s&in irritation
and "urns. May cause cyanosis 2"luish discoloration o( s&in due to de(icient oxygenation o( the "lood3. 1ar(ul i( inhaled.
May "e har(ul i( s%allo%ed.
Target Organ%: Alood' liver' "one arro%.
Boiling Point: )9- deg ! D 86,.,, 1g
Freezing/Melting Point:7*.59 deg ! Molecular Formula:15=7P
Molecular Weigt:.-.,, !emical Sta"ilit#: 4ta"le under noral teperatures and pressures.
!on$ition% to A&oi$: Incopati"le aterials' etals' excess heat.
Incom'ati"ilitie% (it Oter Material%: 4trong "ases' aonia' (inely po%dered etals' organic peroxides' caustics
2e.g. aonia' aoniu hydroxide' calciu hydroxide' potassiu hydroxide' sodiu hydroxide3' cyanides 2e.g.
potassiu cyanide' sodiu cyanide3' (luorides 2inorganic' e.g. aoniu (luoride' calciu (luoride' cesiu (luoride3'
halogenated organics 2e.g. di"rooethane' hexachloro"en0ene' ethyl chloride' trichloroethylene3' ercaptans and other
organic sul(ides 2e.g. "utyl ercaptan' car"on disul(ide' ethanethiol3' nitroethane' sodiu tetrahydro"orate' sul(ites'
ineral acids' "leeching po%der' aldehydes' strong al&alies' chlorides' nic&el car"onate.
)azar$ou% Decom'o%ition Pro$uct%: Phosphine' oxides o( phosphorus' irritating and toxic (ues and gases.
)azar$ou% Pol#merization: May occur.
SODIUM BI!A+BO,ATE
Appearance: %hite. May cause respiratory and digestive tract irritation. Moisture sensitive. May cause s&in irritation.
!auses eye irritation. Warning!
Target Organ%: None.
Freezing/Melting Point:*8, deg + Molecular Formula:Na1!=5
Molecular Weigt:-5...9 !emical Sta"ilit#: 4ta"le at roo teperature in closed containers under noral storage
and handling conditions.
!on$ition% to A&oi$: Incopati"le aterials' dust generation' oisture' excess heat.
Incom'ati"ilitie% (it Oter Material%: =xidi0ing agents.
)azar$ou% Decom'o%ition Pro$uct%: !ar"on onoxide' irritating and toxic (ues and gases' car"on dioxide.
DIET)/LET)E+
Potential Acute 1ealth E((ects: 1a0ardous in case o( s&in contact 2irritant3' o( eye contact 2irritant3' o( ingestion' o(
inhalation. 4lightly ha0ardous in case o( s&in contact 2pereator3
Aoiling Point: 57.66! 2.7.56+3
Melting Point: $))6.56! 2$)88.56+3
4olu"ility: 4olu"le in acetone. Partially solu"le in cold %ater.
Incopati"ility %ith various su"stances:
1ighly reactive %ith oxidi0ing agents' acids.
!orrosivity:
Non$corrosive in presence o( glass
A,ILI,E
Appearance: colorless li>uid. +lash Point: 8, deg !. Warning! !o"usti"le li>uid. !auses digestive and respiratory tract
irritation. May cause etheoglo"ineia. May cause cyanosis 2"luish discoloration o( s&in due to de(icient oxygenation o(
the "lood3. May cause liver and &idney daage. 1ygroscopic 2a"sor"s oisture (ro the air3. :ight sensitive. May cause
central nervous syste depression. 1ar(ul i( s%allo%ed or a"sor"ed through the s&in. !auses severe eye irritation and
possi"le eye inEury. !auses s&in irritation. Possi"le sensiti0er. May cause (etal e((ects. /angerous (or the environent.
Target Organ%: Bidneys' central nervous syste' liver' spleen' cardiovascular syste' red "lood cells' "one arro%'
"ladder.
Boiling Point: )-7 deg ! D 86,.,, 1g
Freezing/Melting Point:$6 deg ! Molecular Formula:!618N
Molecular Weigt:.5.)5 !emical Sta"ilit#: 4ta"le under noral teperatures and pressures. ;olatile in stea.
4ensitive to light. May discolor on exposure to air and light.
!on$ition% to A&oi$: Incopati"le aterials' light' ignition sources' excess heat' exposure to oist air or %ater.
Incom'ati"ilitie% (it Oter Material%: 4trong oxidi0ing agents' strong acids' "ases' aluinu' (luorine' (oraldehyde'
iron' nitric acid' silver perchlorate' sodiu peroxide' sul(uric acid' 0inc' hydrogen peroxides' o0one' acid anhydrides'
chlorosul(onic acid' oleu' perchroates' nitroethane' di"en0oyl peroxide' "en0enedia0oniu$*$car"oxylate' "oron
trichloride' tetranitroethane' trichloronitroethane' diisopropyl peroxydicar"onate' hexachloroelaine'
peroxoonosul(uric acid' al"uin' iron salts' perchloric acid' nitro"en0ene' al&alis' oisture' potassiu peroxide'
glycerine' (uing nitric acid' N$chloro copounds' N$"rooiides 2e.g. n$"roosucciniide3' peroxydisul(uric acid'
nitrosyl (luoride' toluene diisocyanate.
)azar$ou% Decom'o%ition Pro$uct%: Nitrogen oxides' car"on onoxide' irritating and toxic (ues and gases' car"on
dioxide.
)azar$ou% Pol#merization: #ill not occur.
BE,2AMIDE
Potential Acute 1ealth E((ects: ;ery ha0ardous in case o( ingestion. 1a0ardous in case o( s&in contact 2irritant3' o( eye
contact 2irritant3' o( inhalation. 4lightly ha0ardous in case o( s&in contact 2pereator3.
Molecular #eight: )*).)7 g<ole
Aoiling Point: *--6! 299,.76+3
Melting Point: )5*.96! 2*8,.96+3
Incopati"ility %ith various su"stances: Reactive %ith acids.
!)LO+OBE,2E,E
Potential Acute 1ealth E((ects: ;ery ha0ardous in case o( s&in contact 2irritant3' o( eye contact 2irritant3' o( ingestion' o(
inhalation. 1a0ardous in case o( s&in contact 2corrosive' sensiti0er' pereator3. In(laation o( the eye is characteri0ed
"y redness' %atering' and itching. 4&in
in(laation is characteri0ed "y itching' scaling' reddening' or' occasionally' "listering.
Molecular #eight: ))*.96 g<ole
Aoiling Point: )5*6! 2*6..66+3
Melting Point: $79.66! 2$9,.)6+3
=ther Toxic E((ects on 1uans: ;ery ha0ardous in case o( s&in contact 2irritant3' o( ingestion' o( inhalation. 1a0ardous in
case o( s&in contact 2corrosive' sensiti0er' pereator3.
!/!LO)E0A,E
Appearance: colourless. +lash Point: $*, deg !. Danger! Aspiration ha0ard i( s%allo%ed. !an enter lungs and cause
daage. May cause respiratory and digestive tract irritation. May cause eye and s&in irritation. May cause central nervous
syste depression. May cause liver and &idney daage. 1ighly (laa"le. May (or explosive peroxides.
Target Organ%: Bidneys' central nervous syste' liver' cardiovascular syste.
Boiling Point: -,.8 deg !
Freezing/Melting Point:6.9 deg ! Molecular Formula:!1*2!1*37!1*
Molecular Weigt:-7.,-7 !emical Sta"ilit#: 4ta"le at roo teperature in closed containers under noral storage
and handling conditions. Explosive peroxides ay (or on concentration. Peroxides can "e detonated "y (riction' ipact'
or heating. Peroxide (oration ay occur in containers that have "een opened and reain in storage. Norally sta"le?
ho%ever' on long ter storage' aterials containing siilar (unctional groups (or peroxides o( un&no%n sta"ility.
!on$ition% to A&oi$: Incopati"le aterials' ignition sources' excess heat' oxidi0ers.
Incom'ati"ilitie% (it Oter Material%: 4trong oxidi0ing agents' nitrogen dioxide.
)azar$ou% Decom'o%ition Pro$uct%: !ar"on onoxide' irritating and toxic (ues and gases' car"on dioxide.
ALA,I,E
Appearance: %hite. !aution! The toxicological properties o( this aterial have not "een (ully investigated. :ight sensitive.
Moisture sensitive. May cause eye and s&in irritation. May cause respiratory and digestive tract irritation.
Freezing/Melting Point:5)7.9, $ 5)6.9, deg !Molecular Formula:!15!12N1*3!=*1
Molecular Weigt:-..,. !emical Sta"ilit#: 4ta"le under noral teperatures and pressures.
!on$ition% to A&oi$: Incopati"le aterials' dust generation' excess heat.
Incom'ati"ilitie% (it Oter Material%: =xidi0ing agents.
)azar$ou% Decom'o%ition Pro$uct%: Nitrogen oxides' car"on onoxide' irritating and toxic (ues and gases' car"on
dioxide.
P)E,OL
Appearance: colourless. +lash Point: 8. deg !. Danger! !orrosive. May cause central nervous syste e((ects. May
cause liver and &idney daage. 1ar(ul i( s%allo%ed or a"sor"ed through the s&in. May "e har(ul i( inhaled.
!om"u%ti"le li3ui$ an$ &a'or4 May cause central nervous syste depression. !auses eye and s&in "urns. May cause
severe respiratory tract irritation %ith possi"le "urns. May cause severe digestive tract irritation %ith possi"le "urns. This
su"stance has caused adverse reproductive and (etal e((ects in anials.
Target Organ%: Bidneys' central nervous syste' liver. Boiling Point: ).* deg ! D 86,.,, 1g
Freezing/Melting Point:75 deg ! Molecular Formula: !616=
Molecular Weigt:.7.)) !emical Sta"ilit#: 4ta"le under noral teperatures and pressures.
!on$ition% to A&oi$: Incopati"le aterials' ignition sources' excess heat.
Incom'ati"ilitie% (it Oter Material%: 4trong oxidi0ing agents' acids' isocyanates' acetaldehyde' nitrides 2e.g.
potassiu nitride' sodiu nitride3' calciu hypochlorite' peroxoonosul(uric acid' nitro"en0ene' sodiu nitrite' aluinu
chloride' peroxydisul(uric acid' )'5$"utadiene' "oron tri(luoride diethyl ether.
)azar$ou% Decom'o%ition Pro$uct%: !ar"on onoxide' irritating and toxic (ues and gases' car"on dioxide.
EXPERIMENT -
!AL!IUM !A+BIDE
Potential Acute 1ealth E((ects:
1a0ardous in case o( ingestion' o( inhalation. 4lightly ha0ardous in case o( s&in contact 2irritant3' o( eye contact 2irritant3.
Molecular Weigt: 67.) g<ole
Melting Point: *5,,6! 27)8*6+3
Incopati"ility %ith various su"stances: Extreely reactive or incopati"le %ith acids' oisture. 1ighly reactive %ith
al&alis. Reactive %ith oxidi0ing agents. The product reacts violently %ith %ater to eit (laa"le "ut non toxic gases.
:arge 4pill: +laa"le solid that' in contact %ith %ater' eits (laa"le gases. 4top lea& i( %ithout ris&. /o not get %ater
inside container. /o not touch spilled aterial. !over %ith dry earth' sand or other non$co"usti"le aterial. Prevent
entry into se%ers' "aseents or con(ined areas? di&e i( needed. Eliinate all ignition sources. !all (or assistance on
disposal.
!orrosivity: Non$corrosive in presence o( glass
POTASSIUM PE+MA,5A,ATE
Appearance: dar& purple solid. Danger! 4trong oxidi0er. !ontact %ith other aterial ay cause a (ire. May cause &idney
daage. May "e har(ul i( s%allo%ed. May cause severe respiratory tract irritation %ith possi"le "urns. May cause severe
digestive tract irritation %ith possi"le "urns. !auses severe eye and s&in irritation %ith possi"le "urns. Reproductively
active.
Target Organ%: Alood' &idneys' central nervous syste' liver' lungs' respiratory syste' eyes' s&in. Freezing/Melting
Point:767 deg + Molecular Formula:BMn=7
Molecular Weigt:)9-.,55. !emical Sta"ilit#: 4ta"le under noral teperatures and pressures.
!on$ition% to A&oi$: 1igh teperatures' incopati"le aterials' dust generation' co"usti"le aterials' reducing
agents.
Incom'ati"ilitie% (it Oter Material%: 4trong reducing agents' peroxides' aluinu' 0inc' lead' copper' copper alloys'
organic aterials' sul(uric acid' glycerol' phosphorus' co"usti"le organics' aoniu nitrate' diethyl (oraide'
ethylene glycol' hydroxylaine' hydrogen trisul(ide' antiony' aoniu salts' acids' sul(ur' acetic acid' acetic
anhydride' arsenites' "roides' iodides' hydrochloric acid' charcoal' (erric salts' ercurous salts' hypophosphites'
sul(ites' alcohols' ru""er.
)azar$ou% Decom'o%ition Pro$uct%: Irritating and toxic (ues and gases' oxygen' oxides o( potassiu' oxides o(
anganese.
ST/+E,E
Appearance: clear' colorless. +lash Point: -- deg +. Warning! Flamma"le li3ui$ an$ &a'or4 Aspiration ha0ard i(
s%allo%ed. !an enter lungs and cause daage. May cause eye and s&in irritation. May cause respiratory and digestive
tract irritation. May cause central nervous syste depression. May cause reproductive and (etal e((ects. May cause
cancer "ased on anial studies. Fninhi"ited aterial ay (or explosive peroxides.
Target Organ%: !entral nervous syste. Boiling Point: *.5 deg +
Freezing/Melting Point:$*5 deg + Molecular Formula:!- 1-
Molecular Weigt:),7.) !emical Sta"ilit#: 4ta"le under noral teperatures and pressures. May (or peroxides in
the a"sence o( inhi"itors.
!on$ition% to A&oi$: Incopati"le aterials' ignition sources.
Incom'ati"ilitie% (it Oter Material%: ;apor is explosive %hen exposed to heat or (lae and reacts %ith oxygen at
teperatures a"ove ),7 +' unhi"ited aterial ay (or explosive peroxides. Fninhi"ited aterial ay polyeri0e %hich
"ecoes sel($sustaining at teperatures a"ove 69 !. Exposure to "utyllithiu' di"en0oyl peroxide' a0oiso"utyronitrile or
di$tert$"utylperoxide ay cause violent polyeri0ation. ;iolent reaction %ith chlorosul(onic acid' oleu' sul(uric acid and
oxidi0ers. =xygen C heat is explosive.
)azar$ou% Decom'o%ition Pro$uct%: !ar"on onoxide' car"on dioxide.
)azar$ou% Pol#merization: May occur.
BE,2E,ESULFO,/L !)LO+IDE
Potential Acute 1ealth E((ects: 1a0ardous in case o( s&in contact 2corrosive' irritant3' o( eye contact 2irritant' corrosive3' o(
ingestion' o( inhalation. :i>uid or spray ist ay produce tissue daage particularly on ucous e"ranes o( eyes'
outh and respiratory tract. 4&in contact
ay produce "urns. Inhalation o( the spray ist ay produce severe irritation o( respiratory tract' characteri0ed "y
coughing' cho&ing' or shortness o( "reath
Molecular #eight: )86.6* g<ole
Aoiling Point: *9*6! 27-9.66+3
Melting Point: )7.96! 29-.)6+3
4pecial Rear&s on Reactivity: !orrosive and %ater$reactive. Incopati"le %ith aonia' alIphatic aines' diethyl
sul(oxide' ethyl (oraide' %ater or oisture. /ecoposes in hot %ater to produce corrosive and toxic hydrochloric
acid' "en0esul(onic acid. Rate o( reaction
decreases as teperature decreases. !orrosive to etals in presence o( %ater due to (oration o( hydrochloric acid and
"en0ensul(onic acid
TOLUE,E
Appearance: colourless. +lash Point: 7, deg +. Flamma"le li3ui$ an$ &a'or4 May cause central nervous syste
depression. May cause liver and &idney daage. This su"stance has caused adverse reproductive and (etal e((ects in
anials. !auses digestive and respiratory tract irritation. May cause s&in irritation. Aspiration ha0ard i( s%allo%ed. !an
enter lungs and cause daage. Danger! 1ar(ul or (atal i( s%allo%ed. !auses eye irritation and possi"le transient inEury.
Poison@ May "e a"sor"ed through intact s&in. ;apor har(ul. !all physician iediately.
Target Organ%: Bidneys' central nervous syste' liver. Boiling Point: *5* deg +
Freezing/Melting Point:$)5. deg + Molecular Formula:!619!15
Molecular Weigt:.*.,96 !emical Sta"ilit#: 4ta"le under noral teperatures and pressures.
!on$ition% to A&oi$: Incopati"le aterials' ignition sources' excess heat.
Incom'ati"ilitie% (it Oter Material%: Ntrogen tetroxide' nitric acid C sul(uric acid' silver perchlorate' strong oxidi0ers'
sodiu dil(uoride' .
)azar$ou% Decom'o%ition Pro$uct%: !ar"on onoxide' car"on dioxide.
,*BUT/L AL!O)OL
Appearance: colourless. +lash Point: 58 deg !. Warning! Flamma"le li3ui$ an$ &a'or4 May "e har(ul i( s%allo%ed.
May cause central nervous syste depression. May cause adverse reproductive e((ects "ased upon anial studies. May
cause liver and &idney daage. !auses severe eye and s&in irritation. Aspiration ha0ard i( s%allo%ed. !an enter lungs
and cause daage. !auses respiratory tract irritation. May "e har(ul i( a"sor"ed through the s&in.
Target Organ%: Alood' &idneys' central nervous syste' liver' eyes' ears. Boiling Point: ))8.7 deg !
Freezing/Melting Point:$., deg ! Molecular Formula:!152!1*3*!1*=1
Molecular Weigt:87.)* !emical Sta"ilit#: 4ta"le under noral teperatures and pressures.
!on$ition% to A&oi$: Incopati"le aterials' ignition sources' excess heat.
Incom'ati"ilitie% (it Oter Material%: =xidi0ing agents' reducing agents' acid chlorides' al&ali etals' aluinu'
copper' copper alloys' halogens' organic peroxides' acid anhydrides' chroiu trioxide' ineral acids.
)azar$ou% Decom'o%ition Pro$uct%: !ar"on onoxide' irritating and toxic (ues and gases' car"on dioxide.
)azar$ou% Pol#merization: #ill not occur.
FE++I! !)LO+IDE
Appearance: yello% to "ro%n. May cause liver and &idney daage. May cause central nervous syste e((ects. May cause
cardiac distur"ances. 1ygroscopic. Danger! !orrosive. !auses eye and s&in "urns. May cause severe respiratory tract
irritation %ith possi"le "urns. May cause severe digestive tract irritation %ith possi"le "urns. May "e har(ul i( s%allo%ed.
Target Organ%: Bidneys' central nervous syste' liver. Freezing/Melting Point:956 deg + Molecular
Formula:+e!l5.61*=
Molecular Weigt:*8,.*-67 !emical Sta"ilit#: 4ta"le at roo teperature in closed containers under noral storage
and handling conditions.
!on$ition% to A&oi$: 1igh teperatures' incopati"le aterials' oisture.
Incom'ati"ilitie% (it Oter Material%: =xidi0ing agents' allyl chloride' potassiu' sodiu.
)azar$ou% Decom'o%ition Pro$uct%: 1ydrogen chloride' chlorine' irritating and toxic (ues and gases' chloride (ues'
oxides o( iron.
LU!AS +EA5E,T
:ucas reagent is highly toxic and corrosive and should "e handled care(ully %hile conducting the experient. The toxicity
and corrosiveness arises as a result o( the constituents. 1ydrochloric acid can irritate the s&in. The vapors should not "e
inhaled as it ight a((ect the respiratory syste. Ginc !hloride is highly corrosive and ay cause daage to the s&in and
the respiratory syste.
Apart (ro the constituents the vapors o( the alcohol are slightly irritating to the eyes and nose. It should not "e inhaled as
it ay turn (atal.
MILLO,6S +EA5E,T
Mercuric Nitrate 2),7)9$89$93 5-H' Nitric Acid 286.8$58,$* 3 )-H' and #ater 2885*$)-$93 77H
!olorless li>uid %ith characteristic nitric acid odor. !orrosive li>uid' severe "ody tissue ha0ard. Avoid contact %ith any
"ody tissues. 1ighly toxic as ercury. Irritating to respiratory syste. Avoid inhalation
Avoid contact %ith ethyl alcohol' sul(ur and exposure to light.
S!)IFF6S +EA5E,T
4odiu eta"isul(ite $ 7H' 1ydrogen chloride $ ,.58H' #ater $ .7.6H' Aasic (uchsin $ )H
Potential Acute 1ealth E((ects: 1a0ardous in case o( ingestion' o( inhalation. 4lightly ha0ardous in case o( s&in contact
2corrosive' irritant' pereator3' o( eye contact 2irritant3
!orrosivity: !orrosive in presence o( steel' o( aluinu' o( copper. Non$corrosive in presence o( glass.
4pecial Rear&s on Reactivity: Reacts violently %ith %ater especially %hen %ater is added to the product. 21ydrogen
chloride3
MET)/LAMI,E
Appearance: clear' colorless. +lash Point: $)- deg !. Danger! May cause liver daage. May cause lung daage.
!orrosive. !auses eye and s&in "urns. May cause respiratory and digestive tract "urns. 1ar(ul i( inhaled or s%allo%ed.
Extreely (laa"le li>uid and vapor. ;apor ay cause (lash (ire. May "e har(ul i( a"sor"ed through the s&in.
Target Organ%: :iver' respiratory syste' eyes' s&in.
Boiling Point: 7- deg ! D 86, 1g
Freezing/Melting Point:$5- deg ! Molecular Formula:!19N
Molecular Weigt:5).,6 !emical Sta"ilit#: 4ta"le at roo teperature in closed containers under noral storage and
handling conditions.
!on$ition% to A&oi$: Ignition sources' excess heat' attac&s aluinu' copper' lead' tin' 0inc and alloys.
Incom'ati"ilitie% (it Oter Material%: Nitroethane' acids' oxidi0ing agents' chlorine' hypochlorite' halogenated
agents' ercury' copper' copper alloys' 0inc' 0inc alloys' aluinu' perchlorates.
)azar$ou% Decom'o%ition Pro$uct%: Nitrogen oxides' car"on onoxide' car"on dioxide' aonia and<or derivatives'
aines.
FO+MALDE)/DE
Appearance: not availa"le. +lash Point: 9, deg !. May cause allergic s&in reaction. May cause central nervous syste
depression. This su"stance has caused adverse reproductive and (etal e((ects in anials. May cause liver and &idney
daage. !annot "e ade non$poisonous. Potential cancer ha0ard. Respiratory sensiti0er. !ontains (oraldehye.
+laa"le li>uid and vapor. !auses eye and s&in irritation. !auses digestive and respiratory tract irritation. /anger@ May
"e (atal or cause "lindness i( s%allo%ed. ;apor har(ul.
Target Organ%: Bidneys' central nervous syste' liver. Aoiling Point: *)* deg +
+ree0ing<Melting Point:5* deg + !heical 4ta"ility: 4ta"le under noral teperatures and pressures.
!onditions to Avoid: Incopati"le aterials' ignition sources' excess heat' oxidi0ers.
Incopati"ilities %ith =ther Materials: 4trong oxidi0ing agents.
1a0ardous /ecoposition Products: !ar"on onoxide' oxides o( phosphorus' irritating and toxic (ues and gases'
car"on dioxide' toxic (ues o( sodiu oxide.
A!ETI! A,)/D+IDE
Appearance: colorless li>uid. +lash Point: )*6 deg +. Danger! !orrosive. !auses digestive and respiratory tract "urns.
Flamma"le li3ui$ an$ &a'or4 May "e har(ul i( s%allo%ed. May cause central nervous syste depression. !auses eye
and s&in "urns. 1ar(ul i( inhaled. Moisture sensitive.
Target Organ%: !entral nervous syste' eyes' s&in' ucous e"ranes.
Boiling Point: )58 deg ! Molecular Formula:!716=5
Molecular Weigt:),*.,. !emical Sta"ilit#: 4ta"le. 1o%ever' ay decopose i( exposed to oist air or %ater.
4u"stance is readily hydroly0ed. Reacts %ith %ater to (or corresponding acid.
!on$ition% to A&oi$: Ignition sources' contact %ith %ater' excess heat' exposure to oist air or %ater.
Incom'ati"ilitie% (it Oter Material%: 4trong oxidi0ing agents' strong reducing agents' "ases' alcohols' etal
po%ders' oisture.
)azar$ou% Decom'o%ition Pro$uct%: !ar"on onoxide' irritating and toxic (ues and gases' car"on dioxide.
SALI!/LI! A!ID
Appearance: %hite. Warning! !ontact %ith s&in causes irritation and possi"le "urns' especially i( the s&in is %et or oist.
:ight sensitive. Moisture sensitive. May "e har(ul i( s%allo%ed. May cause central nervous syste e((ects. !auses
severe eye irritation. May cause reproductive and (etal e((ects. !auses digestive and respiratory tract irritation.
Target Organ%: Bidneys' central nervous syste' pancreas. Boiling Point: *)) deg ! D *,.,, 1g
Freezing/Melting Point:)9- $ )6, deg ! Molecular Formula:!816=5
Molecular Weigt:)5-.)* !emical Sta"ilit#: 4ta"le under noral teperatures and pressures. Moisture sensitive.
:ight sensitive. /ar&ens on exposure to light.
!on$ition% to A&oi$: 1igh teperatures' incopati"le aterials' light' oisture' strong oxidants.
Incom'ati"ilitie% (it Oter Material%: =xidi0ing agents' lead acetate' iron salts' al&alis' iodine' spirit nitrous ether.
)azar$ou% Decom'o%ition Pro$uct%: !ar"on onoxide' irritating and toxic (ues and gases' car"on dioxide.
)azar$ou% Pol#merization: #ill not occur.
EXPERIMENT .
SODIUM ,IT+ITE
Appearance: %hite to light yello% crystals.
Danger! May "e (atal i( inhaled. 4trong oxidi0er. !ontact %ith other aterial ay cause a (ire. 1ar(ul i( s%allo%ed.
!auses eye' s&in' and respiratory tract irritation. May cause etheoglo"ineia. This su"stance has caused adverse
reproductive and (etal e((ects in anials. Air sensitive. 1ygroscopic 2a"sor"s oisture (ro the air3.
Target Organ%: Alood' cardiovascular syste' sooth uscle.
Boiling Point: 5*, deg !
Freezing/Melting Point:*8) deg ! Molecular Formula:NaN=*
Molecular Weigt:6.
!emical Sta"ilit#: 4ta"le at roo teperature in closed containers under noral storage and handling conditions.
Fnsta"le i( heated' ay explode at teperatures greater than 9556!.
!on$ition% to A&oi$: Ignition sources' dust generation' exposure to air' exposure to oist air or %ater' teperatures
a"ove 5*,6!.
Incom'ati"ilitie% (it Oter Material%: Reducing agents' acids' aines' chlorates' peranganates' cyanides 2e.g.
potassiu cyanide' sodiu cyanide3' etals as po%ders 2e.g. ha(niu' raney nic&el3' hypophosphites' sul(ites' tannic
acid' organic atter' antipyrine' aoniu salts' acetanilide' iodides' ercury salts' oisture' air' activated car"on'
vegeta"le astringents.
)azar$ou% Decom'o%ition Pro$uct%: =xides o( nitrogen' irritating and toxic (ues and gases.
)azar$ou% Pol#merization: #ill not occur.
STA+!) IODIDE
Potential Acute 1ealth E((ects: 1a0ardous in case o( s&in contact 2irritant3' o( eye contact 2irritant3' o( ingestion.
Incopati"ility %ith various su"stances: 4lightly reactive to reactive %ith oxidi0ing agents' etals.
!orrosivity: Non$corrosive in presence o( glass' o( copper' o( stainless steel25,73' o( stainless steel25)63.
4pecial Rear&s on Reactivity: Incopati"le %ith cyanides' sul(ides 2Ginc chloride3