Also known as Buergers Disease

THROMBOANGIITIS
OBLITERANS
Thromboangiitis Obliterans
A nonatherosclerotic vascular disease
Characterized by the absence or minimal
presence of atheromas, segmental
vascular inflammation, vaso-occlusive
phenomena, and involvement of small and
medium-sized arteries and veins of the
upper and lower extremities.
Strongly associated with heavy tobacco
use, and progression of the disease is
closely linked to continued use.
Signs and Symptoms
Acute and chronic inflammation and
thrombosis of arteries and veins of the
hands and feet
Pain in the affected areas (claudication)
Increases sensitivity to cold
Peripheral pulses are diminishes or absent
There are color changes in extremity
Ulcerations and gangrene in the
extremities

Diagnostic Procedures
Angiograms of the upper and lower.

Collateral circulation gives "tree root" or
"spider leg" appearance.

Angiograms may also show occlusions
(blockages) or stenosis (narrowings) in
multiple areas of both the arms and legs.
Treatment and Managemnet
Smoking cessation has shown to slow
the progression of the disease and
decrease the severity of amputation in
most patients, but does not halt the
progression.
Despite the clear presence of inflammation
in this disorder, anti-inflammatory agents
such as steroids have not been shown to
be beneficial. Similarly, strategies of
anticoagulant have not proven effective.

Nursing Management
1. Positioning

2. Clothing

3. Prevention

4. Weight

5. Exercise

6. Diet