Niels Bohr

t n r = 2
t 2
h
n rp =
Conditia de stationaritate pe orbita:
Cuantificarea momentului cinetic:
2
0
2 2 2
4
0
1
8 n
E
n h
e m
E
n
= =
c
E
0
= - 13.6 eV
Energia nivelelor Bohr (atomul de hidrogen)
Tranzitii intre nivelel Bohr
n k

v
hc
h
k n
E E E
n k
= =
|
.
|

\
|
=
2 2
0
1 1
Excitare/dezexcitare
MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF NUCLEUS
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a phenomenon in which the
nucleus in a magnetic field absorbs and re-emits electromagnetic
radiation (emr).
Electronic magnetism:
m, s, m
S
;
the electron in the magnetic field behaves like a
dipole
orbital motion of electrons
Nuclear magnetism:
nucleus acts like a dipole in magnetic field
I = nuclear quantum number (the spin of the nucleus)

= angular momentum

For a nucleus with I#0,
is associated with a non-zero magnetic
moment:
= gyromagnetic ratio
The principle of NMR involves two steps:

1. The alignment (polarization) of the magnetic nuclear spins in an
applied, constant magnetic field B
0

2. The perturbation of this alignment of the nuclear spins by
employing a radio frequency (RF) magnetic field. The required
perturbing frequency is dependent upon the static magnetic field (B
0
)
and the nuclei of observation.
Proton in magnetic field B
0
:
By irradiation of the nucleus with a radio-frequency magnetic field B,
resonance phenomena occurs when:
MRI provides good contrast for soft tissues compared with
other medical imaging techniques such as CT.