10th Important Notes History and

Political Science Democracy

Democracy :
The term democracy refers to the rule of people either by
themselves (Direct Democracy) or through their elected
representatives (Indirect Democracy). Democracy is a way of life
that respects the freedom of citizens, protects to the minorities
and grants fundamental rights to the people. It is operated by
means of tree and fair elections, conducted by an autonomous
Election Commission, periodically. It is put into operation by
political parties who put up candidates. Every eligible citizen,
under the principle of universal adult franchise has right to vote.
The government is voted in and voted out at periodical elections.
Since it is not feasible to practise direct democracy, it is indirect or
representative in modern states.
Parliamentary Democracy :
This form of democracy originated in England; wherein the King /
Queen is the titular head and the powers are exercised by the
Council of Ministers, headed by the Prime Minister. The leader of
the majority party / alliance in the elected house is appointed as
the Prime Minister. The Council of Ministers is collectively
responsible to the legislature and can be removed by passing a
vote of no-confidence. India, too, has adopted parliamentary
system.
Presidential democracy :
This system originated in the USA and is based on the principle of
separation of powers. The President is the head of the state as
well as the government. He is directly elected by the citizens for a
specific period. There is no provision for his removal by passing a
vote of no-confidence. However, he can be impeached for the
violation of the Constitution by the American Congress. France
has semi-Presidential system.
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