Nidung 1

LI M U
Bia l loi nc gii kht ln men c cn thp (hm lng ru khong

3,5% - 5,5% tuy thuc vo tng loi sn phm), c ga (hm lng CO 2 khong 4,5 5,5 gam/lt), ngoi ra bia cn cha mt s cht c gi tr dinh dng cao. Hng v
c trng ca bia l nh cht chit t malt i mch v hoa houblon. Cc cht
mt phn c gi li, mt phn bin i qua qu trnh ln men to ra ru Etylic,
CO2 v cc sn phm ph cng vi cc cht ph gia to hng v hi ho cho bia.
Thnh phn chnh ch yu ca bia l nc chim khong 80 - 90% cn li
ru chim 3 - 6%, CO2 khong 0,4 - 0,5%... Ngoi ra trong bia cn cha mt
lng vitamin B1, B2 Bia cung cp mt lng gi tr dinh dng ln tt cho c
th. c bit trong bia cn cha mt lng CO2 nm di dng lin kt v t do
nn khi ung vo c th c tc dng thu nhit lm gim nhanh cn kht, hn na
hm lng cn thp trong bia c kh nng kch thch tiu ho ca d dy.
Lch s v pht trin ca ngnh bia ra i cch y 7000 nm trc cng
nguyn, nhng ngi dn bit sn xut bia t malt i mch. Cng ngh ny
c lan truyn n Ai Cp, Ba T, cc nc ln cn ri trn xung pha Nam.
Ngy nay mt s b phn ca Ethyopia vn cn sn xut bia theo phng php ny
ca ngi dn Babilon.
Ngy nay khoa hc k thut pht trin vi tc nhanh, cng vi s pht
trin ca khoa hc k thut, cng ngh sinh hc ngy cng pht trin v chim v tr
quan trng trong tng lai. Trong cng ngh ln men ni chung, k thut sn xut
bia ni ring trn th gii c nhng bc nhy vt v k thut cng ngh cng
nh sn lng ngy cng cao p ng c nhu cu ca x hi mt cch hp l
.Cc nc c sn lng bia ln nh: c, M , an Mchc bit l c v M
mi nm sn xut trn 10 t lt v c 25 nc sn xut trn 1 t lt/nm. Sn lng
bnh qun u ngi/nm ca mt s nc nh c khong 180 - 220
lt/ngi/nm. Tip Khc khong 160 - 180 lt/ngi/nm. T nhng con s trn
cho chng ta thy nhu cu s dng loi ung ny l rt cao.
nc ta hin nay, ngnh sn xut bia khng mi tuy nhin nhng nng lc
sn xut ca cc nh my trong nc vn cha p ng ht nhu cu ngy cng tng
nhanh ca ngi tiu dng, c th l trong nm 2013, theo Hip hi Bia ru nc
gii kht Vit Nam (VBA) sn lng sn xut bia ton ngnh t 2,9 t lt, tng gn
2,5%; sn lng bia tiu th t trn 3 t lt, tng gn 12%, nh vy c th thy
mc tng trng gia nhu cu tiu th v sn lng c s chnh lch kh ln, c
th nhu mc tng trng ca nhu cu ln hn 9,5% so vi mc tng trng ca sn
lng sn xut c ca ton ngnh. Min Nam c Tng cng ty Bia Ru NGK
Si Gn vi nng sut khong trn 1,7 t lt/nm. Min Bc c Tng cng ty Bia
Ru NGK H Ni nng sut 916 t lt /nm, ngoi ra cn c cc nh my va v
nh cc tnh nh: Hu, Nng, Thanh Ho, Ngh An, Nam inh Qung Bnh
Tuy nhin sn lng ny vn ang cn kh thp so vi quy hoch ca B Cng
Thng, theo n nm 2015 Vit Nam s sn xut v tiu th 4,2 - 4,4 t lt bia,
bnh qun 45 - 47 lt/ngi/nm. Mi nm sau , mc bnh qun mi ngi Vit
tiu th bia s t 60 - 70 lt/nm.
Xut pht t mc tiu thc tin, mc tiu ra v li ch ca vic pht trin
cng ngh sn xut bia th thy rng vic xy dng cc nh my bia c c cu t
chc cht ch, c trang b hin i nhm cung cp cho ngi tiu dng loi sn
phm c cht lng nhng gi thnh hp l l rt cn thit. Vic xy dng nh my
bia c cng xut 20 triu lt/ nm l ph hp vi tnh hnh pht trin nc ta v
thun li cho sn xut, lp t v vn hnh thit b trong y chuyn sn xut.
n tt nghip ca chng em c nhim v l thit k phn xng nu bia
vi nng xut 600 lt dch ng/ngy. Bao gm:
Phn I.
Phn II.
Phn III.
Phn IV.
Phn V.
Phn VI.
Lp lun kinh t k thut - xy dng.

Chn v thuyt minh dy chuyn cng ngh.
Tnh cn bng sn phm.
Tnh chn thit b sn xut v thit b v sinh nh xng.
Tnh nhit-hi-nc lnh.
Tnh in nng tnh kch thc phn xng nu.
LI CM N
ii
Trc tin, chng em xin gi li cm n chn thnh, su sc ti cc thy, c

gio trong trng i hc Cng Nghip Thc Phm TP. H Ch Minh ni chung v
cc thy, c gio trong khoa Cng ngh Thc phm ni ring tn tnh ging dy,
truyn t cho chng em nhng kin thc, kinh nghim qu bu cho chng em
trong sut thi gian hc tp ti trng.
c bit, chng em xin gi li cm n n thy Phan Vnh Hng, thy tn
tnh gip , trc tip ch bo, hng dn chng em trong sut qu trnh lm n
tt nghip ny. Trong thi gian lm vic vi thy, em v bn ca mnh khng ngng
tip thu thm nhiu kin thc b ch m cn hc tp c tinh thn lm vic, thi
nghin cu khoa hc nghim tc, hiu qu ca thy, y l nhng iu rt qu bu
v cn thit cho chng em trong qu trnh hc tp v lm vic sau ny.
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n!
iii
LI NHN XT CA GING VIN HNG DN

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iv
LI NHN XT CA GING VIN PHN BIN

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MC LC
PHN I. LP LUN KINH T K THUT XY DNG....................................................1
I.
ngha thnh lp phn xng.........................................................................1

1.
Gii thiu v bia:...................................................................................... 1
2.
Tnh hnh sn xut bia trn th gii................................................................2
3.
Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th bia Vit Nam...................................................2
4.
Vai tr ca bia trong i sng.......................................................................3
II.
Chn a im xy dng nh my.....................................................................4
Khu cng nghip Loteco................................................................................ 5
PHN II. CHN V THUYT MINH DY CHUYN CNG NGH..................................7

A.
THNH PHN V CC CH TIU NGUYN LIU...........................................7

I.
Nguyn liu chnh..................................................................................... 7
II.
Nguyn liu ph...................................................................................... 17
B.
CHN V THUYT MINH DY CHUYN CNG NGH................................19

I.
Chn quy trnh cng ngh..........................................................................19
II.
Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh................................................................22
PHN III. TNH CN BNG SN PHM..............................................................................37

I.
Lp k hoch sn xut.................................................................................. 37
II.
Tnh cn bng sn phm cho 1 m...................................................................37

2.1.
Tnh lng dch qua cc cng on...........................................................38
2.2.
Tnh nguyn liu malt v go...................................................................39
2.3.
Tnh khi lng b m...........................................................................40
2.4.
Tnh lng hoa houblon cn dng............................................................40
2.5.
Tnh nc.......................................................................................... 42
2.6.
Tnh b hoa v b lng..........................................................................45
PHN IV. TNH CHN THIT B SN XUT V THIT B V SINH NH XNG. .47
I.
Tnh chn thit b h ha..............................................................................47
II.
Tnh chn thit b ng ha.........................................................................48
III.
Tnh v chn thit b lc............................................................................49
IV.
Tnh v chn thit b nu hoa......................................................................50
V.
VI.
Tnh v chn thng lng lng trong.................................................................51

Tnh v chn thit b lm lnh nhanh............................................................52
vi
VII.
Tnh v chn thng nc nng....................................................................52
VIII.
Tnh v chn h thng CIP.........................................................................53
PHN V. TNH NHIT-HI-NC LNH............................................................................55

I.
Tnh nhit v hi cp cho qu trnh h ha........................................................55
II.
Tnh nhit v hi cp cho qu trnh ng ha...................................................58
III.
Tnh nhit v hi cp cho qu trnh nu hoa....................................................62
IV.
Tnh nhit v hi cp cho thit b un nc nng.............................................64

Tnh h thng lnh...................................................................................... 66
V.
VI.
Tnh in nng........................................................................................... 69
I.
II.
Tnh nc dng cho phn xng nu............................................................68
1.
Tnh ph ti chiu sng.............................................................................69
2.
Tnh ph ti ng lc............................................................................... 70
3.
Tnh ph ti tnh ton............................................................................... 71
4.
Tnh cng sut v dung lng b.................................................................72
5.
Chn my bin p.................................................................................... 73

Tnh kch thc phn xng nu....................................................................73
Ti liu tham kho.......................................................................................................................75
vii
DANH MC CC BNG
STT
Trang
Bng 1. Cc ch tiu cht lng ca nc dng trong sn xut bia.........................8

Bng 2. So snh thnh phn ha hc ca i mch v Malt i mch. (Tnh theo %
trng lng cht kh)..............................................................................................9
Bng 3. Ch tiu ha l v c hc ca Malt i mch...........................................11
Bng 4. Bng ch tiu nh gi cht lng go.....................................................12
Bng 5. Ch tiu hoa Houblon...............................................................................13
Bng 6. Ch tiu houblon cho sn xut...................................................................15
Bng 7. Nhm cc cht ph gia s dng trong nh my.......................................17
Bng 8. Thng s k thut nguyn liu.................................................................37
Bng 9. Phn trm tn tht nguyn liu qua cc cng on..................................37
Bng 10. Tnh lng dch bia qua 3 cng on cui.............................................38
Bng 11. Tn tht qua cc cng on khi lm lnh...............................................40
Bng 12. Bng cn bng vt cht ca bia chai 120Bx...........................................46
Bng 13. Tn tht lng nc bay hi v lng dch cc giai on nhit.........55
Bng 14. Tn tht lng nc bay hi v lng dch cc giai on nhit.........58
Bng 15. Bng tnh cng sut ph ti sn xut....................................................70
viii
DANH MC CC HNH
STT
Trang
Hnh 1. Nguyn liu Malt i mch........................................................................8

Hnh 2. Hnh th liu go......................................................................................12
Hnh 3. Houblon vin............................................................................................14
Hnh 4. Houblon cao.............................................................................................15
Hnh 5. S quy trnh sn xut dch ng........................................................21
ix
PHN I. LP LUN KINH T K THUT XY DNG
I.
ngha thnh lp phn xng
1. Gii thiu v bia:

Bia l mt loi nc gii kht kh ph bin, c tiu th rng ri trn khp
th gii v c lch s pht trin rt lu i. T thi xa xa, ngi Babilon sn
xut bia t qu trnh ln men bnh m m. Cch y khong 5000 nm, ngi Ai
Cp c i s dng la mch sn xut bia. Bia tr thnh mt thc phm
quan trng trong cc ba n king hng ngy ca ngi Ai Cp lc . Ngi Hy
Lp hc cch sn xut bia t ngi Ai Cp. Cc b tc ca c bit sn xut
bia t lu trc khi c s xm chim ca ch La M. Ban u ngi ta s dng
cc loi tho mc v gia v khc vo vic sn xut bia. Tuy nhin vo khong 1000
nm trc cng nguyn bia mi thm nhp vo cc tu vin v cc tu s s dng
hoa houblon thay cho cc tho mc vo qu trnh sn xut bia. Bia tht s c tr
nn ph bin nh vo cc tu vin. Cc tu s l nhng ngi u tin xy dng cc
nh my bia. H cung cp ni , thc n v bia cho nhng ngi i hnh hng v
nhng ngi i du lch. Cho n gia th k XVI, bia ch c sn xut ch yu
trong cc gia nh v cn cha mang tnh thng mi. T nm 1833, nh cc
nghin cu ca Pasteur v qu trnh ln men ru vang, Hansen ngh phng
php nhn ging nm men t mt t bo thun khit ban u trong canh trng.
n nm 1881 1883 nm men c a vo s dng sn xut bia ln u tin
an Mch. T n nay ngnh cng nghip bia ngy cng c hon thin,
pht trin v t c nhiu thnh tu rc r.
Bia l sn phm ca qu trnh ln men ethanol t dch nha, khng qua chng
ct, dch nha c nu t malt i mch, cc ht giu tinh bt, protein(nh go,
ng, i mch,), hoa houblon v nc.
2. Tnh hnh sn xut bia trn th gii

Sn lng bia trn th gii hn 120 t lt / nm. c bit cc nc pht
trin t l lng bia tieu th bnh qun u ngi l rt cao. in hnh l CHLB c
: 170L/nm. C nhiu hng bia hng u th gii nh:
Anheuser busch (M)

Heineken (H Lan)
Miller (M)
Kirin (Nht)
Fosters (c)
Danone (Php)
Carlsberg (an mch)
Brahma ( brazin)
Gruiness (Anh)
SAB ( Nam Phi)
3. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th bia Vit Nam
Hin ti c nc c khong 20 nh my bia c nng sut ln( trn 50 triu

lit/nm). Cn li l cc nh my bia c nng sut nh 20 triu lit/ nm v 10 triu
lit/nm.( kh thng k do nhiu nh my a phng khng tham gia Hip Hi Bia
Ru Vit Nam)
Theo Hip Hi, hin nay tng cng sut ca cc nh my bia trong c nc
ln ti 2,9 t lt/nm. Ring 10 tnh min Trung l trn 500 triu lt. Nhng mt
s a phng vn ang chun b trin khai nhng d n sn xut bia tng i ln,
quy m t 100 n 150 triu lt/nm.
T cc thng tin trn ta thy nhu cu th trng cho vic tiu th bia trong
nc l kh ln, l cha k n tim nng xut khu sang cc nc trong khu
vc. Mt s cng ty sn xut bia trong nc hin ang c k hoch tng nng sut,
m rng quy m sn xut.
Cng ty Bia Hu ang c k hoch tng nng sut ln 100 triu lt/nm v
bn cnh l hp tc vi nh my Bia ng H (Qung Tr) tng nng sut ca
nh my ny ln 30 triu lt/nm. Ti Ngh An mt d n sn xut bia vi nng sut
trn 100 triu lt/nm sp i vo hot ng.
Mt nh sn xut bia ln trong nc l Tng Cng ty Bia - Ru - Nc gii

kht Si Gn (Sabeco) cng ang chun b tng cng sut trn c s hin c v xy
dng c s mi, vi nng sut tng thm khong 100 triu lt/nm v d kin tng
ln 200 triu lit/ nm trong vi nm ti.
Vit Nam, hin nay, lng bia tiu th trn 3 t lt/ nm. Vy bnh qun
u ngi cha n 32 lt/ nm. Thua xa cc nc Chu nh Nht, Trung Quc
nu so vi cc nc chu u th cn km xa na. Theo quy hoch ca B Cng
Thng, theo n nm 2015 Vit Nam s sn xut v tiu th 4,2 - 4,4 t lt bia,
bnh qun 45 - 47 lt/ngi/nm. Mi nm sau , mc bnh qun mi ngi Vit
tiu th bia s t 60 - 70 lt/nm.
Trc tnh hnh chung ca vic sn xut bia trong c nc, nhu cu ca
ngi tiu dng v quy hoch ca B Cng thng, th d n thit k phn xng
nu bia c nng sut 600 lt /ngy, cung cp nguyn liu chun b cho qu trnh
ln men cc nh my bia nhm tng sn lng cho cc nh my, cung cp cho th
trng tiu th ch yu ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh v cc tnh ln cn trong khu
vc min ng Nam B, khu vc ng bng sng Cu Long v cc tnh min
Trung, l hon ton ph hp vi nhu cu thc t ca nc ta.
4. Vai tr ca bia trong i sng
So vi cc loi thc ung khc bia c nhiu u im nh:
-
So vi cc loi ru ung th bia c nng cn rt thp (2 6%). Do
nu s dng bia ng mc s gip c th cm thy thoi mi, d chu v tng sc

lc cho c th.
- So vi tr, c ph th bia khng c cha cc kim loi c hi.
Bia l ngun cung cp nng lng cho c th, 1 lt bia c th cung cp cho
c th 400 800 KCal.
Vi hm lng CO2 kh cao (4 5g/l), bia gip c th gim nhanh cn kht,
kch thch qu trnh tiu ha tt hn.
Khong 80% cht ha tan trong bia l glucid, 8 10% l cc hp cht cha
nit, 3 4% l cc cht khong. Ngoi ra trong bia cn c cht cht, cht ng,
glycerin, acid hu c, mt s vitamin nh B1, B2, PP.
Ngoi ra, nhng nghin cu gn y nhn thy rng nu ung mt lng bia
va phi mi ngy th s c tc dng tt cho tim mch v no, gip c th hng
phn hn v hiu qu lm vic cao hn.
Nh c nhng u im ny m bia c sn xut khp ni trn th gii vi
sn lng v cht lng ngy cng c nng cao.
II.
Chn a im xy dng nh my
a im chn xy dng nh my l ti khu cng nghip Loteco, ta lc
ti Thnh ph Bin Ha - thuc tnh ng Nai. Tnh ng Nai nm trong a bn

kinh t trng im pha Nam l trng im u t ca chnh ph. Trung tm ca
tnh l Thnh ph Bin Ha, cch TP. H Ch Minh 30 km v pha Ty, mt trung
tm Kinh t - Khoa hc K thut - Vn ho Gio dc ln ca c nc.
ng Nai l tnh thuc min ng Nam B, c din tch 5.862,37 km 2 chim
1,76% din tch t nhin c nc v 25,5% din tch t nhin vng ng Nam B.
ng Nai c h thng giao thng rt thun li vi cc quc l 1, 51, 20 vi tng
chiu di 244,5 km v ang c m rng nng cp theo tiu chun ng cp I,
II ng bng (Quc l 1, 51), cp III ng bng (Quc l 20) c nhiu tuyn ng
lin tnh, tuyn ng st Bc - Nam v h thng cc cng ng Nai cng vi
cng TP. H Ch Minh, B Ra - Vng Tu v sn bay quc t Tn Sn Nht....
p ng tt cho nhu cu lu thng hng ho.
ng Nai nm trong vng pht trin kinh t trng im pha Nam:
-
ng gip tnh Bnh Thun.

ng Bc gip tnh Lm ng.
Ty Bc gip tnh Bnh Dng v Bnh Phc.
Nam gip tnh B Ra - Vng Tu.
Ty gip TP. H Ch Minh.
Khu cng nghip Loteco

- Din tch: 200 ha, 100 ha dng cho giai on u gm c 40 ha ca khu ch
xut trong khu cng nghip. Din tch dng cho thu 72 ha.
- V tr: Phng Long Bnh, TP Bin Ha.
- Kt cu h tng: Giao thng ni b v mng thot nc hon chnh. H
thng ng ni b:
o ng chnh rng 32 m, cc ng ni b tiu chun rng 28 m v

24 m.
o Kh nng chu ti ln ti 50 tn/m2.
-
Kt cu a cht: t xy dng chu c ti trng 10 tn/m 2 trong phm vi
tiu chun su di mt t cho xy dng nh xng (cao t nn: t 1 m

1.5 m), nn t ph hp cho mi loi ngnh ngh kinh doanh. Nn t vng chc
nn tit kim chi ph xy dng khi u t vo LOTECO.
-
Cp in: trm bin p 3,2 MW, in li quc gia 6 MW. S nng ln
40MVA.
- Cp nc: 6.000 m3/ngy t Cng ty cp nc ng Nai (vi cng sut
30.000m3/ngy) v nh my nc Thin Tn (vi cng sut 100.000m3/ngy) v
mt thp nc vi sc cha 300m3 t ti Khu Cng Nghip. p ng theo nhu
cu.
-
Thng tin lin lc: thun tin trong v ngoi nc. 600 line in thoi ni
ht v quc t lun sn sng phc v vi tc ng truyn ADSL. Dch v

ton cu sut 24/24 gi.
- X l cht thi lng: S dng h thng x l vi sinh hin i vi cng ngh
x l ca B. trong trng hp nc thi cng nghip t cc nh my trong Khu
Cng Nghip khng ph hp vi tiu chun cn phi x l ni b trc khi x vo
h thng x l nc thi tp trung ca Khu Cng Nghip. Nh my x l hin hu
vi cng sut 2.500m3/ngy v ang xy dng mt nh my x l nc thi tp
trung th 2 vi cng ngh ca Chu u v M cng sut ln ti 8.000m3/ ngy.
- H thng thot nc ma: Hon thin vi h thng ng ng c lp t
ngm dc theo cc con ng s dn nc ma x trc tip ra sui Cha, sau ra
sng ng Nai.
- Gi thu t v ph s dng h tng : tha thu n vo khong 40USD/m2/50
nm.
-
Gi in : 0,075 KWh
Gi nc : 0,333 USD/m3
Gi x l nc thi : 0,28 USD/m3
Ph qun l : c g p vo ph s dng h tng.
Hnh thc thanh ton : tha thu n.
Tng s d n/quc gia u t : 38/7
Quc gia u t chnh : Hn Quc, Nh t Bn.

Th tc hnh chnh : Thu n ti n, nhanh gn, dch v "m t ca" ti Ban
Qun l cc KCN ng Nai (DIZA)

- Ngnh ngh thu hut u t : my tnh in t v cc thit b ngoi vi; ch
to v lp rp cc sn phm c kh, in, in t, dy dn, dy cp; ch to ph tng
t v cc phng tin vn ti; ch to xe gn my v cc ph tng; cng nghip
dt, may, da, giy,
- Thng tin khc : Hi n nay t l t cho thu t 61% di n tch t dnh cho
thu, c s h tng c xy dng tt p ng nhu cu cho nh u t.
PHN II. CHN V THUYT MINH DY CHUYN CNG

NGH
A. THNH PHN V CC CH TIU NGUYN LIU
I.
Nguyn liu chnh

Bia c sn xut t cc nguyn liu chnh l Malt i mch, hoa houblon v
nc. h gi thnh sn phm hoc sn xut mt s loi bia thch hp hp vi th

hiu ngi tiu dng bn cnh Malt i mch ngi ta cn dng thm mt s
nguyn liu thay th khc nh: bt go, bt ng, ng mun bia sn xut ra t
cht lng th cc nguyn liu phi t yu cu k thut nht nh
1. Nc
Ta bit rng bia thnh phm c hm lng nc chim 88-90%, hm lng
cc cht ha tan trong dch ng trc lc ln men l 10-12%. Nh vy, trong bia
thnh phm nc l ch yu, vy nc c vai tr v cng quan trng, n l mt
trong nhng nguyn liu chnh sn xut bia.
Trong qu trnh sn xut bia ngoi vic cung cp cho cc khu sn xut nh
phi trn nguyn liu, h ha, ng ha, nc ra bth nc s dng mt
lng ln cho vic v sinh thit b v nh xng. Thnh phn ha hc v cht lng
ca nc cn nh hng trc tip n bia thnh phm. Do vic ci to, x l
nc c thnh phm v tnh cht thch hp vi tng mc ch s dng trong sn
xut bia l iu cn thit. Nc dng trong sn xut bia phi c cht lng cao hn
nc ung hng ngy.
Nu nc cha sinh vt l, cc tp cht hu c th cht lng bia s thay i.
trong bia s xut hin mi l nh mi mc mi chua.
Cc loi mui cacbonat c trong nc s ha tan cht ng trong v Malt,
lm cho bia c v kh chu.
Mt phn nc dng trong sn xut bia l v sinh nh xng, nc dng
trong qu trnh ny khng i hi phi c cht lng cao.
Bng 1. Cc ch tiu cht lng ca nc dng trong sn xut bia

STT
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7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ch tiu
Mu sc
Mi
Mc ch tiu
Nc sch, trong, t cht hu c
Khng c mi v l, khng cha cht gy
cng tm thi
cng vnh cu
pH
Hm lng mui CO32Hm lng mui Mg
Hm lng mui Clo
Hm lng mui CaSO4
Hm lng mui st
Vi sinh vt
Cc kim loi nng
Vi sinh vt gy bnh
mi nh H2S, NH3, Clo

< 7mg ng lng/lt
0,4-0,7 mg ng lng/lt
6,5-7,5
< 50 mg/lt
<100 mg/lt
70-150 mg/lt
150-200 mg/lt
< 0,3 mg/lt
< 10 cm/lt
Khng c
Khng c
2. Malt ai mch
Malt i mch l nguyn liu
chnh sn xut cc loi bia, qu trnh
quan trng nht m qua ht i mch
tr thnh ht Malt l s ny mm. To
iu kin thch hp v nhit , m
ca mi trng cho phi pht trin, h
enzyme trong ht i mch gii phng
Hnh 1. Nguyn liu Malt i mch
khi trng thi lin kt tr thnh trng
Hinh 1
thi t do. H enzyme: amylaza, proteaza, sitaza,ny s l ng lc ch yu

phn tch cc hp cht protit v gluxit cao phn t trong ni nh a ht thnh
nhng sn phm thp phn t (ch yu l ng n gin). Dextrin loi thp, axit
amin, albumoza pepton v nhiu cht khc ha tan bn vng vo nc tr thnh
cht chit ca dch ng. Sau qu trnh ny mm em sy kh tch r, lm sch ta
c Malt phc v ch yu cho ngnh sn xut bia.
i mch thuc ging Hordeum sativum - jessen, thuc nhm Spermophyta,

phn nhm Angiospermae, lp mt l mm, h la m.
i mch thuc h ng cc vng n i, gm c loi 2 hng v 6 hng
nhng ch c loi 2 hng l c dng sn xut bia do ht c kch thc ln v
tng i ng nht cng nh c cc thnh phn ha hc cn i thch hp cho
cng ngh sn xut bia. Cn i mch 6 hng c dng ch yu lm thc n cho
gia sc v gia cm.
Bng 2. So snh thnh phn ha hc ca i mch v Malt i mch. (Tnh theo %
trng lng cht kh)
Thnh phn
Tinh bt
i mch
63 65
Malt i mch
58 60
12
35
0,1 0,2
34
Hemicellulose
8 10
68
Cellulose
45
Lipid
23
23
Protein
8 11
8 11
Acid amin v peptit
34
34
Cc hp cht khc
56
67
2,2
ng sacharose
ng kh
Cc ng khc
Tro
C cc h enzyme quan trng nh sau:

H thng enzyme amylase:
H thng enzyme ny gm c: -amylase, -amylase v amilophosphatase,
phn ln chng tp trung phi mm v mt t c phn b phn di ca ni
nh hoc trong mng ngn gia v tru v ni nh.
Vi enzyme -amylase thy phn tinh bt v destrin, t to ra sn phm
l maltose v cc destrin mch ngn. Enzyme ny hot ng ti u pH opt = 5.8, topt

= 72 - 76 oC.
-
Vi enzyme -amylase, n c trong ht i mch dng lin kt cng nh
dng t do, nhng trong qu trnh m mm hot tnh ca enzyme ny s tng dn.
Vi s tham gia ca enzyme ny, tinh bt i mch s b phn ct thnh ng
maltose. Enzyme ny hot ng ti u pHopt = 5.5 - 5.8, topt = 62 - 65oC.
H thng enzyme protease:
Trong ht i mch, ton b h thng enzyme ny trng thi lin kt, hu

nh khng hot ng. Nhng khi chuyn qua giai on m mm th hot tnh
chung ca h enzyme protease tng nhanh.
-
Proteinase: s tn cng ln cc phn t protein nguyn thy to ra
cc sn phm trung gian nh: pepton, peptit, polypeptit, vi pH opt = 5.1, topt =
50 -55oC.
-
Peptidase: n s phn ct cc peptit c sn trong ht i mch v
nhng peptit trong Malt do proteinase phn gii to thnh cc acid amin
trong ht Malt, vi pHopt = 7.3 - 7.9, topt = 40 - 45oC.
-
Amidase: chng s tn cng cc mui amit hnh thnh NH 3 v acid
amin, gp phn lm thay i tnh cht v hm lng ca protein trong ht

Malt, cc enzyme amidase c pHopt = 7.3 - 8.0, topt = 45 - 50oC.
H thng enzyme esterase (phosphatase):
H thng enzyme esterase (phosphatase) gm c: saccharophosphatase,
phytase, glyxerophosphatase, nucleotidase tham gia thc y v xc tc cho cc
qu trnh ester ho trong qu trnh ny mm.
-
Phytase: ph mi lin kt este ca phytin v gii phng ra ru inozit v axit
phosphoric t do. Phytase c pHopt = 5.0 - 5.5, topt = 40 - 50oC.

-
Cc
enzyme
khc
nh:
saccharophosphatase,
glyxerophosphatase,
nucleotidase s ph cc lin kt ester tng ng ca cc hp cht hu c c cha

phosphate v gii phng ra acid phosphoric t do.
10
Ch tiu cm quan
C mu vng sng, c mi thm nh c trng, khng c mi v l.
Khng b mi mt, khng b mc.
Khng ln tp cht, ht khng b v, b bnh.
Ht ny mm u, khi nhm c v ngt.
Bng 3. Ch tiu ha l v c hc ca Malt i mch
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Ch tiu ha l
Ch tiu
m
ha tan
Tinh bt
Protit
Hemixenlluloza
Polyphenol
Cc cht khong, tro
Cc cht hu c
Hot lc amilaza
Mc ch tiu
6 - 8%
65 - 75%
56 - 58%
8 - 10%
6 - 9%
5 - 8%
2,5%
200 - 250wk (widishkolback).
Ch tiu c hc
10
11
Dung trng
530 - 600 g/lt
Trng lng tuyt i (l trng lng ca 1000 28 - 38 g/1000ht
12
ht matl)
Kch thc ht
2,5 - 2,8mm
m bo cht lng Malt mua v phi trnh khng tip xc vi mi

trng m, kho phi kh ro.
3. Th liu - Go
Nc ta l mt nc nng nghip v vy
go l nng sn rt ph bin li m bo yu cu
c cc thnh phn nh tinh bt, cht bo, proti,
ng... Do go lm nguyn liu thay th.
Go c dng sn xut dng tm cha 80%
tinh bt, 6 - 8% protein. Do go cha nhiu tinh
bt, t cht bo, hiu sut ho tan cao t 94%,
cht kh trong sn xut t 80 - 85% nn ngy
Hnh 2. Hnh th liu go

Hinh 2
11
cng c s dng nhiu trong sn xut bia. Nu ta s dng go vi t l thch hp

(khong 30%) th cht lng ca bia vn c m bo khng thua km vi sn
xut hon ton bng mn m gi thnh li gim.
Go dng sn xut bia cn p ng 1 s nhu cu nh sau:
Bng 4. Bng ch tiu nh gi cht lng go
STT
1
2
Ch tiu
Mc ch tiu
Trng c
C mi c trng ca go,
Mu sc
Mi
khng c mi mi, v l
mi bao.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
ha tan
m
Cht bo
Protit
Cc cht khong
Xenllulose
Tinh bt
80 - 90%
12 - 14%
1 - 1,5%
7 - 8%
1 - 1,2%
5 - 8%
70 - 75%
4. Hoa Houblon
Houblon l thc vt dng dy leo (Humulus lupulus), sng lu nm (30 - 40
nm), c chiu cao trung bnh t 10 - 15 m. Hoa houblon c hoa c v hoa ci
ring cho tng cy. Trong sn xut bia ch s dng hoa ci cha th phn.
a. Thnh phn ha hc ca hoa houblon.
- Nc
: 11 - 13%
- Cht ng
: 15 - 21%
- Polyphenol
: 2,5 - 6%
- Protein
: 15 - 21%
- Cellulose
: 12 - 14%
- Tinh du thm
: 0,3 - 1%
- Cht khong
: 5 - 8%
- Cc hp cht khc
: 26 - 28%
12
Hoa houblon l nguyn liu c bn, ng th hai trong cng ngh sn xut
bia. Hoa houblon lm cho bia c v ng du, hng thm rt c trng lm tng
kh nng to v gi bt, lm tng bn keo v n nh thnh phn sinh hc ca
sn phm. Hoa houblon c ba loi sau:
-
Loi I: mu vng n mu vng ng.

Loi II: mu vng lc.
Loi III: c mu xanh vng n vng.
Bng 5. Ch tiu hoa Houblon
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ch tiu
Mc ch tiu
10 - 12%
0,5 - 1%
15 - 21%
2,5 - 6%
10 - 21%
12 - 14%
m
Tinh du thm
Cht ng
Cht cht
Cc cht c nit
Xenllulose
Nhng cht kh tan khng c nit: 26 - 28%

-
Cht ng: l thnh phn thit yu v c trng nht ca hoa houblon gm c
hai nhm acid ng v nha ng (do cc qu trnh bin i ca acid ng to ra,

trung bnh trong hoa houblon 16 - 19% (acid ng 9 - 11%, nha ng 7 - 8%).
- Humolon v cc ng phn ca n (cohumulon, adhumulon) to ra 85 - 95%
cht ng trong bia, n c v ng mnh. hot ng b mt rt ln (to bt v
gi bt) v tnh khng sinh mnh (ha tan trong nc nhit nng chy 65 oC).
Ngoi ra cn c lupulon (v ng phn ca n, c v ng km humulon nhng tnh
khng sinh mnh hn (nhit nng chy 92oC t ha tan trong nc).
- Tinh du: c dng nc trong, vng snh v c mi thm rt mnh. Khi un
si hoa a phn tinh du hoa bay hi v thnh phn tinh du b thay i, sn phm
to thnh cng vi cc thnh phn khng bay hi ca tinh du to ra mi thm d
chu, c trng ca bia.
- Cht cht: c ngha ln trong vic lm kt ta cc protit km bn vng, n
lm tng tnh n nh cho bia. Song nh vy n cng lm gim mt lng ng k
cc protit khc nn lm tng kh nng to bt cho bia.
b. Dng houblon s dng:
13
Dng hoa houblon ht,
vin:
s dng thun tin, tn
km, trong bo qun v vn chuyn
ngi ta c th nghin nt hoa kh thnh
dng bt, sau cho qua cc my p
vin nh hnh thu gn th khi chng
Hnh 3. Houblon vin
li, a i sy n m khong 10 -
Hinh 3
12%, nhit 40oC ri ng gi kn
nhng vin houblon ny trong cc bc giy c bit c np thm kh tr nhm hn

ch tc dng ca oxy. Gi tr cht lng tnh theo - acid ng ca hoa cnh v hoa
vin nh nhau, song hoa vin c hiu qu s dng cao hn, nn s tit kim hn.
Dng hoa cao trch ly:
Ngi ta dng mt s dung mi hu c hecxan, metanol, metylen clorit hoc

tricloetylen trch ly cht ng trong hoa
houblon ra dung mi, sau dng cc bin
php thch hp tch dung mi s thu
c dung dch cao houblon st c mu t
xanh l cy m n vng sm (hiu xut
trch ly thng > 45%), cht lng cht
ng c bo qun tt hn, ng thi vic
s dng khi nu vi dch ng s thun
tin v hiu qu hn nhiu. Thng thng
gi tr cht ng trong 1kg cao hoa bng 5 -
Hnh 4. Houblon cao

Hinh 4
6kg hoa cnh (hoc vin), ty thuc vo cht lng cnh hoa v hiu sut trch ly.
Sau khi thu c cao cht ng m c, ngi ta c th b sung ng glucose
vo tng m c ca cao cho d nh hnh vo cc bao b thch hp.
Bng 6. Ch tiu houblon cho sn xut
Houblon dng vin
Houblon dng cao
14
Mu sc
Mi
- acid
Xanh
Mi c trng
8%
Vng sm
Mi c trng
30%
Nu hoa nhp v cha s dng ngay th cn phi bo qun trong cc kho kh

ro, ti v nhit thp trnh tip xc trc tip vi oxy v nh sng mt tri.
5. Nm men
Nm men c s dng sn xut bia l loi vi sinh vt n bo thuc
ging Saccharomyces, nhit ti u cho sinh trng ca chng l 25 - 30 oC. Nm
men bia ngng hot ng trn 40oC v c th cht gn nhit ny, nhng chng
li chu nhit thp tt. Kch thc trung bnh 6 - 9m. Nm men sinh sn di
hnh thc ny chi v thuc loi hiu kh khng bt buc. Trong iu kin c oxy
chng tin hnh qu trnh tng sinh khi l chnh. Trong iu kin khng c oxy
chng tham gia qu trnh ln men to C2H5OH, cc sn phm ln men khc nh:
ru bc cao, ester, andehyd, acid hu c v CO2.
Cn c vo tnh cht th hin qua qu trnh ln men bia, ngi ta chia nm
men ra lm 2 loi:
-
Ging nm men ni: Saccharomyces cerevisiae loi ny ch thc hin qu
trnh ln men nhit tng i cao 14 - 16 oC. Trong qu trnh ln men, t bo

nm ny ni l lng trn dch ln men v tp chung trn b mt dch. Nm men kt
hp thnh tng mng ni trn b mt dch ng.
- Ging nm men chm: Saccharomyces carlsbezgensis loi ny pht trin
nhit thch hp men l 6 - 8oC, hu ht cc t bo khi quan st ring l hoc cp
i. Hnh dng ch yu l hnh cu, c kh nng ln men cc loi ng Trisaccarit,
nm men chm c kh nng c bit l qu trnh pht trin t bo ca chng kt dnh
vo nhau thnh chm ri lng xung thnh lp cht thun tin cho vic tch cn
nm men sau khi ln men chnh, thi gian ln men lu hn v chng ny cn s
dng c ng Rafinoza lm tng hiu sut ln men.
Saccharomyces carlsbergensis c cc c tnh sau:
- Nhit ln men: 0 100C.
- Ln men mnh trong lng mi trng.
15
Khi s dng ht ngun Cacbon trong mi trng cc t bo nm men kt
chm hoc chui v lng nhanh xung y thng, gip bia trong nhanh hn.
- Ln men c: glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, saccharose, maltose,
c bit ln men tt rafinose, dextrin, melibiose.
- Khng ln men c cc ng: lactose, inulin, arabinose, cellobiose, manit,
sorbit .
II.
Nguyn liu ph
Ngoi cc nguyn liu chnh trong sn xut bia, cn phi k n nhiu
nguyn liu ph khc c vai tr khng km phn quan trng, c bit l cng
nghip sn xut bia ngy nay. Cc nguyn liu ph ny c th k n l cc ha cht
s dng trong cng ngh ty ra hay s dng tng hiu qu ca cc cng on
sn xut nh cc loi bt tr lc, cc cht n nh v c bit l cc enzym s dng
trong cng on sn xut dch ng ln men v ln men.
Nhm cc cht ph gia dng x l nc: nhm ny c th dng cc ha
cht km mm nc phc v cho sn xut v ni hi, l cc mui Na 2CO3,
NaCl, Al2O3.
Nhm cc cht st trng nc v iu chnh pH: gm cc dung dch Clo,
H2SO4, H3PO4. Nhm cc cht ty ra st trng v sinh ng ng, thit b sn xut
gm dung dch axit, xt, ngoi ra c th dng nc ty ra CIP.
Nhm cc cht dng thu hi CO 2 nh: NaOH, KMnO4, Clo khan, than
hot tnh.
Nhm cc cht chng Oxy ha cho bia nh Acid Ascorbic.
Nhm cht tr lc nh: bt diatomid, kirlgua.
Bng 7. Nhm cc cht ph gia s dng trong nh my
Tn Acid
H2SO4
Acid lactic
Mt s loi Acid s dng

Yu cu k thut
Mc ch s dng
D=1,84 g/l; 95-98%
Tng kh nng h ha
Diu chnh pH ca dch
hm trong qu trnh nu
v ng ha
16
Tn mui
CaCl2
Mt s mui thng s dng trong sn xut bia

Yu cu k thut
Mc ch s dng
Tinh khit
B sung vo dch ng
ha bo v enzyme
khi tc ng ca nhit
Kch thch nm men tng
ZnCl2
trng
Thng s ha l
Ngun gc
Cht lng t nhin
T trng
T trng nc (g/l)
xp (%)
Cht tr lc
Diatomit (1 - 300m)
T to bin
B canxi ha nh
320 - 480
290 - 4000
84 - 90
17
Pectil (1 - 150m)
Trm tch t ni la
Kt dnh nng
250 - 350
100 - 300
85 - 94
B. CHN V THUYT MINH DY CHUYN CNG NGH

I. Chn quy trnh cng ngh.
Cng ngh sn xut bia l mt quy trnh phc tp, d n c thc hin trn
dy chuyn m thao tc hon ton bng th cng hay trn t hp cc thit b hin
i, t ng ho hon ton th tin trnh cng ngh cng da theo cc giai on sau:
- Nu: l qu trnh nhm bin i mu, go, thnh ch ng houblon ho.
- Ln men: l chuyn ho dch ng thnh C 2H5OH, CO2 v cc sn phm
ph, lc v tng tr bia.
- Thnh phm: l qu trnh hon thin sn phm, ng chai, xp thng v
xut xng .
1. Phng php nu
Hin nay trong sn xut bia c nhiu phng php nu khc nhau, chng
c p dng tu thuc vo iu kin sn xut thc t, cht lng ca nguyn liu
cng nh yu cu v cht lng ca bia c hai phng php thng dng nht l
phng php ngm gia nhit v phng php un si tng phn.
1.1.
Phng php ngm gia nhit:
Phng php ny c p dng trong tng trng hp bia c sn xut t

100% l Malt tt, ton b qu trnh thc hin trong mt ni.
u im: k thut n gin, thi gian thao tc ngn, gim c chi ph u
t cho thit b.
Nhc im: Do dng 100% l Malt nn gi thnh sn phm s khng ph
hp vi thc t sn xut v tiu th nc ta, ng thi khng un si nn hiu
sut thu hi cht chit khng cao.
1.2.
Phng php un si tng phn:
Phng php ny c tin hnh 2 ni: ni h ho v ni ng ho. Malt

v go c trn vo nc hai thit b ring bit, h ho ring bit, sau ton b
khi h ho chia thnh tng phn, cc phn c un si, ng ho lin tip ri
li ho chung vo khi h Malt.
18
u im: Tc ng ho v thu phn tinh bt thnh ng tt, p dng

c vi sn xut dng nguyn liu thay th v vy m h c gi thnh sn phm.
Nhc im: Tin hnh kh phc tp.
Qua xem st u nhc im ca tng phng php trn th chng em chn
phng php un si tng phn cho bi n ca mnh.
2. Phng php lc dch ng
2.1.
Phng php lc khung bn
c im ca phng php ny l dch ng c bm vo khung lc sau

khi lc th b s nm li trong khung, cn dch ng trong s theo bn ra ngoi.
u im: dng my lc khung bn cho php ta c th nghin nguyn liu
mn do tng c hiu sut chit, thit b n gin nn u t ban u r, tc
lc nhanh, d tng nng xut.
Nhc im: thit b lc h nn d b nhim tp khun, v sinh vt v.
2.2.
Phng php lc bng thng lc y bng:
Phng php ny c tin hnh trong cng mt thng kn, hn hp dch v

b bm ln mt sng lc, dch c ht i cn b c gi li trn mt sng lc
u im: qu trnh c sng lc trong mt h thng kn nn trnh c s
nhim tp, lao ng vt v, t tn km trong thi gian s dng.
Nhc im: Do khng th nghin nguyn liu qu mn nn hiu sut thu
hi cht chit thng thp hn so vi lc bng khung bn, tuy nhin, i vi sn
xut bia, vic nghin qu mn Malt s lm cho cc cht khng mong mun c trong
v Malt s b trch ly theo dch ng c th nh hng n cht lng ca sn
phm, nn vic gi nguyn lp v Malt li l li th, do vy, chng em chn
phng php lc trong dch ng bng thng lc y bng.
19
3. S quy trnh sn xut dch ng

Tank go
Ni cho
B
Tank Malt
Ln men
Ni Malt
Silo b
Thng lc
Thng cha
y bng
trung gian
Thng nc ra
Gia nhit
dch ng
Lm lnh
Lng xoy
Ni hoa
Sc kh
Tank cha
Caramel
cn
Hnh 5. S quy trnh sn xut dch ng
20
Hoa
Hoa
cao
vin
II. Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh

1. Chun b nguyn liu
Tng din tch tip xc gia nguyn liu vi nc qu trnh thy phn
din ra nhanh hn v d dng hn. Tuy nhin vi tng loi nguyn liu th mc
nghin nh khc nhau. Nghin Malt cn gi cho cc mnh v tru khng b nt vn
to lp lc t nhin trong qu trnh lc tch b, i vi nguyn liu thay th th
do ht tinh bt cng ln kh b ph v v lu chn do phi c nghin mn.
V tru Malt c s dng nh mt cht tr lc dch ng v cn phi hn
ch cc cht ha tan ca n vo dch ng (gy mi v khng tt) ch ln nghin
dp hay bp, khng nghin mn, m bo tch ht ni nh ra khi v.
Go th nghin n mn theo ng yu cu k thut s gip cho qu trnh
thy phn din ra nhanh v trit hn.
a. Nghin Malt
Malt c cp nh lng cho tng m nu ri c nghin bng my
nghin trc. My gm 2 i trc quay ngc chiu nhau, ht Malt cn nghin nh
ri vo khe gia hai trc. Mc c nghin nh ca Malt cng rt quan trng v cc
ht c nghin nh th din tch chu nh hng ca cc enzim ln hn to iu
kin tng tc cho qu trnh thy phn v ng ha.
Yu cu
V chu dp v cng t cng tt, cn phn bt phi tht nh, mn, bt cng
mn th qu trnh ng ha cng trit , hiu sut thu hi cht ha tan cng cao
dn n cht lng ca dch cng tng. Phn v Malt phi nghin cng t v cng
tt v nu khng cc cht cht, cht tr ca v Malt s ha tan vo dch ng lm
cho bia c v ng cht, kh chu. Khng nhng th, v tru cn c tc dng rt tt
cho qu trnh lc sau ny, n c xem nh l mt lp mng lc t nhin nn trnh
nghin dp v Malt.
21
V quy nh cng ngh s dng phng php lc dch ng bng thng lc

nn Malt c nghin th s hn phng php lc bng thit b lc khung bn.
Thit b nghin l my nghin trc v nghin m, trong nghin trc l loi mt
nhn (loi trc nghin c kha sn ch dng khi ta lc dch ng bng khung bn v
khi nghin s nh v ca ht). Nc ng phun m cho malt l nc nng c
phun vo vi t l 2%.
Ta nghin sao cho t l cc pha l:
- V = 15 - 18%
- Tm ln = 18 - 22%
- Tm b = 30 - 35%
- Bt mn : 25 - 35%
Cch tin hnh
S : malt i mch => gu ti => bng ti => sng th => gu ti=> sng
tinh => silo cha => b m lu lng =>
Cn => xay kh => trn nc => ni go ( 2 ln)
Cn => xay t => ni malt
Malt t xyclo cha theo xch ti c truyn vo thit b nghin, ti y cc
ht malt s c nghin n kch thc nht nh nhm m bo yu cu k thut.
Nguyn liu malt s dng hai loi my nghin:
My nghin malt lt: l my nghin malt kh (malt khng ngm nc),
khi lng mi ln nghin malt lt b sung cho ni go l 10% khi lng go

( mt m b sung 2 ln).
- Ln 1: Malt lt c trn vi nc cho vo ni nu ngay t u, malt lt s
-
c bm t di y ni.
Ln 2: Sau khi h ha gn ht tinh bt, tip tc h nhit ni go xung
72oC, lc ny b sung malt lt ln 2, b sung 10% malt lt cn li. Lng
enzyme -amylase c trong malt lt ln 2 s tip tc ct mch tinh bt h
ha. Cui cng un si ni go ln ti 100oC, gi trong 15-20 pht.

My nghin malt t: malt s c ngm, cp nc trong qu trnh nghin,
nc s dng my nghin malt l nc m khong 65 oC. Malt sau khi nghin
22
xong khong 40oC s c bm vo ni malt.

b. Nghin go
Cng nh malt go c cn ln theo tng m nu v c nghin bng my
nghin ba. Go c nghin cng mn cng tt, nghin mn lm tng b mt tip
xc vi nc gip cho qu trnh thy phn xy ra nhanh hn, tinh bt d rng tr
thnh dng ha tan khi h ha do vy m enzim d rng phn ct tinh bt thnh
ng.
Yu cu go sau khi nghin:
- Tm ln < 20%
- Tm b > 30%
- Bt mn > 45%
23
2. Qu trnh nu dch ng
2.1.
S quy trnh nu
Cc bin i c bn trong qu trnh nu:
24
S h ha: Tinh bt i mch h ha nhit 60-85oC.

S dch ha: Din ra rt chm, thm ch hng gi nu tinh bt cha c h
ha xong, nu khi tinh bt c h ha th ch cn vi pht. Nhit tt nht l

65-70oC, pH l 4,6.
- S ng ha: L s bin i ca tinh bt dch ha thnh dextrin v
mantoza di tc ng ca hai enzyme:
-amylazadextrin ha
-amylazamantoza.
Ha bt vi nc
L qu trnh ha trn mt cch chnh xc bt (malt nghin v nguyn liu
thay th bt go) vi nc nu mt nhit , t l xc nh.
a. Lng nc phi trn
Xc nh t l gia bt v nc trc khi tin hnh trn rt quan trng bi n
quyt nh n nng dch ban u. Lng nc c th c tnh trung bnh nh
sau: 100 kg bt + 300 lt nc, theo cch tnh ny s thu c dch ng c nng
khong 20%. Thc t nng cht dch chit lc u thng l 16 20 %, sau
dng mt lng nc va ra b ri thu hi phn cht chit cn bm trn
b. Dch thu c sau khi ra trn vi dch chit lc lm long dch ng. i
vi bia vng th t l nc/bt l 400 500 lit/100 kg bt.
b. Nhit phi trn
Nhit phi trn lin quan ti nhit ca enzym cn kch thch ngay t
u. Cc ht tinh bt trong malt b bao bc bi mng li cc protein trong c
cc hemixeluloza v glucan ca thnh ph xon vo nhau. c th tc ng vo
tinh bt th cn phi ph v mng li ny.
qu trnh thy phn tinh bt xy ra th protein, hemixenluloza v glycan
phi c phn ct. Cc hp cht ny c thy phn mnh t o l 45-50oC (nhit
ti u ca proteaza 45 50 oC, ca glycanaza 45oC). Do vy ta chn nhit ha
trn khong 42oC.
2.2.
Qu trnh h ha
a. Mc ch
25
i vi cc nguyn liu cha m mm nh go, ng th cn tin hnh h

ha tinh bt (lm trng n tinh bt) v chng ch c thy phn v ng ha tt
sau khi c h ha. Khi ngm vi nc nng, mt lng nc ln ngm vo
cc phn t tinh bt lm th tch ht tng ln v lm ht bt trng n cui cng v
tung ra, khi mng t bo tinh bt b ph v s to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh
phn ct cc enzym sau ny.
b. Cch tin hnh
Malt lt b sung vo ni h ha nhm cung cp amylase enzym thy phn c
trong malt s chuyn ha cc hp cht cao phn t (ch yu l cc hydratcacbon v
protein) ca tinh bt c trong go thnh cc phn t thp d ha tan.
Ta nng nhit ni go t 420C ln 720C trong 30 pht, gi nhit 72oC
trong vng 20 pht, trong thi gian ny cc enzym amylase trong malt lt hot
ng, xc tc cho s thy phn lin kt 1 4 glycozit bt k u khng kh ca
tinh bt v dng li khi gp lin kt 1 6 glycozit. Sn phm thy phn ch yu l
dextrin, mt t maltose v glucose.
Tip tc nng nhit ln 830C trong 10 pht, gi nhit 83 oC trong 5 pht.
Lc ny tinh bt hp th nc v trng n cc i, lm cho dch cho tr nn c
hn, cc lin kt 1-4 glucozit enzyme amylase hot ng d dng hn.
Sau h nhit xung 720C trong 10 pht bng cch b sung nc, ng
thi b sung malt lt ln 2 ngm nc vo nhm cung cp thm enzyme c trong
malt tip tc thy phn lin kt 1 - 4glucozit trong ni cho v lm gim nht
ca dung dch, thc hin qu trnh dch ha, gi nhit 72oC trong 20 pht.
Tip ta m van cp nhit ln 100 0C trong 30 pht, v gi nhit ny
trong thi gian 15 pht nhm mc ch thanh trng, tng nhit ln t t n nhit
ti a enzym amylase khng b sc nhit ng thi phn ct tinh bt trit ,
dch ha hon ton khi cho gip bm qua ni malt d dng hn.
2.3.
m ha
C nhiu loi enzyme m ha trong malt, chia lm hai loi: proteaza v

peptidaza. Nhit m ha tt nht l 43-50 oC. acid thch nghi ca a s
26
enzyme thp hn acid thng thng ca nc malt, v vy ngi ta mi acid ha

n pH = 5,2. y l pH thun li cho qu trnh m ha. T l nc : ci cng nh
hng ln n tc phn ng.
a. Mc ch
Hot ha enzym protease trong malt, phn ct cc lin kt peptit protein
thy phn thnh axit amin, peptit v cc peptone n gin.
b. Tin hnh
Bt malt sau khi nghin s c bm vo ni m ha (ni malt) ng thi
bt cnh khuy, ha trn malt sau nghin vi nc trong 20 pht. Nng nhit ca
ni malt ln mt cch t t. Trong qu trnh ny ta cho thm mt lng CaCl 2, acid
lactic, ri tip tc nng nhit ca ni m ha ln 50 0C, trong 30 pht nhm to iu
kin cho enzym protease hot ng, v gi nhit ny trong 1 pht-y l nhit
cho cc enzyme thy phn protein v -glucan hot ng nhm m ha malt
thnh polypeptid, peptid v acid amin gip cho nm men hot ng tt hn trong
qua trnh ln men. Qu trnh m ha khng nn ko di v protein s b thy phn
lm gim bt ca bia thnh phm, ng thi lm hng v ca bia km m .
2.4.
ng ha
a. Mc ch
To iu kin ti thch v nhit v pH ca mi trng h enzym
amylase trong malt hot ng, chng xc tc s chuyn ha hp cht cao phn t
thnh cc hp cht phn t lng thp, ha tan bn vng, to thnh cht chit ca
dch thy phn v l ngun dinh dng cho nm men trong qu trnh ln men. Do
qu trnh ng ha to ra c cng nhiu cht chit v cht lng dch cng
cao cng tt.
b. Tin hnh
Dch cho c bm t ni go sang ni m ha tin hnh ng ha
trong 10 pht, nhit ni h ha lc ny l 100 0C trong khi nhit ni malt l
500C, v vy phi bm thm nc h nhit xung 65 0C v gi nhit ny
trong thi gian 30 pht. Qu trnh ng ha s din ra, enzyme -amylase s hot
27
ng mnh thy phn tinh bt thnh ng. Nhit ny to iu kin ti thch

cho amylase hot ng, phn ct lin tip 1 6 glycozit, sn phm to thnh l
maltose, glycose, dextrin.
Tip tc nng nhit ln 75 oC trong thi gian 20 pht, v gi nhit 75 oC
trong 15 pht. Lc ny enzyme -amylase tip tc thy phn tinh bt st trong dch
ng. K n dch nha c nng ln khong 76-77 oC nhm lm gim nht ca
dch ng, b tr lng nhit tn tht thit b lc, to iu kin thun li cho qu
trnh lc, tch b c din ra d dng.
3. Lc dch ng
a. Mc ch
Qu trnh ny nhm tch dch ng ra khi b Malt v cc cht khng tan
khc. c trng ca dch ng ha l trong c cha nhiu phn t rn rt nh,
trong qu trnh lc cc phn t ny s to thnh 1 lp lc ph lm cho dch ng
trong hn. Thnh phn ca cho Malt sau khi ng ha kt thc bao gm 2 hp
phn: pha rn v pha lng.
-
Pha rn: Bao gm cc cu t khng ha tan ca bt nghin (b Malt) s c
loi b.
- Pha lng: Bao gm nc v cc hp cht thp phn t c trch ly t mu,
hon tan trong gi l ch ng, hoc nc nha.
Qu trnh lc cho Malt tin hnh theo 2 giai on l:
-
Tch dch ng ra khi hn hp

Thu hi cc cht ha tan cn st li li b malt bng nc nng 75 oC gi
l ra b. Lc u lp mng lc khng gi li c tt c cc phn t rn nm trong

dch ng nhng phn t ny i qua lp mng lc v lm cho dch ng ban u
c, nhng sau lp b mao dn t ti trn mng lc v to nn mt lp mng lc
ph, v vy m cng v sau dch ng cng trong. Tc lc ph thuc vo mc
nghin Malt, cu to ca lp mng lc ng thi cn ph thuc vo mt s yu
t lc nh: Nhit , p sut, thi gian lc cng nhanh cng tt.
b. Tin hnh lc
28
Trc khi lc th thit b phi c v sinh sch s. Ca tho b Malt v cc

vi tho nc ng phi ng kn. Cho nc nng 75 oC i qua cc ng dn nc
ng, nc nng lc ny c tc dng y khng kh ra ngoi. Dch ng a vo
thng lc qua ng dn v khong 20 - 30 pht cho b Malt v cn lng xung
di. Sau khi lng th m h thng ht dch. trong ca dch c kim tra
qua knh qua st, nu dch c th c hi lu tr li cho n khi dch trong th
c chuyn sang thng trung gian chun b un si vi hoa Houhlon. Lc dch
ng lun cho lp dch cn ph trn b mt ca lp b 1-1,5cm (nhm trnh
hin tng b tip xc vi khng kh dn ti tanin ca v tru b oxi ha to mu
sm cho bia v to thnh flobafen lm cho dch ng c v cht nng) v tin hnh
ht dch nh h thng ht. Ht dch t trong khoang cha dch trong (di sng lc)
Nhit ca qu trnh lc l 75 78oC, PH ti u = 5,5.
c. Tin hnh ra b
Trong b Malt khi lc cha mt lng ng k cc cht ha tan. Lng cht
ha tan ny ph thuc vo mc nghin nng ca dch ng ban u, nhit
...B c ra bng nc nng 75 78 oC, nhit ny rt thch hp cho
enzim, amylaza hot ng ng ha tip phn tinh bt cn st li trong phn
cho Malt cui cng. Nu nhit thp hn 70 oC th enzim, amylaza km hot
ng, tinh bt cn st s bt kn l lc dn n cn tr tc ra b nhng nu nhit
cao hn 80oC th xy ra hin tng h ha tinh bt tr li s bt kn l lc lm
cho kh lc v gim cht lng dch ng. Ra b c tin hnh 2 - 3 ln nhm
m bo lng ch cn ly cho mt m nu v hm lng cht kh cn st
trong b < 1 % . ng thi vi vic ra b th ni un hoa ta m van cp nhit sao
cho ni un hoa th t nhit si, ra song tho b ra ngoi.
4. un si dch ng vi Houblon
a. Mc ch
Nhm n nh thnh phn v to cho bia c mi thm v v ng c trng
ca hoa houblon. ng thi trong lc ny cng xy ra mt s qu trnh khc nh s
29
gia tng nng , axit, cng mu, s to thnh cht kh, nht gim
xung.
iu chnh ng ti nng mong mun (12.8-13.2 P0).
Trch ly cht ng (axit ng), to v ng c trng cho bia (ng 20-25

BU).
To hng thm nh c ester thm, tinh du thm.
To mu nh phn ng melanoidin v nh cc cu t mang mu c trong
houblon
To kt ta nng, n nh cht lng bia thnh phm.
Trong houblon c cht khng khun nn c tc dng st khun cho
dch ng ng thi nh un si ln dit c cc vi sinh vt v lm bin tnh

cc enzym do tng bn sinh hc ca bia.
Cc axit hu c ca hoa houblon ha tan vo dch ng lm gim pH
ca dch thy phn ph hp vi yu cu pH ca nm men.
b. Tin hnh
Dch sau khi lc theo ng ng c bm qua ni houblon (ni si hoa),
khi dch ng lp y y ni th nhit lc ny khong 65 oC (vi sinh vt c th
xm nhp vo) th bt u m van hi cung cp nhit nng nhit ln t t cho
n khi qu trnh lc kt thc.
Khi nc ra b chy vo ni houblon gn ht th bt u nng nhanh nhit
ln sao cho qu trnh ra b kt thc cng l lc dch ng bt u si.
c. Thit b: thit b s dng thit b gia nhit bn trong.
C dng hnh tr y cn, bn trong ni c thit b trao i nhit dng ng
tun hon trung tm, pha trn c h thng phn phi dch hnh nn. Dch ng i
qua ng cn hi nng i xung quanh cc ng. Do hi ngui dn v ngng t.
Dch ng phn tn rng ra ngoi nh mt nn chn pha trn ng chm, cu trc
ny trnh to bt. Dch ng tun hon tt bn trong ni un.
Ni hoa si c np hnh nn, c ng ni ca ng dch ra ca thng cha
trung gian v c ng chuyn dch vo bm ni sang thit b lng xoy.
30
Ngoi ra thit b cn c mt h thng cp hoa cao, hoa vin v caramel, knh

quan st v cc van. Trc khi bm dch vo phi v sinh ni bng nc nng 80 oC.
tm cc b phn truyn nhit dng ng chm: dch i pha trong cn hi i vo
khong khng gia cc ng truyn nhit cho dch ng.
Nguyn tc hot ng
Houblon dng cao (50-60% acid ng) v caramel s c cho vo bn
cung cp ring bn ngoi trc khi un khong 20 pht hoa houblon c mt
khong thi gian ngm, gip cho qu trnh trch ly cc cht tt hn.
Qu trnh un si hoa gm 2 giai on:
Giai on 1: 50 pht, tnh thi gian k t khi si 100 oC. Khi nhit dch
ng t t 94-96oC, dch ng s c bm tun hon vo bn cha houblon
cao khongpht y ton b dch cao houblon v caramel vo ni un si. Sau
s bm nc lnh vo trng ni hoa houblon cao, nc trng ny c nhp
chung vo ni nu hoa.
Giai on 2: 20 pht. B sung houblon dng vin (5.4% acid ng), acid
lactic hiu chnh pH v gi tr mong mun, caramen iu chnh mu v ZnCl 2
vo ni un si hoa (lng caramen, acid lactic b sung cn ty thuc vo gi tr
pH v mu ta o c ti ni dch ha, ni lc).
Thi gian houblon ha khong 70 pht. Dch ng c a vo t y
thit b v sau khi houblon ha th n cng c tho ra ngoi pha y thng.
Sau khi b sung ha cht xong, ta s gi si khong 10 pht na ri tin
hnh kt thc qu trnh si hoa, chuyn dch qua ni lng xoy.
Trong qu trnh houblon ha nh s chnh lch v nhit v t trng ca
dch nn xy ra qu trnh i lu t nhin, v th dch ng c o trn mnh
dn n qu trnh houblon ha xy ra d dng.
u im ca thit b ny:
Gi thnh u t thp hn, khng bo tr, khng bo n.
Khng yu cu thm nng lng in.
Khng thm bc x nhit.
C th thay i nhit si v bay hi.
C th s dng p sut hi bo ha thp.
31
Dch ng si khng to bt v khng cn rt khng kh.

Ni nu khng cn cp nhit bn ngoi, cng khng cn cnh khuy.
Nhc im:
Kh lm sch ni nu.
Nu hi qu nng th dch ng s b qu nhit bi tc dch chy trong
ng chm.
- Nu dch ng un qu nhit th s b sm mu v mi khng t yu cu.
d. Lng hoa houblon cn thit
Bnh thng mc ng ca cc loi bia theo yu cu khc nhau. Lng
cht ng ty thuc vo loi bia v c tnh theo cng thc sau:
n v ng (BU)=S mg cht ng/lt bia
Cc qu trnh ha l xy ra khi houblon ha:
Thm ha dch ng: Qu trnh ny xy ra nh s ha tan cc cht c gi
tr ca hoa houblon vo dch ng, nh cc phn ng Maillard v Caramel ha khi
un si. S ha tan cht ng c trong hoa houblon lm thay i mi v ca dch
ng. N lm cho dch ng chuyn t v ngt sang v ng ca hoa houblon.
ha tan ca acid ng vo nc v dch ng khng ln nhng khi un si cc
cht ny d b ng phn ha d dng ha tan hn vo dch ng. Tinh du ca
hoa houblon cng nh hng ti mi v ca bia v dch ln men.
S keo t v ta protein: l mt qu trnh quan trng trong khi un si dch
ng vi hoa houblon, s c mt ca cc protein ha tan trong dch ln men c th
l nguyn nhn lm c bia nhiu dng khc nhau v gim bn sinh hc ca
bia. Protein keo t l do bin tnh trong qu trnh un si v do protein kt hp vi
tanin to phc cht. S keo t protein khng hon ton c th km hm qu trnh ln
men.
S tng mu ca dch ln men: Mu sc ca dch ng trc v sau khi
houblon ha ch yu l do nguyn liu malt quyt nh. Tuy nhin do qu trnh nu
v houblon ha lm tng thm mu ca cc dch ng do cc phn ng
Melanoidin, Caramel v cht mu ca hoa houblon to nn. Mc tng mu ph
thuc vo cng v thi gian un si, nng v pH ca dch ng. Dch
ng cng m th khi un si mu ca n cng m. Ngoi ra khi un si dch
32
ng vi hoa houblon th mt phn nc s b bay hi nn nng dch ng s

tng ln.
Ch tiu quan trng nh gi qu trnh un si dch ng vi hoa houblon
khi kt thc si:
- Nng cht ha tan ca dch ng (o bng khc x k 20oC).
- S to thnh ta dng bng do nhng protein ng t to thnh.
5. Lng trong dch ng
a. Mc ch
Loi b cc kt ta nng, n nh cht lng cho bia thnh phm ( kt ta
lnh s c lng, lc trong v sau qu trnh ln men).
Thit b l thng lng xoy tm (whirlpool), c cu to bng thp khng
g, c ng thot hi cao, c ca quan st, c n bo hiu, c ng dn dch theo
phng tip tuyn vi thn thng nhm to vng xoy khi dch c bm vo
thng. V tr bm dch vo khong 1/3 chiu cao ca thng tnh t y ln.
Thng lng xoy l mt thit b kh n gin t tn km cho vic lp t v
s dng.
b. Tin hnh
Sau khi qu trnh houblon ha kt thc, dch ng bm vo thng qua
ng ng c t thu to p lc ln trc khi vo thit b, dch c a vo vi
vn tc ln theo phng tip tuyn vi thnh thng, khi dch s quay bn trong
khng gian ca thng v y dn ln. Khi to nn lc xoy tm, cn hoa c
lng v tp trung y thng. Khi bm ht dch sang thng lng xoy ta yn
trong khong 15 - 30 pht cho lng ht cn, dch trong c a qua thit b lm
lnh trc khi c ln men, b hoa c ly ra theo cch di nc v x ra ngoi.
Vic vn hnh thng lng xoy tng i d, ph thuc ch yu vo v tr
ca cc thit b nht l khong cch ca thit b un hoa v thng lng xoy, khong
cch ny cng nh cng t cn tr cho vic bm. Cht lng malt v phng php
nu cng nh hng ti vic s dng thng lng xoy.
33
Thi gian lng thng l 20-30 pht, thi gian lng khng c sm hn
hoc mun hn v sm hn th cn cha kp lng, cn mun hn th dch s b oxy
ha.
Dch sau khi lng trong c cp i ln lt theo cc ca tho thn, ca tho
y tng ng n khi ht dch.
Kt thc qu trnh lng, vi phun nc s hot ng y tho c n ra theo
ca x bn di y cn xung bn cha cn.
6. Lm lnh nhanh, bo ho CO2
a. Mc ch
Ta tin hnh a nc nha t nhi t 850C v 6-80C to nhi t thch hp
cho qu trnh ln men. Ta phi lm lnh nhanh nhm:
o Hn ch ti a s nhim ca vi sinh v t cng nh hn ch cc hi n
tng oxi ha dch nha.
o a nhit dch ng v nhit thch hp ln men bia theo
yu cu k thut.
o To iu kin kt ta cn lnh.
o Gim nhit dch ng to iu kin thun li cho vic bo ha
O2 cho qu trnh ln men sau ny.
b. Tin hnh
Thit b s dng l thit b trao i nhit bn mng, thit b ny bn, hiu
sut cao, a nng, m bo vo trng v v sinh.
y l thit b kn, gm cc tm, bng thp khng g ghp li vi nhau trn
mtkhoang, cc tm ny c l v khe h bn gc dch lng i qua. Mp tm
bn c gn mt rong cao su khi ghp li m kn cho thit b v ng dn
dch to ra hai phn ring bit.
Nguyn tc hot ng
Dch ra khi thng lng xoy khong hn 98oC c bm vo thit b lm
lnh. Trong mi bn, dch ng nng v tc nhn lm lnh s i ngc chiu nhau
(tc nhn trao i nhi t trc tip y l nc c lm lnh xung 20C bng
glycol), khi qua bn khc th dch v nc o chiu nhau, qua mi bn nc lnh
34
s thu nhit ca dch ng nng lm cho nhit ca dch ng gim xung v

lm tng nhit ca nc ln. C nh th cho n bn cui cng nhit ca dch
ng h xung cn 6-8oC, cn nhit ca nc ra khong 75oC. Nc c tn
dng cho vic nghin malt v lc ra b.
Trong qu trnh h nhit ca dch ng t 98 oC v 6-8oC pha sau my
lm lnh ta lp mt h thng sc kh vo dch ng nhm cung cp oxy khng kh
tit trng, v hu ht oxy b loi ht trong qu trnh ch bin dch ng nn phi
np oxy cho dch ng c lng oxy cho t bo nm men sng, pht trin,
c bit trong qu trnh sinh sn trong trong giai on u ca qu trnh ln men
bia, lng O2 trong dch thch hp cho giai on sinh trng ca nm men l
khong 6-8 mg/l.
Khng kh trc khi sc vo dch ng phi qua mt h thng x l: khng
kh c cung cp t my nn c cho qua mt ct than kh mi sau i vo
vng cc tm nhm dit vi khun, sau chng c i vo b phn phn phi kh
v cung cp oxy vo trong dch ng.
35
PHN III. TNH CN BNG SN PHM

Thit k phn xng nu bia nng sut 600 lt dch ng/ngy
I.
II.
Lp k hoch sn xut
Sn phm: 100% bia chai c nng 12oBx
Yu cu: Sau khi lm lnh nhanh thu c 600 lt dch ng/ngy
Mi ngy nu 3 m => nng sut 1 m: 200 lt dch ng/m
Tnh cn bng sn phm cho 1 m
Thng s k thut ca nguyn liu

Bng 8. Thng s k thut nguyn liu
STT
Ch tiu
1
m (%)
2
ha tan (%)
3
T l nguyn liu (%)
Malt
6
70
70
Go
13
80
30
Tn tht qua cc cng on

Bng 9. Phn trm tn tht nguyn liu qua cc cng on
STT
Cng on
1
Nghin (go, malt)
Tn tht
0,5 % so vi nguyn liu
Lng nc bay hi: 5% so vi lng dch
H ha
ban u
1% so vi lng cht kh ban u
ng ha
Nu hoa
ban u
1% so vi lng cht kh ban u
5
6
Lng trong
Lm lnh
ban u
2% so vi lng dch ban u
4% so vi lng dch ban u
II.1. Tnh lng dch qua cc cng on

Ta c cng thc:
T
S * 100 n
100 x1 * 100 x2 * * 100 xn (lt)
36
Trong :
o T: Lng dch trc khi vo cng on cn tnh (lt)
o x1,x2,xn : tn tht cc cng on (%)
o n: s cng on
o S: Lng dch cui sau khi i qua cng on cui
n =7 (Cng on lm lnh) : S = 200 lt dch ng/m
Bng 10. Tnh lng dch bia qua 3 cng on cui
Vi : S = 200 ta p dng cng thc trn tnh lng dch trc khi vo cc cng
on
Cng on
Lm lnh
Lng trong
Nu hoa
Tn tht
Theo phn
Theo lt (l)
trm (%)
4
8,33
2
4,26
10
23,62
Lng dch
trc khi vo
cng on
208,33
212,59
236,21
S cng
on (n)
n=1
n=2
n=3
Dch ng houblon ha 12oBx 20oC c khi lng ring d=1,04831kg/lt

(Tra S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 1-trang 58)
-
Khi lng ca dch ng houblon ha 20oC:

212,59 x 1,04831 = 222,86 (kg)
Lng cht kh (cht chit) c trong dch ng houblon ha 12oBx:

222,86 x 0,12 = 26,74 (kg)
Trong qu trnh nu hoa th c mt phn cht ho tan trong dch ng b tn
tht nhng bn cnh th cng c mt phn cht trong hoa ho tan vo nn coi
nh nng cht chit trong dch ng trc v sau qu trnh nu hoa l khng
thay i.
=> Tng lng cht kh c trong dch ng cn a vo qu trnh nu hoa: 26,74
(kg)
-
Tng lng cht chit cn a vo qu trnh h ha v ng ha (tn tht
cht kh c cng on h ha v ng ha l 2%):
37
II.2. Tnh nguyn liu malt v go

Gi : M (kg) l lng malt cha qua cng on nghin cn dng
Lng go cn dng :
Lng cht chit c trong bt malt:
Lng cht chit c trong bt go:
Tng lng cht chit c trong bt malt v bt go:

0,655M + 0,297M = 0,95M (kg)
Ta c:
Tng lng cht chit c trong bt malt v bt go = Tng lng cht chit
cn a vo qu trnh h ha v ng ha
0,95M = 27,29
M = 28,73 (kg)
Vy:
- Lng malt cn dng : 28,73 (kg)
- Lng go cn dng : 12,31 (kg)
II.3. Tnh khi lng b m
Gi s b malt v b go c cng m l 80%
-
Lng cht kh c trong bt malt:

28,73 x (1-0,005) x (1-0,06) = 26,87 (kg)
Lng cht kh c trong bt go:

12,31 x (1-0,005) x (1-0,13) = 10,66 (kg)
Lng cht kh chit ra t bt malt:
38
26,87 x 0,7 = 18,81 (kg)

-
Lng cht kh chit ra t bt go:

10,66 x 0,8 = 8,53 (kg)
Lng cht kh c trong b malt:

26,87 18,81 = 8,06 (kg)
Lng cht kh c trong b go:

10,66 8,53 = 2,13 (kg)
Tng lng cht kh c trong b:

8,06 + 2,13 = 10,19 (kg)
Khi lng b m:
Lng nc trong b m:
50,95 10,19 = 40,76 (kg)
II.4. Tnh lng hoa houblon cn dng

Ta khng th tnh lng hoa houblon cn dng trong lng dch em nu v
khi bia s ng. V vy ta cn phi tnh lng hoa houblon cn dng cho lng
bia thanh phm (Sch Khoa hc cng ngh malt- trang 218).
Tn tht qua cc cng on sau khi lm lnh
Bng 11. Tn tht qua cc cng on khi lm lnh
Cng on
Ln men chnh, ph
Lc bia
Bo ha CO2
Chit chai
Tn tht
5 % so vi lng dch ban u
0,5 % so vi lng dch ban u
p dng cng thc:

T
S=
S * 100 n
100 x1 * 100 x2 * * 100 xn
T * (100 x1 ) * (100 x2 ) *...* (100 xn )

100n
39
Vi:
o T: Lng dch trc khi vo cng on ln men (lt), T = 200 lt dich
ng
o x1,x2,xn : tn tht cc cng on (%)
o n: s cng on
o S: Lng bia thnh phm (lt)
Lng bia thnh phm
Gi s bia chai c ng 22BU = 22 (mg/lt bia)

Hiu sut trch ly cht ng trong hoa houblon c trong bia thnh phm 30 %
-
Lng cht ng c trong bia thanh phm:

179,67 x 22 = 3952,74 (mg -acid ng) = 3,95 (g -acid ng)
Lng cht ng c trong hoa houblon:

o 100% ng trong hoa houblon:
S dng hoa vin v hoa cnh, t l hoa vin : hoa cnh = 70% : 30%
- Hoa vin: 9% -acid ng
- Hoa cnh: 7% -acid ng
Tnh hoa vin
- Gi: Xhv l s g -acid ng c trong hoa vin ; Yhv l s g hoa vin cn s dng .
Ta c:
100% 13,17 g -acid ng

70% Xhv
Mt khc:
9%
100%
9,22 g -acid ng
Yhv
40
Tnh hoa cnh

Gi : Xhc l s g -acid ng c trong hoa cnh
Yhc l s g hoa cnh cn s dng
Ta c:
100%
30%
Mt khc :
13,17 g -acid ng
Xhc
7%
3,95 g -acid ng
100%
Yhc
II.5. Tnh nc
Lng nc trong ni h ha
T l nc : bt (malt +go ) = 5 : 1
Lng bt malt lt cn dng: 20% so vi lng bt go
-
Lng bt go cho vo ni h ha:

12,31 x (1-0,005) = 12,25 (kg)
Lng bt malt lt cho vo ni h ha:

12,25 x 0,2 = 2,45 (kg)
Tng lng bt cho vo ni h ha:

12,25 + 2,45 = 14,7 (kg)
Lng nc cho vo ni h ha:

5 x 14,7 = 73,5 (kg) = 73,5 (lt)
Lng nc c sn trong bt malt v bt go:

12,25 x 0,13 + 2,45 x 0,06 = 1,74 (lt)
Lng cht kh c trong ni h ha:
41
14,7 1,74 = 12,96 (kg)

-
Tng lng nc c trong ni h ha:

1,74 +73,5 = 75,24 (lt)
Lng dch cho vo ni h ha:

75,24 + 12,96 = 88,2 (kg)
Trong qu trnh h ha :
Lng nc bay hi: 5% so vi lng dch ban u
Tn tht cht kh: 1% so vi lng cht kh
- Lng nc c trong ni sau khi h ha:
75,24 ( 88,2 x 0,05) = 70,83 (lt)
-
Lng cht kh c trong ni sau khi h ha:

12,96 x (1-0,01) = 12,83 (kg)
Lng dch c trong ni sau khi h ha:

12,83 + 70,83 = 83,66 (kg)
Lng nc trong ni ng ha
T l nc : bt = 4 : 1
-
Bt malt sau khi nghin :

28,73 x (1-0,005) = 28,59 (kg)
Lng bt malt cho vo ni ng ha:

28,59 2,45 = 26,14 (kg)
Lng nc cho vo ni h ha:

4 x 26,14 = 104,56 (kg) = 104,56 (lt)
Lng nc c sn trong bt malt:

26,14 x 0,06 = 1,57 (lt)
Lng cht kh c trong ni ng ha trc khi cho dch cho vo:

26,14 1,57 = 24,57 (kg)
Tng lng nc c trong ni ng ha trc khi cho dch cho vo:

104,56 + 1,57 = 106,13 (lt)
-
Lng dch trong ni ng ha khi cho dch cho vo:

24,57 + 106,13 + 83,66 = 214,36 (kg)
42
Tng lng nc c trong ni ng ha khi cho dch cho vo:

106,13 + 70,83 = 176,96 (lt)
Tng lng cht kh c trong ni ng ha khi cho dch cho vo:

214,36 176,96 = 37,4 (kg)
Trong qu trnh ng ha:

Lng nc bay hi: 5% so vi lng dch ban u
Tn tht cht kh: 1% so vi lng cht kh
- Lng nc c trong ni sau khi ng ha:
176,96 ( 214,36 x 0,05) = 166,24 (lt)
-
Lng cht kh c trong ni sau khi ng ha:

37,4 x (1-0,01) = 37,03 (kg)
Lng dch c trong ni sau khi ng ha:

37,03 + 166,24 = 203,27 (kg)
Lng nc ra b
- Lng nc c trong dch ng 12oBx sau khi nu hoa:
212,59 x (1-0,12) = 187,08 (lt)
- Mt khc: lng nc bay hi trong qu trnh nu hoa: 23,62 (lt)
Lng nc c trong dch ng trc khi nu hoa:
187,08 +23,62 = 210,7 (lt)
-
Lng nc c trong b m: 40,76 (lt)

Vnc sau khi ng ha + Vnc dng ra b = Vnc c trong dch trc khi nu hoa + Vnc c trong b m
Vnc dng ra b = 210,7 + 40,76 -166,24 = 85,22 (lt)
II.6. Tnh b hoa v b lng

Tnh b hoa
o ha tan ca hoa houblon: 40 %
o m ca b hoa: 85%
- Lng b hoa thu c:
Tnh b lng: Mb
Ta c: C
100 kg nguyn liu cho vo nu
43
1,8 kg b
(14,7 + 26,14) kg nguyn liu cho vo nu
44
Mb
Bng 12. Bng cn bng vt cht ca bia chai 120Bx

S
Hng mc
Cn bng sn phm
1 M
1 Ngy
28,73
86,19
Kg
26,14
78,42
3 Go
4 Bt go
Kg
12,31
36,93
Kg
12,25
36,75
5 Bt matl lt
6 Nc cho vo h ha
Kg
2,45
7,35
Lt
73,5
220,5
7 Nc cho vo ng ha
8 Nc ra b
Lt
104,56
313,68
Lt
85,22
255,66
9 Hoa houblon vin

10 Hoa houblon cnh
Kg
0,10244
0,30732
Kg
0,05643
0,16929
11 Tng dch trong ni h ho

Kg
12 Nc a sang ng ha
Kg
13 Dch cho a sang ni ng ho
Kg
14 Tng dch trong ni ng ho
Kg
15 Dch ng a sang lc
Kg
16 Dch a vo nu hoa
Lt
17 Dch a vo lng
Lt
18 Dch a vo lm lnh
Lt
Sn phm ph, ph liu
88,2
70,83
83,66
214,36
203,27
236,21
212,59
208,33
264,6
212,49
250,98
643,08
609,81
708,63
637,77
624,99
19 B m
20 B lng
Kg
50,95
152,85
Kg
0,74
2,22
21 B hoa
Kg
0,64
1,92
TT
v
Nguyn liu chnh
Kg
1 Malt
2 Bt malt cho vo ng ha
PHN IV. TNH CHN THIT B SN XUT V THIT B V

SINH NH XNG
Tnh thit b dng trong 1 m
45
I.
-
Tnh chn thit b h ha

Lng bt go: 12,25 (kg)
Lng bt malt lt: 2,45 (kg)
Nng cht kh trong dch ng:
Tra bng I.86 - S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 1- trang 58
-
Khi lng ring: d = 1,059 (kg/lt)

Th tch dch trong ni h ha:
Chn h s s dng ca thit b l 70%

Th tch thc ca thit b:
Chn thit b thn hnh tr, y v nh hnh nn, lm bng thp khng g c
cc thng s:
H = 0,7D, h1 = 0,1D, h2 = 0,15D
Trong :
o D: ng knh trong ca thit b (m)

o H: chiu cao thn thit b (m)
o h1 : chiu cao nh thit b (m)
o h2 : chiu cao y thit b (m)
Th tch ca ni h ha:
V = Vtr + Vnh + Vy
D = 0,6 (m)
H = 0,4 (m), h1 = 0,1 (m), h2 = 0,1 (m)
- Din tch b mt truyn nhit: c 0,5 m2/ m3 dch
FTN = 0,5 x 0,083 = 0,042 (m2)
46
II.
-
Tnh chn thit b ng ha

Tra bng I.86 - S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 1-trang 58
- Th tch dch trong ni ng ha:

cc thng s:
H = 0,7D, h1 = 0,1D, h2 = 0,15D
Trong :

Th tch ca ni ng ha:
V = Vtr + Vnh + Vy
0,62 D3 = 0,29
D = 0,8 (m)
H = 0,6 (m), h1 = 0,1 (m), h2 = 0,1 (m)
Din tch b mt truyn nhit: c 0,5 m2/ m3 dch
47
FTN = 0,5 x 0,2 = 0,1(m2)

III.
-
Tnh v chn thit b lc
Tra bng I.86 - S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 1-trang 58
- Th tch ca dch ng:

Chn thit b thn hnh tr, y bng v nh hnh nn, lm bng thp khng
g c cc thng s:
H = 0,7D, h1 = 0,1D
Trong :

Th tch ca thit b lc :
V = Vtr + Vnh
0,58 D3 = 0,25
D = 0,8 (m)
H = 0,6 (m), h1 = 0,1 (m)
IV.
-
Tnh v chn thit b nu hoa

Th tch dch trc khi nu hoa: 236,21 (lt) = 0,24 (m3)
48
H s s dng ca thit b: 70%

cc thng s:
H = 0,7 D, h1 = 0,1 D, h2 =0,15 D
Trong :

Th tch ca thit b nu :
V = Vtr + Vnh + Vy
0,62 D3 = 0,34
D = 0,8 (m)
H = 0,6 (m), h1 = 0,1 (m), h2 = 0,1 (m)
Din tch b mt truyn nhit: c 0,5 m2/ m3 dch
FTN = 0,5 x 0,24 = 0,12(m2)
Chn thit b truyn nhit dng ng chm, ng knh ng d = 0,05 (m), s
hnh su cnh: 1, s ng trn ng xuyn tm ca hnh 6 cnh: 3, tng s ng: 7

-
ng knh chm ng:

Dco = t x (b 1) + 4d = 1,5 x 0,05 x (3 1) + 4 x 0,05 = 0,35 (m)
Chiu di ton b ng truyn nhit:
Chiu di ca 1 ng:
49
V.
Tnh v chn thng lng lng trong
- Dch trc khi a vo lng: 212,59 (lt) = 0,21(m3)

- Chn h s s dng ca thit b l 75%
Chn thit b thn hnh tr, y bng v nh hnh nn, lm bng thp khng
g c cc thng s:
H = 0,7 D, h1 = 0,1 D
Trong :

Th tch ca thit b lc :
V = Vtr + Vnh
0,58 D3 = 0,28
D = 0,8 (m)
H = 0,6 (m), h1 = 0,1 (m)
VI.
-
Tnh v chn thit b lm lnh nhanh

Dch ng trc khi lm lnh: 208,33 (lt) = 0,21 (m3)
Thi gian lm lnh: 1.5 h/m
H s s dng ca thit b: 0,8
Nng sut my lm lnh:
Chn thit b lm lnh nhanh 1 cp. Tc nhn lm lnh cp 1 l nc lnh,

tc nhn lm lnh nc l glycol. Thit b lm lnh c dng tm bn, cc tm bn
50
dng gp song c ch to t thp khng g dng hnh ch nht mng xp li vi

nhau, c tai bn gc. Khi ghp vo to thnh 4 mng dn: dch ng vo, dch
ng ra, tc nhn lnh vo, tc nhn lnh ra.
My lnh c cc thng s k thut:
-
Nng sut: 0,18 (m3/h)

B mt truyn nhit: 0,11 m2
Kch thc my lnh: 600 x 500 x 400 mm
VII.
-
Tnh v chn thng nc nng
Lng nc dng ra thit b h ha, ng ha, nu hoa = 30 (lt)

Lng nc dng trong h ha, ng ha, ra b:
73,5 +104,56 + 85,22 = 263,28 (lt)
Lng nc cn cho vo 1 m:
263,28 + 30 = 293,28 =0,29 (m3)
H s s dng ca thit b: 70%

cc thng s:
H = 2D, h1 = 0,7D, h2 =0,6D
Trong :

Th tch ca thit b :
V = Vtr + Vnh + Vy
1,91D3 = 0,41
D = 0,6 (m)
H = 1,2 (m), h1 = 0,42(m), h2 = 0,36(m)
51
Din tch b mt truyn nhit: c 1m2/m3 nc

FTN = 0,29 x 1 = 0,29 (m2)
VIII. Tnh v chn h thng CIP

CIP gm 3 thng :
-
1 thng cha NaOH 2%

1 thng cha HNO30,1 mol
1 thng cha nc javen.
Mi m nu v sinh vi cht lng CIP bng 5% th tch ni nu.V thng nu
hoa ln nht nn ta tnh th tch mi thng CIP theo th tch thng nu hoa.
Vnu hoa = 0,34 m3.
H s s dng thng CIP l 0,9

- Th tch ca mi thng CIP:
cc thng s:
H = 2D, h1 = 0,7D, h2 =0,6D
Trong :

Th tch ca thit b :
V = Vtr + Vnh + Vy
1,91D3 = 0,02
D = 0,22 (m)
H = 0,44 (m), h1 = 0,15(m), h2 = 0,13(m)
52
PHN V. TNH NHIT-HI-NC LNH

I.
Tnh nhit v hi cp cho qu trnh h ha
Chu trnh nhit trong qu trnh h ha:

42 oC 72oC 83oC 72oC
100oC
Lng dch trc khi vo giai on:
Lng nc bay hi:
G1
G2
G3
Gc
W1
W2
W3
W4
Bng 13. Tn tht lng nc bay hi v lng dch cc giai on nhit

Lng nc bay
Giai on
Tn tht so vi lng
hi
nhit
dch ban u
cc giai on
42oC -> 72oC

72oC -> 83oC
83oC -> 72oC
nhit
W1 = G x 0,01
1% (do nc bay hi)

0,5% (do nc bay
W2 = G x 0,005
hi)
1% (do nc bay hi)
W3 = G x 0,01
Lng dch
trc khi vo
giai on
G
G1 = G G x
0,01
G2 = G G x
0,015
2,5% (do nc bay

72oC -> 100oC
hi)
W4 = G x 0,025
1% cht kh so vi
lng cht kh ban u
Tng lng nc c trong ni h ha: 75,24 (lt)

Tng lng dch cho vo ni h ha: G = 88,2 (kg)
Hm m ca dch ng:
Nhit dung ring ca khi dch:
53
G3 = G G x
0,025
Trong :
o C1 : nhit dung ring ca cht ha tan (kcal/kg.oC)
o C2: nhit dung ring ca nc (kcal/kg.oC)
o a: hm m ca dch ng (%)
Tra S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 1. Ta c:
o C1 = 0,34 (kcal/kg.oC)
o C2 = 1 (kcal/kg.oC)
Nhit lng cn thit nng nhit t 42oC ln 72oC trong 30 pht:

Q42-72 = G x C x (t72 t42)
Vi
G : Khi lng dch cho (kg)

C: Nhit dung ring ca khi dch (kcal/kg.oC)
t42 : Nhit trc qu trnh nng nhit (0C)
t72 : Nhit sau qu trnh nng nhit (0C)
Q42-72 = 88,2 x 0,9 x (72 -42) =2381,4 (kcal)

Nhit lng cn thit gi nhit 72oC trong 20 pht:
Q72 = i72 x W1
Trong :
o i72 : Nhit lng ring ca nc (kcal/kg)

o W1 : Lng nc bay hi trong giai on ny (kg)
Tnh i72: ln lt tra bng v ni suy
Tra bng I.250 tnh cht l ho ca nc bo ho ph thuc vo p sut trang

312 s tay qu trnh v thit b tp 1
t(oC)
i72(kcal/kg)
70
626,8
72
54
75
629
Q72 = i72 x W1 = 627,68 x (88,2 x 0,01) = 553,6 (kcal)

Q72-83 = G1 x C x (t83 t72)
=(88,2 88,2 x 0,01) x 0,9 x (83 72)
=864,45
Nhit lng cn thit gi nhit 83oC trong 5 pht
Q83 = i83 x W2
-
Tnh i83: ln lt tra bng v ni suy

t(oC)
i(kcal/kg)
80
631,1
83
85
633,2
Q83 = 632,36 x (88,2 x 0,005) = 278,87 (kcal)

Qu trnh h nhit t 83oC xung 72oC ta khng cn cp nhit
Q72 = i72 x W3 = 627,68 x (88,2 x 0,01) = 553,6 (kcal)
Nhit lng cn thit nng nhit t 72oC ln 100oC trong 30 pht
Q72-100 = G3.C.(t100 t72) = (88,2 -88,2 x 0,025) x 0,9 x (100 72) = 2167,07 (kcal)
Q100 = i100 x W = 639,4 x (88,2 x 0,025) = 1409,88 (kcal)
Tn tht nhit: Qtt = 4 %
Tng nhit cn cung cp cho qu trnh h ha
Qtng = 2381,4 + 553,6 + 864,45 + 278,87 + 553,6 + 2167,07 + 1409,88 = 8208,87
(kcal)
Lng nhit thc t cn cung cp
55
Lng hi cn cung cp
Chn p sut hi: P = 3 (at)
Trong :
o
o
o
o
ih : hm nhit ca hi nc bo ha (kcal/kg)
i: hm nhit ca nc ngng t (kcal/kg) (ti 100oC)
0,96: bo ha ca hi nc
t: thi gian cp nhit (h). t= 140 pht = 2,3 (h)
Tra bng I.250 v I.251 - S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 1,
trang 312 314 . Ta c:
-
ih= 651,6 (kcal/kg)

i= 100 (kcal/kg )
II.
Tnh nhit v hi cp cho qu trnh ng ha
Chu trnh nhit trong qu trnh ng ha:

40 oC 50oC 65oC 75oC 76oC
Lng dch trc khi vo giai on:
Lng nc bay hi:
G1
G2
G3
Gc
W1
W2
W3
W4
Bng 14. Tn tht lng nc bay hi v lng dch cc giai on nhit

Lng nc bay
Tn tht so vi
Giai on nhit
lng dch ban

u
40oC -> 50oC

50oC -> 65oC
65oC -> 75oC
hi
Lng dch trc
cc giai on
khi vo giai on
nhit
1% (do nc bay
hi)
2% (do nc bay
hi)
1,8% (do nc bay
hi)
56
W1 = G x 0,01
W2 = G x 0,02
G1 = G G x 0,01
W3 = G x 0,018
G2 = G G x 0,03
1% cht kh so vi
lng cht kh ban
u
0,2% (do nc bay
75oC -> 76oC
hi)
W4 = G x 0,002
Tng lng nc c trong ni ng ha: 176,96 (lt)

Tng lng dch cho vo ni ng ha:G = 214,36 (kg)
Tng cht kh c trong ni ng ha: Tck = 37,4 (kg)
Hm m ca dch ng:
G3 = G G x
0,048 Tck x 0,01
Trong :
-
C1 = 0,34 (kcal/kg.oC)
C2 = 1 (kcal/kg.oC)

Q40-50 = G x C x (t50 t40)
Vi
o
o
o
o
G : Khi lng dch trong ni ng ha (kg)

57
Q40-50 = 214,36 x 0,89 x (50 - 40) = 1907,8 (kcal)

Q50 = i50 x W1
Trong :
o W1 : Lng nc bay hi trong giai on ny (kg)
Tra bng I.250 tnh cht l ho ca nc bo ho ph thuc vo p sut
trang 312 s tay qu trnh v thit b tp 1
i50 = 618 (kcal/kg)
Q50 = i50 x W1 = 618 x (214,36 x 0,01) = 1324,74 (kcal)
Q50-65 = G1 x C x (t65 t50)
=(214,36 214,36 x 0,01) x 0,89 x (65 50)
=2833,09 (kcal)
Q65 = i65 x W2
i65 = 624,7 (kcal)
Q65 = 624,7 x (214,36 x 0,02) = 2678,21 (kcal)
Nhit lng cn thit nng nhit 65oC ln 75oC trong 20 pht
Q65-75 = G2 x C x (t75 t65)
= (214,36 -214,36 x 0,03) x 0,89 x (75 -65) = 1850,51 (kcal)
Q75 = i75 x W3 = 629 x (214,36 x 0,018) = 2426,98 (kcal)
Nhit lng cn thit nng nhit t 75oC ln 76oC trong 5 pht
Q75-76 = G3.C.(t76 t75) = (214,36 214,36 x 0,0485 37,4 x 0,01) x 0,89 x (76 75)
= 181,29 (kcal)
Tng nhit cn cung cp cho qu trnh ng ha
58
Qtng = 1907,8 + 1324,74 + 2833,09 + 2678,21 + 1850,51 + 2426,98 + 181,29

= 13202,62(kcal)
Lng hi cn cung cp
Trong :
o
o
o
o
Tra bng I.250 v I.251 - S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 1,
trang 312 314 . Ta c:
-
ih= 651,6 (kcal/kg)

i= 100 (kcal/kg )
III.
Tnh nhit v hi cp cho qu trnh nu hoa
Chu trnh nhit trong qu trnh nu hoa:

76 oC 100oC
Th tch dch ng trc khi nu hoa: 236,21 (lt) = 0,24 (m3)

Khi lng ring ca dch ng: d= 1,04831 (kg/lt)
Khi lng ca dch ng: G = 0,24 x 1,04831 x 1000 = 251,59 (kg)
Dch ng c nng 12oBx => m ca dch ng: a = 88%
Lng nc bay hi trong qu trnh nu hoa:W = 23,62 (lt)
59
Trong :
-
C2 = 1 (kcal/kg.oC)
Nhit lng cn thit nng nhit t 76oC ln 100oC:

Q76-100 = G x C x (t100 t76)
Vi
G : Khi lng dch (kg)

Q76-100 = 251,59 x 0,92 x (100 - 76) = 5555,11 (kcal)

Q100 = i100 x W
Trong

o W : Lng nc bay hi trong giai on ny (kg)
Tra bng I.250 tnh cht l ho ca nc bo ho ph thuc vo p sut
trang 312 s tay qu trnh v thit b tp 1
i100 = 641,3 (kcal/kg)
Q100 = i100 x W = 641,3 x 23,62 = 15147,51 (kcal)

Tng nhit cn cung cp cho qu trnh nu hoa
Qtng = 5555,11 + 15147,51 = 20702,62 (kcal)
60
Lng hi cn cung cp
Trong :
o
o
o
o
Tra bng I.250 v I.251 - S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 1, trang
312 314 . Ta c:
-
IV.
ih= 651,6 (kcal/kg);

i= 100 (kcal/kg )
Tnh nhit v hi cp cho thit b un nc nng
- Th tch thng nc nng: 0,3 (m3)

- Lng nc nng dng trong 1 m sn xut: G = 0,21 (m3) = 210 (lt)
Chu trnh nhit un nc
20oC 90oC
Nhit lng cn thit nng nhit t 20oC ln 90oC
Q20-90 = G x C x (t90 t20) = 210 x 1 x (90 20) = 14700 (kcal)
Tn tht nhit: 4%
Nhit lng thc t cn cung cp
Lng hi cn cung cp
61
Trong :
o
o
o
o
312 314 . Ta c:
-
ih= 651,6 (kcal/kg);

i= 100 (kcal/kg )
Chn ni hi cho khu vc nu

Tng lng hi cn cung cp
Dtng = 7,02 + 27,93 + 34,91 + 57,83 = 127,69 (kg hi/h)
Tn tht hi: 5%
Lng hi thc t cn cung cp
- Ni hi dng nhin liu l than, c h s s dng ni hi l 0,8

Nng sut ni hi:
Chn nng sut ni hi: 170 (kg hi/h)

Chn ni hi c cc thng s sau:
Nng sut ni hi
p sut lm vic
p sut lm vic ti a
Tnh lng nhin liu cho ni hi
200 kg hi/h
3 at
5 at
62
Trong :
o
o
o
o
o
D: lng hi tiu th (kg hi/h), D = 170 (kg hi/h)

in: hm nhit ca nc ngng (kcal/kg) ( 25oC)
1 : h s t chy ca than, 1 = 0,9
Q: nhit lng ca than, Q = 6500 (kcal/kg)
312 314 . Ta c:
-
ih= 651,6 (kcal/kg)

in= 25 (kcal/kg)
Chn M = 23 (kg)
Tnh lng nc cp cho ni hi
cung cp cho cc qu trnh th ti ni hi thc hin qu trnh chuyn ha
thanh hi qu nhit a n cc thit b cn. Ti b phn truyn nhit th hi s
ngng t v c thu hi li. Lng nc ngng thu hi chim khong 80%.
Lng nc thc t cn cho ni hi
V.
Tnh h thng lm lnh

Tnh lng nc lnh cn dng cho thit b lnh
Dch ng:
90oC
8oC
Nc
2 oC
80oC
Th tch dch ng sau khi lng trong : 208,33 (lt)

Khi lng ring ca dch ng: d= 1,04831 (kg/lt)
Khi lng ca dch ng: G = 208,33 x 1,04831 = 218,39 (kg)
Lng nc c trong dch ng 12oBx sau khi lng:
208,33 x (1- 0,12) = 183,33 (lt)
63
Hm m ca dch ng:
Trong :
-
C2 = 1 (kcal/kg.oC)
Nhit lng ta ra t dch ng

Qta nhit = G x C x (t90 t8)
Vi
G : Khi lng dch (kg)
Qta nhit = 218,39 x 0,89 x (90 - 8) = 15938,1 (kcal)
Qhp thu ca nc = Qta nhit = 15938,1 (kcal)
Lng nc cn dng cho thit b lm lnh nhanh
o
o
o
o
Tnh h thng lm lnh nc 2oC

Chu trnh nhit
Glycol:
-10oC
64
0oC
20oC
Nc
2oC
Nhit lng ta nhit ca nc:

Qta nhit ca nc = 204,33 x 1 x (20-2) = 3677,94 (kcal)
Nhit lng hp thu ca glycol:
Qglycol = Qta nhit ca nc =3677,94 (kcal)
VI.
Tnh nc dng cho phn xng nu

Th tch nc dng trong qu trnh h ha, ng ha, ra b: 263,28 (lit)
Th tch nc ra ni h ha, ng ha, nu hoa: 30 lt
Th tch nc dng v sinh cho ton b phn xng nu: 1000 lt
Lng nc cn dng: 1000 + 263,28 +30 = 1293,28 (lt)
65
PHN VI. TNH IN NNG TNH KCH THC PHN

XNG NU
I.
Tnh in nng
1. Tnh ph ti chiu sng

Nguyn tc v c s tnh ton
Trong nh my th n chiu sng l loi n compac tr nhng ni cn thit th s
dng n si t
Trong phn xng sn xut vic b tr n ph thuc v cc thng s sau:
-
Chiu cao n ph thuc vo chiu cao thit b, v tr lm vic, thng ly

H = 2,5 4,5m.
Khong cch gia cc n:

L = 2 3m (chn L = 3m)
Khong cch n ngoi cng n tng: l = (0,25 0,35)L

l = 0,25L = 0,25 x 3 = 0,75 (m)
S n b tr theo chiu dc nh:
n1
A 2l
L
Trong :
o A: chiu di nh cn chiu sng (m)
- S n b tr theo chiu ngang nh:
n2
-
B 2l
L
1 (B : chiu ngang nh)
S n b tr cho mi tng nh:

N = n 1 x n2
Phng php tnh ph ti c tnh theo cng sut ring v cng sut ph ti
c tnh theo cng thc sau:

Pcs = pi x S (kw/h)
Vi:
-
pi : cng sut chiu sng trn 1m2 sn nh
66
S : din tch sn nh c chiu sng (m2)

Cng sut ca mi n l
P = P/ N (vi N l s n tng cng)
P = P x N (kw/h)
i vi n chiu sng trong phn xng th cng sut ca n nh sau:

- i vi nh xng sn xutth s dng loi n c cng sut 100W (= 0,1
-
KW)
i vi cc phng trong dy nh hnh chnh, phng hi trng, nh n, cc
phng ban khc th s dng loi ph ti chiu sng c cng sut l 40W.
Tnh ton c th
Phn xng nu:
Nh nu c kch thc: A = 10 (m); B = 4 (m)
-
S n b tr dc theo chiu di nh l:
S n b tr dc theo chiu rng nh l :
S bng thp sng trong nh l :

N = n1 x n2 = 4 x 2 = 8 (bng)
Cng sut chiu sng ca mi bng trong nh nu l :

pi = 0,1 (kw)
Cng sut chiu sng trong phn nh nu l

Pcs = pi x N = 0,1 x 8 = 0,8 (kw)
2. Tnh ph ti ng lc
-
Trong phn xng th hot ng tt th nhiu thit b phi hot ng nh

vo ng lc : my nn, h thng vn chuyn bt, cnh khuy..
67
Bng 15. Bng tnh cng sut ph ti sn xut

S
Tn thit b
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cng sut
Pl
lng
(kw)
(kw)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6.5
6
3.5
6
7
3
7.5
7.5
6.5
6
3.5
6
7
3
7.5
7.5
47
My nghin go
My nghin malt
Gu ti
Ni h ho
Ni ng ho
Thng lc
Ni nu hoa
My lm lnh
Tng cng sut (kw)
Ngoi nhng ph ti k trn th trong phn xng cn c nhng ph ti khc

nh: h thng qut, trm x l nc, xng c in Ta coi nh cng sut ca
chng bng 15 % ph ti nu.
Tng cng sut ca ph ti ng lc ca ton phn xng l
47 +47 x 0,15 = 54,05 (kw)
Tng cng sut ph ti chiu sng v ph ti ng lc l
54,05 + 0,8 = 54,85(kw)
3. Tnh ph ti tnh ton
c ngun in s dng an ton v m bo th cn phi chn la mng
li in , trm bin p v my pht in ph hp. la chn c chnh xc th
ta cn xc nh c cng sut thc t ca phn xng (hay tnh ph ti).
-
Ph ti c tnh theo cng thc:

Ptt = Kc x P
Trong :
o Kc : h s ph thuc mc mang ti ca thit b
o i vi thit b chiu sng : Kc = 0,9
o i vi ph ti ng lc : Kc = 0,6
68
Ptt = 0,9 x 0,8 + 0,6 x 54,05 = 33,15 (kw)

4. Tnh cng sut v dung lng b
Xc nh h s cng sut cos
Nu ch lm vic theo tnh ton nh mc th:
cos
P
P Q
2
Trong :
o P: tng cng sut cc thit b tiu th in
o Q: tng cng sut phn khng ca cc thit b tiu th in
o
Q p
* tg1 p2 * tg 2 ... pn * tg n
Thc t thng lm vic non ti nn h s cos c tnh nh sau:

cos tb
Ptb
( Ptb ) (Q p ) 2
2
Trong :
o Ptb = Ptt = 33,15 (kw)

o Qp = Ptb x tg
Vi cos = 0,65 th tg = 1,169
Qp = 33,15 x 1,169 = 38,75 ( kw)
Do :
Tnh dung lng b
Mc ch l nng h s cos bng cch dng t in.

-
Cng thc xc nh dung lng b:

Qb = Ptt x (tg 1 tg 2)
Vi:
o tg 1: tng ng vi cos 1 h s cng sut ban u
o tg 2: tng ng vi cos 2 h s cng sut c nng ln khi c thm
t in.
69
- Ta c:
cos 1 = 0,65 tg 1 = 1,169
cos 2 = 0,95 tg 2 = 0,329
-
Vy:
Qb = 33,15 x (1,169 0,329) = 49,66 kw/h
5. Chn my bin p
-
My bin p c chn theo cng thc sau:
Sba
II.
( Ptb ) 2 (Q p ) 2
Chn my bin p c cc thng s k thut sau:

Kiu my:
TM 350/5
Cng sut:
60 KVA
in p:
7 KV
Tn hao khng ph ti :
1,9 kw
Tn hao ngn mch:
6,2 kw
in p h :
386/220
Kch thc :
1950 x 1200 x 1700 mm
Trn c s ta chn my pht in c c tnh sau:

Cng sut:
100 KVA
in p nh mc:
220V
Tnh kch thc phn xng nu
Phn xng nu c chia thnh cc phng c cc kch thc sau:

-
Phng nghin: 4 x 10 = 40 m2
Phng nu: 5 x 14 = 60 m2
Thay , v sinh: 3 x 6 = 18 m2
iu khin: 3 x 6 = 18 m2
Qun c: 3 x 6 = 18 m2
Phng nguyn liu ph: 3 x 6 = 18 m2
Sn thao tc cao: 1,5 m
Chiu cao phng nu: 4m
70
Ti liu tham kho

1. GS.TS Nguyn Th Hin Khoa hc cng ngh Malt v bia - Nh xut bn
Khoa hc v k thut H Ni
2. PSS.TS Hong nh Ho Cng ngh sn xut Malt v bia - Nh xut bn
Khoa hc k thut nm 2002
3. Tp th tc gi - S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho cht tp 1- Nh
xut bn Khoa hc k thut
4. Tp th tc gi - S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho cht tp 2- Nh
xut bn Khoa hc k thut
5. T.gi Nguyn c Li Hng dn thit k h thng lnh Nh xut bn
Khoa hc v k thut H Ni nm 2006
6. Tp th tc gi PGS. Ng Bnh PTS. Phng Ngc Thch - C s xy
dng nh cng nghip Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni nm 1997
7. PGS. TS ng Th Thu Cng ngh enzym Nh xut bn Khoa hc k
thut H Ni nm 2003
71

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LI M U

Bia l loi nc gii kht ln men c cn thp (hm lng ru khong

Lp lun kinh t k thut - xy dng.

Trc tin, chng em xin gi li cm n chn thnh, su sc ti cc thy, c

LI NHN XT CA GING VIN HNG DN

LI NHN XT CA GING VIN PHN BIN

ngha thnh lp phn xng.........................................................................1

Gii thiu v bia:...................................................................................... 1

Tnh hnh sn xut bia trn th gii................................................................2

Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th bia Vit Nam...................................................2

Vai tr ca bia trong i sng.......................................................................3

Chn a im xy dng nh my.....................................................................4

Khu cng nghip Loteco................................................................................ 5

PHN II. CHN V THUYT MINH DY CHUYN CNG NGH..................................7

THNH PHN V CC CH TIU NGUYN LIU...........................................7

Nguyn liu chnh..................................................................................... 7

Nguyn liu ph...................................................................................... 17

CHN V THUYT MINH DY CHUYN CNG NGH................................19

Chn quy trnh cng ngh..........................................................................19

Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh................................................................22

PHN III. TNH CN BNG SN PHM..............................................................................37

Tnh cn bng sn phm cho 1 m...................................................................37

Tnh lng dch qua cc cng on...........................................................38

Tnh nguyn liu malt v go...................................................................39

Tnh khi lng b m...........................................................................40

Tnh lng hoa houblon cn dng............................................................40

Tnh b hoa v b lng..........................................................................45

Tnh chn thit b h ha..............................................................................47

Tnh chn thit b ng ha.........................................................................48

Tnh v chn thit b lc............................................................................49

Tnh v chn thit b nu hoa......................................................................50

Tnh v chn thng lng lng trong.................................................................51

Tnh v chn thng nc nng....................................................................52

Tnh v chn h thng CIP.........................................................................53

PHN V. TNH NHIT-HI-NC LNH............................................................................55

Tnh nhit v hi cp cho qu trnh h ha........................................................55

Tnh nhit v hi cp cho qu trnh ng ha...................................................58

Tnh nhit v hi cp cho qu trnh nu hoa....................................................62

Tnh nhit v hi cp cho thit b un nc nng.............................................64

Tnh nc dng cho phn xng nu............................................................68

Tnh ph ti chiu sng.............................................................................69

Tnh ph ti tnh ton............................................................................... 71

Tnh cng sut v dung lng b.................................................................72

Chn my bin p.................................................................................... 73

Ti liu tham kho.......................................................................................................................75

Bng 1. Cc ch tiu cht lng ca nc dng trong sn xut bia.........................8

Hnh 1. Nguyn liu Malt i mch........................................................................8

PHN I. LP LUN KINH T K THUT XY DNG

ngha thnh lp phn xng

1. Gii thiu v bia:

2. Tnh hnh sn xut bia trn th gii

Anheuser busch (M)

3. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th bia Vit Nam

Hin ti c nc c khong 20 nh my bia c nng sut ln( trn 50 triu

Mt nh sn xut bia ln trong nc l Tng Cng ty Bia - Ru - Nc gii

So vi cc loi ru ung th bia c nng cn rt thp (2 6%). Do

nu s dng bia ng mc s gip c th cm thy thoi mi, d chu v tng sc

ti Thnh ph Bin Ha - thuc tnh ng Nai. Tnh ng Nai nm trong a bn

ng gip tnh Bnh Thun.

Khu cng nghip Loteco

o ng chnh rng 32 m, cc ng ni b tiu chun rng 28 m v

Kt cu a cht: t xy dng chu c ti trng 10 tn/m 2 trong phm vi

tiu chun su di mt t cho xy dng nh xng (cao t nn: t 1 m