Hoan Chinh

Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip GVHD: Th.
s Mc Xun Ha

Nhm SVTT 1

MC LC
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V NH MY BIA SI GN BNH DNG ................... 5
1.1.Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ca nh my bia Si Gn Bnh Dng ......................................... 5
1.2. a im xy dng nh my .......................................................................................................... 6
1.3. S b tr mt bng nh my bia Si Gn Bnh Dng ............................................................... 9
1.4.S t chc ca nh my bia Si Gn Bnh Dng .................................................................... 10
1.4.1.Trch nhim v quyn hn ca Gim c nh my ................................................................ 10
1.4.2. Trch nhim v quyn hn ca Ph Gim c nh my ph trch hnh chnh ..................... 10
1.4.3. Trch nhim v quyn hn ca Ph Gim c nh my ph trch sn xut ......................... 11
1.4.4. Chc nng v nhim v ca Phng Hnh Chnh ................................................................... 11
1.4.5. Chc nng v nhim v Phng K thut................................................................................ 12
1.4.6. Chc nng v nhim v Phn Xng Cng Ngh ................................................................. 12
1.4.7. Chc nng v nim v Phn Xng Chit ............................................................................. 13
1.4.8. Chc nng v nhim v Phn Xng ng lc ..................................................................... 13
1.4.9. Chc nng v nhim v B phn Kho, Vt T ...................................................................... 14
1.4.10.Chc nng v nhim v b phn X L Nc Thi ............................................................. 14
1.5. An toa
n lao ng trong nha
ma
y ................................................................................................... 15
1.6. Cng ta
c pho
ng cha
y ch
a cha
y.................................................................................................... 15
1.6.1. T ch
c .................................................................................................................................. 15
1.6.2. C ch hoa t ng ................................................................................................................... 15
Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip GVHD: Th.s Mc Xun Ha

Nhm SVTT 2

1.6.3. H th ng pho
ng cha
y ch
a cha
y ............................................................................................ 16
1.7.V sinh cng nghip v x l nc thi, ph phm ti nh my.................................................... 16
1.7.1. V sinh cng nghip ti nh my bia Si Gn Bnh Dng. .................................................. 16
1.7.2. X l nc thi ti nh my Bia Si Gn Bnh Dng.......................................................... 19
CHNG 2: NGUYN LIU SN XUT ....................................................................... 23
2.1. Malt ............................................................................................................................................... 23
2.1.1. Ngun gc ca malt trong sn xut bia .................................................................................. 23
2.1.2. Yu cu cm quan - ha l c hc ca malt ti nh my Bia Si Gn Bnh Dng. ......... 23
2.2. Hoa houblon .................................................................................................................................. 26
2.2.1. Ngun gc ca houblon trong sn xut bia ti nh my ........................................................ 26
2.2.2.Dng houblon s dng: ........................................................................................................... 27
2.3. Nc ............................................................................................................................................. 28
2.3.1. Ngun gc .............................................................................................................................. 28
2.3.2. Yu cu cht lng ngun nc ............................................................................................. 31
2.4. Nm men ....................................................................................................................................... 36
2.4.1. Ngun gc .............................................................................................................................. 36
2.4.2. Chng nm men trong sn xut bia ti nh my .................................................................... 36
2.4.3. Cc ch tiu kim sot nm men ti nh my. ........................................................................ 37
2.5. Th liu go. .................................................................................................................................. 37
2.5.1. Ngun gc .............................................................................................................................. 37

Nhm SVTT 3

2.5.2. Cc ch tiu nh gi cht lng go ..................................................................................... 38
2.6. Cc nguyn liu ph khc ............................................................................................................. 38
CHNG 3: QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT BIA ............................................ 41
3.1. S quy trnh cng ngh sn xut bia ........................................................................................ 41
3.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh ................................................................................................................... 42
3.2.1. Nghin nguyn liu ................................................................................................................ 42
3.2.2. Qa trnh nu .......................................................................................................................... 49
3.2.3.Ln men .................................................................................................................................. 83
3.2.4.Lc bia .................................................................................................................................... 99
Hnh 3.25.H thng lc bia ti nh my .......................................................................................... 104
3.2.5. Bo ha CO
2
........................................................................................................................ 105
Bng 3.6.Ch tiu cht lng bia TBF chai v lon ......................................................................... 106
3.2.6. Hon thin sn phm: ........................................................................................................... 107
Hnh 3.47. Thit b phun date bia lon ti nh my ............................................................ 131
CHNG 4: SN PHM .............................................................................................. 132
4.1. Bia thnh phm ........................................................................................................................... 132
4.2.Ch tiu cht lng ....................................................................................................................... 133
4.3.Lu mu ....................................................................................................................................... 140
PH LC
TI LIU THAM KHO

Nhm SVTT 4

Ngy nay trn th trng trn ngp cc loi thc ung khc nhau nh nc
khong, nc p tri cy, nc ngt c gas, bia, ru trong bia l thc ung
c bit n kh ph bin. S d bia c mi ngi bit n nh mt thc ung
quen thuc trong cuc sng, v bia c gi tr dinh dng v c cn thp, mi v
thm ngon v b dng. Ung bia vi mt lng thch hp khng nhng c li cho
sc khe, kch thch tiu ha m cn gim c s mt mi sau nhng ngy lm
vic mt nhc. So vi cc loi nc gii kht khc, bia c cha mt lng cn thp
(3 8%), nh c CO
2
gi c trong bia ln khi rt to nhiu bt, bt l c tnh u
vit ca bia. Ngoi ra trong bia cn c vitamin B
1
, B
2
, nhiu vitamin PP v axit
amin rt cn thit cho c th. Chnh v vy t lu bia tr thnh th ung quen
thuc c rt nhiu ngi a thch.
Trong nhng nm gn y, cng ngh sn xut bia ca nc ta c nhng
bc pht trin vt bc c v s lng v cht lng. Hin nay nc ta ngnh
bia ru xut hin nhiu thng hiu mnh p ng nhu cu th trng trong
nc cng nh hng ti xut khu. V Sabeco - Tng cng ty Bia - Ru - NGK
Si Gn l mt thng hiu u tin phi nhc n.
Mt trong nhng nh my trc thuc Sabeco phi k n l Nh my bia Si
Gn Bnh Dng. Vi quy m rng ln, trang thit b hin i cng vi i ng
cng nhn nhiu kinh nghim v lnh ngh, Nh my bia Si Gn Bnh Dng
sn xut thnh cng 2 dng sn phm bia ch o : Bia chai 355 v Bia lon 333
tm hiu r hn v cng ngh sn xut bia v thc t sn xut bia, chng
em chn ti: TM HIU CNG NGH SN XUT BIA TI NH MY BIA
SI GN BNH DNG. Quy trnh chi tit m chng em tm hiu ti nh my
c trnh by c th trong ni dung bi bo co di y.

Nhm SVTT 5

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V
NH MY BIA SI GN BNH DNG
1.1.Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ca nh my bia Si Gn Bnh Dng
Nh my bia Si Gn Bnh Dng l chi nhnh trc thuc Cng Ty C
Ph n Bia Si Gn Bnh Ty (vit tt l SABIBECO) c thnh lp theo Lut
Doanh Nghip v i vo hot ng theo giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh s:
4103004075 do S K hoch v u t thnh ph H Ch Minh cp ngy 25
thng 11 nm 2005.
a ch : L B2/47-48-49-50-51, khu cng nghip Tn ng Hip B, x Tn
ng Hip, huyn D An, tnh Bnh Dng
Nh my bia Si Gn Bnh Dng, ta lc ti khu cng nghip Tn ng
Hip B, x Tn ng Hip, huyn D An, tnh Bnh Dng, trn khu t hnh
ch nht, din tch khun vin: 143m x 489,74m = 70.033 m
2
. Nh my bt u
ng th, xy dng vo ngy 05 thng 01 nm 2006, vi cng sut 120 triu
lt/nm. Sau 12 thng thi cng, nh my i vo vn hnh th v ngy
20/04/2007 cho ra i sn phm u tin l bia chai mang nhn hiu Si Gn
Hnh 1.1.Hnh nh nh my bia Si Gn Bnh Dng.
Hinh 1


Nhm SVTT 6

( Si Gn EXPORT), dung tch 355ml. Ngy 17/01/2008 S K Hoch
v u T thnh ph H Ch Minh ng cho php st nhp Cng Ty C Phn
Hong Qunh vo Cng Ty C Phn bia Si Gn Bnh Ty v tr thnh chi
nhnh th hai mang tn nh my bia Si Gn Hong Qunh, cng sut 80 triu
lt/nm.
Nh my bia Si Gn Bnh Dng c trang b my mc, thit b hin i
hng u trong nc v chu u, sn xut bia theo cng ngh ca Tng Cng Ty
C Phn Bia, Ru, Nc Gii Kht Si Gn( SABECO), i ng k s v cng
nhn nh my th tr, lnh ngh, nng ng, sng to v y nhit huyt, c
o to chuyn mn bi bn v ngy cng trng thnh, hon ton c th lm
ch k thut cng ngh, i ng qun l chuyn nghip v giu kinh nghim.
1.2. a im xy dng nh my
- Nh my c ta lc ti ni c v tr a l thun li, vi nn t cao, n nh
v bng phng thun tin cho vic xy dng, t h thng tank ln men cng
nh cc silo malt v go, h thng bn lc ncBn cnh h thng c s
h tng k thut nh cp in, cp nc, x l nc thi, vin thng, ng giao
thng c u t ng b m bo s thun tin cho sn xut ca nh my.


Nhm SVTT 7

ng b v cng Khong cch (km)
TP. H Ch Minh 18
Cng Si Gn 19
KCN Sng Thn 2,5
Quc l 1k 3,5
Cng ng Nai - Cng Bnh Dng 5
Cng Th Vi 40
Cng Bn Ngh 30
Ga ng st Sng Thn 2,5
Bng 1.1.V tr nh my


Nhm SVTT 8


Nhm SVTT 9

1.3. S b tr mt bng nh my bia Si Gn Bnh Dng
Cng ph
Nh n
Chit lon Chit chai
Cp lnh
L hi
P. Bo V
KV- Ln Men
KCS
Khi hnh chnh
Nh xe NV
P.
Bo
V
H CIP-Lc bia
Nhp liu
nau
KV- Nu
Kho Nliu
X. c kh
B
u

x
e

t
i

H thng x l nc thi
Kho rc
Ni xut bia
Cng chnh
Hnh 1.2. S mt bng nh my bia Si Gn Bnh Dng.
Hinh 2

X l nc

Nhm SVTT 10

PX
NU
(18)

1.4.S t chc ca nh my bia Si Gn Bnh Dng
1.4.1.Trch nhim v quyn hn ca Gim c nh my
Gim c nh my l ngi gip vic cho Tng Gim c cng ty trong
vic qun l, iu hnh ton b hot ng sn xut ti chi nhnh v chu s ch
o chuyn mn ca Ph Tng Gim c cng ty ph trch sn xut. Gip
vic cho Gim c nh my c cc Ph Gim c hnh chnh v Ph Gim c
sn xut.
1.4.2. Trch nhim v quyn hn ca Ph Gim c nh my ph trch hnh
chnh
Ph Gim c ph trch hnh chnh l ngi gip vic cho Gim c nh
my trong cng tc qun tr Hnh Chnh v Nhn S, bao gm vic cung cp
v qun l ti sn, my mc, phng tin, dng c dng trong khi vn phng;
cc hot ng tip khch, hi hp, phong tro, thm hi, v hot ng kim
Gim c
Ph Gim c
Sn Xut
Ph Gim c
Hnh Chnh
P. K Thut P. Hnh Chnh

PX
Cng Ngh
PX
Chit

PX
ng Lc
T
KCS
Phng
Vt T

X l nc
thi

Hnh 1.3. S t chc nh my bia Si Gn Bnh Dng.
Hinh 3


Nhm SVTT 11

sot hnh chnh v: an ton lao ng v v sinh cng nghip, v sinh thc
phm, an ninh trt t v phng chng chy n, cng tc qun tr nhn s, lao
ng tin lng, ch chnh sch, chm sc sc khe cho ngi lao ng.
1.4.3. Trch nhim v quyn hn ca Ph Gim c nh my ph trch sn
xut
Ph Gim c nh my ph trch sn xut l ngi gip vic cho Gim c
trong cng tc t chc iu hnh khi k thut - sn xut - cung ng ti nh
my. Chu trch nhim ch tr xy dng k hoch v ch o ton b qu trnh
sn xut, t vn cho Phng K hoch vt t ca cng ty ln k hoch m bo
cung cp nguyn nhin liu, vt t, ph tng phc v sn xut. xut vic sp
xp nhn s v khng ngng ci tin h thng qun l cht lng.
1.4.4. Chc nng v nhim v ca Phng Hnh Chnh
Tham mu, xut cho Ban Gim c cc quan im, cc gii php mang
tnh chin lc v sch lc trong cng tc qun l iu hnh doanh nghip v
lnh vc hnh chnh v nhn s
T chc thc hin ch trng, chnh sch, k hoch ca cng ty, lp k
hoch ng thi t chc trin khai thc hin k hoch ngn hn, trung hn v di
hn trong phm vi hnh chnh - nhn s v mc tiu ca chin lc sn xut kinh
doanh
Kim tra, gim st, khen thng v x l vi phm, t chc thc hin v duy
tr thng xuyn vai tr n c, kim tra, gim st, xut khen thng v x
l cc vi phm ca cc tp th, cc c nhn trong vic thc hin k hoch cng
tc v ni qui lao ng

Nhm SVTT 12

Tng kt, nh gi, thng xuyn nh gi kt qu trin khai s kt,
tng kt rt ra bi hc kinh nghim nng cao hiu qu hot ng hnh chnh,
nhn s.
1.4.5. Chc nng v nhim v Phng K thut
Phng K Thut l mt b phn chc nng, gip vic cho Ban Gim c v
k thut - cng ngh sn xut bia c chc nng sau y:
Tham mu cho Ban Gim c trong vic ra cc gii php k thut -
cng ngh c tnh chin lc, sng to phc v yu cu sn xut, kinh doanh.
T chc, qun l v hng dn cc phn xng thc hin cc mt cng
tc chuyn mn v cng ngh sn xut bia, v vn hnh cc thit b p lc; h
thng iu khin in - in t ng; thc hin cng vic v c kh ch to; vn
hnh h thng x l mi trng v kim sot cht lng trong ton b qu trnh
sn xut.
Tham gia hoch nh, duy tr v pht trin ngun lc ca doanh nghip,
bao gm: nhn lc, vt lc, ti lc.
Tng kt, nh gi, rt ra bi hc kinh nghim trong iu hnh sn xut
v cc mt cng tc khc.
1.4.6. Chc nng v nhim v Phn Xng Cng Ngh
Phn Xng Cng Ngh l mt b phn chc nng, gip vic cho Ban Gim
c v k thut - cng ngh nu - ln men - lc bia.
Tham mu cho Ban Gim c trong vic ra cc gii php k thut -
cng ngh phc v yu cu sn xut, kinh doanh.
T chc, qun l v thc hin k hoch nu, ln men, lc bia, x l v
cung cp nc do Ban Gim c v Phng k thut giao.

Nhm SVTT 13

Tng kt, nh gi, rt ra bi hc kinh nghim trong qu trnh sn xut v
cc mt cng tc khc.
1.4.7. Chc nng v nim v Phn Xng Chit
Phn Xng Chit l mt b phn chc nng, gip vic cho Ban Gim c
v cng on cui cng ca qu trnh sn xut bia l ng gi sn phm.
Tham mu cho Ban Gim c ra cc gii php khoa hc k thut phc
v yu cu sn xut, kinh doanh.
T chc, qun l v thc hin cc mt cng tc chuyn mn v k thut
chit bia v bo qun, vn chuyn, giao nhn bao b, ph liu v thnh phm
theo k hoch.
v cc mt cng tc khc.
1.4.8. Chc nng v nhim v Phn Xng ng lc
Phn xng ng lc l mt b phn chc nng, gip vic cho Ban Gim
c v k thut c kh, in, in t ng, bo tr, bo dng my mc; vn
hnh cc thit b p lc phc v dy chuyn sn xut bia.
T chc, qun l v thc hin cc mt cng tc chuyn mn v l hi,
my lnh, my nn kh, in, cung cp CO
2
phc v sn xut.

Nhm SVTT 14

v cc mt cng tc khc.
1.4.9. Chc nng v nhim v B phn Kho, Vt T
Thc hin theo k hoch ca phng KHVT v vic cung ng, giao - nhn,
lun chuyn ni b, lu tr:
Nguyn liu, nhin liu, ha cht,Thnh phm, Thit b, vt t, ph tng.
Phng tin, dng c, bao b, nhn mc, ph liu...phc v sn xut.
Cc loi dng phc v sn xut v sinh hot nh nhu yu phm, vn
phng phm.
1.4.10.Chc nng v nhim v b phn X L Nc Thi
B Phn X L Nc Thi b phn chc nng, c nhim v tp trung ton
b nc thi trong nh my em x l:
T chc, qun l v thc hin cc mt cng tc chuyn mn v k thut
x l ncthi.
Tng kt, nh gi, rt ra bi hc kinh nghim trong iu hnh
sn xut v cc mt cng tc khc.


Nhm SVTT 15

1.5. An toa
n lao ng trong nha
ma
y
m bo an ton lao ng trong qu trnh sn xut nh my :
T chc tp hun cho cn b cng nhn vin v an ton lao ng.
Thnh lp hi ng bo h lao ng theo quy nh, gm 5 thnh vin
thc hin cc cng vic v an ton lao ng nh kho st trang thit b, tuyn
truyn gim st an ton lao ng trong sn xut. Cc thnh vin c ban
qun l khu cng nghip cp giy chng nhn hun luyn an ton lao ng.
Nh my trang b dng c, phng tin m bo an ton lao ng(ng,
dy ai, mt n).
Thng xuyn cp nhp thng tin v an ton v sinh lao ng m nh
nc ra.
1.6. Cng ta
c pho
ng cha
y ch
a cha
y
1.6.1. T ch
c
Nh my c mt i phng chy cha chy ti ch gm 36 thnh vin, mt
i trng, 2 i ph.Ban Gim c k quyt nh thnh lp vo ngy
01/05/2007.
1.6.2. C ch hoa t ng
Cng an tnh Bnh Dng hun luyn v nhim v phng chy
cha chy v cp giy chng nhn s 160(06/05/2008) cho cc thnh vin.
Hng nm nh my c phi hp vi cng an tnh Bnh Dng t chc
lp tp hun PCCC, hng dn cc phng n PCCC.


Nhm SVTT 16

1.6.3. H th ng pho
ng cha
y ch
a cha
y
C b nc hn 1000m
3
phc v, c my n, bm, h thng vi van,
bnh cha chy ti cac im phn b c th theo s . Ngoi ra c thang, ct,
xng, h thng bo chy t ng.
1.7.V sinh cng nghip v x l nc thi, ph phm ti nh my
1.7.1. V sinh cng nghip ti nh my bia Si Gn Bnh Dng.
Nh my c h thng CIP kh hin i v t ng, m bo thit b trong
sut qu trnh sn xut lun c sch s, m bo cc ch tiu v an ton v
sinh thc phm.
Cc bc tin hnh hnh v sinh thit b trong sn xut
Sc ra trc vi nc
Dung dch kim - Sc ra trung gian
Trung ha vi acid
Sc ra nc
Thm cht st trng


Nhm SVTT 17

a. CIP b phn nu
CIP sau mi m nu ( nc 80
0
C) CIP nh k 1 tun nu lin tc.
Bng 1.2.Thi gian v ha cht CIP

Thit b Thi gian Ha cht (%) H
2
O nng
Ni go
30
NaOH
(2-2.5%)
Sch NaOH
Ni malt
30
NaOH
(2-2.5%)
Sch NaOH
Trung gian
30
NaOH
(2-2.5%)
Sch NaOH
Ni lc
30
NaOH
(2-2.5%)
Sch NaOH
Lng xoy
30
NaOH
(2-2.5%)
Sch NaOH
Ni si hoa
75
NaOH
(2-2.5%)
Sch NaOH
Lnh nhanh
45
NaOH
(2-2.5%)
Sch NaOH +
OXONIA

Nhm SVTT 18

b. CIP h thng ln men
Ha cht
NaOH (lnh)
NaOH (nng)
TrimectaHC (1-1.5)
Oxonia (0.3-0.5)
Nc ( nng, lnh).
Phng php: gm 2 phng php
CIP nng: ng thu hi men, ng lc bia, ng cn bng
p, ng thu hi CO
2
, ng cp kh.
CIP lnh: tank ln men, tank thnh phm, tank bo qun men,
ng cp men.
c. CIP h thng lc
Ha cht:
HNO
3
:1%
NaOH (nng)
Nc
Nguyn tc.
Cip nh k 1 tun/ln nu sn xut lin tc
Trng hp ngh do k hoch, nu ngh t 12h tr ln s

Nhm SVTT 19

tin hnh CIP nh k thit b khi kt thc lc l cui.
d. CIP chit.
Ha cht:
HNO
3
:1%
NaOH(nng)
Nc
Nguyn tc.
CIP nc nng vi 5 l/ ln.
CIP nh k 7 ngy/ ln nu sn xut lin tc.
1.7.2. X l nc thi ti nh my Bia Si Gn Bnh Dng
1.7.2.1. c im ca nc thi trong nh my sn xut bia
Sn xut bia tiu tn mt lng nc kh ln: 20 - 21 m
3
/1000lit bia thnh
phm. Trong , 55 - 65% nc thi phi x l lm sch n t tiu chun dng
chy cho php. Cng ging nh nc thi ca cc nh my ch bin thc phm,
nc thi ca qu trnh sn xut bia cha lng ln cht hu c ch yu l cn
protein, xc men bia, tinh bt, ng, b hoa, protein khng tan, cellulose.
Vi thnh phn nh trn nc thi ca sn xut bia s l mi trng rt tt
cho Vi sinh vt (VSV) gy thi hot ng pht trin. Nc thi ca sn xut bia
cng vi nc thi sinh hot s l ngun gy nhim nghim trng cho mi sinh
ca chnh khu vc sn xut v c mi trng xung quanh. V vy nc thi ca
qu trnh sn xut bia cn phi c x l t tiu chun dng thi, trnh gy
nhim mi sinh v m bo v sinh cng nghip cho chnh c s sn xut.

Nhm SVTT 20

Mt s chng VSV c kh nng xy ha mnh cc cht hu c c trong
nc nc thi in hnh l:
Mt s Vi khun h hp hiu kh: Alrobacter, Bacillus, Pseudmnas,
Flavobacterium, Citrobacter...
Mt s Vi khun h hp ty tin: Cellulomonas biazotea,
Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Nitrosomonas spec.
Mt s vi khun dng si thng c mt trong bn hot ha nh:
Sphocrotilus natans, vi khun lu hunh Thiothrix, nm Geotrichium candium,
"Bn hot ha ca qu trnh x l nc thi nh my bia Bi
nh Dng
c tuyn chn t nc thi ca nh my v c hot ha m bo hot
lc cho qu trnh xy ha lm sch nc thi
1.7.2.2. Quy trnh x l nc thi

Ngun nc thi
Song chn rc B gom
Tch rc
B trung gian
B Aerotank
B lng UASB
B UASB B cn bng
B lng Aerotank
Nc
x l
Hnh1.4.Quy trnh x l nc thi
Hinh 4

Nhm SVTT 21

Ton b h thng x l nc thi c chia ra lm bn phn chnh:
1. X l cn bng.
2. X l ym kh.
3. X l nn bn.
4. X l Arotank v kh trng.
Nguyn l vn hnh ca h thng:
Nc thi ca ton b nh my s c thu gom v b gom nc thi,
thng qua cc h thng tch rc nc thi s c bm qua b cn bng. Ti b
ny nc thi s c iu chnh li PH bng cc bm ho cht H
2
SO4 v
NaOH. Sau nc t b cn bng s c bm qua b ym kh (UASB). Ti
b ny xy ra qu trnh ym kh phn hu cc cht hu c. Sau bn lng
ng ti b ny s c bm qua b nn bn, bn ti cc b nn bn s c x
l bi my p bn bng ti. Nc t cc b (UASB) s c t chy qua b
trung gian v chy qua h thng b Arotank. Sau khi nc qua h thng b
Arotank s c bm qua b kh trng. Ti b kh trng nc s c kh
trng bng NaOCL v sau s c ra mi trng. x l nc thi cng
ty s dng phng php x l sinh hc c tn l: X l hiu kh bng bn hot
ha. Qu trnh x l c thc hin trong b sc kh (b oxy ha hay b aeroten).
y, b c sc kh lin tc, to kh nng khuy trn nhiu hn. Trong h
thng x l bng bn hot ha, VSV sinh trng v pht trin trng thi l
lng trong nc thi. Khng kh c cp lin tc nhm m bo yu cu ca
hai qu trnh: bo ha oxy gip cho VSV thc hin qu trnh oxy ha cc cht
hu c v duy tr bn(VSV) trng thi l lng trong dch x l, to hn hp

Nhm SVTT 22

lng - huyn ph, gip cho VSV tip xc lin tc vi cht hu c ha tan trong
nc, thc hin qu trnh phn hy hiu kh lm sch nc
1.7.3. X l ph phm trong qu trnh sn xut
X l ph phm nu
Cc ph phm nh nu nh b hm, bi malt, bi go th c h thng cha
ng ring. Chng s c bn cho cc n v sn xut thc n gia xc.
Cn cc loi tp cht nh si, bao b s c tp trung v chuyn ti
kho rc phn loi v mang di x l.
X l ph phm Ln men
Men loi b trong qu trnh sn xut s c thu hi vo bn cha men thi,
lng men thi ny s c mang ra khi nh my bi cc xe cha men thi ca
cc c s sn xut thc n gia xc.
X l ph phm b phn lc bia
Cc ph thi ca b phn lc th ch c b bt tr lc v bao b cha bt tr
lc,b bt tr lc th c cha trong cc bn cha ring bit v s c b
phn x l ti mang i. Tn sut ch b bt lc ca b phn x l cn ph thuc
vo thi gian hot ng ca b phn lc, thng thng l 1 ngy/ ln ch.
Bao b cha bt tr lc s c tp trung v chuyn v kho rc phn loi
v x l.
X l ph phm chit
V chai, lon b h hng, mp mo, v bao b cha nhn s c tp trung
v chuyn ti kho rc ca nh my phn loi v x l.

Nhm SVTT 23

CHNG 2: NGUYN LIU SN XUT
2.1. Malt
2.1.1. Ngun gc ca malt trong sn xut
bia
Nh my s dng ngun malt nhp
t cc nc c, Canada, Trung Quc. Malt
l ngun nguyn liu khng th thay th
hon ton, n to ra mu sc v mi v c
trng cho bia.

2.1.2. Yu cu cm quan - ha l c hc ca malt ti nh my Bia Si Gn
Bnh Dng.
Cm quan
- C mu vng sng, c mi thm nh c trng, khng c mi v l.
- Khng b mi mt, khng b mc.
- Khng ln tp cht, ht khng b v, b bnh.
- Ht ny mm u, khi nhm c v ngt.

Hnh 2.1.Hnh nguyn liu malt
Hinh 5

Nhm SVTT 24

Yu cu ha l c hc
Bng 2.1. Ch tiu ha l - c hc ca malt ti nh my Bia Si
Gn Bnh Dng.
Ch tiu ha l
STT Ch tiu Mc ch tiu
1 m 6-8%
2 ha tan 65-75%
3 Tinh bt 56-58%
4 Protit 8-10%
5 Hemixenlluloza 6-9%
6 Polyphenol 5-8%
7 Cc cht khong, tro 2,5%
8 Cc cht hu c
9 Hot lc amilaza 200-250wk (widish-
kolback).
Ch tiu c hc
10 Dung trng 530-600 g/lt
11 Trng lng tuyt i (l trng lng
ca 1000 ht matl)
28-38 g/1000ht
12 Kch thc ht 2,5-2,8mm

Nhm SVTT 25

Bng 2.2. Cc ch tiu ca malt nhp v
Ch tiu nguyn liu nhp v
Cng
on
Ch tiu kim sot Mc yu cu Tn sut
Nhp
malt
Xut x Theo quy nh
Sabeco
1 ln/ l
m (%) 5,0
C ht qua sng >
2,5mm (%)
85
C ht qua sng <
2,2mm (%)
1,5
T l tp cht (%) 0,5
HT xay
nhuyn/cht kh
(%)
80
Chnh lch xay
nhuyn-xay th
1,8
Tng Protein (%) 9,5-11,5
Protein ha tan (%) 4-4,7
Ch s Kolbach 38-43
Hot lc (WK) 260-320

Nhm SVTT 26

Thi gian ng
ha (pht)
15
pH 5,6-6,0
mu (
o
EBC) 3-4,5
trong (
o
EBC) 5,0
Tc lc Bnh thng
Tnh trng bao b Nu cha trong
bao: nguyn ai,
nguyn kin
Nu cha trong
container: cn
nguyn seal
1 ln/container
Hn s dng cn
li khi nhp kho
(thng)
4 1 ln/l
M s l hang Trng vi m s
trn phiu CA.
xc nhn trng thi
th nghim
SABECO
1 ln/l
2.2. Hoa houblon
2.2.1. Ngun gc ca houblon trong sn xut bia ti nh my
Hoa houblon l nguyn liu c bn, ng th hai trong cng ngh sn
xut bia. Ti nh my, hoa houblon dng trong sn xut c nhp t c,
M. Cht lng hoa theo tiu chun ca SABECO.

Nhm SVTT 27

2.2.2.Dng houblon s dng:
Ti nh my bia Si Gn Bnh Dng s dng hai dng: houblon vin v
houblon cao.

2.2.2. Yu cu cht lng ca hoa houblon
Bng 2.3. Yu cu cht lng ca hoa houblon
S
th
t
Thnh
phn
Mc ch tiu
1 m 10 13%
2 Cht ng 12 21%
3 Axit ng 6 8%
4 ng 3%
5 Nha
ng
7 8%
Hnh 2.2.Houblon vin
Hinh 7
Hnh 2.3. Houblon cao
Hinh 6

Nhm SVTT 28

Bng 2.4. Ch tiu houblon cho sn xut
Houblon dng vin Houblon dng cao
Mu sc Xanh Vng sm
Mi Mi c trng Mi c trng
- acid 8% 30%
2.3. Nc
2.3.1. Ngun gc
Nh my x l hai ngun nc
Ngun nc ca Nh my nc D An :
Dng nu, phi ch, chit chai,Nc c bm t nh my nc D
An- Bnh Dng tri qua cc giai on x l than hot tnh v trao i ion.
Than hot tnh: x l nhm mc ch chnh hp th cc mi l trong nc v
gim lng Clo trong nc. S dng bn cha than hot tnh c mt ngy v sinh
mt ln, gm hai bn cha hot ng lun phin nhau.
6 Xelulose 12 14%
7 Tinh du
thm
0,3 1%
8 Tannin 2,5 6%
9 Este 4,4%
10 Protein 15 21%
11 Tro 5 10%

Nhm SVTT 29

Vt liu lc: Cc ht than hot tnh c hot tnh rt ln, c kh nng hp th
cc phn t kh, cc phn t dng lng, cc cht mu v mi ha tan trong nc ln
b mt than.
Mc ch: Nh cc cation v anion lm bng ht nha c bit c kh nng
hp th nhng cation v anion c trong nc gy ra cng trong nc, lm cho
nc tr nn mm v c pH = 6-8, ph hp cho sn xut.
Ti nh my c hai h thng trao i ion hot ng lun phin nhau, khi h
thng ny ngng hot ng bo tr v ti sinh cc ht nha trao i ion th h
thng kia hot ng bo m cho nc c cp lin tc cho nh my hot ng
lin tc.
Nguyn tc hot ng
Ti ct trao i cation: Nc c i t di ln s tip xc vi cc ht nha
cationit R(H)
+
th cc ion dng nh Ca
2+
, Na
+
, K
+
, Mg
2+
s c gi li v nc
i ra khi ct c hm lng ion kim loi thp nhng c tnh acid, sau nc tip
tc theo ng ng qua ct trao i anion.
Ti ct trao i anion: Nc c loi b nhng ion m nh OH
-
, Cl
-
, nc
ra khi ct anion l nc mm, t tp cht.


Nhm SVTT 30

Hnh 2.4.Kim sot qu trnh trao i ion x l nc
Ngun nc ging:Dng vo mc ch chnh l ra, v sinh ng ngNgoi ra
khi ngun nc thy cc thiu ht th ngun nc ging s c b sung.

Hnh 2.5Kim sot qu trnh x l nc th bng h thng my tnh
H thng lc th gm 3 b nc ln cha ngun nc ging, hot ng theo

Nhm SVTT 31

nguyn tc chy trn t bn th nht sang bn th hai, v t bn th hai sang bn
th ba. Sau khi nc tri qua cc giai on lc th phn ln cc tp cht c kch
thc ln c loi b. Nc tip tc tri qua giai on x l bng than hot
tnh v trao i ion lm mm nc.
Ring cc thng lc trao i ion c 7 ngy s c ti to mt ln. Cc thng trao
i cation s dng acid HCl ti to, cn thng anion dng NaOH ti to.
2.3.2. Yu cu cht lng ngun nc
Trong qu trnh sn xut bia, nc c s dng rng ri trong mi
khu, t cc cng on chnh nh nu, lc ... n cc khu v sinh. Trong
thnh phn bia, nc cng chim mt lng ln (80 90%), gp phn hnh
thnh nn hng v ca bia. Bi vy, nc dng trong sn xut bia phi c cht
lng tt, p ng c cc ch tiu ca nc sinh hot.

Hnh 2.6. H thng x l nc ti nh my

Nhm SVTT 32

nh my bia nc sinh hot, v sinh cng nghip v nc nu bia phi
t tiu chun sau:
Bng 2.5. Cc ch tiu ca nc ti Nh my.
Cng on V tr
Ch tiu kim
sot
Mc yu
cu
Gi tr
mong mun
Tn sut
Nc (ging
D An)
Ging
1, 2 vi
nc D
An
Gim st tt c ch tiu theo quy chun quc gia v cht
lng nc mt QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT, cht lng nc
ngm QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT
Vi nc D An, kim tra hm lng Clo d
(0.3 0.5 mg/l)
1 ln/ngy
Nc qua
x l th
dng sinh
hot VSCN,
thanh trng,
lm mt,
MMTB,v
u vo h
x l nc
nu bia, ra
chai
B
nc
KCN-
B
nc
ging
Mu sc (TCV) 15
1 ln/tun
Mi, v Mi Clo, khng mi, v l
1 ln/ngy
kim tng (
o
F) 4.0
mn (quy v
mg NaCl/l)
150
Clo t do (mg/l) 0.3 0.5
c (%Neph) 13.4
Hm lng st
(mg/l)
0.3
1 ln/tun
Ch s
pecmanganat
(mg/l)
0.3
Hm lng Asen
tng s (mg/l)
0.01
Khi c yu
cu
Gim st QCVN
01:2009/BYT
Theo QCVN 01:2009/BYT
Nc nu
bia
Thng
26
o
C
Mi, v Khng c mi, v l
3 ln/ngy
v m bo
ti thiu 1
kim tng (
o
F) 4.0 2.0
Hm lng mui
(quy v mg
50

Nhm SVTT 33

NaCl/l) ln/tank nu
cng tng (
o
F) 5.0 2.0
pH 6.2 7.5
trong
(%Neph)
13.4 13.4
Clo t do (mg/l) 0.05
2 ln/ngy
Tng st (mg/l) 0.1
1 ln/thng
Hm lng
Mangan (mg/l)
0.1
Hm ng nitrit
(mg/l)
0
Hm lng nitrat
(mg/l)
25.0


Nhm SVTT 34

*KT QU THC T KIM TRA 1 S CH TIU NC TI NH MY

Hnh 2.7.Biu kim tra ch tiu pH nc nu bia

Hnh 2.8.Biu kim tra cng tng nc nu bia

Nhm SVTT 35

Hnh 2.9.Biu kim tra hm lng mui
Qua kho st ch tiu pH, cng tng, hm lng mui nc nu bia ti 7 tank
ti nh my v t 3 biu trn ta c th kt lun cc ch tiu c nh my kim
sot trong vng cho php m bo cht lng, tuy nhin s n nh qua cc ln
kim tra cc ch tiu ti cc tank l cha cao c th hin qua cc im nm ngoi
vng n nh trn biu .


Nhm SVTT 36

2.4. Nm men
2.4.1. Ngun gc
Ti nh my c hai ngun nm men c s dng:
- Men mi c nhp t tng cng ty v, c cho vo bn cha 5
o
C v s
c s dng sau vi gi. Men ny c nhn sinh khi v thng l i
th 3, th 4.
- Men ti s dng c thu hi sau qu trnh ln men chnh. Men ny c
bo qun trong tank cha men v c iu chnh nhit v nhit 5
o
C.
Men ny c tin hnh sn xut v thu hi ti i th 8 th b.
2.4.2. Chng nm men trong sn xut bia ti nh my
Nm men chm
Ti nh my Bia Si Gn - Bnh Dng, nm men chm
Saccharomyces carlbergensis c dng trong sn xut, chng c kh
nng ln men cc loi ng trisaccarit, c kh nng kt dnh vi nhau
v lng xung cui qu trnh ln men chnh.
Saccharomyces carlsbergensis: vi cc c tnh sau:
- Nhit ln men: 0 10
0
C.
- Ln men mnh trong lng mi trng.
- Khi s dng ht ngun Cacbon trong mi trng cc t bo nm men kt
chm hoc chui v lng nhanh xung y thng, gip bia trong nhanh hn.
- Ln men c: glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, saccharose, maltose,
c bit ln men tt rafinose, dextrin, melibiose.
- Khng ln men c cc ng: lactose, inulin, arabinose, cellobiose, manit,
sorbit .

Nhm SVTT 37

2.4.3. Cc ch tiu kim sot nm men ti nh my.
Bng 2.6. Cc thng s kim sot nm men
Ch tiu
Yu
cu
n v tnh Nhn vin
m c 50-80 % KCS
Ti s dng <=8 Ln KCS
Nhit tr
men
2-5
0
C

LM
% T bo cht <=10 % KCS
2.5. Th liu go.
2.5.1. Ngun gc
Go c chn lm ngun nguyn liu thay th
v go c hm lng tinh bt cao v l ngun
nguyn liu di do ca nc ta.
Nh my s dng go thay th cho malt
nhm lm gim gi thnh sn phm, ci thin mi
v bia.
T l phi trn go v malt l 1:3

Hnh 2.10. Hnh th liu go
Hinh 8

Nhm SVTT 38

2.5.2. Cc ch tiu nh gi cht lng go
Bng 2.7. Ch tiu nh gi cht lng go
Nguyn
liu
Ch tiu Mc ch tiu Tn sut
Go
(Tiu
chun
go xut
x t Vit
Nam)
T l tp cht 0.05
1 ln/l,
ly mu
gim st 3
ln/xe
m 14.5
Ngoi quan, mi, su, mt, mu
sc, mi l
Khng
Tnh trng bao b Kh ro, sch s
T l tm (%W) 25
T l tm ln trung bnh 25
T l tm b (%W) 2.0
Ht nguyn (%W) 40
Cht lng VSATTP
BSG-BKT-TH-
YCKT02
6
thng/ln/
nh cung
cp
2.6. Cc nguyn liu ph khc
Ngoi cc nguyn liu chnh trong sn xut bia, cn phi k n nhiu
nguyn liu ph khc c vai tr khng km phn quan trng, c bit l cng
nghip sn bia ngy nay. Cc nguyn liu ph ny c th k n l cc ha
cht s dng trong cng ngh ty ra hay s dng tng hiu qu ca cc
cng on sn xut nh cc loi bt tr lc, cc cht n nh

Nhm SVTT 39

- Nhm cc cht ph gia dng x l nc: nhm ny c th dng cc ha cht
km mm nc phc v cho sn xut v ni hi, l cc mui Na
2
CO
3
, NaCl,
Al
2
O
3
.
- Nhm cc cht st trng nc v iu chnh pH: gm cc dung dch Clo, H
3
PO
4
.
Nhm cc cht ty ra st trng v sinh ng ng, thit b sn xut gm dung dch
axit, xt, ngoi ra c th dng nc ty ra CIP.
- Nhm cc cht dng thu hi CO
2
nh: NaOH, KMnO
4
, Clo khan, than
hot tnh.
- Nhm cc cht chng Oxy ha cho bia nh Vicant.
- Nhm cht tr lc nh: bt diatomid.
- Caramel: to mu cho bia
- PVPP: hp th polyphenol tng cng trong ca bia.
Bng 2.8. Cc nguyn liu ph khc
Mt s loi Acid s dng
Tn Acid Yu cu k thut Mc ch s dng
Acid lactic iu chnh pH ca dch
hm trong qu trnh nu
v ng ha
Mt s mui thng s dng trong sn xut bia
Tn mui Yu cu k thut Mc ch s dng
CaCl
2

Tinh khit B sung vo dch ng
ha bo v enzyme
khi tc ng ca nhit
ZnCl
2
Kch thch nm men tng
trng

Nhm SVTT 40

Cht tr lc
Thng s ha l Diatomit (1-300m)
Ngun gc T to bin
Cht lng t nhin B canxi ha nh
T trng 320-480
T trng nc (g/l) 290-4000
xp (%) 84-90


Nhm SVTT 41

CHNG 3: QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT BIA
3.1. S quy trnh cng ngh sn xut bia

Go
Nghin
H ho
Thu hi CO
2

Nc nng, 80
0
C
Caramel, ZnCl
2
,
Acid Lactic
xy tinh khit

Nhn
Lc bia
Bo ho CO
2

Malt
Houblon
cao / vin
m ha
Houblon ho
ng ha
Lng xoy
Lm lnh nhanh
Ln men chnh, t
o
7 9
o
C
Ln men ph, t
o
0,2 5
o
C
X l CO
2
Np bia vo TBF
Chit
Dn nhn
Bt lc, cht
bo qun
Chai, lon
Nghin
B
Cn
B men
Lc, ra tch b
Malt lt
(2 ln)
Thanh trng
Thnh phm

Thu hi men
Nc 26
0
C

Nc 26
0
C

Acid Lactic
CaCl
2
X l, bo qun

Nhm SVTT 42

3.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh

Bng 3.1. Nguyn ph liu cho 1 m nu
3.2.1. Nghin nguyn liu
Mc ch
Tng din tch tip xc gia nguyn liu vi nc qu trnh thy phn
din ra nhanh hn v d dng hn. Tuy nhin vi tng loi nguyn liu th mc
nghin nh khc nhau. Nghin malt cn gi cho cc mnh v tru khng b nt vn
to lp lc t nhin trong qu trnh lc tch b, i vi nguyn liu thay th th
do ht tinh bt cng ln kh b ph v v lu chn do phi c nghin mn.

STT NVL/M VT S lng tnh
1 Khi lng malt Kg 6100
2 Khi lng go Kg 2030
3 Nc Hl 450
4 Lng houblon cao/M (th) Kg 3,8
5 Lnghoublon vin HPE/M (th) Kg 10,1
6 Acic lactic Ml 5870
7 ZnCl
2
G 30
8 Caramel Kg 3
9 CaCl
2
G 7,9

Nhm SVTT 43

C s l thuyt
V tru malt c s dng nh mt cht tr lc dch ng v cng hn ch
cc cht ha tan ca n vo dch ng (gy mi v khng tt) ch ln nghin dp
hay bp khng nghin mn, m bo tch ht ni nh ra khi v.
Go th nghin n mn theo ng yu cu k thut s gip cho qu trnh
thy phn din ra nhanh v trit hn.
Lng Malt, Go em i xay nghin s c kim sot thng qua cc thng
s ci t( lng Malt s dng cho mt m nu l 5800kg/m, lng Go s dng
cho mi m nu l 2070kg/m).
Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh nghin
- Khong cch gia hai trc nghin ( i vi nghin malt),
3.2.1.1. Nghin malt :
Malt t xyclo cha (3 xyclo c dung tch 450 m
3
/silo ) theo xch ti c
truyn vo thit b nghin, ti y cc ht malt s c nghin n kch thc nht
nh nhm m bo yu cu k thut.
Nguyn liu malt th nh my Bia Si Gn Bnh Dng s dng hai loi my
nghin:
My nghin malt lt: l my nghin malt kh (malt khng ngm nc),
khi lng mi ln nghin malt lt b sung cho ni go l 155kg/ln ( 2 ln/ m).


Nhm SVTT 44

- Ln 1: Malt lt c trn vi nc cho vo ni nu ngay t u, malt
lt s c bm t di y ni. Ban u dch c nng ln 72
o
C. Trong
giai on ny enzyme -amylase c trong malt lt s xc tc dch ha s b
tinh bt. K n nhit nng ln 83
o
C thc hin qu trnh h ha tinh
bt.
- Ln 2: Sau khi h ha gn ht tinh bt, tip tc h nhit ni go
xung 72
o
C, lc ny b sung malt lt ln 2. Lng enzyme -amylase c
trong malt lt ln 2 s tip tc ct mch tinh bt h ha. Cui cng un
si ni go ln ti 100
o
C, gi trong 15-20 pht.
My nghin malt t: malt s c ngm, cp nc trong qu trnh
nghin, th tch nc ngm/m khong 35hl, nc b sung trong qu trnh
nghin khong 140hl, nc trng my nghin khong 3hl, nc s dng my
nghin malt l nc m khong 38
0
C.
Thit b: thit b nghin malt l my nghin mt cp trc, my c 2 trc iu
chnh lng nguyn liu, nng sut 6 tn/ h.


Nhm SVTT 45

Hnh 3.1. Thit b nghin malt t

Nhm SVTT 46

Nguyn tc hot ng
Lng malt cho mt m nu c vo thng malt t pha trn my
nghin t qua ng vn chuyn malt. Trc np pha trn cung cp matl ti
bn ngm c t trn nh ca my nghin t. Nc s dng cho ngm malt
c nhit khong 64
0
C v thi gian ngm l 5 pht. Trc np pha di np
matl ngm ti trc nghin ( ng knh 400mm, khong cch 0.35mm, tc
quay 440 vng/ pht). Sau matl c nghin nh bng cp trc nghin. Malt
sau khi nghin c a n ni nu matl.
Khong cch gn hay xa gia 2 trc nghin c vai tr quan trng v ht
nghin cng nh th din tch chu nh hng bi cc enzim cng ln, to iu
kin cho cc enzim thy phn hot ng nhanh rt ngn thi gian ng ha.
Tuy nhin, ta cng khng nn nghin nt lp v tru v trong lp v tru c th
cha cc protein gy ng nh hng n cht lng bia, ngoi ra v tru ny
cn l lp lc c s dng sau ny.

Hnh 3.2. Kim
sot qu trnh
nghin malt
bng h thng
my tnh

Mt s s c xy ra
- Cm bin thng ngm sai
- Nght bm sau qu trnh nghin

Nhm SVTT 47

- B tro malt qua ng x trn
- Mc bo hot ng b sai.
3.2.1.2 . Nghin go:
Go t silo cha theo xch ti c truyn vo thit b nghin, ti y cc ht
malt s c nghin n kch thc nht nh nhm m bo yu cu k thut
Thit b: Cu trc tinh bt rt cng kh b thy phn do phi c
nghin cng k cng tt , do ngi ta s dng thit b my nghin ba.
Cu to

My nghin ba l my c cu to bi thn my hnh tr, y cn 60
0
,
pha trn c roto quay. Roto ny c lp p trn v my, pha u trc di ca
roto c lp mt a, trn a c lp nhiu ba theo dng i xng. my
vng chc, bn trong c trc, ba, sng. Cc ba, sng c th thay th c khi
mn.
Hnh 3.3. Thit b nghin ba
1.Phu cha nguyn liu
2..Trc phn phi nguyn liu
3.Mng trt
4.Roto
5.Sng
6.Khng kh vo
7.Ht vo b phn nghin
8.Ba
9.Bt nghin ra
10.Sng chng rung

Nhm SVTT 48

Nguyn tc hot ng
Nguyn liu i qua my nghin nh ng lc ca qut ht di my nghin.
Nguyn liu c ht qua ca vo, qua phn g hnh tam gic. Trc khi vo
my nghin nguyn liu cn c i qua nam chm mnh ht ht nhng mnh
st vn cn li trong nguyn liu.
Nguyn liu xung pha di, b dp nt bi cc ba p quay vi tc
3000 vng/pht.
My c hp i chiu, dng thay i chiu quay ca ba p, hn ch trng
hp ba b dp mt pha. My nghin c tt c 72 ba, c xp thnh 8 dy, mi
dy 9 ba.
Trong phn thn, nguyn liu c nghin do ma st ca nguyn liu, li
nghin v ba nghin. Kch thc ht sau khi nghin ph thuc vo tc quay
ca roto v ng knh l li nghin. ng knh l li nghin go l 2mm.
Bt sau khi nghin c qut ht qua li nghin v vo b phn tch bi.Sau
bt s c a vo thng cha. T thng bt, nguyn liu c vt ti
chuyn xung ng thi trn lun vi nc trn ng ng ri i vo ni nu
tng 1.
Mt s s c xy ra
- Go cung mnh, tc li sng.
- Mo ba, mo li
- t xch chuyn go
- Chy moto nghin

Nhm SVTT 49

Hnh 3.4.Kim sot qu trnh nghin go bng h thng my tnh
3.2.2. Qa trnh nu
Mc ch
Qu trnh nu nhm chuyn cc cht khng ha tan ca bt nghin sang dng
ha tan, nhm thc hin qu trnh ng ha to ra dch nha cung cp cho qu
trnh ln men chnh sau ny.

Nhm SVTT 50

Bt go
Bt malt
Ha trn vi nc trong 20 pht
Nng nhit 72
o
C trong 30 pht
Dch ha trong 20 pht
Nng nhit 83
o
C trong 10 pht
H ha trong 5 pht
H nhit 72
o
C trong 10 pht
Gi nhit 72
o
C trong 20 pht
Nng nhit 100
o
C trong 30 pht
un si trong 15 pht
Ha trn vi nc trong 20 pht
Nng nhit 50
o
C trong 30 pht
m ha trong 1 pht
Hi cho trong 10 pht
ng ha trong 30 pht
Nng nhit 75
o
C trong 20 pht
Gi nhit 75
o
C trong 15 pht
Nng nhit 76
o
C trong 5 pht
Lc trong
Ni trung gian
Houblon ha
Lng xoy Lm lnh nhanh


Nhm SVTT 51

Hnh 3.5. S quy trnh nu
Hinh 9

Hnh 3.6. S thit b nu malt v nu go
Cc bin i c bn trong qu trnh nu:
S h ha:
Tinh bt i mch h ha nhit 60-85
o
C.
S dch ha:
Din ra rt chm, thm ch hng gi nu tinh bt cha c h ha xong, nu

Nhm SVTT 52

khi tinh bt c h ha th ch cn vi pht. Nhit tt nht l 65-70
o
C,
pH l 4,6.
S ng ha:
L s bin i ca tinh bt dch ha thnh dextrin v mantoza di tc
ng ca hai enzyme:
-amylasedextrin ha
-amylasemantose
3.2.2.1. Ha bt vi nc
L qu trnh ha trn mt cch chnh xc bt (malt nghin v nguyn liu
thay th bt go) vi nc nu mt nhit , t l xc nh.
Lng nc phi trn
Xc nh t l gia bt v nc trc khi tin hnh trn rt quan trng bi n
quyt nh n nng dch ban u. Lng nc c th c tnh trung bnh nh
sau: 100 kg bt + 300 lt nc, theo cch tnh ny s thu c dch ng c nng
khong 20%. Thc t nng cht dch chit lc u thng l 16 20 %, sau
dng mt lng nc va ra b ri thu hi phn cht chit cn bm trn
b. Dch thu c sau khi ra trn vi dch chit lc lm long dch ng. i
vi bia vng th t l nc/bt l 400 500 lit/100 kg bt, cn bia en th t l
ny l 300 350 lit/kg bt.

Nhm SVTT 53

Hnh 3.7. Ha trn malt sau nghin vo ni nu
Nhit phi trn
Nhit phi trn lin quan ti nhit ca enzym cn kch thch ngay t
u. Cc ht tinh bt trong malt b bao bc bi mng li cc protein trong c
cc hemixeluloza v glucan ca thnh ph xon vo nhau. c th tc ng vo
tinh bt th cn phi ph v mng li ny.
qu trnh thy phn tinh bt xy ra th protein, hemixenluloza v glycan
phi c phn ct. Cc hp cht ny c thy phn mnh nhit l 45-50
o
C
(nhit ti u ca proteaza 45 50
o
C, ca glycanaza 45
0
C) nhng c hai c cht
v enzym u ha tan ngay vo dung dch 35
o
C. Do vy m ln men t cao
hn khi nhit ha bt thp hn.
3.2.2.2. Qu trnh h ha

Nhm SVTT 54

Hnh 3.8. Biu thi gian, m nu

Nhm SVTT 55

Mc ch
Ph v mng tinh bt to iu kin cho enzyme hot ng, thc hin qu
trnh ng ha d dng.
C s l thuyt
i vi cc nguyn liu cha m mm nh go th cn tin hnh h ha
tinh bt (lm trng n tinh bt) v chng ch c thy phn v ng ha tt sau
khi c h ha. Khi ngm vi nc nng, mt lng nc ln ngm vo cc
phn t tinh bt lm th tch ht tng ln v lm ht bt trng n cui cng v
tung ra, khi mng t bo tinh bt b ph v s to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh
phn ct cc enzym sau ny.
Cc yu t nh hng
- Nhit , thi gian: nhit khng n nh nh hng n qu trnh
- p sut hi cp.
- Kch thc ca nguyn liu
Cch tin hnh
Bm nc 26
0
C vo ni h ha (khong 9 hl) ri t t cho malt lt ln 1
(155kg) v ni h ha, bt cnh khuy, tin hnh b sung H
2
SO
4
(khong 150ml).
Vic thm H
2
SO
4
vo giai on ny nhm tng kh nng h ha v pH ca dch
ng sau ny pH ca ni h cho sau khi nu xong t pH = 5,5.
Malt lt b sung vo ni h ha nhm cung cp amylase enzym thy phn c
trong malt s chuyn ha cc hp cht cao phn t (ch yu l cc hydratcacbon v
protein) ca tinh bt c trong go thnh cc phn t thp d ha tan.

Nhm SVTT 56

Ta nng nhit ni go t 26
0
C

ln 72
0
C trong 30 pht, gi nhit 72
o
C
trong vng 20 pht, trong thi gian ny cc enzym amylase trong malt lt hot ng,
xc tc cho s thy phn lin kt 1 4 glycozit bt k u khng kh ca tinh bt
v dng li khi gp lin kt 1 6 glycoside. Sn phm thy phn ch yu l dextrin,
mt t maltose v glucose.
Tip tc nng nhit ln 83
0
C trong 10 pht, gi nhit 83
o
C trong 5 pht.
Lc ny tinh bt hp th nc v trng n cc i, lm cho dch cho tr nn c
hn, cc lin kt 1- 4 glucoside enzyme amylase hot ng d dng hn.
Sau h nhit xung 72
0
C trong 10 pht bng cch b sung 13hl nc,
ng thi b sung malt lt ln 2 ngm nc vo nhm cung cp thm enzyme c
trong malt tip tc thy phn lin kt 1 4 glucoside trong ni cho v lm gim
nht ca dung dch, thc hin qu trnh dch ha, malt lt c b sung vo ni
vi lng l 155 kg gi nhit 72
o
C trong 20 pht.
Tip ta m van cp nhit ln 100
0
C trong 30 pht, v gi nhit ny
trong thi gian 15 pht nhm mc ch thanh trng, tng nhit ln t t n nhit
ti a enzyme amylase khng b sc nhit ng thi phn ct tinh bt trit ,
dch ha hon ton khi cho gip bm qua ni malt d dng hn.
3.2.2.3. m ha
Mc ch
Hot ha enzyme protease trong malt, phn ct cc lin kt peptit protein
thy phn thnh axit amin, peptit v cc peptone n gin.


Nhm SVTT 57

Cc yu t nh hng
- pH ca dung dch, pH qu cao hoc qu thp s nh hng n qu trnh m
ha. a s cc enzyme trong malt thch nghi pH = 5,2
- Nhit : Nhit m ha tt nht l 43-50
0
C. Cn iu chnh nhit
thch hp qu trnh m ha t hieu sut ti a.
- Hot ng ca enzyme trong malt, kch thc malt sau nghin cng nh
hng n qu trnh.
- T l nc: ci cng nh hng ln n tc phn ng. Nhng dung dch
m c hn s b thy phn yu hn.
Tin hnh
Bt malt sau khi nghin (5800kg malt, nc 26
0
C khong 187hl) s c
bm vo ni m ha (ni malt) ng thi bt cnh khuy, ha trn malt sau nghin
vi nc trong 20 pht. Nng nhit ca ni malt ln mt cch t t. Trong qu
trnh ny ta cho thm mt lng CaCl
2
vo (khong 7,5kg/m), acid lactic, ri tip
tc nng nhit ca ni m ha ln 50
0
C, trong 30 pht to iu kin cho enzyme
protease hot ng, v gi nhit ny trong 1 pht - y l nhit cho cc
enzyme thy phn protein v -glucan hot ng nhm m ha malt thnh
polypeptid, peptid v acid amin gip cho nm men hot ng tt hn trong qua trnh
ln men. Qu trnh m ha khng nn ko di v protein s b thy phn lm gim
bt ca bia thnh phm, ng thi lm hng v ca bia km m .
3.2.2.4. ng ha
Mc ch
To iu kin ti thch v nhit v pH ca mi trng h enzym
amylase trong malt hot ng, chng xc tc s chuyn ha hp cht cao phn t

Nhm SVTT 58

thnh cc hp cht phn t lng thp, ha tan bn vng, to thnh cht chit ca
dch thy phn v l ngun dinh dng cho nm men trong qu trnh ln men. Do
qu trnh ng ha to ra c cng nhiu cht chit v cht lng dch cng
cao cng tt.
Cc yu t nh hng
- Nhit : nhit cao hay thp s nh hng n qu trnh.
- Thi gian
- pH ca dch dng
Tin hnh
Dch cho c bm t ni go sang ni m ha tin hnh ng ha
trong 10 pht, nhit ni h ha lc ny l 100
0
C trong khi nhit ni malt l
50
0
C, v vy phi bm thm nc h nhit xung 65
0
C v gi nhit ny
trong thi gian 30 pht. Qu trnh ng ha s din ra, enzyme -amylase s hot
ng mnh thy phn tinh bt thnh ng. ( Sau khi tin hnh hi cho xong
ngi ta s tin hnh ly mu kim tra pH ca khi dch).
Nhit ny to iu kin ti thch cho amylase hot ng, phn ct lin tip
1 6 glycoside, sn phm to thnh l maltose, glycose, dextrin.
Tip tc nng nhit ln 75
o
C trong thi gian 20 pht, v gi nhit 75
o
C
trong 15 pht. Lc ny enzyme -amylase tip tc thy phn tinh bt st trong dch
ng. K n dch nha c nng ln khong 76-77
o
C nhm lm gim nht ca
dch ng, b tr lng nhit tn tht thit b lc, to iu kin thun li cho qu
trnh lc, tch b c din ra d dng.


Nhm SVTT 59

S thy phn tinh bt cn c theo di do tinh bt cn st v cc dextrin
mch di gy c bia. S thy phn tinh bt c kim tra bng iot 0,02N. Phng
php kim tra ny da trn th iot
Vic th iot da trn nguyn tc dung dch iot chuyn sang mu xanh
nhit phng vi tinh bt v dextrin c phn t lng ln, ngc li ng v
dextrin c phn t lng nh hn khng lm mt mu nu ca iot.
Cc dextrin c mch tng i di (trung bnh, c phn nhnh) th cn
to mu t xanh tm ti . S thay i mu ny khng phi lc no cng nhn
ra c nhng n ch ra rng dch ng vn lm mt mu iot.
Khi th thy dch ng mu khng lm mt mu iot na th kt thc
ng ha, chun b chuyn qua ni lc.
Lu : Trong hai ni nu go v malt, nhit nc ban u a vo l
khong 26
o
C, c h thng cnh khuy nhm trnh hin tng chy b mt
y.
Lng nhit a vo h thng v o, cc ni h c ng khi thot ra ngoi.
Cng sut mi ni l 4-8 m/ngy. Mi ln nu xong cc ni nu u c
v sinh.

Nhm SVTT 60

Thit b thy phn
Cu to
1. ng thot hi 8. ng phn phi hi
2. Cnh khuy 9. Ngng hi
3. Hp gim tc 10. Van ui khng kh
4. Van tho dch 11. p k
5. Bm dch Hnh 3.9. Thit b thy phn
6. Van hi
7. Van ngng
8. ng phn phi hi
9. Ngng hi
10. Van ui khng kh
11. p k
12. ng dn dch cho
13. Nhit k
14. K nhit


Nhm SVTT 61

Ti nh my bia Si Gn Bnh Dng s dng thit b thy phn nguyn
liu gm ni hnh tr ng, y cn lm bng thp inox, hai lp v. V ngoi
cng bng inox k n l lp bo n gia trnh nhit ra ngoi, gia v trong
l thnh ni. Bn trong ni c trang b cnh khuy, hai cnh khuy quay theo
hnh trn ca ni.
Mi ni nu c ng thot hi cao khong 3m. Tit din ng c ng knh
l 25cm. Din tch ni go nh hn ni nu malt v u c ca a nguyn
liu v thc hin cc thao tc khc.
Vn tc ca cnh khuy:
Ni go: 25 vng/pht
Ni malt: 25 vng/pht
Th tch thit b
Ni malt: 50m
3

Ni go: 25m
3

Nguyn tc hot ng
V sinh thit b trc khi tin hnh nu
Kim tra an ton thit b v in c kh.
Cho nc vo 1/3 th tch ni, m van hi (6) tng nhit nc ln
t 38
o
C 40
o
C.
Cho nguyn liu vo v bt cnh khuy (2) hot ng, m van hi (8),
van hi ngng (9), kim tra p k s (11), nhit k (13) v m nc vo cho
th tch. .
Cho nguyn liu (go, malt...) cho qua ca np nguyn liu.

Nhm SVTT 62

Mt s s c v bin php khc phc
Dch cho s b tro nhit 100
o
C. Vy ta phi quan st ng h o
nhit v thm nc vo khi b tro.
Bt cnh khuy trc khi go, trnh hin tng lm gy cnh khuy.
Qu nhit: cn theo di nhit thng xuyn.
Moto cnh khuy b h
u bo mc hot ng bi sai
Cnh khuy dng trong qu trnh go.

Hnh 3.10.Kim sot qu trnh nu bng h thng my tnh

Nhm SVTT 63

3.2.2.5. Lc, ra tch b
Mc ch
Mc ch ca vic lc l tch dch ng vi v v nhng phn ni nh ca
ht khng tan, ng thi vic ra b gip tn thu cht dinh dng cn st li trong
b.
Cc yu t nh hng
- Nhit ca dch ng
- Thi gian lc.
- Thit b lc.
- Lng b trong dch ng.
Tin hnh
Dch ng sau khi c bm t ni dch ha (ni malt) qua ni lc s c
yn trong khong 15 pht to mng lc t nhin, sau ngi ta s tin hnh
tun hon khong 10 pht lm trong dch ng. KCS tin hnh kim tra
trong, mu EBC, ng ca dch ct
0
P, khi t c trong cn thit th
ng van hi lu thu dch lc, cnh khuy bt u hot ng gn u lp b,
to s chnh lch p sut, trnh hin tng cn bng p nhm gip qu trnh lc
din ra tt hn, qu trnh lc c bt u.
Nguyn tc lc:
S dng s chnh lch p sut pha trn v pha di mng lc, dch ng
t chy qua lp mng lc bng inox thot ra ngoi.


Nhm SVTT 64

Khi lc c hin tng oxy ha polyphenol do dch ng tip xc vi khng
kh, vn ny c khc phc bng cch gi cho b malt lun ngp trong nc.
Nu bia c v ng kh chu do hm lng tannin nhiu, dng nc cng ra
nhng khng nn r qu lu.
Qu trnh lc gm hai giai on:
Giai on u: tch dch ra khi b. Trong sut qu trnh lc, b ng
vai tr nh mt lp vt liu lc. Nhit ca dch nha trong qu trnh lc c
gi n dnh 76
0
C gim nht v to iu kin thy phn tip lng tinh
bt cn st li.
Giai on hai: ra b, sau khi tch dch khi b, trong b cn gi li
mt lng ln cc cht ha tan c bit l ng ra b thu hi nhng cht
chit ny. Qu trnh ra b c tin hnh ngay bng nc nng 80
o
C, qu trnh
din ra tng t nh giai ong lc, nc ra b s nhp chung vi dch lc
Ra b bng nc nng 80
0
C vic ra b s lm long dch ng.
t c nng dch ng mong mun sau qu trnh lc, dch u phi c
hm lng cht chit cao hn ca bia sn xut 4 6% v d cn sn xut dch
12% th dch u phi c hm lng cht chit 16 20%
Lng nc ra ty thuc vo lng v nng dch u v nng
dch cn sn xut.
Qu trnh ra b c thc hin cho n khi lng, dch v nng
dch theo yu cu k thut (kim tra lng ng st <=1.0
0
P, tng lng dch
sau lc khong 500hl).


Nhm SVTT 65

Thit b
Nh my bia Si Gn Bnh Dng s dng thng lc leaterun, th tch thng
lc l 72m
3
.
Cu To
Ch thch:
1. y.
2. y gi dng li.
3. L tho b
4. H thng dao co v o lp lc.

5. Gin phun nc nng ra b
malt
6. Nc ra b.
7. ng thot hi
8. ng ng dn dch
9. Gin robim tho dch ng
10. Kch thc thy
c ch to bng thp khng g, c dng hnh tr y phng v np hnh
cu, np c ni lin vi ng thong hi c van iu chnh trn np c ca
cng nhn ra vo v sinh hoc quan st bn trong ni khi cn thit. Thn hnh tr
Hnh 3.11. Thit b lc, ra tch b.
Hinh 10


Nhm SVTT 66

c lp bo n. Bn trong cch y khong 10 15 mm c mt y gi lm bng
ng dy khong 3,5 4,5 mm y gi ny gm nhiu mnh nh ghp li
hnh thnh mt lp y c cc rnh t 20 30 mm v rng 0,4 0,7 mm. Tng
din tch tt c cc rnh l 18 20%. Trn mi mnh to thnh y gi ngi ta
h l trn tho b malt, l ny c ca ng cht. Trn y chnh c nhiu
ng nh dng thu dch lc n ng ng thu dch. ng knh ca ng ny t
25 45 mm.
Vn hnh thng lc
Chia thnh 7 bc:
ui kh
Bm dch hm vo
lng
Hi lu dch lc cn c tr li thng lc
Thu dch u
Ra b
X b.
ui kh: trc tin y gi phi c v sinh sch. Trc khi a dch
hm vo phi kha van tho b malt v cc vi ly dch ng phi ng kn,
sau cho y nc nng vo cc ng dn dch hm v khong cch gia 2 y,
nc nng s ui khng kh ra ngoi ng thi lm nng thng lc.
Bm dch hm vo: cn chuyn dch hm vo thng lc cng nhanh cng
tt v khuy u dn u b trn b mt y gi. Nu b phn b khng u
khin cho tch chit khng u, lm gim hiu sut thu hi, vn tc bm lun
gi cng thp cng tt trnh o trn khng cn thit. Dch hm c bm

Nhm SVTT 67

vo t pha di ln trnh oxy xm nhp. Cnh khuy trong ni nu hot
ng lin tc vi vn chm trong khi bm dch hm vo thng lc.
lng: sau khi bm dch hm vo thng lc, lng 30 pht, b lng
xung c th dy ti 30 40 cm. Lp b hnh thnh ln mt lp lc t nhin,
trong thi gian lng phn b thnh 3 lp
Lp di cng: lp mng bao gm cc ht to, nng, phn ny c th cn
cha tinh bt cha chuyn ha ht.
Lp gia: lp dy nht bao gm cc ht to, nh hn cc ht lp di cng.
Lp trn cng: lp mng bao gm cc ht nh nht, ch yu l protein v v
tru nh.
m bo nhit cui ca qu trnh nu cao b ti ra do vy lc cng
nhanh. V vy cn phi gi nhit trong sut qu trnh lc.
Trong thi gian chuyn dch hm vo, cnh khuy c nng cao ln khong
20 cm v n khi dch hm chuyn gn ht th nng cnh khuy ln cao hn v
ngng hot ng.
Hi lu dch lc c. Phn dch lc u tin thu c khong gia y
thng v y gi c cha cc ht nh c th c th lt qua lp lc. Phn dch ny
c bm tr li thng lc di b mt ca dch hm, lm nh vy hn ch ti
a oxy xm nhp vo dch. Thi gian ny mt 10 15 pht.
Thu dch u: khi quan st thy dch lc bt u trong th kha van hi
lu thu dch. Dch lc u chy ra cng nhanh cng tt khng lm mt thi
gian. Khi dch lc chy qua to ln mt lc ht, dn lm cho b b nn dn li,
nn dn dn tc lc cng gim i. V th cn gi tc lc va phi m bo
chnh lch p sut cng thp cng tt gi cho b c ti xp.

Nhm SVTT 68

Ton b thi gian tch dch lc u mt khong 1,5 2h, sau tin hnh
ra b.
Ra b v ly dch ra b
Vic thu dch u tin hnh n khi b mt b trn cng l ra, lc ny cho
ngay nc ra b vo pha trn. Nc ra b c nhit 78 80
0
C nhit ny
thch hp cho s ng ha tinh bt cn st li trong b malt cui cng. Lin tc
ti nc nng ln lp b malt, ng thi tin hnh tch dch, cnh khuy c th
lm vic lin tc hay gin on. Ra n khi nng cht ha tan trong nc
ra cn 0,3-0,5%.
X b: sau khi ly ht dch ra, h thp cnh khuy v cho quay
y ht b ra ngoi. Ton b qu trnh lc v ra 1 m mt 4h.
Bng 3.2. Mt s s c xy ra v khc phc trong qu trnh lc tch b v ra b.
S c Nguyn nhn Cch khc phc
Nc lc b c
trong qu trnh lc.
Hm lng cht
kh cao qu hoc
thp qu.

Tc ca cnh khuy khng
n nh, h cnh khuy khng
ng mc chm phi y gi.
Qu trnh ng ho khng
t, c s thay i v mu
sc, hm lng cht kh.
To li mng lc
Kim tra li cnh khuy,
iu chnh ng mc.
Ch thao tc ng ho.


Nhm SVTT 69

Hnh 3.12.Kim sot qu trnh lc ra b bng h thng my tnh
3.2.2.6. Qu trnh un si dch ng vi hoa houblon
Mc ch
Nhm n nh thnh phn v to cho bia c mi thm v v ng c trng
ca hoa houblon. ng thi trong lc ny cng xy ra mt s qu trnh khc nh s
gia tng nng , axit, cng mu, s to thnh cht kh, nht gim xung.
iu chnh ng ti nng mong mun (12.8-13.2 P
0
).
Trch ly cht ng (axit ng), to v ng c trng cho bia (ng 20-
25 BU).
To hng thm nh c ester thm, tinh du thm.
To mu nh phn ng melanoidin v nh cc cu t mang mu c
trong houblon

Nhm SVTT 70

To kt ta nng, n nh cht lng bia thnh phm.
Trong houblon c cht khng khun nn c tc dng st khun cho
dch ng ng thi nh un si ln dit c cc vi sinh vt v lm bin tnh
cc enzym do tng bn sinh hc ca bia.
Cc axit hu c ca hoa houblon ha tan vo dch ng lm gim
pH ca dch thy phn ph hp vi yu cu pH ca nm men.
Cc yu t nh hng:
- Thi gian un si nh hng en s ha tan cht ng.
- Nhit un si.
Tin hnh
Dch sau khi lc theo ng ng c bm qua ni houblon (ni si hoa),
khi dch ng lp y y ni th nhit lc ny khong 65
0
C (vi sinh vt c th
xm nhp vo) th bt u m van hi cung cp nhit (th tch dch lc lc ny
khong 350hl) nng nhit ln t t cho n khi qu trnh lc kt thc.
Khi nc ra b chy vo ni houblon gn ht th bt u nng nhanh nhit
ln sao cho qu trnh ra b kt thc cng l lc dch ng bt u si.
Thit b: Nh my s dng thit b gia nhit bn trong.
Cu to
C dng hnh tr y cn, bn trong ni c thit b trao i nhit dng ng
tun hon trung tm, pha trn c h thng phn phi dch hnh nn. Dch ng i
qua ng cn hi nng i xung quanh cc ng. Do hi ngui dn v ngng t.
Dch ng phn tn rng ra ngoi nh mt nn chn pha trn ng chm, cu trc
ny trnh to bt. Dch ng tun hon tt bn trong ni un.

Nhm SVTT 71

Ni hoa si c np hnh nn, c ng ni ca ng dch ra ca thng cha
trung gian v c ng chuyn dch vo bm ni sang thit b lng xoy.
Ngoi ra thit b cn c mt h
thng cp hoa cao, hoa vin v
caramel, knh quan st v cc van.
Trc khi bm dch vo phi v sinh
ni bng nc nng 80
0
C. tm cc
b phn truyn nhit dng ng chm:
dch i pha trong cn hi i vo
khong khng gia cc ng truyn
nhit cho dch ng.

Hnh 3.13. Thit b un si dch ng vi hoa houblon
Nguyn tc hot ng
Houblon dng cao (50-60% acid ng) v caramel s c cho vo bn
cung cp ring bn ngoi trc khi un khong 20 pht hoa houblon c mt
khong thi gian ngm, gip cho qu trnh trch ly cc cht tt hn.
Qu trnh un si hoa gm 2 giai on:
Giai on 1: 50 pht, tnh thi gian k t khi si 100
o
C. Khi nhit dch
ng t t 94-96
o
C, dch ng s c bm tun hon vo bn cha houblon
cao khongpht y ton b dch cao houblon v caramel vo ni un si. Sau
s bm nc lnh vo trng ni hoa houblon cao, nc trng ny c nhp
chung vo ni nu hoa.


Nhm SVTT 72

Giai on 2: 20 pht. B sung houblon dng vin (5.4% acid ng), acid
lactic hiu chnh pH v gi tr mong mun, caramel iu chnh mu v ZnCl
2

vo ni un si hoa (lng caramel, acid lactic b sung cn ty thuc vo gi tr pH
v mu ta o c ti ni dch ha, ni lc).

Hnh 3.14.Kim sot qu trnh houblon ha bng h thng my tnh
Thi gian houblon ha khong 70 pht. Dch ng c a vo t y
thit b v sau khi houblon ha th n cng c tho ra ngoi pha y thng.
Sau khi b sung ha cht xong, ta s gi si khong 10 pht na ri tin
hnh kt thc qu trnh si hoa, chuyn dch qua ni lng xoy.
Trong qu trnh houblon ha nh s chnh lch v nhit v t trng ca
dch nn xy ra qu trnh i lu t nhin, v th dch ng c o trn mnh
dn n qu trnh houblon ha xy ra d dng.


Nhm SVTT 73

Lng hoa houblon cn thit:
Bnh thng mc ng ca cc loi bia theo yu cu khc nhau. Lng
cht ng ty thuc vo loi bia v c tnh theo cng thc sau:
n v ng (BU) = S mg cht ng/lt bia
Cc qu trnh ha l xy ra khi houblon ha:
- Thm ha dch ng: Qu trnh ny xy ra nh s ha tan cc cht c gi
tr ca hoa houblon vo dch ng, nh cc phn ng Maillard v Caramel
ha khi un si. S ha tan cht ng c trong hoa houblon lm thay i
mi v ca dch ng. N lm cho dch ng chuyn t v ngt sang v
ng ca hoa houblon. ha tan ca acid ng vo nc v dch ng
khng ln nhng khi un si cc cht ny d b ng phn ha d dng ha
tan hn vo dch ng. Tinh du ca hoa houblon cng nh hng ti mi
v ca bia v dch ln men.
- S keo t v ta protein: l mt qu trnh quan trng trong khi un si dch
ng vi hoa houblon, s c mt ca cc protein ha tan trong dch ln men
c th l nguyn nhn lm c bia nhiu dng khc nhau v gim bn
sinh hc ca bia. Protein keo t l do bin tnh trong qu trnh un si v do
protein kt hp vi tanin to phc cht. S keo t protein khng hon ton c
th km hm qu trnh ln men.
- S tng mu ca dch ln men: Mu sc ca dch ng trc v sau khi
houblon ha ch yu l do nguyn liu malt quyt nh. Tuy nhin do qu
trnh nu v houblon ha lm tng thm mu ca cc dch ng do
cc phn ng Melanoidin, Caramel v cht mu ca hoa houblon to nn.
Mc tng mu ph thuc vo cng v thi gian un si, nng v
pH ca dch ng. Dch ng cng m th khi un si mu ca n cng
m. Ngoi ra khi un si dch ng vi hoa houblon th mt phn nc s
b bay hi nn nng dch ng s tng ln.

Nhm SVTT 74

Ch tiu quan trng nh gi qu trnh un si dch ng vi hoa houblon
khi kt thc si:
- Nng cht ha tan ca dch ng (o bng khc x k 20
0
C).
- S to thnh ta dng bng do nhng protein ng t to thnh.
Bng 3.3.CC CH TIU NU
Cng
on

V tr Ch tiu kim sot Mc yu
cu
Gi tr mong
mun
ng
ha
Ni
malt
- Kim tra pH ni malt

Lc
dch
hm
Ni lc
- ha tan dc ct (
0
P).

16

16

- ha tan ng st.
1.2 1.2

un si
nc
nha vi
hoa
huoblon

Ni
un
Si
- Tc bay hi tng %.
6- 10 % 8%
- ha tan trc si(
0
P).
11.8 12.3 12.2
- Mu
4.5 6.0
- pH.
5.5 5.7
- tinh bt st
0
Kt
thc si
- ha tan (
0
P).
12.8 13.4 13.2
- pH
5.25 - 5.6 5.4
- mu (
0
EBC).
7.0 10.5 8.0 8.5
Gia Sau
- Hm lung oxi ha tan
trong nc nha (ppm).
6.0 8.0

Nhm SVTT 75

nhit
nc
nha

my
gii
nhit

Cht
lng
nc
nha

Nc
nah
thnh
phm
- ha tan (
0
P).
12..6 13.4 13.0
- mu ca nu (
0
EBC).
7.5 11.0 8.0 8.5.
m bo
mu trung
bnh ca
tank 8.0 -
8.5
- pH
5.2 5.6 5.3
- c( % Neph)
<2000 <1000
- ng
36 40 38
- Tinh
bt st
Iodine 0.4 0.3
nh tnh Va ti tt Tt


Nhm SVTT 76

* Kt qu thc t kim tra cc ch tiu nu ti nh my

Hnh 3.15.Biu kt qu ha tan trc un si houblon

Hnh 3.16.Biu kt qu ha tan nc nha thnh phm


Nhm SVTT 77

Qua kho st 10 ngy nu bia v t 2 biu trn, ha tan ca dch trc si
huoblon v dch nha thnh phm c kim sot trong vng cho php, m bo cc
ch tiu a ra, s n nh cc ch tiu ny tng i cao, kim sot ng u
gia cc ngy nu.
3.2.2.7. Lng trong
Mc ch
Loi b cc kt ta nng, n nh cht lng cho bia thnh phm (k t tu
a
lnh s c lng, lc trong v sau qu trnh ln men).
nh my bia Si Gn Bnh Dng s dng thit b l thng lng xoy tm
(whirlpool), thng lng xoy l mt thit b kh n gin t tn km cho vic lp
t v s dng.
Cc yu t nh hng
- Lng cn trong dch ng.
- Thi gian lng
- Nhit ca dch ng.
- Thit b lng.
Tin hnh
Sau khi qua
tri
nh houblon ho
a k t thu
c , dch ng bm vo thng qua ng

ng c t thu to p lc ln trc khi vo thit b, dch c a vo vi vn
tc ln theo phng tip tuyn vi thnh thng, khi dch s quay bn trong khng
gian ca thng v y dn ln. Khi to nn lc xoy tm, cn hoa c lng v
tp trung y thng, dch trong c a qua thit b lm lnh trc khi c ln
men, b hoa c ly ra theo cch di nc v x ra ngoi.
Vic vn hnh thng lng xoy d, ph thuc ch yu vo v tr ca cc thit

Nhm SVTT 78

b nht l khong cch ca thit b un hoa v thng lng xoy, khong cch ny
cng nh cng t cn tr cho vic bm. Cht lng malt v phng php nu
cng nh hng ti vic s dng thng lng xoy.
Thi gian lng thng l 20-30 pht, thi gian lng khng c sm hn
hoc mun hn v sm hn th cn cha kp lng, cn mun hn th dch s b
oxy ha.
Dch sau khi lng trong c cp i l n l t theo ca
c c
a tha
o thn , ca tho
y tng
ng n khi ht dch.
K t thu
c qua
tri
nh l ng , vi phun nc s hot ng y tho cn ra theo

c
a x bn d
i y cn xung bn cha cn.

Thit b
Cu to
1. Mc dch ng
2. n tn hiu
3. Ca v sinh
4. Nhit k
5. ng thu bo mc
6. Ca quan st
7. ng ng dch ng
vo
8. ng thot hi

Hnh 3.17. Thit b lng xoy
Hinh 11


Nhm SVTT 79

9. Van tho dch ng
10. Van x cn
11. Nc v sinh
12. nghing ca y
Whirlpool l thng lng xoy c y hi nghing so vi mt phng ngang
(1,5
o
dch c bm vo vi vn tc ln (12 14m/s theo phng tip tuyn vi
thnh thng. V tr dch vo 1/3 chiu cao thng tnh t di y ln.
Thng c lm bng thp khng g c dng hnh tr y cn c dung tch
khc nhau, trn thn v sinh c n bo tn hiu v ca quan st, ni tip vi c
c ng thot hi.
Thng s k thut
- Dung tch thit k: 710 hl
- Dung tch s dng: 500 - 550hl
- Nng sut: 140 m
3
/h.
Vn hnh thng lng xoy
Nc nha c bm t phn xng nu vo thng lng cn (trong thi gian
khong 20 pht) theo phng tip tuyn v chy theo hnh xon c dc theo
thnh thit b.
Sau thi gian khong 20 - 30 pht, cn s lng hon ton xung y thng.
Khi , ngi ta s m van tho dch nha y dch nha chy trn qua g
v thot ra ngoi theo ng ny.

Nhm SVTT 80

Sau , cn cng c tho ra ngoi theo mt ng ng khc gn y
thng.
Mt s s c v bin php khc phc
Van cp dch b h lm cho nc nng chy v thng lng xoy, nguyn
nhn ca vic ny l do roong van cp dch b h, ng khng kn lm cho nc
nng trn ng ui dch trn vo thng lng xoy. Gp s c ny ta phi ng
tt c cc ngun nc c th trn vo thng lng xoy, i kt thc dch thay
roong mi, c k hoch kim tra v nh k thay th thit b.

Hnh 3.18.Kim sot qu trnh lng xoy bng h thng my tnh


Nhm SVTT 81

3.2.2.8. Lm lnh nhanh - Cy men.
Mc ch
- Ta ti n ha
nh a n
c nha t
nhi t 85
0
C v 6-8
0
C ta o nhi t thi
ch h p
cho qua
tri
nh ln men. Ta pha
i la
m la nh nhanh nh m:
o Hn ch ti a s nhim ca vi sinh vt cng nh hn ch cc hin
t ng oxi ho
a di ch nha.
o a nhit dch ng v nhit thch hp ln men bia theo
yu cu k thut.
o To iu kin kt ta cn lnh.
o Gim nhit dch ng to iu kin thun li cho vic bo ha
O
2
cho qu trnh ln men sau ny.
- Cung cp lng nm men cn thit thc hin qu trnh ln men.
Ti n ha
nh
Thit b s dng l thit b trao i nhit bn mng, thit b ny bn, hiu
sut cao, a nng, m bo v trng v v sinh.
y l thit b kn, gm cc tm, bng thp khng g ghp li vi nhau trn
mtkhoang, cc tm ny c l v khe h bn gc dch lng i qua. Mp tm
bn c gn mt rong cao su khi ghp li m kn cho thit b v ng dn
dch to ra 2 phn ring bit.


Nhm SVTT 82

Nguyn tc hot ng
Dch ra khi thng lng xoy
khong hn 98
o
C c bm vo thit
b lm lnh. Trong mi bn, dch
ng nng v tc nhn lm lnh s
i ngc chiu nhau (tc nhn trao
i nhi t tr c ti p
y la
c a

c la
m la nh xu ng 2
0
C b ng glycol), khi qua bn khc th dch v nc o chiu
nhau, qua mi bn nc lnh s thu nhit ca dch ng nng lm cho nhit ca
dch ng gim xung v lm tng nhit ca nc ln. C nh th cho n bn
cui cng nhit ca dch ng h xung cn 6-8
o
C, cn nhit ca nc ra
khong 75
o
C. Nc c tn dng cho vic nghin malt v lc ra b.
Trong qu trnh h nhit ca dch ng t 98
o
C v 6-8
o
C pha sau my
lm lnh ta lp mt h thng sc kh vo dch ng nhm cung cp oxy khng kh
tit trng, v hu ht oxy b loi ht trong qu trnh ch bin dch ng nn phi
np oxy cho dch ng c lng oxy cho t bo nm men sng, pht trin,
c bit trong qu trnh sinh sn trong trong giai on u ca qu trnh ln men bia,
lng O
2
trong dch thch hp cho giai on sinh trng ca nm men l khong 6-8
mg/l.
Khng kh trc khi sc vo dch ng phi qua mt h thng x l: khng
kh c cung cp t my nn c cho qua mt ct than kh mi sau i vo
vng cc tm nhm dit vi khun, sau chng c i vo b phn phn phi kh
v cung cp oxy vo trong dch ng.
Hnh 3.19. Thit b lm lnh nhanh
Hinh 12

Nhm SVTT 83

Hnh 3.20.Kim sot qu trnh trao i nhit bng h thng my tnh
3.2.3.Ln men
Nm men l ngun nguyn liu c bit trong sn xut bia, n khng
nhng quyt nh hiu sut thu hi sn phm, m cn trc tip tham gia vo s
chuyn ha ng thnh ru v CO
2
.
Nh my bia Si Gn Bnh Dng khng tin hnh phn lp, nhn ging
nm men m s dng nm men thun t Tng Cng Ty Bia Ru Nc Gii Kht
Si Gn (SABECO), lng nm men ny s c ti s dng khong 7- 8 ln ln
men lin tip ( ty thuc vo kt qu kim tra v mt , t l cht,..) sau s c
thu hi v loi b.


Nhm SVTT 84

Lng nm men c cy vo tank th ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh th
tch dch houblon thnh phm, mt men, t l chi, phn trm cht ca nm
men
3.2.3.1. La chn nm men trong sn xut bia ti nh my
Nm men chm
Hu ht cc t bo khi quan st ring l hoc cp i. Hnh dng ch
yu l hnh cu, c kh nng ln men cc loi ng trisaccarit, c kh
nng kt dnh vi nhau v lng xung cui qu trnh ln men chnh.
Nm men ni
T bo nm men m v con sau ny chi thng dnh li vi nhau to
thnh
nh chui cc t bo nm men cn hnh dng ch yu hnh cu hoc ovan
vi kch thc710m. Nm men ni th ni nn trn b mt dch vo
cui giai on ln men chnh.
Do nhng u im ca ln men chm v kh nng kt lng nn nm
men c chn ln men bia ti nh my Bia Si Gn Bnh Dng l
chng nm men ln men chm Saccharomyces carlbergensis.
3.2.3.2. Cc ch tiu kim sot nm men ti nh my.
Ch tiu
Yu
cu
n v tnh Nhn vin
m c 50-80 % KCS

Nhm SVTT 85

Ti s dng <=8 Ln KCS
Nhit tr
men
2-5
0
C

LM
% T bo cht <=10 % KCS
Bng 3.4. Cc thng s kim sot nm men
Mc ch:
Ha trn nm men vi dch ng nm men thc hin qu trnh ln men
chuyn ho dch ng thnh bia. Qu trnh ln men bao gm 2 giai on: ln men
chnh, ln men ph v tng tr bia.
- Ln men chnh
Nhm mc ch chuyn ho cc thnh phn cht tan ch yu l cc loi ng v
dextrin thp phn t ca dch ng c houblon ho thnh ru etylic, CO
2
,
glyxerin v cc ru bc cao khc, axit hu c, este di tc dng ca nm men.
- Ln men ph v tng tr
L qu trnh ln men tip cc loi ng cao phn t ch yu l maltoza, dextrin
ngoi ra n c tc dng sau:
- n nh thnh phn cht lng ca bia, to ra hng v bia v gi bt.
- Kh ru bc cao v aldehyt n mc cho php.
- Mt s este c trng c to thnh do axit tc dng vi ru lm cho bia thm.
- Nhit v p sut tng i cao lm cho bt bia c to ra dng lin kt bn

Nhm SVTT 86

vng hn, lu tan v mn.
- Do tin hnh nhit thp, thi gian ko di dn n cc cht hu c, xc men,
b men lng xung lm cho bia trong, thun tin cho qu trnh lc bia.
C s l thuyt
Ln men dch ng, houblon ha to thnh ru etilic, kh CO
2
v cc sn phm
ph. Ngoi glucid b tc ng mnh, cc thnh phn khc cu dch ng cng chu
nhng thay i ln. mt phn b nm men ng ha, bin i thnh nhng hp cht
khc nhau, cn 1 s khc th chuyn i thnh trng thi khng ha tan v b tch ra
ngoi di dng kt lng. Tt c nhng iu dn n s thay i ln v lng v
bin i su sc v cht trong cc cu t hp thnh cht ha tan ca dch ng.
Cc yu t nh hng:
- Dch nha : nng cht kh, pH , thnh phn ha hc.
- Nm men: chng s dng, lng ging cy, trng thi sinh l
- iu kin ln men: nhit , p sut, v trng..
- Sn phm: nng cn to thnh.
Bng 3.5. Ch tiu ln men ph:

n v tnh Mong mun Tiu chun
335 330 333 355 330 333
cn 20C % V/v 4.9 4.9 5.3 4.7 4.7 4.7
ha tan
nguyn thy
P 11.4 11.5 12.3 11.1 11.2 12
ha tan biu P 2.3 2.3 2.4 2-2.5 2-2.5 2-2.7

Nhm SVTT 87

kin
chua mlNaOH/ml 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.3-
1.7
1.3-
1.8
1.4-1.8
CO
2
ha tan g/l 5.4 5.4 5.4 4.5 4.5 4.9-5.7
mu EBC 6.5 7 7 6-8 6-8 6-8.5
trong % <10 < 20
Vacant g/hl 3 3
PVPP g/hl 25 25
iu khin cc thng s:
1. Nng cht ha tan trong dch ng hoblon ha c nh hng rt ln n
s pht trin ca nm men v tc ln men. T thc t sn xut, chng
minh c rng: dch ng hoblon ha c nng cht ha tan 11 12%
ln men tt hn cc dch ng c nng cao hn hoc thp h.
- Nu hm lng cht ha tan trong dch ng houblon ha tng ln 14,5%
th s sinh sn ca nm men cng khng v th m tng ln , n dng li 1
tr s xc nh . trong 1 khong xc nh no , khi m c ca dch
ng gim xung th cng sinh sn v pht trin ca nm men khng
nhng gim m ngc li s tng ln.
2. Nhit ca dch ln men.
- Nhit ca dch ln men v mi trng xung quanh c nh hng kh
mnh n qu trnh ln men. nhit cao s thu c cc kt qu:
+ Thi gian ln men nhanh, mt ti a t c cao hn so vi nhit
thp.
+ Ln men trit hn

Nhm SVTT 88

+ Lng sinh khi to ra nhiu hn nhng t bo cht li nhiu hn v tc
suy gim ca c tnh cng ngh cng nhanh hn
+ Kt qu cui cng nhn c l cc t s gia cc cu t trong bia khng
cn i, cht lng bia gim.
3. p sut b mt.
- p sut b mt ca dch ln men nh hng trc tip n cc qu trnh cng
ngh. N xc nh mc bo ha CO
2
trong bia, m hp cht ny li l
nhn t c ch qu trnh ln men. nhit thng, qu trnh ln men s b
nh ch nu p sut trong thit b ln men tng ln n 3 4 kg/cm
3
. chnh
v l m trong thc t sn xut t khi ngi ta cho p sut tng qu
1kg/m
3
.
- p sut ln men cn nh hng n lng sinh khi to thnh.
- p sut ln men cng nh hng ti trng thi sinh l ca nm men .
- Trn c s kt lun ny, cc h thng thit b ln men theo phng php
gia tc, trong giai on u ca qu trnh ln men , ngi ta khng ch p
sut 0,2 0,5kg/cm
3
, cn sang giai on sau p sut c th duy tr mc cao
hn l 1,3 1,3kg/m
3
.
4. Hm lng oxi v th oxi ha kh:
+hm lng oxi ha tan trong dch ng nh hng trc tip n tc
sinh sn ca nm men v lng sinh cng 1 iu kin, dch ng c
sc kh, mt ti a ca nm men t ti 74.10
6
t bo to thnh.
- Lng oxi ha tan trong dch ng hoblon ha ch nn khng ch nng
6,,7 7mg/l .


Nhm SVTT 89

5. Nng ca sn phm ln men.
Sn phm chnh ca qu trnh ln men l ru C
2
H
5
OH v kh CO
2
. nng

ru thp di 2%, cc hot ng
ca nm men vn sy ra bnh thng, nhng khi vt qu 2% th kh nng
ny chi ca nm men bt u gim. khi nng ru etilic tng ln n 5%
th kh nng ny chi ca nm men hon ton b chm dt, tuy rng qu trnh
ln men vn tip din . nu nng cn ln n 12% , qu trnh ln men b
nh ch hon ton.
Cc tin hnh qu trnh ln men:
1.Lm lnh- Cy men.
Mc ch
Ta ti n ha
nh a n
c nha t
nhi t 85
0
C v 7-9
0
C ta o nhi t thi
ch h p
cho qua
tri
nh l n men. Ta pha
i la
m la nh nhanh nh m ha n ch t i a s nhi m
ca vi sinh vt cng nh hn ch cc hin tng oxi ha dch nha.
Cung cp lng nm men cn thit thc hin qu trnh ln men.
Ti n ha
nh ( trnh by trn)


Nhm SVTT 90

2. Ln men chnh
Mc ch
Nhm chuyn ha cc cht ha tan trong dch ng thnh C
2
H
5
OH, CO
2
v
mt s sn phm ph khc.
Cch tin hnh
Tin hnh bm dch nha c lng trong v lm lnh vo tank ln men
c v sinh v kh trng, lng xy b sung vo dng dch c khng ch
sao cho hm lng nm trong khong (6-8 mg/l), nm men cng c b sung
trc tip vo dng dch trong iu kin v trng m dch u tin ca mi tank
ln men, mt men yu cu l 20-35 triu t bo/ml
Ln men chnh c xem nh kt thc khi cht chit trong dch ln men
gim( ng P
0
cn khong 2.9 P
0
). Sau h nhit xung 5
o
C trong 2
ngy nm men lng xung tho ly men ra v tip tc h xung nhit 2
o
C
tin hnh ln men ph.
Cc giai on ca qu trnh ln men chnh:
- Giai on 1: gm 2 ngy u tin.
Nm men s ny chi, pht trin mnh dn v sinh khi t cc i cui ngy
th 2.
+ S gim dn nng cht ha tan trong dung dch ng ( gim 0,3 - 0,5%).
Nhit t tng dn ( tng 0,5
0
C).

Nhm SVTT 91

+ Xut hin nhiu bng kh to, th bm xung quanh thng , v cui ngy th 2
c th to ra 1 lp bt mng gm nhiu bng kh CO
2
trn b mt mi trng ln
men( bt nh , mn v trng).
- Giai on 2 : gm 2 ngy k tip.
+ qu trnh ln men bt u t ln men hiu kh ( teng sinh khi nm men)
sang kiu ln men k kh ( to ra C
2
H
5
OH v CO
2
).
+ Bt kh xut hin nhiu hn v nhanh hn. Bong kh kh v mn hn( bt dnh
cao thnh cc, u tin mu trng sau ng sang mu hi nu).
+ s gim mnh nng cht ha tan trong dung dch ang ln men( gim 2
2,5%).
+ nhit tng nhanh hn ( tng 1 1,5
0
C). do ngi ta tng lu lng
glycol gi nhit theo yu cu.
- Giai on 3: gm 2 3 ngy tip theo, s ln men sy ra mnh lit nht :
+s gim nhanh nng cht ha tan
+s tng nhanh ca nhit .
+tch ly nhiu diaxetyl nht.
Kh CO
2
thot ra cng nhiu nht ( bt cao ti mc cc i to mng ln, kch
thc bt th bt u ng xm , cui giai on ny bt bt u h xung).
Lc ny cn theo di cht ch bin ng cu nhit , ngn khng cho nhit
vt qu I max ca phng php ln men ang ng dng.
- Giai on 4: gm 1-2 ngy cui cng, cng ln men yu dn:

Nhm SVTT 92

Nng cht ha tan gim chm.
Nhit n nh v theo chiu hng gim dn. bt xp ht ( do h nhit ca bia
non).
S lng t bo nm men sng gim dn do tc cht ln hn tc sinh sn. tng
lng sinh khi( c t bo cht v t bo sng) cng gim i v hin tng t phn
ca t bo nm men.
Mt b phn sinh khi nm men s bt u lng cng vi nhng thnh phn
keo t ca protein, tannin, nha ng, hoblon
3. Thu hi CO
2
Mc ch
Nh my bia Si Gn Bnh Dng thc hin qu trnh ln men theo
phng php ln men kn v thu hi CO
2
. Giai on ln men lng CO
2
sinh ra
nhiu tng p sut trong tank mt cch nhanh chng, cn phi thu hi CO
2
to
iu kin cho nm men hot ng, ng thi x l c th cp li vo bia
trong qu trnh bo ha CO
2
, qu trnh chit bia, hay cng c th bn cho cc c
s sn xut khng c kh nng sn xut CO
2
tinh khit.
Tin hnh
Nm men sau khi c cy vo tank s tin hnh ln men, chuyn ha ng
thnh ru, CO
2
, Tuy nhin giai on u do hm lng xy trong khi
dch cn ln nn kh CO
2
sinh ra s mang theo nhiu xy, iu ny s khng tt
cho thit b lm x l CO
2
, cng nh nh hng ti cht lng ca bia.
Ngi ta s tin hnh xc nh thi im thu hi CO
2
thng qua vic o hm
lng CO
2
tinh khit( >= 99%). Lng CO
2
thu hi v s c cho qua bn by

Nhm SVTT 93

bt trc khi i vo h thng ra, nn, ha lng ca b phn x l CO
2
.
4. Thu hi men
Mc ch
Rt ht lng men c trong tank ln men khng lm nh hng ti cht
lng bia thnh phm.
Thu hi mt lng men cn thit tin hnh cpcho m ln men k tip.
Tin hnh
Nh my Bia Si Gn Bnh Dng khng tin hnh nui cy v tng sinh
nm men trong cc bn tng sinh, do cn ty thuc vo k hoch sn xut m
ngi ta s xc nh thi im thu hi nm men cho m ln men k tip( thng
thng th thi im tin hnh thu hi nm men chng vi thi gian xung go
m u tin ca tank ln men).
Lng nm men thu hi cho mi m ln men th ph thuc vo th tch cha
ca tank( nh my c 20 tank th tch 225m
3
,10 tank c th tch 450m
3
), th tch
dch thnh phm, mt men, t l cht ca nm men.
i vi nhng tank ln men m s dng nm men ln th 8 lin tip( tnh
ln 1 vi men nhp SABECO v ) th s tin hnh thu hi nm men x b,
lng men thi ny s c chuyn giao cho cc c s ch bin thc phm, thc
n gia sc.

Nhm SVTT 94

Hnh 3.21.Kim sot qu trnh thu hi men bng h thng my tnh
5.Ln men ph
Mc ch
n nh cht lng bia, hnh thnh cc hp cht ester to ln hng v c trng
ca bia.
Tin hnh
Khi qu trnh ln men chnh kt thc, ta tin hnh kch hot b phn lm
lnh h nhit hot ng ca tank xung 0.2 5
o
C v bt u giai on ln
men ph. Khi nhit bn di ca tank thp hn pha trn (do dng tc
nhn lm lnh na di ca tank), cc cht rn l lng trong dung dch c xu
hng lng xung di, khi dng p sut CO
2
thc y s kt lng ca
nm men, trnh s xm nhp ca khng kh bn ngoi( p sut ci t trong
qu trnh ln men ph ti nh my l 0.6-0.8 bar).

Nhm SVTT 95

Lng nm men trong tank s c thu hi cp cho m ln men k tip,
hoc c loi b trong quy trnh sn xut( nu l ln th 8 s dng lin tip).
Thng thng nm men s c ly ra khi tank trong khong t 1-5 ngy sau
khi t 5
0
c.
Cc qu trnh xy ra trong ln men ph
S dng ht cht chit cn li c trng cho qu trnh ln men ph l ln
men rt chm vi lng ng khng ng k. Cng mt lc qu trnh ln men
cc cht ng c th kt thc, song qu trnh chn ca bia vn tip tc.
Ha tan CO
2
: CO
2
l thnh phn chnh ca bia, gip cho bia c kh nng
to bt tt, ng thi y cng l cht bo qun c ch s pht trin ca vi sinh
vt trong bia. ha tan CO
2
ph thuc ch yu vo nhit p sut trong
thng tng tr.
Hon thin hng v ca bia: hng v bia non lc mi vo thng ln
men ph nng mi nm men, ng v t hp dn. Nhiu loi hp cht c
chuyn ha trong qu trnh tng tr
Qu trnh phn hy diaxetyl s phn hy diaxetyl l thc o chn ca
bia ( <=0,1 mg/l).
giai on u qu trnh ln men vn tip din (d rt yu) cc lp trong
bia vn cha c n nh. V vy bia non lc ny cn mang nng mi ca nm
men v v ng ca hoa houblon. Sang giai on th 2 ca qu trnh , do thi
gian ko di, nhit h thp dn, cc lp bia dn n nh. Do vy qu trnh
lng trong tng phn xy ra, dn n mt s protit ca nm men lng xung, ko
theo mt lng nha ng ca hoa houblon lng xung y thng, bia trong dn
v mi v ca bia cng nh v khng ng mnh nh trc.

Nhm SVTT 96

Hnh 3.22.Kim sot qu trnh ln men bng h thng my tnh
II. Thit b ln men
Thng( tank) ln men
Cu to tank ln men
Ch thch:
1. Van an ton
2. Vi phun u quay
3. o lnh
4. p k
5. Nhit k in tr
6. Van ly mu

Nhm SVTT 97

Nh my Bia Si Gn Bnh Dng s dng tank ln men hnh tr y cn,
np hnh chm cu. C 2 loi tank vi kch thc 225m
3
, 450 m
3
, c ch to
bng thp khng g. Mi chu k ln men bia trung bnh 21-23 ngy. Trn mi
tank u c ng dn dch ng vo, sn phm ra, b phn lm lnh, ng thu
CO
2
x CO
2
, p k, nhit k, van an ton, van ly mu, van thu bia, b phn
CIP
Thit b ln men thn hnh tr ng, y cn (TT C) c ch to t thp
CT3 khng g dy 10mm (mt bn trong nhn) chu c p lc 3 kg/ m
2
.
Thit b c 2 lp o lnh c lm t cc ng xon bao quanh thn thit b
c lm lnh cc b dch ln men. on gia thn thit b c ch to 2 lp v
bm cht ti lnh i qua. Phn trn ca tank c ca dn nc v sinh thit b.
Ton b thit b TT C c bo n dy 5 cm bng lp vt liu cch nhit
v bn ngoi cng c bao bc bng cc l kim loi (lp bo n lnh).
Trong thit b cn c cc ng dn dch ng, CO
2
, nc ra, cht ti nhit
kim tra v iu chnh nhit v dng c o mc gii hn. Trong c cu
thit b cn c van thy lc, CO
2
sinh ra trong qu trnh ln men thi qua van
ny.
Cch vn hnh
Nc nha c lm lnh 7 9
o
C, b sung kh O
2
v trng vi hm
lng 6 8 mg/l c bm vo tank ln men theo ng y tank, men cng
c tip vo tank m dch u tin, khi tip men ngi ta tin hnh b sung
5000-10.000 ml dung dch Maturex, t l nm men thch hp cho qu trnh ln
men l 20 35 triu t bo/ml.


Nhm SVTT 98

Ci t nhit cho o lnh (3) nhit 7-9
o
C ln men chnh trong vng
t 5-7 ngy, v tin hnh o ng mi ngy trong sut thi gian ln men.
Ly mu van (6), ng h trn p k (4) l 0.bar trong sut thi gian ln
men chnh ta tin hnh thu hi CO
2
van (5) ng thi thu hi nm men cho
tank khc.
Ci nhit h xung t 0.2 5
o
C o lnh (3) tin hnh ln men ph.
Khi p sut trb p k (4) l 0.6 0.8 bar. Sau khi ln men ph v em i lc
qua van y (6), khi lc bia xong tin hnh v sinh tank
Mt s s c k thut xy ra trong qu trnh ln men v phng
php khc phc
Mt ng xung chm khng theo quy nh.
Do mt nm men t
ng ha khng trit .
Men gi qu.
iu kin ln men khng thch hp phi iu chnh nhit ln men cho
thch hp.
Qu trnh ln men ngn
Mt nm men qu nhiu.
Nhit trong tank cao

Nhm SVTT 99

Vi trng hp ny ta phi tin hnh ly mu kim tra mt men,
kim tra gim ca ng, kim tra nhit trong tank ang l bao nhiu
x l kp thi( nu nhit tank thc t cao hn th ta h tp xung, nu
mt men qu cao ta s tin hnh ng p, h nhit sm hn so vi bnh
thng.

Hnh 3.23. H thng tank ln men ca nh my
3.2.4.Lc bia
Mc ch
Bia sau khi chn( m bo cc ch tiu ca bia ln men ph) s c cho qua
h thng lc loi b cc tp cht, cn b( ta lnh) lm trong bia, n nh
cht lng cho bia chai, lon thnh phm.


Nhm SVTT 100

Tin hnh
Bia non c chuyn t b phn ln men sang b phn lc s c lm lnh
xung 0
0
c-2
o
C trnh tht thot CO
2
i vo thit b lc ng, bt tr lc t
bn cha s c bm nh lng cp trc tip vo ng ng dn bia i vo
thit b lc ng.
Di tc dng ca s chnh lch p sut bia s i vo trong lng ng lc qua
h thng cc ng mao qun c to bi cc khe h rt nh ca ng lc v lp
bt tr lc Diatomit, bia sau lc s c i ra ngoi theo ng nh( qua b
phn gom bia lc) ca thit b lc ng( KG) tip tc ti thit b lc a PVPP.
Bia ti thit b lc a PVPP s c i theo chiu t trn i xung, cc ht
PVPP sau khi c gia nhit s c bm nh lng cp trc tip vo bia. Vo
thit b lc a PVPP do cc ht PVPP c kch thc ln nn s b gi li trn
mt cc a lc, bia s chy qua cc khe h trn cc mt a lc i vo trc
ca cc a lc ri ra ngoi theo ng y ca thit b lc a PVPP.
Bia t thit b lc a PVPP s c qua cht chn cui cng l thit b lc
tinh( lc ch), trn ng di chuyn t thit b lc a qua lc tinh ta s tin hnh
b sung cht bo qun cho bia( cht bo qun nh my Bia Si Gn Bnh Dng
s dng l Vicant, collupulin), bn cht ca cc cht bo qun ny l nhng cht
chng xy ha gip lm trong, n nh cht lng cho bia. Cc tp cht l lng,
cc ht c kch thc ln s b gi li bn ngoi cc ng lc tinh, bia s qua h
thng ng mao qun i vo trong lng ng lc tinh ri c a v bn m ca
h thng lc


Nhm SVTT 101

3.2.4.1Thit b lc ng
Cu to
Loi thit b lc: FOJ-1500. y
l thit b lc c dng hnh tr y
cn, bn
trong c cc ng xp thng ng,
b mt ng c dng li vi rt
nhiu l nh ng knh 70 m.
t cnh thit b lc ng l bn
cha bt tr lc (diatomit).
Th tch : 3380L.
S ng lc trong thit b : 163 ng.
p sut lm vic ti a : 9 bar.
Din tch b mt lc : 61m
2
.
Dung tch cn : 1300L.
Cch vn hnh
u tin, bt tr lc c pha vi nc ri bm vo thit b lc to o
bt xung quanh ng, tin hnh o bt 2 ln, mi ln cch nhau 15 - 20 pht (lp
bt th nm pha trong ri ti bt mn).
Sau bm bia vo cng vi bt (300g bt mn/hl) thc hin qu trnh
lc. Bt s bm cht quanh ng, bia thm qua lp bt i vo trong ng, cn cc
cn bn b lp bt gi li bn ngoi. Lp bt lc phi xp bia chy qua

Nhm SVTT 102

khng b nght m vn gi c cn.
Tin hnh x bt khi p sut trong thit b ln hn 9 bar hoc khi lc ht
mt lng bt tr lc l 350kg. Sau v sinh my bng nc nng trong 40
pht. Sau mt tun th tin hnh CIP nh k thit b.
3.2.4.2Lc a
Loi b cc hp cht
polyphenol, ko di thi gian
bo qun bia. ng thi
trnh cho bia c mi i v v
cht kh chu.
C u ta o thi t bi
Loi thit b lc:
FILROX-WERK KG. y l
thit b lc c dng hnh tr
y bng, bn trong c cc a xp chng ln nhau. B mt a c hai lp li: lp
li th bn di k vung cnh di 2mm v lp li mn bn trn vi cc l
cnh di 0,5mm, ti tm da khot 1 l trn ng knh khong 15cm to ng
cho bia chy ra. Dc theo trc ca thit b c ng trung tm xuyn qua cc l trn
ca a, b mt ng c cc rnh nh khp vi ng ra ca bia t a. t cnh
thit b lc a l bn cha nha PVPP.
Thng s thit b
Th tch thit b: 2800 l.
S a lc: 32 a

Nhm SVTT 103

Tc lc: 200 hl/h
Nguyn tc hot ng
u tin nha s c trn vi bia, ri bm vo thit b lc to lp o
nha ln mt a. Vic to lp o nha trn mt a c thc hin bng cch
to dng bia chy tun hon trong thit b lc PVPP( thng thng mt khong
45 pht m bo lp nha c ri u trn mt a).
Sau khi to c lp mng nha dy ta s tin hnh lc, bia c a
vo thit b theo chiu t trn xung, cc ht c kch thc ln s b gi li
trn mt a, bia s len qua cc khe h ca li lc i vo trc a v ra
ngoi theo ng y ca thit b.
Nha dng ti nh my bia Si Gn l loi nha tt, c kh nng ti sinh
s dng li, ti sinh li PVPP th nh my s dng NaOH c nng 2-3%,
di tc dng ca NaOH th cc gc Polyphenol trn b mt cc ht nha s
c gii phng, OH
-
s th vo v lm ht
tr li trng thi ban u.
3.2.4.3.Lc tinh
Sau khi qua thit b lc a bia s cn st li
mt t nha PVPP c kch thc nh, cc cn
nh l lng ny s theo bia i ra v lm nh
hng ti cht lng ca bia, ta cn loi ht cc
nhn t su ny ra khi bia. Do vy, ngi ta
b tr thm thit b lc tinh lm cht chn
cui cng trc khi bia c chuyn t nh lc
qua nh chit, nh vy m tng c trong,
bn keo v bn sinh hc, ho hc cho sn phm.

Hnh 3.24.. Thit b lc tinh

Nhm SVTT 104

C u ta o
Thi t bi g m 8 ng lc c xp thng ng , cc ng c lm b ng
xenlulo,cao 1m.
Cch vn hnh
Bia sau khi qua thit b lc a PVPP s i vo thit b lc tinh, ti y do s
chnh lch p th bia s i t pha ngoi ng lc tinh len qua cc ng mao qun
i vo trong lng ng, cc tp cht c kch thc ln s b gi li bn ngoi ng lc
do bia sau khi qua thit b lc tinh s t cht lng mong mun.

Hnh 3.25.H thng lc bia ti nh my

Nhm SVTT 105

3.2.5. Bo ha CO
2

Mc ch
Chun ha hm lng CO
2
cho sn phm bia chai v lon, to bt ,
trnh cho bia c mi v kh chu v hn ch nhim vi sinh vt.
Tin hnh
Trn ng vn chuyn bia t bn m ti thit b cha bia sau lc( TBF) th
ngi ta s tin hnh b sung CO
2
, lng CO
2
c b sung cn thy thuc vo
kt qu o CO
2
trong bia qu trnh lc ca b phn KCS, thng thng lng
CO
2
mong mun l t 4.6-6 g/l i vi bia 355 v bia 330.

CH TIU CHT LNG BIA TBF CHAI 355
ha tan biu kin(
0
P
1.8-2.3
cn 20
0
C ( %v/v)
4.7-5.2
ha tan nguyn thy(
0
P)
11.1-11.8
chua (ml NaOH 0,1N/10ml bia)
1.3-1.7
Hm lng Diacetyl
0.1
pH
4.0-4.4
CO
2
(g/l)
4.6-6.0
mu (
o
EBC)
6.0-7.0
trong (%Neph)
0-20
ng
18-24
Nhit bia (
o
C)
<6

Nhm SVTT 106

p sut trong TBF
0<as<1.8
Thi gian lu bia (h)
72h
Cm quan mi v
Mi c trng, khng
c v l
CH TIU CHT LNG BIA TBF LON 330
ha tan biu kin(
0
P
1.8-2.4
cn 20
0
C ( %v/v)
5.1-5.6
ha tan nguyn thy(
0
P)
12.0-12.8
1.4-1.7
Hm lng Diacetyl
0.1
pH
4.0-4.4
CO
2
(g/l)
4.6-6.0
mu (
o
EBC)
6.0-8.0
trong (%Neph)
<18
ng
20-26
Nhit bia (
o
C)
<6
p sut trong TBF
0<as<1.8
Thi gian lu bia (h)
72h
Cm quan mi v
Mi c trng,
khng c v l
Bng 3.6.Ch tiu cht lng bia TBF chai v lon


Nhm SVTT 107

3.2.6. Hon thin sn phm:
3.2.6.1. Hon thin sn phm bia chai:
Chit bia vo bao b l mt cng on i hi nhiu lao ng nht trong tt c cc
cng on sn xut bia. ng thi y cng l mt bc quan trng gn lin vi
qu trnh phn phi sn phm. Cc thit b s dng trong cng on ny c cu to
v vn hnh phc tp m bo cht lng sn phm bia khi ti tay ngi tiu
dng.
3.2.6.1.1. Ra chai
Mc ch: nhm loi b ton b nhn, cc cn bn bn trong v ngoi chai,
ng thi m bo chai c v trng trc khi chit chai.
Qu trnh ra chai c tin hnh trong cc my ra. Trong may ra, chai c
phun bng nc, ngm, phun bn trong v ngoi chia bng cht ty ra sau
c trng li bng nc loi b ton b cht ty ra.
3.2.6.1.1.1. Yu cu i vi chai cha bia
- C cng chu c cc va chm bn trong thit b v trong qu trnh vn
chuyn, chng li p sut to ra do CO
2
bn trong chai bia, nht l khi thanh trng.
- Nh nht c th c, gim cc chi ph vn chuyn.
- C hnh dng sao cho khng d b ri hoc trong cc thit b vn chuyn v d
v sinh.
- Phi hon ton ng nht.
- Thy tinh phi c mu sao cho bia bn trong c bo v trnh khi cc tc
ng ca nh sng.

Nhm SVTT 108

- Thy tinh khng c lt cc vn nh vo trong bai, khng c php c cc
vt si, nu khng bia s si bt rt nhiu khi ta rt y chai.
3.2.6.1.1.2. Cc yu t nh hng ti hiu qu ra chai
Qu trnh ra chai cn m bo 2 yu cu:
- Loi b hon ton cn bn trong chai.
- Loi b hoc tiu dit cc vi sinh vt gy h hng bia.
m bo c cc yu cu ny, trong qu trnh ra chai cn ch ti cc yu t
nh hng nh:
- Thi gian ngm chai: ngm chai phi m bo cc cn bn ha tan, cc nhn
mc tch ri khi chai. Thi gian ngm chai thng t 10 30 pht.
- p sut phun c tc ng mt cch c hc ti s loi b cc cn bn v nhn
mc ra khi chai.
- Nhit ra: nhit ra cng cao, s ha tan cn bn cng tng nhanh.
Nhit thch hp cho qu trnh ra l 60 85
0
C.
- Tc nhn ty ra: cht ty ra s dng l xt.
3.2.6.1.1.3. Nguyn tc, cu to ca my ra chai
Chai i trong my ra ln lt tri qua cc cng on sau:
- Ngm s b trong mt hoc nhiu b cha nc c nhit tng dn.
- Ngm trong xt nng.
- Phun ra bng xt nng.
- Phun ra bng nc nng.
- Phun ra bng nc thng.
- Phun ra bng nc sch.

Nhm SVTT 109

Tng thi gian lu chai trong may ra khong 10 15 pht.

Hnh 3.26: S nguyn l ca may ra chai 2 u.
1- ca chai vo; 2- b ngm ra s b; 3- khu vc phun s b; 4- cc b ngm xt;
5- khu vc phun ra sau ngm xt; 6- ca chai ra.
3.2.6.1.1.4. Cc b phn chnh trong my ra chai
Gm c:
- B phn np v tho chai.
- Bng ti vn chuyn chai.
- B ngm s b.
- B ngm chnh.
- Gin phun ra.
- B phn loi b nhn.
Hot ng:

Nhm SVTT 110

Nh c cu np, chai c y vo trong cc gi cha chai trn bang ti vn chuyn.
Thng thng trn mt hng ca bang ti c t 7 n 10 gi cha chai.Cc gi cha
chai c nhim v gi chai trong sut qu trnh i trong my ra, tuy nhin vn m
bo thun li cho cng on ra.
Hnh 3.27.My ra chai ti nh my

Hnh 3.28: C cu a np chai.
Ban u khi vo my ra, chai s
c ngm s b vi mc ch:
- Loi b bia cn st trong chai.
- Ha tan cc cht bn bn
ngoi chai.
- Lm m chai.

Nhm SVTT 111

Sau khi ngm s b, chai c ngm tip trong cc b cha xt. Thi gian ngm c
th c iu chnh bng tc di chuyn ca bang ti v kch thc ca b ngm.
Bng ti c th c sp xp nhiu vng trong b xt tng thi gian ngm. nh
mybia Si Gn Bnh Dng b tr 2 b ngm xt vi cc thng s nh sau:
- B ngm 1: xt 1,5 1,8%, nhit 40 60
0
C.
- B ngm 2: xt 2%, nhit 80
0
C.
Ra khi b ngm, chai c phun bn ngoi tch cc cn bn v c bit l nhn
mc cn dnh lng lo trn v chai sau khi ngm xt. Ngi ta s dng lun xt t
b ngm phun, xt c dn qua h thng sng tch nhn v c gia nhit v
a r li b xt. Cc nhn c tp trung li v p tch xt bm theo. Th tch
ca khi nhn sau khi p c th gim t 50 70% so vi th tch nhn trc khi
p.My p nhn c b tr pha di my ra.
Phn pha trn ca my ra c h thng phun ra. y cc chai c dc ngc
ming chai hng xung pha di.Nh vy chai c phun c bn trong v bn
ngoi. Cc tc nhn phun ra y ln lt l:
- Xt nng.
- Nc nng trng xt, nc ny c hi tr li b ngm s b.
- Nc m h nhit chai chun b cho bc lm lnh tip theo.
- Nc lnh lm lnh v loi b tt c cn bn.
- Nc sch trng v trng chai.
m bo ra sch bn trong chai, p lc ca vi phun phi mnh, t 2,0 2,5atm.
ng thi cc vi phun c b tr tng sng vi s vn chuyn ca bng ti chai.
Cc vi phun c th nghing phun dch vo chai vi cc gc khc nhau m
bo phun c ton b trong chai.


Nhm SVTT 112

Tc nhn phun ra sau khi phun vo chai s chy xung cc b cha ngay pha
di.Cc b cha xt nng v nc nng u c cch nhit.
Trong qu trnh ra, chai c nng nhit n nhit ca b xt sau c h
tr li nhit 10 15
0
C. trnh thay i t ngt nhit ca chai, nhit ca
cc b trong may ra c b tr nh sau:
- B ngm s b: 35 40
0
C.
- B ngm ln 2: 55 60
0
C.
- B xt: 75 80
0
C.
- Nc phun trng xt: 45 50
0
C.
- Nc m: 35 40
0
C.
- Nc thng: 20 25
0
C.
- Nc sch v trng: 10 15
0
C.

Hnh 3.29: C cu tho chai ra khi may ra.
3.2.6.1.1.5. Kim tra chai sau ra
Chai ra khi my s c kim tra: thnh chai, y chai, ming chai, bn trong chai
( ch yu l xem cn hay khng cht lng d trong chai) m bo chai hon ton

Nhm SVTT 113

sch bn trong, khng cha cc vt l, khng b h hng nh nt n,
Chm sng chiu ti chai theo phng ngang hoc thng ng, hnh nh s thu
c pha i din vi chm sng. Khi nh thu c bt thng, lp tc chai s
c loi b ngay ra khi bng chuyn.
Kim tra thnh chai:
Ba pha ca chai c kim tra trc v sau khi vo my ra nh h thng gng.
Nu chai qu cao hoc qu thp s c y ngay ra khi bang ti. Kim tra thnh
chai nhm loi b cc chai b xc, nt hoc c mt s h hng khc.
Kim tra y chai:
S dng chm sng n halogen chiu qua y chai t pha di thu c hnh
nh di dng s, sau nh gi theo mt s bc c lp. Cc cht bn, hoc
nhng li c y chai s c to thnh nhng vng ti trn hnh nh, nh vy
chai s c loi ra.
Kim tra ming chai:
Ming chai cn m bo kn khi ghp np trnh thot CO
2
v s xm nhp ca
oxy.Chai c ming st m s c loi b.
Kim tra dch cn d trong y chai:
Kh nng cn d cht ty ra trong chai l hon ton c th, v vy cn kim tra v
loi b nhng chai ny ra khi bng ti trc khi i vo cng on chit bia. Ngi
ta s dng tia chiu x t di y chai, da vo tia sng thu c sau khi qua y
chai, ngi ta c th bit c chai cn d cht ty ra hay khng.
Chai sau kim tra c vn chuyn ti bng ti v c a ti my chit.

Nhm SVTT 114

Hnh 3.30: Kim tra chai sau khi ra.

Hnh 3.31.Thit b kim tra chai sau ra ti nh my

Nhm SVTT 115

3.2.6.1.2. Chit chai
Chit bia vo chai c ra sch c tm quan trng c bit, trong qu trnh ny
cn m bo:
- Khng lm tn tht bia.
- Ton b cc chai u c rt lng bia.
- Cht lng bia khng b nh hng: trnh s nhim tp vi sinh vt, s xm
nhp O
2
, s tn tht CO
2
.
Tin hnh:
Qu trnh chit chai tin hnh da trn nguyn tc cn bng p sut. Chai sau khi
c lm sch, sy kh c bng ti chuyn ti v tr my chit. Khi vo my chit,
chai s c nng ln st vi u chit, khng kh trong chai c ht ra v CO
2

c a vo chai nhm to p sut i khng. Khi c s cn bng p sut, bia t
chy vo chai cho ti khi t chiu cao quy nh ca bia trong chai. Chai c h
xung v a ra khi my chit.
Cc giai on chit bia:

Hnh 3.32: S lm vic ca may chit.

Nhm SVTT 116

- Giai on 1: ht chn khng.
Chai khi vo my chit cha y khng kh.u vi chit c lin kt vi mt
bm chn khng, ht khng kh t trong chai ra.
- Giai on 2: to p sut i khng.
Sau khi ht chn khng, CO
2
c a vo chai, c th t khong khng pha
trn b cha bia ca my chit hoc t ngoi.
- Giai on 3: rt bia vo chai.
Khi p sut trong chai v p sut trong b cha bia ca my chit cn bng nhau,
bia c chy mt cch nh nhng vo chai do s chnh lch v chiu cao. Kh
trong chai c y ra ngoi theo ng dn kh ca vi chit.
- Giai on 4: y chai
Qu trnh rt bia s dng li khi mc bia chm ti ng dn kh ra ca u chit.
Khi van thng kh pha trn b cha bia cng ng li.
- Giai on 5: h chai ra khi vi chit.

Nhm SVTT 117

Hnh 3.33: Cc giai on chit bia vo chai
Qu trnh chit chai cn m bo:
- Th tch bai trong chai vi quy nh. Mc bia trong chai s c iu
chnh bng su ca vi dn kh CO
2
ra. Khi bia chm u vi ny th qu
trnh t chy ca bai vo chai s dng li.
- Khng c s xm nhp O
2
vo chai: nh p sut i khng CO
2
to ra v bia
chy nh xung chai dc theo thnh chai m to ra s xo ng.
Thit b:
My chit chai c thit k dng quay trn vi s vi chit l 78 vi, cng sut
30.000chai/gi. Cc chai c vn chuyn trn bng ti cch nhau mt khong cch
xc nh c iu chnh nh mt b phn dn chai dng xon vt trc khi vo
my chit. Trong my chit, chai c t ln cc gi , pha di b phn chit
bng b phn np chai hnh sao.

Nhm SVTT 118

Hnh 3.34: Cu to ca my chit chai.
1- B phn dn chai dng vis; 2- b phn np chai hnh sao; 3- b phn nng
chai; 4- b phn p ming chai ca vi chit hnh tulip; 5- bnh quay hnh
sao trung tm; 6- bnh rang ni vi thit b xit nt; 7- b phn tho chai
hnh sao; 8- b cha bia hnh vnh khan; 9- ng ht kh to chn
khng; 10- van chit; 11- phn phi chuyn ng quay.
Nhit chit: 4
0
C.
p lc cn bng khi chit: 3 bar.
Nh my s dng dy chuyn chit chai ca hng KHS.


Nhm SVTT 119

3.2.6.1.3. Dp nt chai
Sau khi chit, chai cn c dp np cng nhanh cng tt.Chnh v vy, ngay bn
cnh thit b chit rt l my ng np chai.
Np bia hin nay c s dng lm bng thp khng g c m thic hoc crom
mng, pha trn c in logo ca nh sn xut bia. Xung quanh np chai c 21 rng,
ng knh ca np l 32,1mm v chiu cao l 6mm. Pha trong nt chai c lp m
c nhim v lm kn ming chai khi chit khng cho oxy xm nhp vo chai
hoc CO
2
thot ra khi chai. Khi np c t trn ming chai, trong qu trnh dp
np, 21 rng ca np s b nn xung v bao ly ming chai. Lp m s p st v
nh lm kn ming chai.
Np chai c xp trong phu, sau c di chuyn theo mt hng trong khun
dp, u xit np c h xung st ming chai. Np chai c gi bi mt nam
chm ca u xit v y tng np vo ming chai.Nng sut ca thit b ng np
chai phi ng b vi thit b chit.
Trc khi chit rt, KCS s ly mu bia kim tra vi sinh tn sut 4 gi/ln, ng
thi sau khi ng np cng s kim tra kn ca chai.
Sau khi chit rt, chai s c phun ra li bng nc thng ra lng bia khi
chit tro ra bn ngoi nu c.
K n chai s c a qua thit b thanh trng tunnel thc hin qu trnh thanh
trng nhm m bo ch tiu vi sinh cho sn phm.

Nhm SVTT 120

Hnh 3.35: My dp np chai.
1- b phn phn phi np chai; 2- ng c ca b phn phn phi np; 3- ng dn
np chai vi ng nh hng; 4- u xit np; 5- c cu dn chai; 6- ng c.

Hnh 3.36. My chit v dp np chai ti nh my


Nhm SVTT 121

3.2.6.1.4. Thanh trng
Mc ch: di tc dng ca nhit 60 80
0
C, trong thi gian 15 20 pht
tiu dit v ngn chn tc hi ca vi sinh vt trong bia thnh phm nhm
bo qun v ko di thi gian n nh cht lng ca sn phm..

Hnh 3.37. Bia c a vo thit b thanh trng ti nh my
Cu to thit b:
Thit b thanh trng hot ng hon ton t ng, c iu khin thong qua gi tr
PU ( Pasterizer Unit). PU l n v thanh trng, th hin an ton vi sinh sau khi
c thanh trng 61
0
C trong thi gian 1 pht.
Nu v mt l do no m nhit trong hm thanh trng khng t c nh gi
tr ci t th my s t ng iu chnh tc bng ti sao cho cui cng vn
t c gi tr PU ci t.
Thit b thanh trng c chia lm 2 u.mt u s c ca vo nhp liu ( chai bia
sau khi chit rt) v ca tho sn phm sau thanh trng.

Nhm SVTT 122

Trong thit b c 12 khoang, chia lm 10 vng:
- Nhit vng 1: 35,6
0
C.
- Nhit vng 2: 44, 6
0
C.
- Nhit vng 3: 49,9
0
C.
- Nhit vng gi nhit(4 vng): 59,5
0
C, 60
0
C, 60,5
0
C, 61
0
C.
- Nhit vng 8: 50,2
0
C.
- Nhit vng 9:45,4
0
C.
- Nhit vng 10: 34,2
0
C.

Hnh 3.38.Kim sot nhit cc khoang bng h thng my tnh
Chai bia c vn chuyn trong thit b nh vo h thng bng ti dng li. Ti
mi vng c h thng u phun cung cp nc gia nhit cho tng vng, nc sau
chy qua bng ti li i vo b cha tng ng bn di.

Nhm SVTT 123

Nc sau khi c thu hi ti mi b s c i qua thit b gia nhit ng lng ng
nhm gia nhit nc cung cp tr li cho thit b.
Nc nng c bm ln nh h thng bm c t trn sn.
Tin hnh:
Bia sau khi c chit rt s theo h thng bng ti i n thit b thanh trng. C 2
h thng bng ti abia chai i vo 2 ngn ca thit b.
Ti vng u tin c tc dng nng nhit ca chai ln khong 35
0
C , vi tc nhn
l nc nng c cung cp vng 10, nc c phun t trn xung qua 2 bng
ti li sau tch t vo b cha bn di vng 1.
Tip theo chai s qua vng 2 cng c tc dng gia nhit, bia tip tc nng nhit ln
khong 44
0
C nh nc nng cung cp vng 9. Nc sau tch t li vo b cha
di vng 2.
Vng th 3 cng c tc dng nng nhit chai ln 51
0
C nh nc nng bm t
vng 8.Nc sau tch t li vo b cha di vng 3.
Tip theo chai bia s n vng gi nhit, vng ny c 4 nng nhm ko di thi gian
gi nhit. Chai s t n nhit thanh trng 57 61
0
C v c i trong vng ny
vi nhit khng i v thi gian 30 pht.Nc phun c duy tr nhit trn
nh h thng hi qu nhit, v cng c tun hon lin tc gi cho nhit
khng i.
Sau khi ra khi vng gi nhit, chai bia s i n vng s 8 l vng gim nhit. Ti
vng s 8 chai c h nhit xung cn 51
0
C nh vo lng nc c cp t
b s 3 bm qua. Nc sau khi phun xung cng qua h thng bng ti li v c
tch t vo b cha di vng 8 v c bm tr li vng s 3 gia nhit cho bia.
K tip l vng 9, chai c gim nhit xung cn 45
0
C nh vo lng nc

Nhm SVTT 124

c cung cp t b s 2.
Sau bia n vng s 10 l vng lm ngui cui cng gip gim nhit xung
cn 34
0
C nh vo lng nc c bm qua t vng 1.
Bia sau theo ca ra ra ngoi thit b.
Tng cng thi gian thanh trng l 70 75 pht, thi gian ca mi vng khong 7
pht.
3.2.6.1.5. Dn nhn v xp kt
Dn nhn
Sau khi thanh trng chai c a n my dn nhn. thun li cho vic dn
nhn, trc chai phi c thi kh.Nhn s c cp bn ngoi v s tun t
c dn v p cht vo c chai, thnh chai.C h thng xon nhn vo c chai sao
cho ng v tr v h thng bn chi mm, tip xc vi chai p cht nhn vo
chai.

Hnh 3.39: Nguyn tc lm vic ca my dn nhn chai.

Nhm SVTT 125

Keo dn c ph ln rulo 1, khi rulo 1 quay tip xc vi cc tm qut keo 2 t
trn 1 mm xoay trn, nh vy keo c qut ln cc tm 2. Khi cc tm 2 tip xc
vi cc nhn b phn cp nhn 3 ( mt sau ca nhn), nhn s c gn vo cc
tm ny nh lc kt dnh ca keo dn. Mt trc ca nhn c hng ra ngoi v
c phun hn s dng nh b phn 4.Sau nhn c kp ln cc tm ca rulo 5
v c dnh vo chai khi tip xc vi chai quay trn mm 6.Chi 7 s mit cc
nhn dn xung quanh chai.Chai tip tc chuyn ng trn mm 6 v i ra ngoi.

Hnh 3.40.My dn nhn chai ti nh my

Nhm SVTT 126

Hnh 3.41.Thit b phun date ti nh my

Hnh 3.42. Bia chai thnh phm c a vo kt ti nh my


Nhm SVTT 127

V kt:
Sau chai c xp vo kt vi s lng 20chai/kt 2 kt, thit b xp chai vo
kt tng t nh thit b ly chai ra khi kt. Cc kt ny s c my xp ln cc
pallet, sau xe nng s a pallet ra kho bo qun.
3.2.6.2. Hon thin sn phm bia lon
Tin hnh
Lon c dng chit th c nhp v t Cng Ty Bao B Sng Lam, c ng
thnh pallet, mi pallet c 5940 lon. Sau khi kim tra cc ch tiu, nu m bo cht
lng s c xe nng ch n my r lon. Ti y my ct tm giy king bn
ngoi cng vi h thng ht bng kh ht tm giy trn pallet lon. H thng cn gt
a lon theo bng chuyn, trn bng chuyn c gn nhng sensor cm ng dy
ca lon trn bng chuyn. Lon c a ti b phn o lon ra sch bi, sau
dng kh CO
2
sch thi vo y nc ra ngoi, lon c bng chuyn a n
my chit.


Nhm SVTT 128

Hnh 3.43.Lon chun b ra ti nh my

Hnh 3.44.My chit lon ti nh my
Cng sut chit 30.000 lon/gi, my chit c 40 vi chit, cc vi ny quay trn
chit bia vo lon v qua my ng np.
Bia lon ng np xong th i qua b phn o lon thun li cho nhng cng on
sau. Ngoi ra mc ch ca cng on ny kim tra nhng lon bia nu trong qu
trnh ng np khng cht th khi qua cng on thanh trng s b bung ngay.
Thanh trng nhm mc ch tiu dit vi sinh vt v lm bt hot cc enzyme trong
bia.


Nhm SVTT 129

H thng thanh trng gm 12 khoang chia lm 3 vng trao i nhit:
- Vng 1: gm 4 khoang u, nhit vng ny c nng ln t t v bia sau
khi chit nhit lnh khong 5,9
0
C, nu ta khng nng nhit t t m
nng nhanh n nhit thanh trng s gy n lon. Nhit trong 4 khoang
u l: 29,5
0
C 35,2
0
C 46,8
0
C.
- Vng 2: gm 4 khoang tip theo, y l vng thanh trng nhit nm trong
vng ny gi dao ng trong khong 60
0
C. Nhit 4 khoang thanh trng l:
61,1
0
C 60,9
0
C 60,9
0
C 60,9
0
C.
- Vng 3: gm 4 khoang cui, y l vng h nhit a sn phm ra
ngoi. Nhit vng ny c h mt cch t t: 47,6
0
C 36,4
0
C 28,4
0
C.
-
Hnh 3.45.H thng thanh trng bia lon ti nh my

Nhm SVTT 130

Bia sau thanh trng s qua h thng lm kh lon n cng on in date mc in
khng b nha. Trc khi n my in phun in date th lon i qua b phn kim
tra khi lng, nhng lon khng trng lng b y ra ngoi, lon trng lng
n my in phun, qua b o lon n my gp lon vo thng. Ti y, thng giy
c a n my ghp thng. Lon sau khi ng thng phi c kim tra trng
lng ln na v in date ngoi thng. Nhng thng t ch tiu chy trn bng ti
xp vo pallet, a vo kho ch kim tra v xut xng.

Hnh 3.46.Thit b kim tra trng lng lon ti nh my


Nhm SVTT 131

Hnh 3.47. Thit b phun date bia lon ti nh my

Hnh 3.48.Bia lon thnh phm c xp vo thng carton ti nh my


Nhm SVTT 132

CHNG 4: SN PHM
4.1. Bia thnh phm
Sn phm bai chai SAIGON EXPORT
- Thng hiu: SAIGON EXPORT.
- Bao b: chai thy tinh mu nu,dung tch
355ml.
- Ch tiu cht lng ch yu: cn 4,9%
th tch.
- c tnh k thut: s dng nguyn liu l
go, malt, hoa houblon, nc.
- c tnh s dng: s dng tt nht 10-
12
0
C.
- Th trng tiu th: min ng, Ty Nam B, Trung B.
- Xut khu: Php, c, M, c, Hong Kong, Nht, EU, Singapore.

Sn phm bia lon 333 EXPORT
- Thng hiu: 333 EXPORT.
- Bao b: lon nhm, dung tch 330ml.
- Ch tiu cht lng ch yu: cn
5,3% th tch.
- c tnh k thut: s dng nguyn liu
malt, go, hoa houblon, nc.
- c tnh s dng: s dng tt nht 10-
12
0
C.
- Th trng tiu th: ton quc.
- Xut khu: M, Nht, Nga, i Loan.

Nhm SVTT 133

4.2.Ch tiu cht lng

CH TIU CHT LNG BIA THNH PHM CHAI 355
ha tan biu kin(
0
P
1.8-2.3
cn 20
0
C ( %v/v)
4.7-5.15
ha tan nguyn thy(
0
P)
11.1-11.7
1.3-1.7
Hm lng Diacetyl
<0.1
pH
4.0-4.4
CO
2
(g/l)
4.3-5.9
Kh d (ml)
<1.8
mu (
o
EBC)
6.0-8.0
trong (%Neph)
<18
hp
TT
ng
18-24
Ch tiu Iod
0.3
bn bt (s)
200-350
Bng 4.1.Ch tiu cht lng bia chai thnh phm


Nhm SVTT 134

CH TIU CHT LNG BIA THNH PHM LON 330
ha tan biu kin(
0
P
1.8-2.4
cn 20
0
C ( %v/v)
5.1-5.6
ha tan nguyn thy(
0
P)
12.0-12.8
1.4-1.8
Hm lng Diacetyl
0.1
pH
4.0-4.4
CO
2
(g/l)
4.3-5.9
Kh d (ml)
<1.8
mu (
o
EBC)
6.0-8.5
trong (%Neph)
<18
Bng 4.2.Ch tiu cht lng bia lon thnh phm


Nhm SVTT 135

* KT QU KIM TRA 1 S CH TIU BIA CHAI THNH PHM

Hnh 4.1.Biu kt qu ha tan biu kin

Hnh 4.2.Biu kt qu ha tan nguyn thy

Nhm SVTT 136

Hnh 4.3.Biu kt qu cn

Hnh 4.4.Biu kt qu kh d chai

Nhm SVTT 137

Hnh 4.5.Biu kt qu pH chai
Qua kho st t cc biu trn, cht lng bia chai thnh phm c kim sot
thng qua kim tra 1 s ch tiu cht lng u t cht lng ra, tuy nhin s n
nh gia cc l cc ln kim tra l cha cao ph thuc vo nhiu yu t t trang
thit b n vn hnh v k c nhn vin kim tra cc ch tiu.

Nhm SVTT 138

* KT QU KIM TRA 1 S CH TIU BIA LON THNH PHM

Hnh 4.6.Biu kt qu ha tan nguyn thy

Hnh 4.7.Biu kt qu ha tan biu kin

Nhm SVTT 139

Hnh 4.8.Biu kt qu cn

Hnh 4.9.Biu kt qu pH lon

Nhm SVTT 140

T cc biu cc ch tiu trn, ta thy cc ch tiu vn m bo cht lng cho
bia lon thnh phm, nhng tnh n nh ca dy chuyn bia lon l khng cao, v
nguyn nhn nh cp c th t thit b, s c n con ngi.
4.3.Lu mu
- Bia thnh phm c lu li t ha l trong 12 thng, mi l lu 4 chai (lon), 2
chai (lon) lu li nh my, 2 chai (lon) gi v cng ty kim tra.

Nhm SVTT 141

TI LIU THAM KHO
1.Bi i Cng ngh ln men ng dng trong cng ngh thc phm , Nh xut
bn i hc Quc gia TPHCM, 2003.
2.Hong nh Ha Cng ngh sn xut malt v bia, Nh xut bn Khoa hc k
thut, 2002.

Hoan Chinh

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