"manishkumarphysics.

in"
1
CHEMISTRY
nut4 ii
saiai
=i l+ tn i-- t . < +i -i- ~-ii( ti-i t
ti tn zii < + +ii + i- <i li- l-i ti -i t i < +i ~-ii
l-iil- +-i t
~--i l+ ~i+i i n
~il+ nl-/ i<l-z+ nl-
:= ia n tn n =i + ti ~i --+ n ii +i l-- - ~- + n :-+ n ii +i ni- tn n = l-n. i n l-n.
-i-= l-n -ii nn=+ l-n +i =ti-i = +- t
i4nfa4 y <i +i isa
+ia :
l-- -i n = +i l-lz-- nizii + ln( n = + ,ii i i ni ~i--. n = + <i ~ii n = nni n <i. +
+ni-i-i ti-i t
V o
P
1
~- PV = l--i+
t l--i + n= +i nizii -ii n = + -ini- l-i +-i t
P
1
V
1
= P
2
V
2
P
v
P
2
P
1
V
2
V
1
B
A
i4n fa4 + as4in
+ + <i iin A -ii B + ln( P
1
V
1
= K & P
2
V
2
= K
~- t -i-i t l+ P
1
V
1
= P
2
V
2
.
"manishkumarphysics.in"
2
CHEMISTRY
r+ir4i
i4aa <i ais
n = +i ~i-- izi + <i = N/m
2
= Pa S.I. :+i: +l-- ni-i +i-i + l-< = 373 K
~i-- + i t C.G.S unit = dyne-cm
2
ltni+ l-< = 273 K
S.I. unit m
3
l-- 1N/m
2
into dyne/cm
2
+it -i: ni-i +i-i + l-< = 212 F
ltni+ l-< = 32 F
C.G.S. unit cm
3
2 4
5
2
cm 10
dyne 10
m 1
N 1
=
=l-=n ni-i +i-i+ l-< = 100C
ltni + l-< = 0C
1 = 10
3
m
3
1N/m
2
= 10 dyne/cm
2
32 212
32 F
273 373
273 K
0 100
0 C

1 = 10
3
cm
9
1 atm = 1 bar =
) 0 ( R ) 100 ( R
) 0 ( R R

1dm
3
= 1 = 10
3
m
3
1 atm = 1.013 10
5
N/m
2
= 1 bar ti R= -i (~ai- ni- )
1ml = 10
3
= 1 cm
3
i4nt4 <i :
=n<i =-t inn ,ii nnii ni <i 1 atm +tni-i t
1 atm = 1.013 bar
1 atm = 1.013 10
5
N/m
2
= 1.013 bar = 760 torr
a<iri-1 (+ n ii +z ai = ni n i-i t + +i ~i-- 10 ml t n i n 2 atm<i (+ n = ii
i-i t -ii := ll-il- n +n ~i-- 1 ni t l< ir <i 4atm-+ cii i-i t. -i n i +i
~i-- 625 ml ti i-i t n i n -l-i- nin +i =i ai- +il(
rn ni-i l+ nin +i =i = n .
nin +i ~i-- = 10 n ml.
n ni +i ~i-- = 1000 ml.
i< n = 625 ml.
~ n i n n = +i nizii -ii -ini- l-- t-i t . ~- in l-n +in n n =+- t
P
1
V
1
= P
2
V
2
4 (625 10n) = 2 (1000 10n)
625 4 = 2000 20n + 40n
625 4 2000 = 20n
20
2000 4 625
= n.
5
125
= n n = 25
<i +i isa
ita
ini (+ -+i t i l+ <i ni- + +in ~i-i t i ni +i l-nii l--- +i = ti-i t
Hg i w. kZ: i
l sHkj k j gr k gSa
i r y k
l adj k
Xy kl
Vq; wc
P
0
P
0
P
0
P = P
0 atm
Mg
v kn' kZfuokZr
{+fzi+i ai +t asi +ia +i <z4)
"manishkumarphysics.in"
3
CHEMISTRY
i nni <i +i ni- n+ i i ni +i -< +i - +i -ln+i n n+ i ---i +i - -i: +i l-ii i ++ l+i i-i
t i + ---i n nn- ini -i- +i ~i <i. iti i-ii + <i = =-- ln- ti -i t i l+ izi n i n+ i
<i nni-i t -ii n+ i +inn +i - +i ~i i+n-i t
(+ -ni = +i ~ zii l+- + lzi+i -ni +i i = (ti < l-+n- ini ti ) n+ i = < + =ii i+. =ni-
< = ii t : ~i-i+i -i < n := --i ii i-i t ~ in i nni <i + ~iii -ni + ~-< i +i
-- - +i l-i- +-i t l=+i iai+ i- + < ii i-i t + lzi+i -ni + ~-< n+ i +inn l-i
ti i-i t - +inn liini n =- ln- ti-i -ilt( n =-n- +i nni- . tn i-- +- t
P
atm
A= mg (A + lzi+i-ni +i ~- -i +i -i zi+n t )
l< -n +i i- t. -i m= V (V = A h)
~- P
atm
A = ( g h) A ('h' t --i: t. l= + lzi+i-ni n n+ i +i -- c-i t )
~ii P
atm
= gh
=ini- i nni <i l= tn 1 i nni ~ii 1 atm+t- t . +i ni =n < -- i nn ,ii nni n
<i = liili- l+i i-i t t Hg + 760 mm = Hg + 76 cm -+ ii i-i t (ni =n< -- ini
+ ,ii <ziii ni iai + Hg +i 76 cm t)
1 atm = (13.6 10
3
) 9.8 0.76 = 1.013 10
5
Pas.
1 torr = 1 mm of Hg.
1 bar = 10
5
N/m
2
(Pa)
ifa 4a ita
(+ ~i<zi i ni =ti ia i + + n - <zii ( ni l< n+ i +i nn + - + -ii- l-i - ti . n l+- + z l-il-i
n l< + z n = +i n+ i +i nn + - + -ii- ii i-i t . -i i ni +i zi l +- i ni + n ni + -
l+i i-i t := +i + i ni +i i--l+ <i = +n iai + ti -i t
:= +i + zi l +- i ni + ln(
mg
P A
atm
P A
gas
P
0
A = Mg + P
n=
A
P
0
= gh + P
n=
~ii gh = P
0
P
n=
"manishkumarphysics.in"
4
CHEMISTRY
a<iri-2 (+ zi l +- ini +i iai + 700 mm Hg t l+ i--l+ <i Hg +i 750 mm t := ll-il-
n i +inn + ,ii i-- +i n: n-i: 10 cmt i nni <i +i i--l+ ni- ai- +il( :=
i ni +i iai + Hg +i 750 mmti t ni-+ l+ izi n n+ i =-t + - i ni +i n-i:
l-- t-i t
rn. P
0
= P
gas
+ 700 g
P
gas
= 750 g 700 g = 50 g
~ +lzi+i-ni n n= +inn + ln( nizii -ii -ini- l-- t- t P
1
V
1
= P
2
V
2
(50 g) (100 A) =
gas
P'
(50 A)

gas
P'
= 100 g
~. -i l-il- n n=-n- nnii i-i t
atm
P' =
gas
P'
+ 750 g
= 100 g + 750 g = 850 g
~- ~ i nni <i Hg +i 850 mmt
a<iri-3 :-n = + -<iti n. n= +i <i ai- +il(
Hg
10 cm
gas column
P = 75 cm of Hg
0
rn. n = +inn +i +n <i
= 75 + 10 = Hg + 85 cm.
a<iri-4
rn. P
gas
= 65 cm of Hg.
a<iri-5
P
g
= 75 + 10 cos u.
rn. -i +- =n-i = . =ini-- t +ti i =+-i t l+ t =n n = - n- nni-i ~iz+ -ti t l< tn (+ -n
n - i- t -i -i i n-i: +i ii- t -ii -i- i- t -i -i i n-i: i i i-i t
"manishkumarphysics.in"
5
CHEMISTRY
iufa4
l-- <i n= +i l-lz-- nizii + ln( n= + ,ii ii ni ~i--. (n -i ni- ) n= + -ini- +
=ii =ni-i-i ti -i t
V o T ~ii V = kT
r fu; =
T
V
ti 'k' =ni-i-i l--i + t -ii t n = +i nizii -ii <i l-i +-i t
2
2
1
1
T
V
T
V
=
-ini-. ni-+ n ni- . +l-- ni- ~ii ~i<zi n= ni-
V = a + bT =-in ni- -ini-
V
T
=i : T = t + 273
l ~i-- n -i T + =ni- i-i t - n zi - n = +i ~i-- = zil--+ = zi - ti -i -ilt(
:= +i n zi - + -<i+ -i +i : ii <ii n =i ~-ii n -ti t-i. =iii ii ~i i +i ~l-
lz- +- zi - ~i-- i-- ti -i t . ii ln+ = n zi - -i i-- -ti l+i i =+-i. := +i
t + n (+ l=zi-- t
- --n -ini- +i =ini 273.15C +i ni-+ + l-- n -ini- + (+ ni- +i l+l=- l+i i l+ n
ni- + -in = i-i i-i t
a<iri-6 l< (+ l-lz-- nizii l+ n = +i -i 27C= 57C- cii i-i t . -i n = +i ~l--n ~i-- ai- +i
l< il-i+ ~i-- = 1 L t -ii ni-i l+ <i l-- t
rn
2
2
1
1
T
V
T
V
=

) 57 273 (
V
) 27 273 (
1
2
+
=
+
~- V
2
= 1.1 lt.
a<iri-7 1 i nni <i 3 ni ~i-- +i (+ i ni izi i +- t izi +i il-i+ -ini- 27Ci 300
K = tCi (t + 273)K-+ nn l+i i-i t 17C-ii 1 atm izi = l-+ni n = +i nizii 1.45 ni
nii i-i t -ini- t ai- +il(
rn T
0
1
= 300 K
t ni-+ +i tn n = +i (t + 273) -+ nn l+i i-i t . l= izi = Av ~i-- l-+n i-i t
~- -i-= l-n nni-
300
3
=
273 t
V 3
+
A +
~ l-+il=- Av ~i-- +i izi n -ii-i--l- ++ ai l+i i-i t . -i

273 t
V
+
A
=
290
45 . 1
<i =ni+i +i tn + Av -ii t +i ni- i-- +- t
A V ai- +. t +i l+ln- + --i i-- +n
"manishkumarphysics.in"
6
CHEMISTRY
s4 ni (Payload) +i sf+na :
t ~li+-n ii i n = = i n i + ,ii -aii i =+-i t . ni +tni-i t
F
--ni-
= M
nii
g + M
nnii ni ii
g

i
v.g. =
n=
v.g + Mg + mg.
n i +i ii =m n i liini n = 0
ni +i ~i-- = V
i +i i- =
i
(=i- / n ii l-- nl- + =ii ~i-i t )
ni + ~-< n= +i i- =
n=
a<iri-8 20 ni i= + (+ n i +i - 100 kg t :=+ ,ii nni n ni (Pay load) l+n- +il(
l< t 1.0 atm <i -ii 27C He ,ii ii ni ti . -ii i +i i- 1.2 kg m
3
t [R=0.082 dm
3
atm K
1
mol
1
]
rn ni +i ii = 100 kg = 10 10
4
g
ni +i ~i-- =
3
3
100
2
20
7
22
3
4
r
3
4
|
.
|

\
|
= t
= 4190 10
6
cm
3
= 4190 10
3
litre
n i n (He) n = +i ii =
RT
PVM
|
.
|

\
|
= RT
M
w
PV
M= ~il+ ii = 4 10
3
Kg
=
300 082 . 0
4 10 4190 1
3

= 68.13 10
4
g
n i -ii He n = +i + n ii
= 68.13 10
4
+ 10 10
4
= 78.13 10
4
g
l-iil- i +i ii =
3
6
10
10 4190 2 . 1
= 502.8 10
4
g
nnii ni ii = l-iil- i +i ii (n i +i ii + n = +i ii)
nnii ni ii = 502.8 10
4
78.13 10
4
= 424.67 10
4
g.
n4ui+ fa4
l-- ~i-- n = +i l-lz-- nizii + ln( n= +i <i. n = + n -i + =iii =ni- i-i ti -i t
P o T
T
P
= l--n= +i nizii -ii ~i-- l-i +-i t
2
2
1
1
T
P
T
P
=
n -+n + -i
n n = . l-n +i = -in ni- l+l=- l+i i-i t . ti t ai- ti-i t l+ <i. -ini- +i ii +n-
t P = P
0
+ bt ti zi- lni =-in b l-- t -ii <i P
0
t
P
T
O
P
P
0
t
(273C)
"manishkumarphysics.in"
7
CHEMISTRY
a<iri PV = K V = K
1
/P
T
V
= K
2
V = K
2
T
P
K
1
= K
2
T
PT =
2
1
K
K
= l-- P o =
T
1
?

tn +ti nn- t `
t nn- t . +i l+ tn -ini- -ii K
1
= f(1) ll-- +- t ~- K
1
. -ini- + ~-=i ll- - tini
:=ln(
2
1
K
K
-ini- +i +n- ti-i t. nl+- l-- -ti ti-i t
a<iri-9 (+ l-lz-- < ni- n = +i -ini- < n -i l+i i-i t . l< n = i-i n 1 atm<i t . -i <i n % lz
ai- +l ?
rn.
1
1
T
P
=
2
2
T
P
T
1
=
T 2
P
2
P
2
= 2atm P
1
= 1 atm
% lz =
1
1 2
x 100 = 100%
a<iri-10 (+ l-lz-- < ni- n = +i -i l-- ~i-- 27C= 37C-i -+ c ii i-i t . -i n = +i <i +i
tini
rn
1
1
T
P
=
2
2
T
P
;
300
P
=
310
P
2
; P
2
=
30
31
P
iini<i sf+sai
<i -ii -i + =ni- ni- + ln( lli-- n =i + ~i ~i +i =ni- =i. =ni- ~i-- +i i - t
N
1

V ((+ n = + P -ii T N
1
~i ~i +i ~i--)
N
1

V (l,-i n= + P -ii T N
1
~i~i +i ~i--)
+ 1 ni n + ,ii i i ni ~i-- ni n ~i-- t -ii t =ni- ll-il-i + ~-- n- + n = + ln(
=ni- tini
STP 1 nin n= -ii n= +i =i- 22.413996 L ~i-- i-i t
il-i+ ni-+ ~ii ii =i- lai- + in n ni i- t . :=+ ~- =i ia+ ais y <i (STP), 0C-i
(273.15K) -ii 1 atm(101.325 kPa) = ii i =i ~li+ <i <lzi- +-i t
ia+ sfzi ais y <i (SATP), + z ail-+ i ni n -i n ti -i t SATPll-il- +i ~i t . 298.15K-i -ii
1 bar (~ii- exactly 10
5
Pa). SATP (1 bar -ii 298.15 K) ~i<zi n = +i ~i-- 24.789 Lmol
1
t
ii +i ut+i
=ii =- ii +i = i l- +-
T
PV
= l--i + (n= +i nizii (n) l-i +-i t )
1
1 1
T
V P
=
2
2 2
T
V P
"manishkumarphysics.in"
8
CHEMISTRY
i<zi nu ut+i
nT
PV
= l--i+ [=i lzi+ l--i+]
= R (~i<zi n = l--i + ~ii =i lzi+ n = l--i +)
inin+ =
R = 8.314 J/Kmole ~ 25/3
= 1.987 cal/mole ~ 2
= 0.08 Latm/mole ~ 1/12
a<iri-11 4 ni ~i-- + (+ l=n = 27C-ii 1 i nn <i ti: i - n = + =ii + 2 ni ~i--
+ + z nini n ii +i ii i-i t 127C l=n + ~-< H
2
n = +i <i 2 atm t := l=n
+i +- + i i =+- in n ii +i = i ai- +il( l=n +i -ini- 27Cnil-
rn l=n + ~-< ln( n( n= + nini +i =i =
400 R
4 20

= 2.43 L
l=n + ~-< n = + zii ni ni +i =i =
300 R
4 1

= 0.162L
ni i- + ln( -in l+( i- in ni ni +i =i = 2.43 0.162 = 2.268
ni-i l+ 'n' = i n n i i i =+- t
-i 1 ni n i i- in ni ni +i = i =
300 082 . 0
2 1

= 0.081
0.081 n = 2.268
n = 28 ni
ifzi+ <i +i iaa fa4
ifzi+ <i
(+ ~l+iziin n =i + lni n l+=i ~i n = + ~i lzi+ <i +i -= n = + ,ii nni n <i = liili- l+i
i-i t l< lni +i i = ~i-- + n -= ~ ,ii i i i-i t in ~i n = +i ~i lzi+ <i
v
RT n
P
1
1
=
v
RT n
P
2
2
=
v
RT n
P
3
3
=
+n <i = P
1
+ P
2
+ P
3
.
iaa fa4 :
(+ ~l+iziin n =i lni + ln( lni +i + n <i lli-- ~i n =i + ~i lzi+ <i +i i n ti -i t
P
Total
= P
1
+ P
2
+ P
3
v
RT ) n n n (
3 2 1
+ +
=
1
T
1
T
1
x
n
n
P
P
= =
( in ~i n = +i ni nli--)
2
T
2
T
2
x
n
n
P
P
= =
(l,-i ~i n= +i ni nli--)
3
T
3
T
3
x
n
n
P
P
= =
(- -i ~i n= +i ni nli--)
"manishkumarphysics.in"
9
CHEMISTRY
a<iri-12 <i - l-+i ~i-- 5 ni ~i 10 ni t . :-+ +nzi 9 atm -ii 6 atm ~i<zi n = t . -i +i+
,ii t l< -i l-- t -i -i +i+ ii n- + i< ~l--n <i +i ni-i +i
rn -i +i+ i n- + i< <i -i -i +i <i i tini
i-i n, An n= + nini +i =i =
RT
6 x 10
i-i n B n n = + ni ni +i =i =
RT
9 x 5
i-i n +n nini +i = i =
RT
105
-i +i+ iin- = tn +n ni ni +i =i
= -i +i+ iin- + i< +n nini +i =i =
RT
105
-i +i+ in- + i< <i
P =
RT
105
x
total
V
RT
=
5 10
105
+
= 7 atm
a<iri-13 100 ml + + n ~i-- + NO
2
-ii CO+i lni l=+i ~i-- 1 atm 70 ml t :=n NO
2
+i ~i--
70 ml t lni + z =n + ln( ti -ii =ni- NO
2
, N
2
O
4
n := +i lzn+i+ - t ~i l+ lni +i ~l--n
~i-- 1 atm 80 ml ti i-i t ~l--n =i- lni n NO
2
+i nin li-- l+ln- +il(
rn NO
2
+i il-i+ ~i-- = 70 ml
CO = 100 70 = 30 ml
lni +i ~l--n ~i-- = 80 ml
ni-i ~l--n lni n NO
2
+i ~i-- x ml t
ni-i V ml NO
2
, N
2
O
4
n <n i-i t
2NO
2
N
2
O
4
V V/2
~- ~l--n ~i--
= CO +i ~i-- + zii - NO
2
+i ~i-- + -i n N
2
O
4
+i ~i--
= 30 + 70 V + V/2 = 80
V = 40 ml
~- zii - NO
2
+i ~i-- = 70 V = 30 ml
~ ~i-- onin nin li-- = ~i-- li-- =
80
30
=
8
3
nut4 fi +i fznii
isia-
-ini- T -ii <i P +i ~i<zi ll-il-i + ~--n - H
2
n = + i- + =i -i l+=i n = + i- = n = + ii-
+i liili- l+i i-i t
ii- =
dk ?kuRo ij rFkk
?kuRo ij xSl dk rFkk
2
H P T
P T
P =
M
RT
.
V
m
P =
M
RT
=
RT
PM
ii- =
2
H
PM RT
RT PM

xSl
=
2
H
M
M
xSl
=
2
M
xSl
(=ni- -i ( <i )
M
n=
= 2 i i-
"manishkumarphysics.in"
10
CHEMISTRY
nut4fi +i iua if+ ii
lni + + n <i +i lni n ni ni +i + n = i = liil- l+i i-i t
M
lni
=
feJ.k esa k la[; dh dqy eksyksa
Hkkj qy feJ.k dk d
ni n ii M
1
+i (+ n = + n
1
ni n
ni n ii M
2
+i (+ n = + n
2
ni n
ni n ii M
3
+i (+ n = + n
3
ni n
M
lni
=
3 2 1
3 3 2 2 1 1
n n n
M n M n M n
+ +
+ +
a<iri-14 STP -i:i- + 7 g , CO
2
+ 22 g -ii CO+ 5.6 ni n=i + lni + ~i =- ni n ii +i ni-i
+i
rn N
2
+ nin = 7/28 = 1/4
CO
2
+ nin = 22/44 = 1/2
CO + nin = 5.6 / 22.4 = 1/4
ni ni n ii = M
min
=
3 2 1
3 3 2 2 1 1
n n n
M n M n M n
+ +
+ +
= ( 7 + 7 + 22 ) / 1 = 36
fui/faui +i nir fa4
fui --- =i-< -i (--- ~i lzi+ <i) + -i zi = l--- =i-< -i + -i zi (l--- ~i lzi+ <i) +i ~i n =i ~i +i + n
-i-ili+ it l=i +tni-i t
<i-i ~i = it ti ni. l=n <i-i izii n N
2
:=+
~i lzi+ <i +i i i- +i i= + ni -ii O
2
ii ( =i ti + ni
nir fa4
<i +i =ni- ll-il-i + ~--n - (~i lzi+ <i) lli-- n =i + l=i +i <. lli-- n = + i- + n n n +
+ni-i-i ti-i t
l=i +i < r
d
1
d = n= +i i-
2
1
r
r
=
1
2
d
d
=
1
2
M
M
=
1
2
D . V
D . V
V.D i i- t
r = ~i-- it < =
dt
dV
ck
r = nin it < =
dt
dn
ck
"manishkumarphysics.in"
11
CHEMISTRY
r = l- :+i: =n n n=i ~i ,ii - +i n: <i =
dt
dx
(+ i =ii - ilzii (parameter) ll- - ti =+-i ti . -i n itn + l=i l-n +i =ini- = := +i
= +- l+i i-i t
<
TM
P
A
P <i , A lz< +i -izi+n, T -ini-, M ~il+ ii
l< n =i + ~i lzi+ <i =ni- -ti t . - l=i +i < ~i lzi+ <i + =ni- i-i ti -i t -ii ni n ii +
n nn + +ni-i-i ti-i t
r P
r
M
1
2
1
r
r
=
2
1
P
P
1
2
M
M
4ai-+ fui
l< (+ lni + (+ ~ii (+ = ~li+ ~i +i l=l- l+i i-i t -ii ~-i +i -ti l+i i-i t . -i := ~
+i iin+ l=i (--in+ l=i) ti -i t
nfaa +n H
2
n = +i ilt- ti - < -i t
faui (n + l=i) (+ n= +i in <i + ~- i n ,ii (+ lz< n = l=l- + -ii i-i t
fNnz
ful j . k
a<iri-15 (+ -ni l=+i n-i: 5 mt :=+ li- <i l=i <i =nln- lz< t =ni- ll-il-i + ~--n - li-
l=i = -ni n H
2
-ii O
2
+i l-=l- l+i i-i t -i t l-< ai- +il(. ti <i -i n = in i lnn-i
t `
rn.
2
1
r
r
=
dt
dx

dx
dt
=
1
2
m
m
=
2
1
dx
dx
=
2
32
2
1
dx
dx
= 4
nwjh xbZ }kjk r; dh
nwjh xbZ }kjk r; dh
2
2
O
H
= 4
"manishkumarphysics.in"
12
CHEMISTRY
) x 5 (
x

= 4 ; x = (5 x) 4 ; x = 20 4x ; 5x = 20
H
2
+i ~i = x = 4
a<iri-16 t ni-+ l+ ~i+ i= ti: i - n = +i i<zi t i l+ H
2
, HD-ii D
2
+- t -=n = ~i+i zi z ~i
+i i+ +-i ti . - (H=
1
H -ii D=
2
H) -i n itn l-n + ~- =i -i-i ~i ~i + l=i +i ~i l-i+ <
+i ti ni `
rn - l+ D
2
-i-i ~i ~i n = iii t ~- :=+i l=i t - +n ti -i t -ii tn :=+i ~i l-i+ < 1.00 ni-+
tn HD-ii H
2
+i D
2
+ =ii -n-i + =+- t
HD +i D
2
, + =ii -n-i +- tn l--- i-- ti ni
nj folj.k dh
nj folj.k dh
2
D
HD
=
eku dk nzO;
eku dk nzO;
HD
D
2
=
amu 0 . 3
amu 0 . 4
= 1.15
H
2
+i D
2
+ =ii -n-i +-
nj folj.k dh
nj folj.k dh
2
2
D
H
=
eku dk nzO;
eku dk nzO;
2
2
H
D
=
amu 0 . 2
amu 0 . 4
= 1.41
:= -t l=i +i ~i l-i+ < +nzi H
2
(1.41) > HD(1.15) > D
2
(1.00) t
nui +i nfa fu&i-a
KTG+t sf+saiy :
1. n= + (+ zi ni ni +i +i n =i ~i +t- t . i ~i+ l- (n ~i+i (<ni-) n =ni- ti - t
2. ~i~i ,ii i i ni ~i--. n = + + n ~i-- +i - n-i n -n ti -i t (+ ~i<zi n = + ln(. ~i<zi
n= ~i +i ~i--
~
0 t
3. n =i ~i tn zii i<l-z+ nl- +- t -ii < = n =i ~i ~i + =ii -ii izi +i <ii + =ii +i- t
-ii izi +i <iii + =ii :- ~i ~i + = ia (++) ti - + +ii n = +i <i ti -i t
4. t =ia i-i +l- + ti - t
5. ~il+ ~i+i i n -n ti - t i-- n (+ ~i<zi n = + ln( ~i+i i ~ii l-+i i n zi - ti - t
6. n=i ~i +i nl- nl- + -- l-n nin ti - t
7. ~il+ nl- n +i ii -n ti -i t
8. n=i ~i + ln( ~i=- nl- -i (K.E.), n= + n -i + =ni- i-i ti-i t
2
1
M
) U (
2
o T (i ~i=- + ln( t )
n =i ~-ii + ln( nl- =ni+i (n = + <i + ln( +)
assf-i (Derivation) :
m = (+ ~i +i <ni-
u

= u
x i
+ u
y
j

+ u
z k

ABCD + ~-=i =ia +i ni-+

i
P

= mu
x i
i-i n
f
P

= mu
x i
~-- n
=ia + +ii =n n l--
= 2 u
x
m
=-t ABCD+ =ii <i +nin- = ia + i- lni ni =n
t =
x
u
2
"manishkumarphysics.in"
13
CHEMISTRY
=ia + ln( ~il- =
t
1
=
2
u
x
(+ =+ n =n n l-- = n = 2 m
2
u
x x

f =

2
x
u m
=ii ~i ~i + +ii n
=

m
} ux ........ u u {
2
N
2
x
2
x
2 1
+ + +
2
N
U +i ~i=- ni- =
2
N
U
=
N
U . .......... U Ux
2
x
2
x
2
1
N 2
+ +
F
x
=

M
} U N {
2
x
i = i<l-z+ nl- ti - + +ii =ii -i-i l<zii( =ni- t . ~-
2
x
U
=
2
y
U =
2
z
U
2
U
=
N
U ....... U U U
2
N
2
3
2
2
2
1
+ + + +
=
2
z
2
y
2
x
U U U + +
= 3
2
x
U
F
x
=

M
. N
3
1
2
U
<i =
2
x
F

=
3
1
3
N

2
U
izi +i ~i-- 'V' =
3
ti
PV =
3
1
mN
2
U
(n=i +i nl- =ni+i)
ti
2
U
ni n n t
nn ni nn = U
rms
=
2
U
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + +
N
U ...... U U U
2
N
2
3
2
2
2
1
nfa ut+i +i as4in + nut4 fa4i +i u-4isa
(+ l+--i + ~-=i ; PV =
3
1
mN
2
U
2
1
m
2
U
T = T
ti =ni-i- l--i+ t
PV =
3
2
|
.
|

\
|
2
U m
2
1
N
PV =
3
2
NT
inl-n N : l-- N: +n ~i ~i +i = i
T : l--
PV = l--
"manishkumarphysics.in"
14
CHEMISTRY
-i-= l-n N : l--
P : l--
V T
n=i ~i~i +i nl- -i (-ii-i--i nl- -i)
+i l+ln- +- + ln( tn ~i<zi n= =ni+i +in n n -i -ilt( (ii ln+ =ni+i)
PV = nRT
nl- =ni+i PV =
3
2
nRT =
3
2
(nN
A
) T
nN
A
= N N: +n ~i ~i +i = i
-n-i +- =
2
3

A
N
R
=
2
3
K ti K =
A
N
R
= i-ni- l--i+
~i +i ~i=- nl- -i =
2
1
m
2
U
= T
~i=- nl- -i =
2
3
K T (+n -i l-i +- t n= +i + l- -ti )
(+ nin + ln( ~i=- nl- -i = N
A
|
.
|

\
|
2
U m
2
1
=
2
3
K N
A
T =
2
3
RT
n n ni n nl-
U
nn ni n
=
2
U
=
m
kT 3
n= +i +l- l-i +-i t
=
A
N m
T R 3
m-(+ ~i +i
U
n n ni n
=
M
T R 3
M = nin <ni-
~i=- nl-
u
av
= u
1
+ u
2
+ u
3
+ ............ u
N
u
av
=
M
RT 8
t
=
m
KT 8
t
K i-ni- l--i+ t
=i li+ =-i n
U
MPS
=
M
RT 2
=
m
KT 2
~li+-n ~i ~i +i =i ,ii nl- +i -ii i-i t
"manishkumarphysics.in"
15
CHEMISTRY
a<iri-17 (+ ni -in-i in izi n + 10
22
gms <ni- + ln( 10
23
~i ti- t l< nn ni n nl-
10
5
cm/sec t. -i n= +i <i l+ln- +il(
PV =
3
1
MN
2
U
rn. P = ?
v = 10
3
m
3
m = 10
25
kg
N = 10
23
2
U
= 10
5
cm/sec = 10
3
m/sec
2
U
= 10
6
m
2
/sec
2
P 10
3
=
3
1
10
25
10
23
10
6
P =
3
1
10
2
10
6
10
3
P =
3
1
10
7
i-+n
if+ nfa4i +i un fai
Postulates/Assumptions of speed distributions
n += n + ~- =i n =i ~i ~i +i nl- 0 = -+ ll- - ti =+-i t
u
1
u
2
T
1
T > T
2 1
u
U
mps
U
mps
U
rms U
ar
fuf' pr xfr j [ kusoky ss
v . kqv ksad si zHkkt
r ki eku o`f) d sl kFk ; g o
l i kV gksusy xr k gSA
+ + ~-- n- + n -i zi+n l-- t-i t + + ~--n - -i zi+n. ~i ~i +i + n ii -i-i t l-+i nl- zi - =
~--- -+ ti -i t =ii -ini- :=+i ni- :+i: + n ~i-i t
zi - = u
1
+ i- + + ~--n - -i zi+n ~i ~i + ii < -i t . l-+i nl- 0 = u
1
-+ ti -i t
t ii T
1
~li+ t -ii T
2
+n t
-ini- lz ~i ~i + t ii. l-+i nl- ii (+ l-lz-- ni- = +n ti -i t . i- t
~i +i -i. ii ci- . l-+i nl- (+ l-lz-- nl- = ~li+ ti -i t . c ni
+ + ~-< +i -i zi+n ~i ~i + -= ii +i <zii -i t i l+ zi - = ~--- -+ n i- t
+ + ~-< +i + n -i zi l-- ti ni -ii =ii -i :+i: ti ni
zi - -ii u
1
+ n + + ~-< +i -i zi -- ~i ~i +i ii <zii -i t i l+ 0 = u
1
+ n n i- t t
ii T
1
~li+ -ii T
2
+n t
+ + ziii ~li+-n = i n = = li- t
--- -i := n +i i- in ~i ~i +i ii +n t - n-in+ = l-lz-- ni- n +ni ii ~i-i t
l< n -i lli-- nin <ni- i- ini n=i + ln( l--- ~ii l<i i-i t
"manishkumarphysics.in"
16
CHEMISTRY
iaf+ n u :
=ii -i <i ll-il-i n i--l+ n= ~i<zi n = l-n +i l-lz-- = in- -ti +-i t
i--l+ n = ~i<zi ti = l-n- <zii -i t +i l+
i--l+ n =i ~i~i +i =iln- ~i-- ti -i t
{l i--l+ n= <i+i l-lz-- ~i-- i-i t}
i--l+ n = ~i ~i + i- ~--i l+ ~i+i i zi - -ti ti -i t
{i--l+ n =i +i < n <ni i =+-i t l+ ~i<zi n = +i -ti }
=il-i n ii+ ,ii ~i<zi ti = i--l+ n= +i -- l-+ini i-i t
Z =
kZ vkn'
okLrfod
) PV (
) PV (
(PV)
~i<zi
=nRT
Z =
nRT
PV
=
RT
PV
m
V
M
(+ nin +i ~i-- ~ii nin ~i-- t
Z =
ideal m
m
V
V
fa4a ais s <i + uii Z + fny sfaa
fa+i
Z=1
v kn' kZxSl
He/H
2
N
2
NH /CO
3 2
P
y+ nu + fny ffi-a ais s <i + uii Z s4in :
"manishkumarphysics.in"
17
CHEMISTRY
fa+i :
~i<zi n = + ln( Z = 1
He/H
2
+ ln( =ii <i Z > 1
l--- <i Z < 1 (~- =ii n=i + ln()
--- <i Z > 1 (~- =ii n =i + ln()
iaf+ nui + fny i- iu ut+i
~i<zi n = =ni+i n ~il+ ~i-- -ii ~i+i i n + ii +i ~ni +- -ti l+i i-i t
l--- + ii +i n + i-i-= - ~i<zi n = =ni+i +i = zii li- l+i
(a) ~il+ ~i-- (b) ~il+ ~i+i i
~i-- =ziii- :
~i<zi n= =ni+i :
P
i
V
i
= nRT ; := =ni+i n V
i
t ~i-- t i ~i +i --zi nl- + ln( -ni t
V
~i<zi
= n =i ~i +i --zi nl- + ln( -ni ~i--
~- V
i
= V {--zi = -ni - ti- ini ~i--}
((+ ~i<zi n = + ln()
V
i
= V {V = izi +i ~i--}
nl+- i--l+ n = + ln(
V
i
= V , +i l+ -- zi nl- + ln( i ~i-- -ni -ti ti-i t
i utfa i4aa ia r
l- ~i ~=l-nln- ~i-- =
2
1
)
`

t
3
) r 2 (
3
4
= l- ~i =t ~i--
t ~i-- i -- zi nl- + ln( -ni -ti ti -i t . ~=l-nln- ~i-- (l-+ini ni ~i--) +tni-i t tn < i-i
t l+ l+= -t t ~=l-nln- ~i-- l+ln- (ni-i) l+i i-i t
l< n -<iti + ln(. =- i zii l+- -i zi ~=l-nln- t-i t . +i l+ < ni- + -< := -i zi n zi -ti + =+-i
t l< <i-i ~i ~i<zi ~i ti- -i . --+i ~=l-nln- ~i-- + ti- +i ~- i -ti ti-i nl+- i--l+ n = +i
ll-il-i n 2 +i <ni- +-< i<i ~in -ti l+i i =+-i t
~- i--l+ n = ~i + := n + ln(
l- ~i ~=l-nln- ~i-- =
2
1
)
`

t
3
) r 2 (
3
4
= 4
)
`

t
3
r
3
4
b n= +i l- nin ~=l-nln- ~i-- = N
A
4
)
`

t
3
r
3
4
r r
1
2
v l fEefy r v k; r u
Lor a=k xfr d sfy , t ksmi y C/k ughagS
n nin + ln( ~=l-nln- ~i-- = nb
v
i
= v nb ~i-- =ziii-
<i uziiria ii if+ i+ii n +i sii
i k=k d se/; esav. kq
:= ~i+i i + +ii =ia + <ii- nl- i i-i t
= n +n ti i-i t
nnii ni n +n ti i-i t
"manishkumarphysics.in"
18
CHEMISTRY
<i +n ti i-i t
P
~i<zi
= P + {=ziili- <}
= zii li- < o+i( n( ~i ~i +i ~i+li - +- in ~i ~i +i = i (n/V)
= zii li- < o~i ~i +i i- (n/V).
= ia +i = i ~i ~i +i i-
|
.
|

\
|
V
n
+n =ziili- <
|
.
|

\
|
V
n
|
.
|

\
|
V
n
=
2
2
V
an
a =ni-i- +i l--i + t -ii t ~i+i i + n l-i +-i t ~i+ii +i n l--i n ti ni ---i ti
a (l--) tini
P
i
= P +
2
2
V
an
i- i-= =ni+i l--- t
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
2
2
V
an
P
(V nb) = nRT
i-iu ut+i +i u-4isa
l+=i -i i-i-= =ni+i + ln( P+ =ii Z +i l- -
1 ni n + ln( i-i-= =ni+i
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
2
m
V
a
P
(V
m
b) = RT
+ <i s ( i+ -i )
+n <i V
m
--- ti-i t ~- V
m
+i - n-i n b +i -n l+i i =+-i t n l+-
2
m
V
a
+i <i l--- ti - +
+ii -n -ti ni-i i =+-i t
~- =ni+i l--- ti ni
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
2
m
V
a
P
V
m
= RT
PV
m
+
m
V
a
= RT

RT
PV
m
+
RT V
a
m
= 1
Z = 1
RT V
a
m
Z < 1
(+ ~i<zi n = +i - n-i n i--l+ n = ~i=i-i = =-il- ti -i t
"manishkumarphysics.in"
19
CHEMISTRY
a- <i s (n l<- -ini-)
V
m
+i ni- +n ti ini
:=ln( b +i V
m
+i -n-i n -n -ti ni-i i =+-i t
nl+- P + --- ni- +i -n-i n 2
m
V
a
-n ni-i i =+-i t
- i-i-= =ni+i l--- ti ni
P(V
m
b) = RT ; PV
m
Pb = RT ;
RT
PV
m
=
RT
Pb
+ 1 ; Z =
RT
Pb
+ 1 (Z > 1)
l< Z > 1 -i ~i<zi n= +i -n-i n i--l+ n = +i =-il- +-i +la- ti-i t
l--- <i -ii t- --- -i
V
m
t - ~li+ ti ni
~- 'b' +i -n ni-i i =+-i t -ii V
m
+i ni- t - ~li+ ti - + +ii 2
m
V
a
+i ii -n ni-i i =+-i t
PV
m
= RT (~i<zi n= ll-il-)
H
2
~ii He + ln( a ~0 +i l+ ~i ~i+i n zi t ~ii i-i-= n t - < n ti ni. t ~i i ti -
t :=ln( l+i n +i : lzi lzi ~-- l+i -ti ti -i t
P(V
m
b) = RT
:= +i Z = 1 +
RT
Pb
a +i+ --+ ~--il+ ~i+ii n l-i +-i t
~- i i ~i + ln( a +i+ > ~i i ~i + ln( a +i+
a<iri-18 l--- 'a' +i+ ~iti +n n t (H
2
O, CO
2
, Ar)
H
2
O > CO
2
> Ar
i i
rit4 i + fny
ai -i zi+n +i ~i+i l--i ~li+ ti ni -i ---i ti i-i-= n ii ~li+ ti ni :=ln( a l--i + ii
~li+ ti ni
a<iri-19 l--- n =i +i 'a' + ~- =i l-i- +il(
He, Ar, Ne, Kr.
a
Kr
> a
Ar
> a
Ne
> a
He
a +i+ ~li+ ~ii - --- +i-i +
<t+a <i
n= +i < n <n- + ln( := <i +i ~iz+-i t
~i=i-i = <i+i + ln( a| -ii P+
Z < 1, V
m
< V
m, ~i<zi
~i=i-i = < i+- ti-i t
Z > 1, V
m
> V
m, ~i<zi
~-ii+ - +la--i = = il- ti -i t
a<iri-20 < i+ - <i (LP) + ~- =i l--- +i +n tini
n---; ~i:=i-- , l-i--
a
n---
> a
~i:=i --
> a
l-i --
~i=i-i = <i+ - +- + ln(. < i+ - <i (LP) +i +n
Lp
n- --
< Lp
~i:=i --
< Lp
l-i --
b ~i + ~i+i + =ii = li- t
b = N
A
4
)
`

t
3
r
3
4
"manishkumarphysics.in"
20
CHEMISTRY
a<iri-21 <i i in n = b + =ni- -ii a + li-- ni- i-i t ~i<zi ll-il-i n +i-=i n = ~li+ ~i--
i-i t
rn l< <i i in n = b + =ni- -ii a + li-- ni- i-i t - n = i l+ a +i ~li+ ni- i-i t +n
~i-- i-i t ( =i :=ln( ti -i t +i l+ a + ~li+ ni- + =ii n = ~li+ ~i+i i n i ni -ii :=
+i :=+ ~i ~i + n < i +n ti ni
ii +t tt4n ut+i
t n =i ~-ii +i =ini- =ni+i t ~- =ii =ni+ii +i ~-ii +i iin =ni+i n lnii i =+-i t
Z +i P~ii
|
|
.
|

\
|
m
V
1
+ ii-i + ii l--i n +- l+i i-i t
Z = 1 +
m
V
B
+ 2
m
V
C
+ 3
m
V
D
+ .....................
B l,-i iin nii+ ; C --i iin nii+ ; D --i iin nii+
tt4n =s i- iu ut+i
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
2
m
V
a
P
(V
m
b) = RT
P =
) b V (
RT
m

2
m
V
a
Z =
RT
PV
m
=
) b V (
V
m
m

RT V
a
m
=
) V / b 1 (
1
m

RT V
a
m
x 1
1

= 1 + x + x
2
+ x
3
+ ..........
Z =
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + + + .........
V
b
V
b
V
b
1
3
m
3
2
m
2
m

RT V
a
m
= 1 +
m
V
1
|
.
|

\
|

RT
a
b
+
2
m
2
V
b
+
3
m
3
V
b
+ .................
i- i-= =ni+i +i iin =ni+i = -n-i +-
B = b
RT
a
, C = b
2
, D = b
3
l--- <i . V
m
~ -ii+- ~li+ tini
"manishkumarphysics.in"
21
CHEMISTRY
~- 2
m
V
1
, 3
m
V
1
................ +i -n ni-i i =+-i t
Z = 1 +
m
V
1
|
.
|

\
|

RT
a
b
l<
|
.
|

\
|

RT
a
b
= 0 -i T =
Rb
a
Z = 1
:=ln( T =
Rb
a
n = (+ ~i<zi n = +i -t ti + ni (~ii in l-n +i in- +-i t )
n l+- l-- -ini- ~i<zi n = =ni+i in l-n +i in- +-i t . :=ln( := -ini- (T =
Rb
a
) +i in
-ini- +t- t
T
B
=
Rb
a
Z = 1
RT V
a
m
(+ ti n = + ln( l< - +i -t tni i= <i ni+ t . -i tn T
2
< T
1
l-+i l-+in- t in -ini- b
+i+ ,ii a +i+ +i -il- l- +i i-i t. :=ln( Z = 1.
nu + +if-a+ fa4ai+
l-- -i <i c-i t -i ~i-- i-i t
AB n= BC i + < CD <
+if-a+ f-< := l-< < ~-ii + =ii ii l-+ n i. i + ii l-+ n i + i ti - t . :=ln( < i-=i
i-
T
C
~ii +i l-+ -i
t -ini- l=+ - (+ n= <i+- -ti +i i =+-i t
P
C
~ii +il--+ <i
+il--+ -i nnii ni t - --n <i i n= +i < n <n <-i t
V
C
~ii +il--+ ~i--
T
C
-ii P
C
n= + (+ nin ,ii i-- l+i ni ~i--
"manishkumarphysics.in"
22
CHEMISTRY
iiu ut+i u +ifa+ fii+
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
2
m
V
a
P
(V
m
b) = RT
( a PV
2
m
+ ) (V
m
b) = RT V
m
2
PV
m
3
+ aV
m
PbV
m
2
ab RTV
m
2
= 0
V
m
3
V
m
2
|
.
|

\
|
+
P
RT
b
+
P
a
V
m

P
ab
= 0
-i +- =ni+i +i ii- -i- ti - + +ii ti l+=i -i <i := =ni+i n ~i-- + -i- n n ~i(n +i l--+
l-< =ii nn =i-i ti- t -ii V = V
C
(+ ti nn < n
+i l-+ l-< i-i-= =ni+i l--- ti ni
V
m
3
V
m
2
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
C
C
P
RT
b
+
C
P
a
V
m

C
P
ab
= 0 ...(1)
n l+- +il-+ l-< =ni+i + -i-i nn i ti- -ilt(. ~- =ni+i l--- ti-i -ilt(
V
m
3
3V
m
2
V
C
+ 3V
m
V
C
2
V
C
3
= 0 ...(2)
=ni+i (1) = -n-i +-
b +
C
C
P
RT
= 3V
C
....(i)
C
P
a
= 3 V
C
2
...(ii)
C
P
ab
= V
C
3
...(iii)
P
C
= 2
C
V 3
a
V
C
+i ni- i- P
C
= 2
) b 3 ( 3
a
=
2
b 27
a
(i) ,ii
C
C
P
RT
= 3 V
C
b = 9b b = 8b
T
C
=
Rb 27
a 8
+i l-+ l-< PV + +i cin (=n-ii cin) zi- ti ni
C
T
m
V
P
|
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
= 0 ...(i)
~- =ii l-< ~i cin +iin+ ti ni
cin +i ~li+-n ni- zi - t
m
V c
c
C
T
m
V
P
|
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
= 0 ....(ii)
{nli-i = := +i + l-< +i -l-l-- +t- t (ti in <i ~+n- zi- ti- t )
T
C
, P
C
-ii V
C
n = <i +i -in +}
,ii
a +i ni-i +i i =+-i t n l+- V
C
-ii T
C
+ ,ii i-- 'a' ~i T
c
-ii P
C
+ ,ii i-- 'a' ~nn ti =+- t +i l+
t ii ln+ ni- t -ii V
C
+i l-+ n =ti ni-i -ti +i i =+-i t :=ln( tni i= V
c
, T
C
-ii P
C
l< ti
-i P
C
-ii T
C
+i -in + 'a' l-+ini i =+-i t. i i<i =ti t
"manishkumarphysics.in"
23
CHEMISTRY
ii +t uiata ut+i
=ni-i- -i n = + +il--+ -i + =<i n l+=i n = +i (+ ~-ii n -i l--- t
T
r
=
C
T
T
=ni-i- <i P
r
=
C
P
P
=ni-i- ~i-- V
r
=
C
m
V
V
i-i-= =ni+i
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
2
m
V
a
P
(V
m
b) = RT
ni- +i i-
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
2
C
2
r
C r
V V
a
P P
(V
r
V
C
b) = R T
r
T
C
P
C
T
C
-ii V
C
+i ni- i-
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
2 2
r
2
r
) b 3 ( V
a
b 27
a
P
(3b V
r
b) = RTr
Rb 27
a 8
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
r
r
V
1
3
P
(3 V
r
1) =
3
T R 8
r
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
2
r
r
V
3
P
(3V
r
1) = 8 T
r
~-ii +i =ni-i- =ni+i
-i +- =ni+i a, b -ii R l-i -ti +-i t . :=ln( + n = := =ni+i +i in- + ni i :=+i +l-
l-i -ti +-i t
a<iri-22 HCl + ln i - i n l--i + a =371.843 KPa.dm
6
.mol
2
-ii b = 40.8 cm
3
mol
1
t := <ii + ln
+il--+ l--i+ ai- +il(
rn. +il--+ <i , P
C
=
2
b 27
a
=
6 2
3
10 ) 8 . 40 ( 27
10 843 . 371

=
2
9
) 8 . 40 ( 27
10 843 . 371

= 8.273 x 10
6
Pa = 8.273 MPa
+il--+ -i , T
C
=
Rb 27
a 8
R = 8.314 KPa dm
3
K
1
mol
1
T
C
=
Rb 27
a 8
=
3
10 8 . 40 27 314 . 8
843 . 371 8

= 324.79 = 324.8 K
+il--+ ~i--, V
C
= 3b = 3 x 40.8 = 122.4 cm
3
a<iri-23 n = A, B -ii C+ ln i- in l--i+ l--- t
n = a/dm
6
KPa mol
2
b/dm
3
mol
1
A 405.3 0.027
B 1215.9 0.030
C 607.95 0.032
+i-=i n=
(i) ----n +il-+ -i i-i t
(ii) ~li+-n ~il+ < ni- i-i t
(iii) STP + ~i= i= ~li+-n ~i<zi ti <zii -i t
"manishkumarphysics.in"
24
CHEMISTRY
rn T
C
=
Rb 27
a 8
-l+ R l--i+ t. a/b +i --- ni- ti- +il-+ -i ii --- tini
V
C
= 3b -ii V
C
V
m
((+ l-lz-- n= + ln() := +i V
C
+i --- ni- ti- n= +i nin ~i-- ii ---
tini
l< +il-+ -i 273 K + -<i+ t - STP + ~i= i= n= ~i<zi ti <zii ni
:- liini +i <i n: =iii ,ii l-lz-- +- t
n = a/dm
6
KPa mol
2
b/dm
3
mol
1
T
C
V
C
a/b
A 405.3 0.027 534.97 K 0.081 1.501 x 10
4
B 1215.9 0.030 1444.42 K 0.09 4.053 x 10
4
C 607.95 0.032 677.07 K 0.096 1.89 x 10
4
(i) B n= ----n +il-+ -i i-i t
(ii) C n = ~li+-n ~il+ < ni- i-i t
(iii) A n = STP+ ~i= i= ~li+-n ~i<zi ti <zii -i t
< +i is<i {n +i is <i)
i<i l--- l-i +-i t
(a) -i (T | V.P. | )
(b) < +i + l-
i <i. < +i nizii -ii < + ai -i zi+n l-i -ti +-i t
< +i i<i. izi n -l-i- l+=i n = + <i l-i -ti +-i t
P
+n
= P
n=
+ P
n i
a<iri-24 1 ni =in + izi n =i- i -ii + z < + n <i 200 mm Hg -l-i- t t izi < = (+
ni + l-i l-- izi + =ii i i i-i t izi + ~-< + n <i ai- +il( =i- - -iil- l+i
i-i t (:= -i i <i 96 mm Hg t)
rn. +n <i = 200 mm Hg +i = P
n=
+ P
in
P
n=
+ 96 = 200
P
n=
= 104 mm + Hg i-i n
l,-i ~ii (container) +i i i i-i t
P
1
= 104 mm + Hg P
2
= ?
V
1
= 1 V
2
= 2 ni
P
1
V
1
= P
2
V
2
104 1 = P
2
2
52 = P
2
=i- -iil- ti - + z-i-
P
+n
= P
n=
+ P
n
= 52 + 96 = 148 mm Hg (=i- )
"manishkumarphysics.in"
25
CHEMISTRY
nu i4aaffa
n =i lni +i lzn ii n = ~i--lnl- +tni-i t n =i +i t-i- llzi ~li+n +i + ,ii n =i +i ~zii li- ++
+i i-i t
+ uii-4 +i+
(1) < -ii ln-. n=i +i ~zii li- + =+- t
(2) l< (+ ti:i+i- +i nii i-i t. -i n+- t: n= CO
2
-ii H
2
Otini [ni KOH ,ii CO
2
+i
~zii li- l+i i-i t -ii H
2
O+i a i ++ i+ l+i i-i t ]
(3) l< +i l-+ i ln+ S~ii P +- ti . -i +i l-+ i ln+ +i ni+ :-+i SO
2
-ii P
4
O
10
n ll- - l+i
i-i t
(4) l< -i:i- -l-i- ti. -i := N
2
n ll-- l+i i-i t
[+ n ~i< l< +i l-+ i ln+ NO
2
=n t +- ti -i NO
2
n +- ti -i t ]
(5) l< lni. N
2
n = +- ti -ii := O
2
n = + =ii l-+i l- l+i i(. -i -+ l-ii l- -ti l+i i(
- -+ l+=i ~i+=i: +i --i -ti ni-i i-i t
(6) ~ii -. -i:- ~in n -ii ~i+=i-. -iii ii n nin n ~zii li- ti -i t
a<iri-25 +i - i:~i +=i: (CO
2
) +i 1 ni nil- nizii +i nn +i + (C) = ilt- l+i i-i t . -i n = +i + n
~i-- 1.6 ni ti i-i t CO
2
+i +i- ni-i~i+=i: n %l-- ai- +il(
rn CO
2
+ C

2CO CO
2
CO
1 0 t =n 1 x 2x
ili+ ~i-- = 1 litre
~l--n ~i-- = 1.6 litre ~l--n ~i-- = (1 + x) ni
1 + x = 1.6
x = 0.6
x = 0.6
1
6 . 0
10 = CO
2
+i 60%, CO n <n i-i t
a<iri-26 ~i +=i- + ~ili+ + =ii ti: i +i - + 100ml +i lnl- l+i i-i t -ii l-+i l- l+i i-i t lni
+i a i +- 250 ml +i = + -- ti i-i t zi i -i n = +i ni KOH+ ln- n = ilt- l+i
i-i t . -i ~in 300 ml +i l+ = + -- <zii-i t ti: i +i - +i ~il+ = zi ai- +il(
rn C
x
H
y
+
|
.
|

\
|
+
4
Y
x
O
2

x CO
2
+ O H
2
y
2
100 ml x 100
2
y
100.
lni CO
2
, H
2
O-ii ~ili+ O
2
+- ti -i t
ai +- . H
2
O i+ ti i-i t . ~- H
2
O+i ~i-- = 250 ml
2
y
100 = 250
y = 5.
KOH, CO
2
+i ~zii li- +-i t ~- CO
2
+i 300 ml = + -- i ~zii li- ti i-i t
CO
2
+i ~i-- = 100 x = 300
x = 3
n ni- i-i = zi = C
3
H
5
~i = zi = C
6
H
10
aia : l< n +i tn = i-- ti - +i ti -i ~lil+i lni n + n = + -- = {~li+i+ +i ~i--}{-i< +i ~i--
+ H
2
O + ~i-- +i zi + ~ +- ~li+i+ +i ~i--}
"manishkumarphysics.in"
26
CHEMISTRY
a<iri-27 ~i +=i- + ~lii+ n ti: i +i - + 100 ml +i nii i-i t . -i n = il-- ti + it ~i i-i t -ii
~lil+i lni n + n = + -- 250 ml ii ni ~lil+i lni +i ni KOHn l-+i l- l+i ni
-i 300 ml +i ~i = + -- l-i- t ~i. -i ti: i +i - +i ~i = zi ai- +il(
rn C
x
H
y
+ O
2

CO
2
+ H
2
O
100 ml ~ili+ 300 ml
+i- nii 'POAC' ,ii
x 100 = 300
x = 3
H-nii 'POAC' ,ii
y 100 = 2 V
H
2
O
O nii 'POAC' ,ii
2 V = 2 300 + 1 H
2
O (V = +- O
2
+i ~i--)
2 V = 600 + 50 y
V =
2
y 50 600 +
( +- l+( n O
2
+i ~i--)
~i-- =+-- +n 250 ml t
~- 100 + V 300 = 250
200 + V = 250
V = 450 ml
2 450 600 = 50 y
50
300
= y = 6
ti:i+i- C
3
H
6
tini
+fs+
=-ln- i=il-+ =ni+i +i -in +
C
x
H
y
+
|
.
|

\
| +
4
y x
O
2

xCO
2
+
2
y
H
2
O
t = 0 100 ml V 0 0
t 0 V 100
|
.
|

\
|
+
4
y
x
100 x ml
2
y 100
-i t ~i ~i-- l-+in- + ln(
V100
|
.
|

\
|
+
4
y
x
+ 100x + 50y
100 V = 250
25y + 50y = 150
25y = 150
y = 6
"manishkumarphysics.in"
27
CHEMISTRY
uiizi
n =. nii ~i ~i ~i ~i +i ( =i =n t t i l+=i ~i-- n -- zi = nl- +- t -ii t ~i-- ~li+- l+-
-ii- ti -i t i< lz-+ = nl- + t +i izi +i <ii = +i+ :+i: -i zi n n nni- t . l= tn <i +t-
t <i +i SI :+i: i-+n t . n l+- i nni <i ~i Hg + mm + n ~li+- -i n lni i-i t n =
+i ii l-+ ~-ii 4 <i ,ii liili- +i i-i t <i (P), -i (T), ~i-- (V) -ii ni n nizii (n) :- <i + n
l-lz-- =--i n=i l-n +tni- t
in +i l-n : n= +i ~i-- :=+ <i + +ni-i-i ti-i t V 1/Pi
PV = k (l-- n -ii T )
-i-= +i l-n : n= +i ~i-- :=+ -i (+l--) + =ni-i-i ti-i t
V T i V/T = k (l-- n -ii P )
~iini<i l-n : n = +i ~i-- :=+i ni n nizii + =ni- i-i ti-i t V n i
V/n = k l-- (l-- T -ii P )
:- -i-i n= l-ni +i lnni+ ~i<zi n= =ni+i PV = nRT -i: i-i t l< -i n -i- < ai- ti -i -iii
- (variable) ai- + =+- t =ni+i n l--i + Rn = l--i + t i =ii n =i + ln =ni- t ni-+ -i ~i
<i (STP ; 1 atm ~i 0C) (+ ~i<zi n= +i nin ~i-- 22.414 L ti-i t
n= l-n n=i + lni ~i zi z n = <i -i nni i =+- t i-- + ~i lzi+ <i + l-n + ~- =i n = +
lni ,ii izi nnii ni + n <i. + n = + +ii ,ii nni n l+-n- <i + i n + i ti -i t
n =i + ti +i (+ ni n. l= ~i nl-+ l=zi-- +t- t . +i -i n + =nni- t i - ~- i ni +i =n t t
1. n = n ~-- = -n +i ti - t . i ~l-ln- nl- +- t
2. n = + +n ~i-- +i -n-i n n = + (+ +i +i ~i-- -n t
3. :- +ii + n - -i ~i+ii. - ti +i: l-+i i +i n ti -i t
4. n = + +ii n i-i ++ ti -i t
5. n= + +ii +i ~i=- nl- -i -=+ n-i + =ni-i-i ti-i t
~i nl- l=zi-- ,ii -i ~i nl- -i + n =--i i-- ti -i t l== n = + l+=i +i +i l+=i -i ~i =-
nl- +i ni-i +-i = i t :=i +n n - +- =li- nt i n itn l-n t l=+ ~-=i n= +i (+ ln-ni
+ (+ = -n lz< = -- ilt- ti - +i < ~ii l--i +i < n = + < ni- + n n n + +ni- i-i ti -i t
lzi i- --- <i i--l+ n = ~i<zi ti = li-- ti <zii -i t . i l+ ~i<zi n = l-n ,ii ~- nil-- l+i
i-i t . ti n = + +i ~i+i i n ,ii =ni+- t -ii :-+ n ~--i l+ n iii ti -i t
"manishkumarphysics.in"
28
CHEMISTRY
"manishkumarphysics.in"
29
CHEMISTRY
MISCELLANEOUSSOLVEDPROBLEMS(MSPs)
1. nin +i =-t 1 nn +i i= 4 mm t -ii -n 1 mm t l< inni <i 1 atm t. nin +i -ii
i-ii +i -i =ni- t -i nin +i nti: -i: `
(n -ii n+ i +i i- +nzi 1 g/ml -ii13.6 g/ml t a --i + +ii nn- in <i +i -n ni-i i-i t )
Sol. P
1
V
1
= P
2
V
2
(760 mm 13.6 g)
3
4
t (4 mm/2)
3
= (760 mm 13.6 g + h 1 g)
3
4
t (1 mm/2)
3
760 13.6 64 = (760 13.6 + h)
h = 64 760 13.6 760 13.6
h = 63 760 13.6 mm
h =
1000 1000
6 . 13 760 63

km = 0.6511 km = 651.1 m Ans.
2. (+ n = i-i n 1 atm t := n = +i il-i+ ~i-- + 1/4 ~i-- -+ =-il- +- + ln ~iz+ <i +i
ti ni ?
Sol. P
1
= 1 atm V
1
= V
P
2
= ? V
2
=
4
V
P
1
V
1
= P
1
V
2
at const. T & n
P
2
=
2
1 1
V
V P
=
4
V
V atm 1
= 4 atm Ans.
3. (+ n = +inn +i + -< l= -ii n-i: (h) + n+i +inn + i- ii i-i t :=+ -i i n l=
+i - i+ -ni +i ii i-i t . -i n = +i nn +i n-i: (
1
) t -ii n = +i nn +i n-i: (
2
) ti ni -ni +i
ini l=i -i- +i ~i ii i-i t Hg +inn +i --i: + <i n ini <i ai- +il(
Hg
h
P
0
fLFkfr I
P
1

1
Hg h
P
0
fLFkfr II
P
2
2
fifa I fifa II
Sol. n= + ln( P
1
= (P
O
+ h) P
2
= (P
O
h)
V
1
= tr
2

1
V
2
= tr
2

2
at const T. and moles.
P
1
V
1
= P
2
V
2
; (P
O
+ h) tr
2

1
= (P
O
h) tr
2

2
P
O

2
+ h
1
= P
O

2
h
2
P
O

2
P
o

1
= h, + h
2
P
0
=
) (
) ( h
1 2
2 1

+
cm of Hg column Ans.
4. l< n +i n+ i + -ii- +in n n - t . -i =ini- i nni <i +i ni- + ln( ini -ln+i +i - --n
n-i: +i ti -i -ilt( `
Sol.
g
H
P
=
O H
2
P = P
atm
.
0.76 m 13.6 g =
O H
2
h 1 g
O H
2
h = 0.76 13.6 = 10.336 m Ans.
"manishkumarphysics.in"
30
CHEMISTRY
5. Hg + 75cm<i 50 cmn-i: +i (+ -ln+i i-i n i n i nn n ii t ~ := -ni +i Hg izi n :=+i
n-i: +i ~iii n-i: -+ i i i-i t -ni + ~-< n+ i +inn +i -- ai- +il(
Sol. -ni +i i-
ni-i. i +inn +i n-i: x cm, ( =i l+ l-zi n l<iii ni t )
P
i
V
i
= P
f
V
f
in ++
75 cm Hg A = P
f
x A ....... (1) ( = 50 cm)
P
f
= 75 cm Hg + (x
2

) ....... (2)
(2) & (1) [75 + (x 25)] x = 75 50
x
2
+ 50 x 3750 = 0
x = 41.14 i 91.14
n l+-. x cm +i ni- +iini+ -ti ti =+-i ~- x = 41.14
-ni + ~-< n+i +inn = (50 41.14) cm = 8.86 cmAns.
6. -ini- 27C~ii 300 K ~i-- V+i (+ i ni izi. i +- t izi +i l+= -i := +i nn l+i i(
l+ l== l-+ni n = +i nizii
(a) izi n i-i n -l-i- n = +i nizii +i 2/3 iin ti
(b) izi n . ~-- n -i n: n = +i nizii +i 2/3 iin ti
Sol. (a) ti, P -ii V l-- t +i n i T <n ti t
ni-i i-i n n = +i n nizii 27C -i -l-i- t ~-- n -l-i- n = = n
3
2
n =
|
.
|

\
|
n
3
1
-ii ~l--n -i
T. t ~- n
1
T
1
=n
2
T
2
n 300 =
3
n
T
2
= T
2
= 900K
~l--n -ini- = 900K
(b) ni-i x nizii n= +i izi n t i-i t -ii
3
2
x =
3
2
it l-+n i-i t
(x +
3
2
x) = n =
3
x 5
= n x =
5
n 3
Using n
1
T
1
= n
2
T
2
n 300 K =
5
n 3
T
2
T
2
= 500K
~- ~l--n -ini- = 500K
7. 25C -i -ii 730 mm He = i 100 L ~i-- + n i +i ii -ai- +i -in-i ai- +i
(i +i i- = 1.25 g /L).
Sol. PV = nRT
PV =
M
W
RT W =
RT
PVM
=
760
730

298 082 . 0
4 100

g
i.e. He +i <ni- = 15.72 g
ti t ~i i +i ii = 100 125 g/L = 125 g
ni +i ii -ai- +i -in-i = 125 g 15.72 g = 109.28 g Ans.
8. (+ ni=ni n ii ti:i - = 1 atm -ii 300 K ii i-i t l=+i ~i-- 12000 litres t . :=+i -i- t
-= -ii- t--i t ti -i 250 K -ii <i 0.5 atm t ni +i ~i-- t
(A) 24000 litres (B) 20000 litres (C) 10000 litres (D) 12000 litres
Sol. Using
1
1 1
T
V P
=
2
2 2
T
V P
K 300
L 12000 atm 1
=
K 250
V atm 0.5
2

V
2
= 20,000 L
Hence Ans. (B)
"manishkumarphysics.in"
31
CHEMISTRY
9. (+ ni + -i i+ +ni-+ +i +nzi O
2
, F
2
, CH
4
-ii CO
2
+i =ni- l-il-i n ii i-i t :- n =i n ~i ~i
+i =i +i ~-i- t
(A) 2 : 2 : 4 : 3 (B) 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 (C) 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 (D) 2 : 2 : 3 : 4
Sol. ~iini<i l+--i + ~- =i
=ii +ni-+ n ~i ~i +i = i =ni- t
~i +i ~-i- O
2
, F
2
, CH
4
&CO
2
= 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 Ans (B)
10. ni n= + -n- +i =i- 50%H
2
, 45%CO-ii 5%CO
2
~i-- = ti-i t STP ni n= +i ~i--
ai- +i l=+i l+ ii + ~ili+ = --il- +- 5 ni H
2
-il<- ti -i t ~lil+i + ln( =ni+i l---
t
CO + H
2
O

CO
2
+ H
2
Sol. ~n x L CO -ilt
-i n n= n H
2
+i ~i-- =
L % 50
45 . 0
x
|
.
|

\
|

=
L
9 . 0
x
L
2
1
45 . 0
x
= |
.
|

\
|

-- =ni+i = CO + H
2
O CO
2
+ H
2
n - =i+ (Gay Lussac) l-n = H
2
+i -- ini
~i-- = CO +i lni ni ~i--
~lil+i n lni ni H
2
+i ~i-- = x L
H
2
+i +n ~i-- =
|
.
|

\
|
+ x
9 . 0
x
L = 5 L

9 . 0
x 9 . 1
= 5 L
x =
9 . 1
5 9 . 0
n n= +i ~i-- =
L
45 . 0 9 . 1
5 9 . 0
L
45 . 0
x

=
= 5.263 L Ans.
11. (+ +i + i +i ~i-- 10 ni t . 3 atm <i -ii -i 17C i + =ii i + n-i t +i -ni- =n
l< i +i -i 47C ti i-i t -
(a) := -i <i +i ti ni ?
(b) 47C -i -ii 1 atm <i l+-- ni. i 3 atm -ii 47C i - -iil- ti-i t?
Ans. (a) 3.3103 atm (b) 3.1029 L
(1) V = 10L P, = 3 atm T, = 17
o
C = 290K
T
2
= 47
o
C = 320K
(a) ti v -ii n l-- t
Using
1
1
T
P
=
2
2
T
P
P
2
=
1
2 1
T
T P
=
290
320 3
atm
i.e. P
2
= 3.3103 atm
47
o
C <i = 3.3103 atm
(b) ~ P
1
= 3 atm ; V
1
= 10L ; T
1
= 17
o
C = 290K
~l--n P
2
= 3atm ; V
2
= ? ; T
2
= 47
o
C = 320 K
1
1
T
V
=
2
2
T
V
V
2
=
1
2 2
T
T V
=
K 290
K 320 L 10
= 11.035L
47
o
C -ii 3atm n= +i t ~i-- i ti lni ni = (11.035 10) L = 1.035L
1atm t ~i-- v
1
t. -
1.0351 3atm = v
1
1atm
v
1
= 3.105L
~i-- i -ilt( = 3.105L
"manishkumarphysics.in"
32
CHEMISTRY
12. ti: i - + 2 gm -ii =-+i: ~i+=i: + 32 gm +- +ni-+ n ti:i- +i ~ilzi+ <i t
(A) + n <i +i 1/16th iin (B) + n <i +i 1/9th iin
(C) +n <i 2/3 iin (D) + n <i +i 1/8th iin
Ans. (C)
Sol.
2
H
n =
mol / g 2
g 2
= 1mol.
2
SO
n =
mol / g 64
g 32
= 0.5 mol

2
H
P
( )
2 2
2
SO H
H
n n
n
+
P
T
=
) 5 . 0 1 (
1
+
P
T
=
3
2
P
T
.
(C)
13. <i n =i +i =ni- ~i--. i l+ i+ izi n (+ =ii ~lil+i -ti +-i. --+ <i +nzi 10 mm -ii 400 mm
t . l< <i izii +i (+ =ii i l<i i( - liini lni +i <i +i ti ni (-i +i l-- ni-- t ()
(A) 120 mm (B) 500 mm (C) 1000 mm (D) 205 mm
Ans. (D)
Sol. ni-i l+. izi +i ~i-- V -ii -ini- T t
P
1
= 10mm P
2
= 400mm
n
1
=
RT
V P
1
& n
2
=
RT
V P
2
n
1
+ n
2
=
RT
P P
2 1
+
<i-i izi lnni- ~l--n ~i-- = (V+V) = 2V(n= + ln()
P
final
=
( )
final
2 1
V
RT n n +
=
( )
RT
P P
2 1
+

V 2
RT
=
( )
2
P P
2 1
+
=
( )
2
mm 400 10 +
= 205mm.
14. (+ lz< = 1 sec n H
2
n = +i 5 ml l=l- l+i i-i t -= O
2
+i ~i-- ai- +il( i 2 sec n =ni- ll-il-i
+ ~--n- =ni- lz< = l=l- l+i i-i ti
Ans. v = 2.5 ml.
Sol. H
2
+ l=i +i < =
1
ml 5
= 5 ml/sec =
2
H
r (say)

2
o
r =
2
H
r
4
1
= 5ml/s
4
1
2 =+ n O
2
+i l=l- ~i--
=
4
5
2 ml = 2.5 ml.
15. (+ izi n -l-il- H
2
-ii O
2
+i nin ~- i- 8 : 1 t ~i n = + := lni +i lz< n = l=l- l+i i-i t .
lz< n = it l-+in n lni +i =na- ai- +il(
Sol. Here,
2
H
n :
2
O
n = 8 : 1 &
2
2
O
H
r
r
=
2
2
O
H
n
n
2
2
H
O
M
M

2
2
O
H
r
r
=
1
8

2
32
=
1
32

k dh la[; eksyks okys fudyus ds

k dh la[; eksyks okys fudyus ds
2
2
O
H
=
1
32
H
2
: O
2
+i l-+n- ini =na- = 32 : 1
"manishkumarphysics.in"
33
CHEMISTRY
16. ~i i-i+ - ~i+=i- + i<zi + l=i +i < ~i+=i- +i - n-i n 0.98 n-i t . - ~i i-i+ - i<zi n ~ii -
+i %~i-- ai- l+l(
Sol. ni-i ~i i-i: O
2
+ l=i +i < r
g
ni-i. ~i+=i- + l=i +i <
2
O
r

2
O
g
r
r
= 0.98 (given) ........... (1)
but
2
O
g
r
r
=
g
O
M
M
2
(~ii-i: ~i+=i- +i ni nin < ni-)
Form (1) 0.98 =
g
M
32
(0.98)
2
=
g
M
32
M
g
=
( )
2
98 . 0
32
= 33.32
ni-i O
3
+i % = x % O
2
= (100 x) ~ii-i: ~i+=i-

( )
100
32 x 100 x 48 +
= 33.32
3200 + 16x = 33.32 x =
16
132
= 8.25 %
i.e. % of O
3
= 8.25 %
17. (i) n = + 10
23
~i ~i ,ii nni n <i +i ni-i + , l< + +i 10
22
g -ii izi +i ~i-- 1 ni t rms
n 10
5
cm/sec t
(ii) :- +ii +i + n nl- -i (+ nii) n +i t ?
(iii) -i +i ti -i -ilt( ?
Ans. (i) 3.33 x 10
7
dyne/cm
2
, (ii) 1195.02 Cal (iii) 2405 K
Sol. (i) ti N = 10
23
~i m = 10
22
g , V = 1L = 1000 cm
3
rms n = 10
5
cm/second
PV =
3
1
Nm
2
U
P =
3
1
Nm
2
U
=
3
cm 1000 3
1

10
23
10
22
g (10
5
)
2
cm
2
/s
2
= 3.33 10
7
dyne/cm
2
(ii) ~i +i +n nl- -i
=
2
1
Nm
2
U
=
2
1
10
23
10
25
kg (10
3
m/s)
2
=
2
J 10000
= 5000 J ~ 1195.0 Cal
(iii) (+ ~i +i ~i=- nl- -i =
2
1
m
2
U
=
2
3
KT
T =
3
1

K
U m
2
=
3
1

( )
314 . 8
10 023 . 6 s / m 10 Kg 10
23
2
3 25

K
|
.
|

\
|
=
NA
R
K
= 2414.8
"manishkumarphysics.in"
34
CHEMISTRY
18. -i T
A
-ii T
B
<i n =i + ln( ~il+ ii M
A
-ii M
B
t T
A
M
B
=T
B
M
A
, +i -=i n iin <i -i n =i + ln( =ni- lnii
i-i t
(A) i- (B) <i (C) nl- -i 1 nin (D) RMS nl-
Sol. l<i t T
A
M
B
= T
B
M
A

A
A
M
T
=
B
B
M
T
-- r.m.s. =
M
RT 3
r.m.s
A
=
A
A
M
RT 3
& r.m.s
B
=
B
B
M
RT 3
r.m.s
A
= r.m.s
B
Ans. (D)
19. t ni-i ni t l+ i + l-ni i + =n H
2
n = -ni ii -- i +i ~li+ -ni + +ii it -ni n:
i + l-ni i + =n :=+i -i +i ii
(it l-+n- +i n 1.1 x 10
6
cm/s)
Sol. H
2
+ it l-+n- +i n -=+ ~i =- n + =ni- t
H
2
+i ~i=- n = 1.1 10
6
cm/s = 1.1 10
4
m/s
-- ~i=- n =
M
RT 8
t
1.1 10
4
=
3
10 2
T 314 . 8 8
t

( ) kg 10 2 g 2 M
3
H
2
= =
T =
( )
314 . 8 8
10 2 10 1 . 1
3
2
4

t
K = 11430.5 K
= 11157.5
o
CAns.
20. (+ n = + ln +i l-+ ~-ii n = + (+ ni n + ln =-i-i n ii + t
(A)
8
3
(B)
3
8
(C) 1 (D)
4
1
Sol. n = + (+ ni n + ln Z =
C
C C
RT
V P
(+il--+ ll-ii n )
But, P
C
=
2
b 27
a
, V
C
= 3b , T
C
=
Rb 27
a 8
Z =
|
.
|

\
|
2
b 27
a

R
b 3

a 8
Rb 27
=
8
3
Ans. (A)
21. ~i +=i- n = +i 1 ni (+ ~i i l-zi n = ilt- l+i i-i t -ii lni +i ~l--n ~i-- 820 ml ti i-i t
l< := lni +i -i:- + ~in n = ilt- l+i i( ti -i zi i -i n= +i ~l--n ~i-- ai- +il(
Sol. ~i i -i: n ti - ini ~li l+i 3O
2
2O
3
.
~n 1000 ml n O
2
+ V
ml
~ii-i: ti i. -i O
3
+i ~i-- =
3
2
V
~ii-i: ~i+=i- +i ~l--n ~i--
= (1000 V +
3
2
V) mL = 820 mL
1000
3
1
V = 820
3
V
= 180 V = 540
-i t~i O
2
= (1000 540) mL ( -i:n + -n n O
3
~ziili-ti i-i t)
= 460 mL Ans.
"manishkumarphysics.in"
35
CHEMISTRY
22. (+ n=i lni l=n n= CO, ni- CH
4
-ii N
2
-l-i- t +i ~i-- 40 ml t. := lni +i ~i+=i- +
~ili+ + =ii l-+i l- l+i i-i t a i +- := lni n 30 ml +i = + -- l-i- ti -i t -ii := lni
+i ni KOH n l-+i l- l+i i-i t -i 30 ml +i l+ =+-- ti-i t lni +i =na- ai- +il(
Sol. ni-i. CO +i ~i-- = x ml
CH
4
+i ~i-- = y mL
N
2
+i ~i-- = z mL
~i +=i- + ~ili+ + =ii ~lil+i ti -
n-=i+ (Gay Lussac) +i ~i-- =i- l-n + ~-=i
CO(g) +
2
1
O
2
(g) CO
2
(g)
x mL x mL
CH
4
(g) + O
2
(g) CO
2
(g) +2H
2
O(g)
y mL y mL 2 ymL
N
2
~lil+i n iin -ti n -i t
H
2
O(g) +i <i+- +- ~i-- n 30 mL i i-i t
2y = 30 y = 15
CO
2
+i ~i-- i-- tini = (x + y) mL
t KOH n ~zii li- ti i-i t -ii ~i-- n +ni 30 mL l-i- +i ni
x + y = 30 x = 30 y = (30 15) = 15
x + y + z = 40 z = 40 x y = 40 15 15 = 10
lni +i =na- t
CO +i ~i-- = 15 mL
CH
4
+i ~i-- = 15 mL
N
2
+i ~i-- = 10 mL