BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5

CHAPTER 2: LOCOMOTION AND SUPPORT

List of PEKA experiment:
1. Observing and studying a model of the human skeleton
2. Observing a chicken wing to note the position and nature of muscles, ligaments and
tendons
3. Observing the mechanism of locomotion in an earthworm, a grasshopper and a fish
4. Ways to care our musculoskeletal system
5. Studying how to support is achieved in floating aquatic plants
6. Studying how support is achieved in a herbaceous plant
7. Studying cross sections of old stems to identify tissues that help in support

Number Activity 2.1 (Observation)
Pg. 31
Title Observing and studying a model of the human skeleton
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To observe and study a model of the human skeleton
Material
Model of a human skeleton
Computer software
Chart


Number Activity 2.2 (Observation)
Pg. 33
Title
Observing a chicken wing to note the position and nature of
muscles, ligaments and tendons
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To observe a chicken wing to note the position and nature of muscles,
ligaments and tendons.
Material Chicken win, paper towel, alcohol and latex gloves
Apparatus Dissection tools


Number Activity 2.3 (Observation)
Pg. 38
Title
Observing the mechanism of locomotion in an earthworm, a
grasshopper and a fish
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To observe the mechanism of locomotion in an earthworm, a
grasshopper and a fish
Material
Paper towel
Earthworms in a plastic container
BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5
A grasshopper in a plastic container
A fish in an aquarium
Apparatus
Hand lens
Dissection tray
Technique used Observe and study the mechanism of locomotion in an animal


Number Activity 2.4 (Observation)
Pg. 40
Title Ways to care our musculoskeletal system
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To practise ways to care for the musculoskeletal system
Material
Printed materials
Newspapers
Magazines
The Internet


Number Activity 2.5 (Observation)
Pg. 44
Title Studying how to support is achieved in floating aquatic plants
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To study how to support is achieved in floating aquatic plants
Material Water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes)
Apparatus
Beaker (1000 ml)
Sharp knife
Cutting board
Hand lens
Technique used Observe and study the adaptations for support in a floating aquatic plant.


Number Activity 2.6 (Observation)
Pg. 45
Title Studying how support is achieved in a herbaceous plant
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To study how support is achieved in a herbaceous plant
Material Balsam plants
BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5
Apparatus
Microscope
Microscope slide
Cover slip
Sharp knife
Cutting board
Technique used Study and observe the support in terrestrial plants.


Number Activity 2.7 (Observation)
Pg. 46
Title
Studying cross sections of old stems to identify tissues that help in
support
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To study cross sections of old stems to identify tissues that help in
support
Material Prepared slides / photomicrographs of old stems (Tilia sp.)
Apparatus Micoscope




























BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5
CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE

List of PEKA experiments:
1. Viewing computer simulations on the pathways involved in detecting and responding
to external and internal stimuli in humans and animals.
2. Studying models and graphics of the human nervous system and brain.
3. Visiting homes for the aged or homes for patients with Alzheimers or Parkinsons
disease.
4. Studying sections of a mammalian kidney.
5. Studying the effect of different quantities of water intake on urine output.
6. Designing a simple experiment to test urine for the presence of glucose.
7. Planning and conducting a programme against drug and alcohol abuse.
8. Learning about the process of fruit ripening.
9. Studying human responses to external and internal environment.
10. Studying animal responses to their external environment.
11. Studying plant responses to the external environment.
12. Studying the effect of different types of drinks on urine output.

Number Activity 3.1 (Simulation)
Pg. 48
Title Viewing computer simulations on the pathways involved in
detecting and responding to external and internal stimuli in humans
and animals.
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To view computer simulations on the pathways involved in detecting and
responding to external and internal stimuli in humans and animals.
Material CD-ROMs
Apparatus -


Number Activity 3.2 (Observation)
Pg. 49
Title
Studying models and graphics of the human nervous system and
brain
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To study models and graphics of the human nervous system and brain
Material Models and graphics of the human nervous system and brain
Apparatus -




BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5
Number Activity 3.3 (Educational Trip)
Pg. 52
Title
Visiting homes for the aged or homes for patients with Alzheimers
or Parkinsons disease
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To visit homes for the aged or homes for patients with Alzheimers or
Parkinsons disease


Number Activity 3.4 (Observation)
Pg. 52
Title Studying sections of a mammalian kidney
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To study sections of a mammalian kidney
Material
Sections of a mammalian kidney
Colour pencils
Apparatus Microscope


Number Activity 3.5 (Experiment)
Pg. 54
Title
Studying the effect of different quantities of water intake on urine
output
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To study the effect of different quantities of water intake on urine output
Variables
Manipulated variable: Volume of water drunk
Responding variable: Volume of urine collected
Fixed variable: Type of drink, time intervals after which urine is
collected
Material Distilled water
Apparatus
Drinking cups
Containers for collecting urine
Measuring cylinders
Stopwatch
Technique used
Measure and record the total volume of urine collected at 30 minute
intervals for 90 minutes.





BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5
Number Exploring Further (Experiment)
Pg. 55
Title
Designing a simple experiment to test urine for the presence of
glucose
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To design a simple experiment to test urine for the presence of glucose
Variables
Manipulated variable: Type of drink (glucose drink)
Responding variable: Volume of urine collected
Fixed variable: Volume of water drunk, time intervals after which
urine is collected
Material Glucose drink
Apparatus
Drinking cups
Containers for collecting urine
Measuring cylinders
Stopwatch
Technique used
Measure and record the total volume of urine collected at 30 minute
intervals for 90 minutes.


Number Activity 3.6 (Project)
Pg. 56
Title
Planning and conducting a programme against drug and alcohol
abuse
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To plan and conduct a programme against drug and alcohol abuse
Material
The Internet
Reference books
Newspaper
Science journals
Apparatus -
Technique used Collect and evaluate reading materials


Number Creative corner
Pg. 57
Title Learning about the process of fruit ripening
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To learn about the process of fruit ripening
BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5
Material Four bunches of unripe bananas
Two bunches of ripe bananas
Cling wrap
Four identical plates
Apparatus -


Number Experiment 1 (extra)
Pg. -
Title Studying human responses to external and internal environment
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To study human responses to external and internal environment
Responding to chemicals (external environment)
Responding to a rise in body temperature (internal environment)
Responding to a fall in the osmotic pressure of blood (internal
environment)
Material Granulated sugar
Salt
Lime juice
Drinking water
Ice water
Apparatus Teaspoon
Technique used Observe human being respond to changes in their internal and external
environments


Number Experiment 2 (Extra)
Pg. -
Title Studying animal responses to their external environment
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To study animal responses to their external environment
Material
Granulated sugar
Ants
Snails
Potted plant
Apparatus
A Petri dish
Spoon
A torchlight
Technique used
Observe and record animals respond to changes in their external
environment

BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5

Number Experiment 3 (Extra)
Pg. -
Title Studying plant responses to the external environment
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To study plant responses to the external environment
Responding to touch
Responding to light
Responding to water
Responding to gravity
Material
Live mimosa pudica plant
Green bean seedling
Apparatus
A Petri dish
Wire mesh
Cotton wool
Silica gel
A beaker
Plasticine
Technique used
Observe and record plants respond to changes in their external
environment


Number Practical assessment (Experiment)
Pg. 58
Title Studying the effect of different types of drinks on urine output
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To study the effect of different types of drinks on urine output
Variables
Manipulated variable: Test liquid drunk
Responding variable: Volume of urine collected after the drink
Fixed variable: Volume of the distilled water drunk one hour before
the experiment
Material
Distilled water
0.9% of sodium chloride solution
5% of sodium chloride solution
Apparatus
Drinking cups
Containers for collecting urine
Measuring cylinders
Stopwatch
Technique used
Measure and record the total volume of urine collected at 30 minute
intervals for 90 minutes.

BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5
CHAPTER 4 REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH

List of experiment:
1. Studying the stages in formation of sperm and ova
2. Studying and discussing the effect of hormonal levels on follicle development,
ovulation, formation of the corpus luteum and changes in the thickness of the
endometrium
3. Observing graphics and simulations on the formation and early development of a
zygote and the formation of twins
4. Preparing a folio on the functions of the placenta and the advantages of the foetus
having a separate circulatory system from that of the mother
5. Preparing a folio on the contribution of science and technology to human
reproduction
6. Identifying the parts of a flower and the structures that produce reproductive cells
7. Investigating the parts of a wind-pollinated flower
8. Preparing a simple manual of Malaysian flower
9. Studying and drawing diagrams to show the stages in formation of pollen grain and
the embryo sac
10. Observing the germination of pollen grain in sugar solution
11. Examining the structure of fruits
12. Identifying growth zones at the plant root tip and shoot tip
13. Studying the growth of maize
14. Studying the growth of an insect
15. Identifying plants that undergo primary and secondary growth
16. Identifying primary and secondary growth tissue in the stem and root of a
dicotyledonous plant
17. Preparing folio on the importance of primary and secondary growth to plants, the
similarities and differences between these two types of growth and the economic
importance of plants that undergo secondary growth
18. Studying the growth of insect P

Number Activity 4.1 (Observation)
Pg. 61
Title Studying the stages in formation of sperm and ova
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To study the stages in formation of sperm and ova
Material
Charts
Electron micrographs of sperm and ovum formation
Prepared slides of cross sections of the human testis and ovary
Apparatus The compound microscope
Technique used Observe prepared slides of cross sections by using microscope



BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5
Number Activity 4.2 (Observation)
Pg. 63
Title Studying and discussing the effect of hormonal levels on follicle
development, ovulation, formation of the corpus luteum and
changes in the thickness of the endometrium
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To study and discussing the effect of hormonal levels on follicle
development, ovulation, formation of the corpus luteum and changes in
the thickness of the endometrium
Material CD-ROMs
Transparencies
Apparatus LCD projector
Overhead projector
Technique used Observe the development of follicles, the process of ovulation, the
formation of the corpus luteum and the thickness of the endometrium.

Number Activity 4.3 (Simulation)
Pg. 64
Title
Observing graphics and simulations on the formation and early
development of a zygote and the formation of twins
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To observe graphics and simulations on the formation and early
development of a zygote and the formation of twins
Material
CD-ROMs
Computer courseware
Apparatus LCD projector

Number Activity 4.4 (Project)
Pg. 65
Title
Preparing a folio on the functions of the placenta and the
advantages of the foetus having a separate circulatory system from
that of the mother
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To prepare a folio on the functions of the placenta and the advantages of
the foetus having a separate circulatory system from that of the mother
Material
Reference books
The Internet
Apparatus -




BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5
Number Activity 4.5 (Project)
Pg. 66
Title
Preparing a folio on the contribution of science and technology to
human reproduction
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To prepare a folio on the contribution of science and technology to
human reproduction
Material
Printed materials
The Internet
Apparatus -

Number Activity 4.6 (Observation)
Pg. 67
Title
Identifying the parts of a flower and the structures that produce
reproductive cells
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To identify the parts of a flower and the structures that produce
reproductive cells
Material
Flower of the flame of the forest (Delonix regia)
Alcohol
Apparatus
A hand lens
A scalpel
A ruler
A compound microscope
Glass slides and cover slips
A pair of forceps
Technique used
Observe and examine male reproduction cell and female reproduction
cell of a flower by using a compound microscope

Number Exploring Further
Pg. 69
Title Investigating the parts of a wind-pollinated flower
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To investigate the parts of a wind-pollinated flower
Material Grass flower (Ischaemum muticum)
Apparatus
A hand lens
A scalpel
A ruler
A compound microscope
Glass slides and cover slips
A pair of forceps
BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5
Technique used
Observe and examine the parts of a wing-pollinated flower by using a
compound microscope

Number Creative corner
Pg. 70
Title Preparing a simple manual of Malaysian flower
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To prepare a simple manual of Malaysian flower
Material
Specimens of Malaysian flowers
Watercolour paint
Art block paper
Apparatus
Hand lens
Scalpel
Paint brushes

Number Activity 4.7 (Observation)
Pg. 71
Title
Studying and drawing diagrams to show the stages in formation of
pollen grain and the embryo sac
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To study and draw diagrams to show the stages in formation of pollen
grain and the embryo sac
Material Prepared slides of the cross section of the anther and ovule
Apparatus Microscope
Technique used
Observe and examine the prepared slides of the cross section of the
anther and ovule by using a compound microscope

Number Activity 4.8 (Observation)
Pg. 72
Title Observing the germination of pollen grain in sugar solution
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To observe the germination of pollen grain in sugar solution
Material
Sucrose solution (5%)
Sucrose solution (10%)
Anthers from balsam (Impatiens balsamina)
Anther from Mexican lilac (Gliricidia sepium)
Acetocarmine stain
BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5
Apparatus
Forceps
Cavity slides
Cover slips
Glass dropper
Dissecting needle
Microscope
Technique used
Slide preparation and observe the germination of pollen grain in sugar
solution by using a compound microscope

Number Activity 4.9 (Observation)
Pg. 73
Title Examining the structure of fruits
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To examine the structure of fruits
Material
Long beans
Unripe mangoes
Apparatus
Hand lens
Knife
Scalpel
A pair of forceps

Number Activity 4.10 (Observation)
Pg. 74
Title Identifying growth zones at the plant root tip and shoot tip
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To identify growth zones at the plant root tip and shoot tip
Material Prepared slides / charts of onion (Allium sp.) root tip and shoot tip
Apparatus Compound microscope
Technique used
Slide preparation and observe the three growth zones at the root tip and
shoot tip (zone of cell division, zone of cell elongation and zone of
differentiation) by using a compound microscope

Number Activity 4.11 (Experiment)
Pg. 75
Title Studying the growth of maize
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To study the growth of maize
BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5
Problem statement What is the shape of the growth curve of maize?
Hypothesis The growth curve of maize is sigmoid
Variables
Manipulated variable: Time after planting (days).
Responding variable: Average plant height (cm) or average dry
mass.
Fixed variable: Maize seed.
Material
Nursery site with loam soil
15 20 maize seeds
Apparatus
Measuring tape or weighting scale
Metre rule or oven

Number Activity 4.12 (Project)
Pg. 77
Title Studying the growth of an insect
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To study the growth of an insect
Material Prepared slides / charts of onion (Allium sp.) root tip and shoot tip
Apparatus Compound microscope
Technique used
Slide preparation and observe the three growth zones at the root tip and
shoot tip (zone of cell division, zone of cell elongation and zone of
differentiation) by using a compound microscope

Number Activity 4.13 (Field Study)
Pg. 78
Title Identifying plants that undergo primary and secondary growth
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To identify plants that undergo primary and secondary growth
Material A notebook and stationery
Apparatus
Hand lens
A pair of binoculars
Camera
Technique used Identify primary and secondary growth (plant)

Number Activity 4.14 (Observation)
Pg. 79
Title
Identifying primary and secondary growth tissue in the stem and
root of a dicotyledonous plant
BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To identify primary and secondary growth tissue in the stem and root of a
dicotyledonous plant
Material
Prepared slides of the cross section of a young stem, mature stem,
root and mature root of Tiliasp. (lime tree)
Apparatus Light microscope
Technique used
Observe and identify primary and secondary growth tissue in the stem
and root of a dicotyledonous plant by using light microscope.

Number Activity 4.15 (Project)
Pg. 81
Title
Preparing folio on the importance of primary and secondary growth
to plants, the similarities and differences between these two types
of growth and the economic importance of plants that undergo
secondary growth
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To prepare folio on the importance of primary and secondary growth to
plants, the similarities and differences between these two types of
growth and the economic importance of plants that undergo secondary
growth
Material The Internet and other reference materials
Apparatus -

Number Practical Assessment (Experiment)
Pg. 82
Title Studying the growth of insect P
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To study the growth of insect P
Problem statement What is the shape of the growth curve of insect P?
Hypothesis
The growth of insect P has a discontinuous or intermittent growth
pattern
Variables
Manipulated variable: Time after planting (days).
Responding variable: Average plant height (cm) or average dry
mass.
Fixed variable: Maize seed.
Material Insect P
Apparatus Ruler
Inference
The change in length of insect P has a discontinuous or intermittent
growth pattern
BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5
Chapter 5 Inheritance

List of experiment:
1. Studying Mendels First Law
2. Examining a drawing of a micrograph and a karyotype of human chromosomes
3. Explaining sex determination in offspring
4. Making a model of a DNA molecule
5. Extracting DNA from living things
6. Showing the replication of a DNA molecule which occurs during meiosis and mitosis
7. Visiting a research centres to learn more about genetic engineering

Number Activity 5.1 (Simulation)
Pg. 85
Title Studying Mendels First Law
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To study Mendels First Law
Material
100 red buttons
100 blue buttons (same size)
2 black plastics bags (15 cm x 20 cm)
Marker pen
Apparatus -
Technique used
Predict the genotypes and phenotypes by using probabilities results from
genetics crosses

Number Activity 5.2 (Observation)
Pg. 88
Title
Examining a drawing of a micrograph and a karyotype of human
chromosomes
Determining the number of human chromosomes
Arranging the homologous pairs based on the location of the
centromere and size of chromosomes
Identifying autosomes and sex chromosomes
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To examine a drawing of a micrograph and a karyotype of human
chromosomes
Material
A drawing of a micrograph of human chromosomes
A pair of scissors
Glue
An enlarged picture of chromosomes from a human cell
Two diagrams each showing the karyotype of different individuals
Apparatus -

BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5
Number Activity 5.3 (Observation)
Pg. 90
Title Explaining sex determination in offspring
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To explain sex determination in offspring
Material
1 white button
25 red buttons
25 black buttons (same size and shape)
A black plastics bag
Apparatus Petri dish

Number Activity 5.4 (Project)
Pg. 92
Title Making a model of a DNA molecule
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To make a model of a DNA molecule
Material
A sheet of Manila card
A circular piece of plastic 15 cm in diameter and 1 cm thick
Length of wire 1 mm in diameter and 50 cm long
14 pieces of plastic straw each measuring 2 cm in length
Glue
Cellophane tape
A container filled with sand
Apparatus -

Number Creative corner
Pg. 94
Title Extracting DNA from living things
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To extract DNA from living things
Material
Detergent
Enzyme (meat tenderiser)
Green peas
Salt
Cold water
Ethyl alcohol (70 95%)
Apparatus -


BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5
Number Exploring further
Pg. 95
Title
Showing the replication of a DNA molecule which occurs during
meiosis and mitosis
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To show the replication of a DNA molecule which occurs during meiosis
and mitosis
Material
Manila card
15 copies of tje four types of nucleotides
Apparatus A pair of scissors

Number Activity 5.5 (Educational Trip)
Pg. 96
Title Visiting a research centres to learn more about genetic engineering
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To visit a research centres to learn more about genetic engineering
Places
Forest Research Institute of Malaysia (FRIM)
Institute of Agriculture Research and Development of Malaysia
(MARDI)
Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB)
Universities
Institute of Medical Research (IMR)
Technique used
Interview the research officers on the genetic engineering are being
carried out in these institutes
Write report about application of genetic engineering and advantages
/ disadvantages of genetic engineering













BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5
CHAPTER 6 VARIATION

List of experiment:
1. Investigating variation in humans
2. Modelling the process of independent assortment of chromosomes
3. Studying the effects of environmental factors on variation in plants
4. Studying how colour camouflage can help in the survival of a species
5. Studying other forms of camouflage by insects
6. Simulating the predator-prey relationship and camouflage
7. Working together in diversity for a good cause
8. Performing a sketch to show respect for the Earth and all of Gods creations
9. Studying the importance of variation in the survival of a species of moth

Number Activity 6.1 (Observation)
Pg. 101
Title Investigating variation in humans
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To investigate variation in humans
Studying variation in height and weight among students in the class
Identifying variations in tongue-rolling, ear lobe shape, digital
hyperextensibility and thumbprints among students in a class
Material
Metre rule
Weighing machine
Ink pad
White paper
A piece of rag
Apparatus -
Technique used
Predict the genotypes and phenotypes by using probabilities results from
genetics crosses

Number Exploring Further
Pg. 104
Title
Identifying the blood groups of all the students in the class and
determining the type of variation they represent
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To identify the blood groups of all the students in the class and
determining the type of variation they represent
Material
Lancet
Serum A
Serum B
Alcohol
Cotton wool
Apparatus
Dropper
Spotting tile
BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5

Number Activity 6.2 (Simulation)
Pg. 105
Title Modelling the process of independent assortment of chromosomes
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To model the process of independent assortment of chromosomes
Material
Large sheets of Manila card
Coloured plasticine
White beads
Thick woollen thread
Strong glue
Coloured paint
Apparatus
Scissors
Blade

Number Activity 6.3 (Experiment)
Pg. 107
Title Studying the effects of environmental factors on variation in plants
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To study the effects of environmental factors on variation in plants
Problem statement Do environmental factors affect the growth of plants?
Hypothesis The growth of plants is affected by environmental factors
Variables
Manipulated variable: Soil type, water, sunlight
Responding variable: Growth of stem
Fixed variable: Initial length and type of stem
Material
Five stem cuttings measuring 20-25 cm from the same plant
(bougainvillea / hibiscus / sugar cane / tapioca) with all the leaves
removed (cutting should be dipped overnight in water)
Sand
Clay
Loam soil
Water
Apparatus Five flowerpots





BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5
Number Exploring Further
Pg. 109
Title Studying the effects of genetic factors on variation in plants
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To study the effects of genetic factors on variation in plants
Material
Two varieties of maize (Taiwan and Masmadu)
Soil
Water
Apparatus
4 flowerpot
Metre rule

Number Activity 6.4 (Experiment)
Pg. 110
Title
Studying how colour camouflage can help in the survival of a
species
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To study how colour camouflage can help in the survival of a species
Problem statement What is the effect of colour camouflage on organisms?
Hypothesis Colour camouflage helps in the survival of a species.
Variables
Manipulated variable: The colour of the cloth used
Responding variable: The coloured buttons picked
Fixed variable: The size of the cloth used, the number of each
coloured button
Material
Pieces of white, black and multicoloured floral cloth, each measuring
55 cm x 55 cm
15 red buttons
15 black buttons
15 white buttons
15 yellow striped buttons
15 green striped buttons
Apparatus White tile

Number Exploring Further
Pg. 112
Title Studying other forms of camouflage by insects
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To study other forms of camouflage by insects
Material
Notebook
Stationary
BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5
Apparatus -
Places Butterfly Farm
Technique used
Observe and take photographs of different insects in the farm showing
different colours and shapes as camouflage

Number Creative Corner
Pg. 113
Title Simulating the predator-prey relationship and camouflage
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To simulate the predator-prey relationship and camouflage
Material
120 cards (60 green and 60 yellow) in the shape of butterflies
measuring 8 cm wide and 4 cm long
Apparatus -

Number Activity 6.5 (Project)
Pg. 113
Title Working together in diversity for a good cause
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To work together in diversity for a good cause
Activities
Cleaning and beautifying the school environment
Interclass games
Cultural Charity Night
Canteen Day
Community service to welfare homes
Technique used Plan activities

Number Activity 6.6 (Project)
Pg. 114
Title
Performing a sketch to show respect for the Earth and all of Gods
creations
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To perform a sketch to show respect for the Earth and all of Gods
creations
Technique used
Brainstorm to plan and conduct sketch to show respect for Gods
creations




BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5
Number Practical Assessment (Experiment)
Pg. 115
Title
Studying the importance of variation in the survival of a species of
moth.
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To study the importance of variation in the survival of a species of moth.
Problem statement
What is the effect on difference in colour between the moths and the
background?
Hypothesis
When the difference in colour between the moths and the background is
very distinct, the number of moths with that particular colour is fewer.
Variables
Manipulated variable: Surrounding area / locations
Responding variable: Number of each type of moths in the area
Fixed variable: The tree trunk and time of observation
























BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5
CHAPTER 1 TRANSPORT

List of PEKA experiments:
1. Correlating the different sizes of cubes with the total surface area to volume (TSA/V)
ratio and studying how the TSA/V ratio affects the movement of solutes to the interior
of cubes.
2. Studying educational courseware and charts about the circulatory systems in
humans, fish and amphibians.
3. Examining prepared slides of blood smear, mammalian artery and mammalian vein.
4. Observing live specimens of the heart
5. Showing the presence of xylem as a continuous tube system to transport water and
minerals
6. Preparing and examining slides of the cross section and longitudinal section of a
dicotyledonous stem
7. Observing prepared slides of the cross section of the stem, root and leaf of a
dicotyledonous plant
8. Carrying out bark ringing to show the role of phloem in the continuous transport of
organic substances
9. Studying the effect of air movement on the rate of transpiration by using a potometer
10. Determining the effect of temperature, light intensity and relative humidity on the rate
of transpiration
11. Investigating whether transpiration occurs mainly through the stomata of leaves
12. Observing the phenomenon of root pressure
13. Observing the phenomenon of cohesion and adhesion of water
14. Investigating the effect of light intensity on the rate of transpiration

Number Activity 1.1 (Observation)
Pg. 2
Title
Correlating the different sizes of cubes with the total surface area to
volume (TSA/V) ratio and studying how the TSA/V ratio affects the
movement of solutes to the interior of cubes
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To correlate different sizes of cubes to total surface area/volume (TSA/V)
ratio and to study on how the TSA/V ratio affects the movement of
solutes to the interior of cubes.
Problem Statement
How the TSA/V ratio does affect the movement of solutes to the interior
of cubes?
Hypothesis
A cube with a larger TSA/V ratio allows solutes to move faster into its
interior.
Variables
Manipulated variable: TSA/V ratio
Responding variable: Rate of penetration of solutes (iodine solution /
phenolphthalein) into the cubes
Fixed variable: Concentration of iodine solution / phnolphthalein, time
Material
1.0% phenolphthalein
0.2M sodium hydroxide solution
BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5
A sheet of plain plastic for example transparency
Filter paper
Apparatus
Petri dish
A ruler
A pair of scissors
A razor blade
A stopwatch
Technique used
Measure the rate of penetration of solutes into the cubes by using cube-
shaped moulds (on plain plastic).

Number Activity 1.2 (Observation)
Pg. 4
Title
Studying educational courseware and charts about the circulatory
systems in humans, fish and amphibians.
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To study the circulatory systems in humans, fish and amphibians
Problem Statement How is the circulatory system in humans, fish and amphibians?
Material
Educational software
Videos
Charts
The Internet

Number Exploring Further (Experiment)
Pg. 5
Title
Examining prepared slides of blood smear, mammalian artery and
mammalian vein
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To exam prepared slides of blood smear, mammalian artery and
mammalian vein
Material
Prepared slides of human blood smear
Prepared slides of mammalian artery (cross section)
Prepared slides of a mammalian vein (cross section)
Apparatus Microscope
Technique used Observe and examine prepared slides with a microscope

Number Activity 1.3 (Observation)
Pg. 6
Title Observing live specimens of the heart
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To observe live specimens of the heart.A. Observing a live specimen of
the goats heartB. Observing a live specimen of the chickens heartC.
BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5
Observing a live specimen of the fishs heart
Material
Fish heart
Chicken heart
Goat heart
Apparatus
Dissecting tray
A sharp knife
A blunt metal probe
A pair of scissors
A scalpel
Safety goggles
Laboratory aprons
Gloves
Technique used
Observe live specimens of the heart and compare the circulatory
systems

Number Activity 1.4 (Observation)
Pg. 13
Title
Showing the presence of xylem as a continuous tube system to
transport water and minerals
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To observe the presence of xylem as a continuous tube system to
transport water and minerals
Problem statement Does xylem form a continuous tube system?
Hypothesis
Xylem tissues form a continuous tube system from the roots to the
shoots
Material
A balsam plant (pokok keembung)
100 ml of dilute eosin solution
Apparatus
A beaker
A razor blade
A clean glass slide
A microscope
A forceps
A white tile
A Petri dish
A paint brush
Technique used
Prepare cross section of stem and root
Identify the vascular tissue in stem, root and leaf by using
microscope

Number Activity 1.5 (Observation)
BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5
Pg. 14
Title
Preparing and examining slides of the cross section and
longitudinal section of a dicotyledonous stem
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To prepare and exam slides of the cross section and longitudinal section
of a dicotyledonous stem
Material
A stem
Dilute glycerine
Toluidine blue
Apparatus
A razor blade
A Petri dish
A microscope
A slide
A small paint brush
Technique used Identify the vascular tissue in stem, root and leaf by using microscope

Number Activity 1.6 (Observation)
Pg. 16
Title
Observing prepared slides of the cross section of the stem, root
and leaf of a dicotyledonous plant
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To observe prepared slides of the cross section of the stem, root and
leaf of a dicotyledonous plant
Material
Prepared slides of the cross section of the stem, root and leaf of a
dicotyledonous plant (Example:Helianthus sp.)
Apparatus A microscope
Technique used
Observe and identify the vascular tissue in stem, root and leaf by using
microscope

Number Activity 1.7 (Experiment)
Pg. 17
Title
Observing prepared slides of the cross section of the stem, root
and leaf of a monocotyledonous plant
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To observe prepared slides of the cross section of the stem, root and
leaf of a monocotyledonous plant
Problem statement
What is the effect of removing a ring of phloem tissue from the stem of a
tree?
Hypothesis
The tissue just above the ring swells, whereas that below the ring tends
to wither.
BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5
Variables
Manipulated variable: a stem that is not ringed
Responding variable: The condition of the stems above and below
the ring after one month
Fixed variable: The environmental factors affecting the growth of the
tree
Material
A healthy tree with small stems
Vaseline
Apparatus A sharp knife
Technique used
Bark ringing (removal of a ring of phloem tissue, external to the xylem,
from around the trunk of a woody plant).


Number Activity 1.8 (Experiment)
Pg. 19
Title
Studying the effect of air movement on the rate of transpiration by
using a potometer
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To study the effect of air movement on the rate of transpiration by using
a potometer
Problem statement How does the movement of air affect the rate of transpiration?
Hypothesis The faster the movement of air, the greater the rate of transpiration
Variables
Manipulated variable: Air movement
Responding variable: The distance travelled by the air bubble in 5
minutes
Fixed variable: Surrounding temperature, light intensity, relative
humidity, type of plant used
Material
A leafy shoot
Vaseline
Dry cloth
Coloured water (dilute eosin solution, optional)
Apparatus
A photometer
A beaker
Secateurs
A basin of water
A stopwatch
Technique used
Measuring the distance travelled by an air bubble in a photometer in 5
minutes



BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5
Number Activity 1.9 (Experiment)
Pg. 25
Title
Determining the effect of temperature, light intensity and relative
humidity on the rate of transpiration.
Aim / Objective of
the Study
To determining the effect of temperature, light intensity and relative
humidity on the rate of transpiration.
Effect of light
Effect of temperature
Effect of relative humidity
Problem statement
How does light intensity affect the rate of transpiration?
How does temperature affect the rate of transpiration?
How does humidity affect the rate of transpiration?
Hypothesis
The higher the light intensity, the higher the rate of transpiration.
The higher the temperature, the higher the rate of transpiration.
The higher the relative humidity, the lower the rate of transpiration.
Variables (light
intensity)
Manipulated variable: Light intensity.
Responding variable: Time taken by the air bubble to travel a
distance of 2 cm.
Fixed variable: Surrounding temperature, relative humidity, type of
plant used and air movement.
Variables
(temperature)
Manipulated variable: Temperature.
Responding variable: Time taken by the air bubble to travel a
distance of 2 cm.
Fixed variable: Light intensity, relative humidity, type of plant used
and air movement.
Variables (relative
humidity)
Manipulated variable: Relative humidity.
Responding variable: Time taken by the air bubble to travel a
distance of 2 cm.
Fixed variable: Surrounding temperature, light intensity, type of
plant used and air movement.
Material
A leafy shoot
Vaseline
Dry cloth
Coloured water (dilute eosin solution, optional)
Apparatus
A potometer
A beaker
Secateurs
A basin of water
A stopwatch
A large transparent polythene bag
A large black polythene bag
BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5
Two strings
Two covers to cover the shoot
A thermometer
Technique used
Measuring and recording the time taken for the air bubble to move a
distance of 2 cm by using a stopwatch.

Number Exploring Further (Experiment)
Pg. 26
Title
Investigating whether transpiration occurs mainly through the
stomata of leaves.
Material
Leaves from a dicotyledonous plant such asHibiscus sp.
Vaseline
Apparatus
Thread
An electronic balance
An applicator

Number Activity 1.10 (Observation)
Pg. 27
Title Observing the phenomenon of root pressure
Material
A healthy potted plant with plane underneath
Coloured water
Apparatus
A glass tube (20 cm long)
A rubber tubing
Threads
A ruler

Number Activity 1.11 (Observation)
Pg. 28
Title
Observing the phenomenon of cohesion and adhesion (capillary
action) of water
Material
Water
Paraffin oil
Sponge
Apparatus
Capillary tube
Retort stand
A beaker



BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5
Number Practical Assessment 1 (Experiment)
Pg. 29
Title
Investigating the effect of light intensity on the rate of transpiration
/ Investigating the transpiration rate of a leafty shoot
Material
Water
Paraffin oil
Apparatus
Calibrated pipette
Retort stand
Potometer
Airtight seal
Water tube