iII
Navya: Hi Sreya, any idea when we are starting
for the picnic spot tomorrow?
(Í®°æ¤ ´’† Picnic îÓô’-Èé-°æ¤púø’ •ßª’-™‰l-®√™
à´’Ø√o idea Öçü∆?)
Spot = îÓô’
Sreya: None, dear. Divya must be able to tell
us. She is making the arrangements.
(ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’. C´u ´’†èπ◊ îÁ°æp-í∫-©ü¿’. ûªØË
à®√pô’x îË≤ÚhçC éπü∆)
Navya: I called her home. Her mom told me
she was out. Must be busy with
arrangements.
(¢√∞¡x ÉçöÀéÀ Phone î˨»†’. •ßª’-öÀ-Èé-Rxç-ü¿E
¢√∞¡x´’t îÁ°œpçC. ¶«í¬ busyí¬ Öçúø’ç-ú≈L
´’J)
Sreya: Let's ring up Kavya. Divya is taking
kavya's help. So Kavya should be
knowing about Divya. She should be
able to tell us where Divya is. (´’†ç
Phone
鬴uèπ◊ îËü∆lç. C´u, 鬴u Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç
BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-öçC. 鬕öÀd C´u í∫’Jç* 鬴uèπ◊
ûÁLÆæ’ç-úÌa. C´u í∫’Jç* é¬-¢Ëu îÁ°æp-í∫-©-
í¬L.)
Navya: Kavya should know at least the time of
starting.
(Start ÅßË’u time Å®·Ø√ 鬴uèπ◊ ûÁL-Ææ’ç-
ú≈L)
Sreya: That's right. Let's ring her up.
Phone
(éπÈ®Íéd îËü∆lç Öçúø’)
Navya: Let's wait. They will call us and tell us.
We must be there for the picnic after
all.
(é¬Ææh Çí∫’ü∆ç. ¢√∞Ïx ´’†èπ◊ Phone îËÆœ
îÁ§ƒh®Ω’. picnic ïJ-Ííç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´’†ç Öçú≈L
éπü∆.)
Sreya: OK. I must be going. Bye.
(ØË ¢Á∞«xL ´’J. Bye)
Navya: Bye
í∫ûª éÌEo lessons ™ must, should Å®√n©’, Ö°æ-
ßÁ÷-í¬©’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√oç-í∫ü∆. ¢√öÀE ã≤ƒJ Ææçví∫-
£æ«çí¬ í∫´’-Eü∆lç.
Must, have to/ has to, should-
1) Ñ ´‚úø’ èπÿú≈ Å®Ωnç™ ¢√úø’-éπ™ î√™« ü¿í∫_-
®Ωí¬ Öçö«®·.
2) ´‚úø’ èπÿú≈ commands (Çïc©’), duty
(NCµ), necessity (Å´-Ææ®Ωç), Obligation †’
ûÁ©’-°æ¤-û√®·. warnings (£«îªa-Jéπ)©†’ èπÿú≈
ûÁ©’-°æ¤-û√®·.
3) Must, should ´’†ç éπ*aûªç ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’†o,
ņ’-èπ◊ØË N≠æ-ߪ÷-©†’ îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀ ¢√úøû√ç.
Bhavan: Hi Sravan, When are you leaving for
Kashmir?
(F¢Á-°æ¤púø’ é¬Qt-®Ω’èπ◊ •ßª’-©’-üË-®Ω’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤?)
Sravan: The coming Friday.
(´îËa ¨¡Ÿvéπ-¢√®Ωç)
Bhavan: That's just two days off. You must be
busy making arrangements because
you are going to be there for a few
weeks. Kashmir must be quite cold
now. Carry enough warm clothing.
Pavan is also joining you, isn't he?
(Éçéπ È®çúø’-®Ó-V™‰. à®√pôxûÓ î√™« busy
í¬ Öçúø’ç-ö«´¤ éπ*a-ûªçí¬; éÌEo ¢√®√-©’ç-úø-
¶-ûª’-Ø√o´¤. é¬Qt®Ω’ ¶«í¬ îªLí¬ Öçú≈-L-
°æ¤púø’. Pavan èπÿú≈ FûÓ ´Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’
éπü∆?)
(Carry enough warm clothing = î√L-
†Eo ¢ÁîªaöÀ •ôd©’ BÆæ’-Èé∞¡Ÿx.)
Sravan: Yes, He should be on the way because Meghana: Yes, I ought to be careful how I talk
he has to be here this evening.
(Å´¤†’. Ñ ≤ƒßª’ç-vû√Eéπ™«x Ééπ\-úø’ç-ú≈L
鬕öÀd Åûªúø’ ü∆J™ Öçúø’ç-ú≈L.)
Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ Must be, should be ûÓ
Expressions í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. Maithri: We ought to remember who we talk
1) You must be busy = †’´¤y busyí¬ Öçú≈L.
(Bhavan éπ*aûªç ņ’-èπ◊ØË N≠æߪ’ç)
Spoken English
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
2) Kashmir must be quite cold now
É°æ¤púø’ é¬Qt®˝ ¶«í¬ îªLí¬ Öçú≈L. (ÉC èπÿú≈
Bhavan éπ*aûªç ņ’-èπ◊ØË N≠æߪ’ç)
3) He should be on the way
-Å-ûªúø’ ü∆J™ Öçú≈L. (ÉC éπ*aûªç ņ’-èπ◊ØË
N≠æߪ’ç.)
É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x must, should ¢√úøû√ç. Ñ
Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x have to/ has to ¢√úøç.
É°æ¤púø’ Ñ lesson ™E ¢Á·ôd-¢Á·-ü¿öÀ dialogue
´’®Ó-≤ƒJ îª÷úøçúÕ. Åçü¿’™ must ûÓ, should ûÓ
Ö†o expressions.
1) Divya must be able to tell us.
2) Must be busy with arrangements.
3) Should be knowing.
4) Should be able to tell us.
OöÀ™x (1), (2) ´’†ç éπ*aûªç ņ’-èπ◊ØË N≠æ-ߪ÷-©†’
ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’-Ø√o®·.
(3), (4) äéπ®Ω’çúË °æJ-Æ œn-ûª’™x ¢√∞¡x †’ç* ´’†ç
ÇPçîË N≠æ-ߪ÷-©†’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’-Ø√o®· éπü∆. ÉD
must èπ◊,should èπ◊ ÉçéÓ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç.
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 108
We ought toers
respect eld-
a) Bharat: Why did India lose the match?
(India áçü¿’èπ◊ ãúÕ-§Ú-®·çC?)
Lakshman: Ask Dravid about it. He is the cap-
tain. He must know.
(Ç N≠æߪ’ç vü∆N-ú˛†’ Åúø’í∫’. Çߪ’†
captain éπü∆. Çߪ’-†Íé ûÁL-ߪ÷L.)
Åçõ‰ Dravid, captain 鬕öÀd, ãôN’éÀ 鬮Ωù«©’
Çߪ’-†’oç* ÇPç-îªúøç
Kumar: How is the financial position of India?
(¶µ«®Ωû˝ financial position = ÇJnéπ °æJ-ÆœnA
ᙫ Öçü¿ç-ö«´¤?)
Saradhi: How do I know? The finance minister
should be able to tell you.
(Ø√Íéç ûÁ©’Ææ’. -Fèπ◊ Ç N≠æߪ’ç Finance
MinisterîÁ°æp-í∫-©-úø’)
É™«çöÀ uses have to/ has to èπ◊ ™‰´¤.
Maithri: Hi Meghana, what brings you here?
(àçöÀ-™«-´-î√a´¤?)
Meghana: I need your help. (F ≤ƒßª’ç 鬢√L.)
Maithri: Regarding? (üËE N≠æߪ’ç)
Meghana: I wasn't very polite to our lecturer
yesterday. I am sure my words hurt
him
(E†o ´’† lecturer °æôx ´’®√u-ü¿í¬ v°æ´-
Jhç-îª-™‰ü¿’. Ø√ ´÷ô©’ Çߪ’Eo éπ*a-
ûªçí¬ í¬ßª’-°æ-J-î√-ߪ’-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.
hurt = í¬ßª’-°æ-®Ω-îªôç.
Maithri: Meghana, not the first time for you
to be rude to elders.
(°ü¿l-¢√-∞¡x-°æôx Å´’-®√u-ü¿í¬ Öçúøôç
FéÀüËç ¢Á·ü¿öÀ≤ƒJ é¬ü¿’ éπü∆.)
You ought to know manners. (Fèπ◊
manners ûÁL-ߪ÷L/ †’´¤y manners
ï•’sûÓ Ö†o ´÷ Å´’t†’ îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-´-ö«-EéÀ ûªy®Ωí¬
ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L.) AJT ®√¢√L. (Ø√ ØÁjAéπ NCµ/ ¶«üµ¿uûª)
to elders. I ought to respect elders.
ÉC ought to èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† N≠æߪ’ç, ´’Sx
îª ÷úøçúÕ.
(Å´¤†’. °ü¿l-¢√-∞¡xûÓ ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’
؈’ ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ Öçú≈L. °ü¿l-¢√-∞¡x†’ íı®Ω- a) °ü¿l-¢√-∞¡x†’ íı®Ω-Nç-î√L
You ought to respect elders.
Nç-î√L.)
b) Å´÷-ߪ’-èπ◊-©†’ ≤ƒ†’-¶µº÷-AûÓ îª÷ú≈L.
to when we talk to elders. So what You ought to sympathize with innocent peo-
do you want me to do now? ple.)
-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
-≤Ú-´’¢√®Ωç 6 -°∂œ-v•-´-J 2006
(°ü¿l-¢√-∞¡xûÓ ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’ á´-JûÓ (Sympathy = Æœç°æA. 'Æœç— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç =
´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o¢Á÷ í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√L. Sympathize with =
≤ƒ†’-¶µº÷A. Æœç°æ-ûÁjñ ¸– ñ¸
Å®·ûË É°æ¤púø’ †ØËoç-îË-ߪ’-´’ç-ö«´¤?) size ™ ™«í∫. ≤ƒ†’-¶µº÷A îª÷°æôç. innocent
Z
Meghana: I want to apologize to him. Won't you =
Ɇ-Ææçö¸– É ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç = Å´÷-ߪ’-èπ◊-™„j†).
come with me?
c) You ought not to talk to your father like that
(ØËØ√-ߪ’-†èπ◊ éπ~´÷-°æù îÁ§ƒp-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’- O’ Ø√†oûÓ Å™« ´÷ö«x-úø-èπÿ-úøü¿’ †’´¤y (ÆæÈ®j†
Ø√o†’. †’´¤y Ø√ûÓ ®√¢√? v°æ´-®Ωh† é¬ü¿’)
Apologize = ŧÒ-©-ñ„jñ ¸– §Ò ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.
NOW PRACTISE THE FOLLOWING IN
*´®Ω 'ñ¸— size ™ Z ™«í∫ – Å®Ωnç– éπ~´÷-°æù ENGLISH:
éÓ®Ωôç Apology = ŧÚ-©> = éπ~´÷-°æù)
Prabha: Hi Subha, file no. 10
áéπ\-úø’çC?
Maithri: Let's hurry then. I ought to be back
soon. None to attend on my sick Subha:
¨Ïê-®Ωo-úø’í∫’. Åûª-úÕéÀ ûÁL-ߪ÷L. E†o
≤ƒßª’çvûªç ÅC Çߪ’† table O’ü¿ ÖçC.
mother.
Prabha: ¨Ïê®˝ áéπ\úø?
(ûªy®Ωí¬ ¢Á∞«lç °æü¿. ؈’ ´’Sx ¢ÁçôØË
¢Á†éÀ\ ®√¢√L, ´÷ Å´’t†’ îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊-ØËç-
ü¿’èπ◊– Ç¢Á’ äçöx ¶«í¬ ™‰ü¿’.)
Subha: 5
Åéπ
EN’-≥ƒ© véÀûªç Manager í∫C-™éÀ ¢Á∞«xúø’.
\úË Öçú≈L ´’J.
Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ ought to Prabha:
ü∆ØÓx §Ú®·-†-¢√®Ωç Å´’t-鬩 N´-®√©’Ø√o®·
¢√ú≈ç-éπü∆. Ought to éπü∆?
ÅØ√o èπÿú≈, must, Subha: Fèπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ÷L ÅC. Å´’t-鬩 N≠æ-ߪ÷©’
should ™«í¬ØË, Öçú≈L,
îª÷ÊÆC †’¢Ëy éπü∆?
îËߪ÷L ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´≤ÚhçC
éπü∆. Å®·ûË éÌçûª ûËú≈– Prabha: àçöÀ Åçûª F®Ω-Ææçí¬ ÖØ√o´¤?
î√™« ´·êu-¢Á’i† ûËú≈ Subha: Office °æF, ÉçöÀ °æF ¶«í¬ Å©-Ææô éπL-T-Ææ’h-
ÖçC. ´·çü¿’ Å®Ωnç M. SURESAN Ø√o®·.
îª÷ü∆lç– Prabha: î√™« Weak í¬ éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤. ¢ÁçôØË
a) ought to be ('be' form) = Öçú≈L doctor E îª÷ú≈L †’´¤y. F Ç®Óí∫uç
b) ought to go, ought to respect, ought to N≠æߪ’ç™ ñ«ví∫ûªh BÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L éπü∆? O’
know- ought to + 1st RDW- action word= Çߪ’† ÉçöÀ °æE™ éÌçûª ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ÷L
¢Á∞«xL, íı®Ω-Nç-î√L, ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L, etc. éπü∆?
Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ must, should, have to/ has to ©èπ◊ Subha: Çߪ’-†èπ◊ office °æØË ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC.
ought to Ææ´÷-†¢Ë’. Å®·ûË ought to ņo-°æ¤púø’ Prabha: Doctor ü¿í∫_-®Ω-éπ-®·Ø√ BÆæ’-Èé-∞«xL éπü∆?
Çïc©’, E•ç-üµ¿-†©’, Nüµ¿’©’, Å´-Ææ-®√-©-´©x é¬èπ◊çú≈ Subha: É¢√∞¡ BÆæ’-Èé-∞«h-†-Ø√o®Ω’.
´’†ç FA v°æ鬮Ωç Öçúø-´-©-Æœ† ÆœnA, îËߪ’-´-©-Æœ†
°æ†’©’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-û√®·. Åçõ‰ ØÁjAé𠶫üµ¿u-ûª©’ (Moral ANSWER:
obligations). Prabha: Hi Subha, any idea where file no. 10
°j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ ought to Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç* îª÷úøçúÕ: is?/ Do you know where file no. 10 is?/
1) You ought to know manners Where is file no 10?
†’´¤y manners ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L. Subha: Ask Sekhar about it. He should know /
must know. The file was on his table
(ûÁL-ߪ’-éπ-§ÚûË ´’†-™„o-´®Ω÷ PéÀ~ç-Ω’– é¬F ûÁ©’-Ææ’-
last evening.
éÓ-´ôç ´’† ØÁjAé𠶫üµ¿uûª.)
2) I ought to be careful how I talk to elders Prabha: Where is Sekhar?
Subha: He went to the manager's room 5 min-
°ü¿l-¢√-∞¡xûÓ ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’ ؈’ ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬
Öçú≈L. (v°æ´-®ΩhØ√ ¶«üµ¿uûª) utes ago. He must be there now.
3) We ought to remember who we are talking to Prabha: Why are you so weak?
á´-JûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o¢Á÷ í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√L. Subha: The work at office and at home is very
(v°æ´-®ΩhØ√ ¶«üµ¿uûª) tiring/ is tiring me.
4) I ought to be back early to attend on my sick Prabha: You look very weak/ run down. You
mother ought to see a doctor immediately. You
ought to take care of your health. Your
husband ought to help you in the work
at home.
Subha: His office work takes his whole time.
Prabha: He ought to take you atleast to the
doctor.
Subha: He said he would take me today.