Reprezentanti

ACIDUL SALICILIC (acid o-hidroxi-benzoic)

OH
COOH
t
OH
+ CO
2
COOH
OH
+
HO
HOOC
-
CO
2
-
H
2
O
OH
COO
salol
OH HO
C
O
-
H
2
O
O
C
O
xantona

COO
O
B
O
OOC
-
H
+
COOH
OCOCH
3
Acid acetil-salicilic
(aspirina)
COOCH
3
OH
Salicilat de metil

COOH
OH
OH HO
Acid galic
COO
Bi
OH
OH
OH
OH
HO
dermatol
HO
HO
HO
CO
O
HO
OH
Acid m-galoilgalic (didepsida)
OH
OCH
3
COOH
H
3
CO
Acid siringic
HO
COOH
HO
Acid m-galoilgalic (didepsida)
OH
C
H
C
H
COOH
OH
C
H
C
H
COOH
H
2
O
-
C
O
O
Acid cumaric Acid cumarinic
Cumarina trans cis
Acizi hidroxi-cinamici
Dihidrocumarina
CH
2
O C
O
H
2
O
COOH
CH
2
CH
2
OH
CH=CH COOH
OH
-
CH
2
Acid melilotic
Zaharide (glucide, hidrati de carbon)
Oze sau monozaharide ozide
holozide
heterozide
oligozaharide
polizaharide
Structura monozaharidelor
-catena liniara, neramificata;
-structura ciclica.
Argumente

CH
2
OAc CH
2
OAc
CH OAc
CH OAc
CH OAc
CH OAc
CH=O
2HSC
2
H
5
-
HOH
CH OAc
CH OAc
CH OAc
CH OAc
SC
2
H
5
SC
2
H
5
CH
(CH
3
CO)
2
O
SC
2
H
5
SC
2
H
5
CH
2
OH
CH OH
CH OH
CH OH
CH OH
CH
H
2
O
-
HSC
2
H
5
2
O
CH
2
OH
CH
CH OH
CH OH
CH OH
CH OH
glucoza mercaptal
pentaacetil-glucoza
glucoza mercaptal
pentaacetil-glucoza
Ac=CH
3
CO
H C OH
H C OH
HO C H
H C OH
CH
2
OH
H C=O
H C OH
HO C H
H C OH
H C OH
CH
2
OH
HO C H
H C OH
HO C H
H C OH
H C
CH
2
OH
O
H C
O
fenomenul de mutarotatie
a-glucoza forma aldehidica b-glucoza
H
3
CO C H
H C
O
CH
2
OH
H C OH
HO C H
H C OH
; H
2
O
+
H C OCH
3
H C
O
CH
2
OH
H C OH
HO C H
H C OH
HO CH
3
+
H C
O
CH
2
OH
H C OH
HO C H
H C OH
H C OH
glicozide
Proprietati fizice: substante cristaline, albe, solubile in apa
- prezinta izomerie optica:
CH
2
OH
H C OH
H C OH
HO C H
C=O
CH
2
OH
CH
2
OH
H C OH
HO C H
C=O
CH
2
OH
CH
2
OH
H C OH
H C OH
HO C H
H C OH
H C=O
CH
2
OH
H C OH
HO C H
H C OH
H C=O
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Proprietati chimice
reactia de reducere;
reactia de oxidare;
transpozitia Lobry de Bruyn vov Eckenstein;
reactia de deshidratare in prezenta acizilor tari;
reactia de esterificare;
reactia de eterificare permite stabilirea naturii furanozice/piranozice;
reactia cu compusi ai azotului;
reactia de condensare cu acetona; reactia de condensare cu acetona;
reactii specifice aldozelor: Tollens, Fehling, etc.
H C OH
H C OH
HO C H
H C OH
CH
2
OH
O
H C
O
H
H
H
H
H
OH
OH
OH
HO
CH
2
OH
O
H
H
H
H
H
OH
OH
OH
HO
CH
2
OH
a-D-glucopiranoza
b-D-glucopiranoza
Formulele perspectivice (Haworth)
_
H
H C OH
CH
2
OH
O
H
OH
OH OH
H
H
H C
O
HO C H
H C OH
H C OH
CH
2
OH
C
_ _
_ _
_ _
_
_ _
OH
H
_
_
_
a-D-glucofuranoza
OH
O
HO
HO OH
CH
2
OH
b-D-fructofuranoza
Formule configurationale
- redau cel mai fidel structura reala
a-D-glucopiranoza
O
OH
H
CH
2
OH H
HO
OH
H
HOCH
2
H C OH
HO C H
HOC
CH
2
OH
H C
CH
2
OH
O
_
_
_
_
_