Characterization of the centurion in

the classical authors

Polybius (II B.C.)
Main characteristics:
Obedience
Discipline
Aristocratic ideal
Characterization of the centurion in
the classical authors
Sallustius (I B.C.)
Titus Livius (I A.C. - I B.C.)
Numerous issues concerning representation and
comprehension of the military facts
Use of annalist authors
Valerius Antias
Similar situations
Throwing the eagle to the enemy
Centurion charging with the signa towards the enemy
A new hope: Caesar
Caesar (I B.C.)
Change in their role and representation:
virtus, animvs y fortitvdo
More importance in the narration.
Favorable treatment
They assume the old aristocratic ideal of the
performance in battle.
Conflict between disciplina/virtus.
Problems in Caesar
Virtus doesnt influence battle
Caesar as the main figure in battle.
Virtus without consilium inefficient.
Negative characterization::
Cosidius
Ariovistus
Concluding remarks: Experience and
the centurion
Experience is paramount:
Centurions with high experience are more efficient
breaking the enemy lines.
Centurions with little experience have greater impact on
the cohesion in troops with little experience.
Experience in the roman legions:
After 7 years a legion isnt at his peak of performance
(Caes. Bel. Gal. 8, 8).
Service so long not common in the Roman Republic.
Exceptions:
Late Republic (Civils Wars).
Specific cases: The legions of Cannae.
Concluding remarks: Differences in the
portrayal of the centurion
Polybius:
Centurion leading troops with little experience.
Cohesion is vital.
In this role, it has much more impact on the battle.
Caesar
Troops with much more experience
Its impact on battle is in the charge against the enemy.
The type of troops is what determines the
emphasize in one of the two aspects.