1

h\y `£y hn`-h-§fnse sshhn--[yw `£y-kp-c-

£bv¡v
hn. _me-Ir-jvW³, Fw. sI. cXojv \mcm-bW³
tUm. F³. A\n IpamÀ
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

temI-`-t£ym-Xv]m-Z-\-¯n Ignª cv Zim_vZ-¡m-e-ambn KWy-amb hÀ[-\-bm-

Wp-m-bn-«p-f-f-Xv, F¶n«pw temI-¯nse ]e cmPy--§fpw `oXn-Z-amb coXn-
bn ]«n-Wn-a-c-W-§sf t\cn-Sp-I-b-mWv. temI¯v hÀjw tXmdpw 20-Z-i-e£w P\-
§Ä ]«n-Wnbpw A\p-_-Ô-tcm-K-§Ä aqehpw acn-¡p-¶-Xm-bn-«mWv CXp-ambn
_Ô-s¸« IW-¡p-IÄ kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. çÜÞµÍçfcÞWÉÞÆÈ¢ 2050 ¦ÕáçOÞçÝAá¢
§KáUÄßæa §øGß ¦AßÏßÜï ®CßW ÎÞÈÕøÞÖß µâGÉGßÃßÏßçÜAí ÄUæM¿á¢ ®Kí
ædÉÞËØV ®¢.®Øí.ØbÞÎßÈÞÅX ¥ÍßdÉÞÏæM¿áµÏáIÞÏß. Ignª ÕV×¢ çÜÞµJí 973
ÆÖÜf¢ ¼ÈBZ çÉÞ×µÞÙÞøAáùÕí µÞøâ ÎâÜÎáU ¥Øá¶B{ÞW µ×í¿Ä
¥ÈáÍÕßAáKÄÞÏß ÉÀÈBZ ØâºßMßAáKá. §LcÏßWÄæK
ÍfcÇÞÈcB{áæ¿ ©WMÞÆÈ¢ 200 ÆÖÜf¢ ¿HßWÈßKá¢, 300 ÆÖÜf¢
¦AßÏßÜïæÏCßW ÉJí ÕV×Jßȵ¢ ÉGßÃßÉÞÕB{áæ¿ ®H¢åÉJáÜf¢ µÕßÏᢠ®Kí
ÕßÆ·íÆV ¥ÍßdÉÞÏsM¿áKá. Cu kml-N-cy--¯n ÈNáæ¿ ÈÞGßæÜ dÉçÄc·ßºîá¢
ÕÏÈÞGßæÜ ]nt¶m-¡-hn-`m-K-amb BZn-hmkn P\-§-fpsS `£yk-kp-c£ Dd-¸m-¡m\pw
t]mj-Im-lm-c--Ip-dhv \nI-¯m\pw DX-Ip¶ amÀ¤-§Ä \mw µæçJn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.
hfsc ]v apXÂt¡ a\p-jy³ Ahsâ Npäp-]m-Sp-ap-ff ssPh sshhn--[ys¯ \nco-£n-
¡m\pw D]-tbmKn¡m\pw XpS-§n-bn-cp-¶p. C¶v \mw Irjn-sN-¿p¶ ]e hn`--h-§fpw
a\p-jysâ Cu Xncn-¨-dn-hn-sâbpw D]-tbm-K-¯n-sâbpw ^e-ambn Dcp-¯n-cnªv h¶-h-
bmWv. amÀ¡-än e-`y-a-Ãm-¯Xpw Irjn-sN¿s¸-Sm-¯p-X-amb h\y-k-ky-hn-`-h-§-
sf-bpw, `£y-tbm-Ky-amb P´p-¡-sfbpw (]-£n-IÄ, aÕy--§Ä, C-Xc kkvX-\n-IÄ apX-
em-b-h) ChÀ `£-W-¯n-\mbn B{i-bn-¡p-¶p. hnI-kzc cmPy-§-fnse {KmaoW BZn-
hmkn hn`m-K-§-fpsS `£y kpc£ Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn C¯cw h\y `£y hn`-h-§Ä
hfsc \nÀ®m-b-I-amb ]¦v hln-¡p-¶p-v. Cu hn`-h-§sf Xncn--¨-dn-bp-¶-Xn\pw kwc-
£n-¡p-¶Xn\pw D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-ap-ff Ch-cpsS hnti-jn¨v kv{XoI-fpsS kw`m-
h-\-Isf imkv{X-temIw AwKo-I-cn¨v B[p-\nI P\n-XI kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-ZybpsS A\--
´km-[y-X-IÄ Cu cwK¯pw D]-tbm-Kn-t¡-n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.

GI-tZiw 7000-þ10000 hÀj-§Ä¡p ap¼mWv Irjn Bcw-`n-¨-Xvv. BZys¯ IÀj-I³

h\-¯nÂ\n¶pw `£y-tbm-Ky-amb Hcp kky-¯nsâ hn¯v tiJ-cn¨v AXv ]mIn apf-¸n-¨-
XneqsSbmWv CXnsâ Bcw-`w. sX¡p-]-Sn-ªm-d³ Gjy-bnse Im«p-]p-ÃnÂ\n¶pw
_mÀfnbpw tKmX¼pw DS-se-Sp-¯p. saIvknt¡m ImSp-I-fnÂ\n¶pw tNmf-hpw,
kvIzmjp-I-fpw, Ipcp-ap-f-Ipw, _o³kpw BZy-ambn ImÀjn-I-hn-f-bmbn Dcp-¯n-cn-
 2

ªp-h-¶p. s]dp-hnse h\m-´-c-§-fnÂ\n¶pw Dcp-f-¡n-g-§pw, A§s\ temI-¯nsâ ]e-`m-K-

§-fnÂ\n¶pw C¶v ImWp¶ ]e ImÀjn-I-hn-f-Ifpw DS-se-Sp-¯p. C¶p ImWp¶ FÃm-
¯cw {]mY-anI ImÀjnI hnf-Ifpw Dcn-¯n-cn-ªp-h-cp-¶Xv Ah-bpsS h\ym-h-Ø-
bn \n¶m-Wv. F¶m C¶v Ch-bn Nne-Xnsâsb-¦nepw h\y-_-Ôp-¡Ä¡v hwi-\miw
kw`-hn¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. Gdn-b-Iqdpw C\-§-fpsS h\y-_-Ôp-¡fpw hwi-\m-i-`o-j-Wn-bn-
em-Wv. h\y-_-Ôp-¡Ä¡v ]cn-Wm-a-¯nsâ ^e-ambn ]e amä-§fpw kw`-hn-¨n-cn-¡mw.
AX-\n-\mÂXs¶ Chsb AI¶ h\y-_-Ôp-¡-sf¶pw ASp¯ h\y-_-Ôp-¡-sf¶pw Ah-bpsS P\n-
X-I-_Ôw (Genetic relatedness) h¨v Äø¢ÄßøߺîßøßAáKá. C¯cw h\y-_-Ôp-¡-sfÃmw
Ht¶m AXn IqSp-Xtem k½À±w (stress) XcWw sN¿m-\p-ff Ignhv t\Sn-b-h-bm-
Wv. AXn hcĨ, shf-f-s¸m-¡w, AXyq-jvWw, AXn-ssiXyw IqSmsX hnhn-[-Xcw
{]Ir-Xn-t£m-`-§fpw DÄs¸-Sp-¶p. Ch ]e-Xcw tcmK-§-sfbpw IoS-§-sfbpw AXn-Po-
hn¡-p-hm-\p-ff Ign-hp-f-f-h-bm-bn-cn-¡pw. ¥ÄáæµÞtá h\y-_-Ôp-¡sf B[p-\nI Irjn-
bn hf-sc-tbsd ©ÉçÏÞ·æM¿áJÞÕáKÄYí..

ÕÏÈÞ¿ßæa ÎÞùß ÕøáK µÞV×ßµ ØÞÙºøcBZ µÃAßæÜ¿áAáçOÞZ ÍfcÕß{µæ{AÞ{á

¢ ÈÞÃcÕß{µZAí dÉÞÇÞÈc¢ ÈWµáKÄÞÏß µÞÃÞ¢. ÕÏWÈÞ¿í ÕÞÝÈÞ¿ÞÏ
ØÞÙºøcJßW æÈÜïáWMÞÆÈJßW Äá¿Bß Îxí ÍfcÕß{ÏáWMÞÆÈJßW Õæø ÈÞ¢
Õ{æø ÉßçKÞA¢ ÈßWAáK ¥ÕØøJßW ØÞOJßµÎÞÏᢠÉßçKÞA¢ ÈßWAáK
d·ÞÎàÃøáæ¿Ïᢠ¦ÆßÕÞØß ÕßÍÞ·B{áæ¿ÏᢠÍfcØáøf ©øMíí ÕøáçJIÄÞYí.
ÉøOøÞ·ÄÎÞÏß §AâGV ©ÉçÏÞ·ßAáK ÕÈcÍfc ÕßÍÕB{áæ¿ ¥ùßÕá¢, ÜÍcÄÏá¢,
©ÉçÏÞ·Õᢠ²øá ÉÀÈÕß×ÏÎÞAßÏßGáIí. ¨ ¥ÕØøJßW ÕÏÈÞGßW ®¢.®Øí.
ØbÞÎßÈÞÅXåùßçØVºîí ËìçI×X (MSSRF) ØÞÎâÙc µV×ßµ è¼ÕèÕÕßÇc
çµdwJßæÜ ·çÕ×µV ÕÏÈÞGßæÜ ¦ÆßÕØßµ{áæ¿ÏᢠÎxᢠ¥ùßæÕÞæ¿Ïá¢
ØÙµøÃçJÞæ¿ÏᢠȿJßÏ ÉÀÈJßW 32 §È¢ µÞGáµÞºîßÜáµ{á¢, 40 §È¢
ÕÈcµâÃáµ{á¢, 50W µâ¿áÄW §ÜÕV·ØØcB{ᢠ¦ÆßÕÞØßµ{ᢠØÞÇÞøà µV×µøá
¢ d·ÞÎàÃøᢠ©ÉçÏ޷ߺîáÕøáKÄÞÏᢠ¥Äßæa ÈßÜÕßÜáU ¥ÕØíŵæ{MxßÏá¢
dÉÄßÉÞÆßAáKá.

Im«p-In-g-§p-Ifnse sshhn--[yw `£y-kp-c-£bv¡v

tIc-f-¯n 32 BZn-hmkn hn`m-K-§Ä Dv F¶mWv IW-¡p-IÄ kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶-
Xv. Bb-Xn-Â Gähpw IqSp-XÂ ]Wnb BZn-hmkn hn`m-K-amWv. Gähpw IqSp-
XÂ P\-kw-Jy-bp-f-fXv hb-\m-«n-em-sW-¶mWv IW-¡p-IÄ kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv
(1,36,062 F®w). Bdv hyXykvX BZn-hmkn hn`m-K-§-fm k¼p-jvS-amWv
hb-\mSv PnÃ. Ah ]Wn-b, ASn-b, Im«p-\m-bv¡³. Ipdn-¨y³, Cucmfn Ipdp-a³, F¶n-
h-cmWv Ch IqSmsX X¨n-\m-S³ aq¸³, ImSÀ, Icnw-]m-e³ F¶o BZn-hmkn hn`m-K-
§-fp-ap-v, BZn-hmkn hn`m-K-§-sf-t¸mse Xs¶ ssPh-k-¼-¯p-sImpw k¼-¶-amWv
hb-\mSv ¼ßÜïæÏBßÜᢠ¥ÕæÏ çÕÕßÇJßW ©ÉæÏÞ·æM¿áJáÕÞX §KáÕæø
 3

ØÞÇߺîßGßÜï.- ¨ è¼ÕØ¢ÌJßæÈAáùߺîíí ¥WÉíæÎX¸ßÜᢠÕßÕø¢ ÜÍßAáKÄííåX-

mcX-tay\ {]No-\-cmb Im«p-\mbv¡ BZn-hmkn hn`m-K-¡m-øn ÈßKÞY. hb-\m-
Sn\p ]pdta tImgn-t¡m-«pw, ae-¸pdw PnÃ-bnepw A§n-§mbn C¡q-«À Dv. \ne-¼qÀ
h\-§-fn ImWp¶ tNme-\m-bv-¡-³, ae-¸pdw PnÃ-bn ImWp¶ ]Xn-\m-bv¡³ IÀ®m-
SI h\-ta-J-e-bn ImWp¶ “tX³Ip-dp-aÀ’’ F¶n-h-scÃmw Xs¶ Im«p-\mbv¡ BZn-
hmkn hn`m-K-¯n-sâ D]-hn-`m-K-am-bn-«mWv ]T-\-§Ä kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. Im«p-
In-g-§p-I-fn (Im«p-Im-¨n-ep-I-fnÂ)Gähpw IqSn-X-se-®s¯ Xncn-¨-dnªv `£y Bh-
iy-¯n-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-¡m-\p-ff Ignhv C¡q-«À¡v am{X-am-Wv.
Im«p-\m-bv¡À Xncn-¨-dnª Dioscorea C\-§Â Xmsg sImSp-¯n-cn-¡p-¶p.

Im«p-In-g-§p-Isf “Ifkv ” F¶ t]cn-emWv Im«p-\m-bv¡À hnfn¨p t]m¶-Xv. 22

Hmfw C\-§Ä Im«p-\m-bv¡À D]-tbm-Kn¨p hcp-¶-Xn “sh®n-I-f-kv” ,“ sl¡vI-f-
kv”, “Ih-e-I-fkv F¶nh \nXy-l-cn-X-h-\-¯nepw BÀ{Z Ce-s¸m-gnbpw h\-§-fnepw
ImWp-¶p. “simUvVn-I-f-kv ”, hc Ce-s¸m-gnbpw h\-§-fnepw “Fsc-I-fkv ” ]pÂta-
Sp-I-fnse ]md-s¡-«p-IÄ¡n-S-bnepw “\qd-I-fkv, \mc-I-f-kv, sl´n-cn-sU-I-fkv ”F¶nh
Xpd¶ h\-{]-tZ--i¯pw “`qPn-I-h-e-I-fkv ” NXp-¸nepw ImWp-¶p. C¯-c-¯n hnhn-[-
bn-\-§sf Xncn-¨-dn-bm³ Im«p-\m-bv¡À Ing-§nsâ 54 kz`mh KpW-§sf B{i-bn-¡p-¶p.
Ch IqSmsX a®nsâ kz`mhpw Ing§v tiJ-cn-¡p¶ Ime-L-«-s¯bpw B{i-bn-¡p¶p. F´n-
t\sd Ing-§p-I-fpsS cq]hpw a®n-\-Sn-bn-ep-sS-bp-ff hfÀ¨-bpsS Znibpw hyXy-kvX-
bn-\-§se Xncn-¨-dn-bm³ C¡q-«À B{ibn¡p¶p.
‘Usbm-kvtIm-dnb’ F¶ P\p-ÊnÂs¸Sp¶ Im«p-In-g-§p-Isf Im«p-\m-bv¡À Bdv
hn`m-K-§-fmbn Xcw Xncn-¨n-cn-¡p¶p. Bbh \qd-sIm-cW, sh®n, slIvslÀam³,
\mc, IhesimÍn, sl´n-cnsU F¶n-h-bm-Wv.

\qd-sIm-cW hn-`m-K-¯n Ggv hnhn-[-bn-\-§Ä C¡q-«À Xncn-¨-dnªv D]-

tbm-Kn-¡p-¶p. Ah ‘\Ã-\pd’ ‘ sIm«p-\qd’‘tN\-sIm-cW’ ‘sl´n-sIm-c-W,’‘sImcW \qd-
sIm-c-W,’ ‘aWÂsIm-cW’ F¶n-h-bmWv CXn sIm«p-\qd HgnsI _m¡n-sbÃmw Xs¶
‘Usbm-kvtIm-dnb s]âm-^nÃ’ F¶ hn`m-K-¯nÂs]-Sp-¶-h-bm-Wv. sIm«p-\q-d-bm-
Is« ‘Usbm-kvsIm-dnb lnkv]nU’ F¶-bn-\-¯nÂs¸-Sp-¶p. \qd-sIm-cW hn`m-K-¯n-ep-
ff FÃm-bn-\-§fpw Cebv¡v H¶nÂIq-Sp-X ]{X-§-fp-f-f-h-bm-Wv. Ch-bn `£-n-
¡m³ cpNn-Iq-Sp-X-ep-ff \qdv (]u-UÀ) IqSp-XÂ Dff C\-¯ns\ \Ã-\qdF¶pw, hnjmwiw
Dff C\-¯ns\ sIm«p-\qd F¶pw t]cp-hn-fn-¡p-¶p. sIm«p-\q-dbv¡v hnjmwiw Ds-¦nepw
Cu Ing-§ns\ I\w Ipd¨v apdn¨v XpWn-bn sI«n Hgp-Ip¶ shf-f-¯n Hcp Znhkw ap-
X cv Znhkw hsc Xmgv¯n sh¨v hnjmwiw Ifªv aªÄ tNÀ¯v Idn-bp--m¡n D]-tbm-
Kn-¡p-¶p. Ing-§n\v GI-tZiw tN\-bpsS BIr-Xnbp-f-f-Xn-\m ‘\q-d-sIm-cW’ hn`-K-
¯nse Hcn-\-¯n\v ‘tN\-sIm-cW’ F¶ t]cpw asäm-cn-\-¯n\v apf-f³ ]¶n-bpsS BIr-Xn-bp-
f-f-Xn-\m CXns\ ‘sl´n-sIm-cW’ F¶pw hnfn-¡p-¶p. ‘sl´n’ F¶m Im«p-\mbv¡ `mj-
bn ]¶n F¶mWv AÀ°w. \qd-sIm-cW hn`m-K-¯nse ‘sImcW’ F¶ A©m-a-s¯-bn-\-
¯n\v Ing-§n \mcp-Iq-Sp-X-ep-f-fXv C¡q-«À {]tXyIw Xncn-¨-dn-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p.
 4

Xmc-X-tay\ Ch¡v cpNn Ipd-hp-f-f-Xn-\mepw \mcp IqSp-X-ep-f-f-Xn-\mepw

aän-\-§Ä e`y-a-Ãm¯ Ah-k-c-¯n am{Xta Ch D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶p-f-fq. ‘\qdsImcW’
hn`m-K¯nse \qd-sIm-cW F¶-bn-\-¯n\v sNdnb Ing§p Bbh ]mda¬ {]tZ-i¯pw ImWp-
¶p. Cu C\-¯n\v {]tXyIw Xncn-¨-dnªv t]cp ÈWµßÏßøßAáKá. ‘\qdsImcW’ hn`m-K-
¯nse Ggm-a-s¯-bn-\-¯ns\ C¡q-«À ‘aWÂsIm-cW’ F¶p t]cp hnfn-¡p¶p. Hcp aoäÀ
apX 3 aoäÀ hsc Ing-§n\v \of-ap-ff Cu C\w aW IeÀ¶ a®n-emWv ImWp-¶-Xv.

cm-as¯ hn`m-K-amb ‘sh®n-I-f-knÂ’ cn-\s¯ C¡q-«À Xncn-¨-dn-ªp-]-tbm-Kn-

¡p-¶p. ‘Utbm-kvtIm-dnb’ ‘lmanÂtSmWn’ F¶ imkv{X-\m-a-¯n-emWv CXv Adn-b-
s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. Cu C\-¯n\v imkv{Xo-b-ambn aän-\-§Ä CsÃ-¦n IqSnbpw Ing-§n\v
\of-Iq-Sp-X-ep-ff C\-¯ns\ ‘Imep-sh®n’ F¶pw \ofw Ipd-hp-f-fC-\-¯ns\ ‘aqU-sh®n
’F¶pw t]cp \ÂIn C¡q-«À `£n-¡p-¶p. XmcXtay\ e`y-X-Ip-d-hm-b-Xn-\m Im«p-
Im-¨n-ep-I-fn Gähpw cpNn-bp-f-f-Xpw Huj-[-Kp-W-ap-f-fXpw Im«p-\m-b-¡À
D]-tbmKn-¨p-h-cp¶p Cu C\-¯n-\-mWv.

‘slIv ’F¶ hn`m-K-¯n ‘slIv ’‘slIvslÀam³’‘slÀam³ ’F¶o aq¶n-\-§sf ChÀ Xncn-

¨-dnªv D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶p. Im«p-Im-¨n-ep-I-fn hwi-\m-i-`o-jWn Gd-dhpw IqSp-
XÂ t\cn-Sp¶ hf-sc-b-[nIw cpNnbpw Btcm-Ky-Zm-b-I-hp-amb Cu C\w C¡q-«À
\n_n-U-h-\-§-fn \n¶pw sNdnb InWÀ Ipgn-¡p-¶ coXn-bn-emWv Ipgn-s¨-Sp-¡m-
dp-f-f-Xv. `qan-¡-Sn-bn-te¡v Hcp aoäÀ apX 3 aoädv hsc Bg-¯n t]mIp¶ \mcnsâ
Aä-¯mWv henb Ing-§p-IÄ ImWp-¶-Xv. Cu C\-¯ns\ ho«p-]-d-¼n \«p-h-fÀ¯m³
Im«p-\m-bv¡À {iaw XpS-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. Ing-§p-I-fpsS F®-¯n-ep-ff hyXym-khpw
cq]-¯n-ep-ff hyXym-k-hp-amWv ‘slIv’ F¶ hn`m-K-¯nÂs¸-«-hsb ap¶n-\-§-fmbn
C¡q-«À Xcw Xncn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶vXv.sk]vXw-_À-þ-H-IvtSm-_À amk-§-fn tiJ-cn-
¨p-]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ asäm-cn-\-amWv ‘ \mc’ hn`m-K-¯nÂs¸-Sp¶ ‘\mc’ ‘\mc-aq-b³’ F¶o
cn-\-§Ä Ing-§p-I-fpsS F®-¯nepw \mcn-sâF®-¯nse Gd-d-Ip-d-¨n-enepw hyXy-
kvXX ]peÀ¯p-¶-tXm-sSm¸w Ch hfÀ¨-sb¯n Im«n \n¶pw tiJ-cn-¡p¶ kok-Wnepw
hyXymkw Dv.

‘Ih-e-simÍn’ hn`m-K-¯n ‘Ih-e-I-fkv’, ‘Gsc-I-fkv’, ‘simUvVn-I-fkv, ’‘`qPn-I-

he’ F¶o \men-\-§-Ä t]cp t]mse-Xs¶ Ing-§nsâ F®-¯nepw h-f-cp¶ Zni-bn-epw cq]-
¯nepw hyXy-kvXX ]peÀ¯p-¶p. Hcp hÀ¤o-I-c-W-im-kv{X-Ú--s\-t]mse Im«p-\m-
bv¡À Cu C\-¯ns\ Xncn-¨-dnªv D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶p.

‘Utbm-kvtIm-dnb _Ä_n-s^d’ F¶-bn\w Im«p-Im-¨n-ens\ ‘sl´n-cnsb’ F¶ t]cn-emWv

Im«p-\m-b-¡À Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶Xv CXn shff Nph¸v F¶o cn\s¯ Xnsâ \nd-¯nsâ ASn-
Øm-\-¯n Xcw Xncn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.
 5

Fgm-as¯ hn`m-K-¯n ‘kmep-I-fkv’ F¶-bn\w ‘Utbmkk-vtIm-dnb

sSmsa³tâmk’ F¶ imkv{X-\m-a-¯n-e-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶-h-bmWv. Ch `£n-¡m-\mbn
C¡q-«À D]-tbmK¡mdn-Ã.

‘\c’ F¶ F«m-as¯ hn`m-K-¯n-ep-ffbn\w Cebv¡v 3 apXÂ 7 hsc ]{X-§-tfm-Sp-

Iq-Sn-b-hbpw Bb-Xnsâ Ing-§v `£ytbmKy-hp-am-Wv.

Im«p-Im-¨n-ep-Isf Ah tiJ-cn-¡p¶ ka-b-¯nsâbpw Ing-§nsâ kz`m-h-Kp-W-¯n-

sâbpw ASn-Øm-\-¯n Xcw Xncn-¨n-cn-¡p¶ Cu hÀ¤o-I-cW imkv{X-im-Jsb ‘F¯-
t\m-Sm-Ivtkm-Wan’ (Ethnotaxonomy)F¶ t]cn-e-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶p. kpØn-c-ambn Cu
ssPh k¼-¯ns\ Im«p-\m-b-¡À D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶ coXn ssPh sshhn[y kwc-£-W-¯n\v
Hcp D¯a DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. Im«p-Im-¨n-ep-Isf Xncn-¨-dn-bm\pw ¥ÕæÏ ti-J-
cn¨v hnjmwiw Xom-sX- ]mIw sNbvXp `-£n-¡m-\p--ff Im«p-\m-bv¡-cpsS ]mc-¼-
cy-A-dn-hns\ kwc-£n-t¡-Xv C¯cw ssPh k¼-¯nsâ \ne-\nÂ]n¶pw ÍfcØáøfÏíAáw
AXy-´m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv.

IqWp-Ifnse sshhn--[yw `£y-kp-c-£bv¡v

temI-¯n 2500-þ ]cw kv]ojn-kp-I-fnÂs¸« -Iq-Wp-IÄ dnt¸mÀ«v sN¿-

s¸-«n-«p-v. F¦nepw AXn hfsc Ipd¨v am{Xta kmam-\-y-P\w D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶p-Åp.
-Iq-Wp-I-sf-¸än IqSp-X Adn-hp-ÅXpw Ah D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶Xpw BZn-hm-kn-I-
fm-Wv. sshhn-[-y-amÀ¶ IqWp-I-fpsS Ie-h-d-bm-Wv \½psS cmPyw. asäm-cn-
S¯pw ImWm³ Ign-bm¯ ]e C\w IqWp-Ifpw Chn-Sps¯ hy-X-y-kvX-amb Bhm-k-h-
y-h-Ø-I-fn ImW-s¸-Sp-¶p.

IqWp-I-fm k¼-¶-amb hb-\m-«n 40-þ-e-[nIw IqWn-\-§sf hnhn[ BZn-

hmkn hn`m-K-¡mÀ `£-W-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶pv F¶-Xm-Wv. Gähpw IqSp-XÂ
IqWn-\-§sf Xncn-¨-dnªv D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶Xv Im«v \mbv¡-cm-Wv. ChÀ 35-þ-e-[nIw
IqWn-\-§Ä `£-W-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶p. Im«p-\m-bv¡À IqWn-\-§Ä¡v "AWsh'
F¶v ]d-bp-¶p. Im«p-\m-bv¡À {][m-\-ambpw IqWp-Isf thÀXn-cn-¡p-¶Xv Ch e`y-
am-Ip¶ Øes¯ B{i-bn-¨m-Wv. ac-¯n ImWp-¶-tXm, ac-¯n-s\mSv tNÀ¶v ImW-s¸-
Sp-¶tXm Bb IqWn-\-§sf "ac-Wsh' F¶p ]d-bp-¶p. `£y-tbm-K-y-a-Ãm¯ IqWp-m-Ip¶
ac-¯nsâ ]pdw-sXm-en¡v Ibv]m-sW-¶n-hÀ ]d-bp-¶p. GI-tZiw 15-þ-Hmfw ac-¡q-
Wp-Isf Im«v\m-bv¡À Ign-¡p-¶p-v. ]pän-t\mSv tNÀ¶v ImW-s¸-Sp¶ IqWns\ "lp¯-
Wsh' F¶n-hÀ ]d-bp-¶p. Ip«n-IÄ s]mepw C¯cw aq¶n-e-[nIw IqWp-Isf Xncn-¨-
dnªv ]¨bv¡v (th-hn-¡m-sX) Ign-¡p-¶p. Im«p-\m-bv¡À, a®n (A-gp-Inb ssPh-h-
kvXp-¡-fnÂ) Hä-bv¡pw, Iq«-ambpw ImW-s¸-Sp¶ IqWn\§sf a-®-W-s-h F¶p ]d-bp-
¶p. GI-tZiw 16-þ-e-[nIw C¯cw IqWp-IÄ AhÀ Ign-¡p-¶p.
 6

Im«p-\m-bv¡À am{Xw Ign-bv¡p¶ IqWn-\-§-fmWv Ac-kv\-Im-e-W-sh, lp¸p-

lq-dn-b-\-W-th, tNmc-I-e-W-sh, tIma-\-W-th, ImbvI-\-W-th, sh©-Kn³ AW-sh, abn-
e-W-th, XpS-§n-b-h.

]Wn-bÀ IqWn-\-§sf Ip½³ F¶p ]d-bp-¶p. GI-tZiw 22-þ-e-[nIw IqWn-\-§Ä

ChÀ Ign-¡p-¶p. ]Wn-bÀ ac-¯n ImWp¶ IqWn-\-§sf ac-¡p-½-s\-¶pw, \ne¯v ImWp-
¶-hsb a®p Ip½-s\¶pw ]d-bp-¶p. GI-tZiw F«p Xc-¯nÂs¸« ac-¡p-½\pw 14 Xc-
¯nÂs¸« a®p Ip½-\p-Ifpw ChÀ Ign-bv¡p-¶p. a®p-Ip-½-\p-I-sf, Ah ØnXn sN¿p¶
hm-kØes¯ ASn-Øm-\-am¡n hf-¡p-½-s\¶pw (h-f-¯n ImWp-¶-Xv) BIr-Xn-bpsS
ASn-Øm-\-¯n A¼v Ip½-s\¶pw (IpS IqÀ¯n-cn-¡p-Ibpw) AXn-t\mSv tNÀ¶v \o X-
pw ImWp¶p) Im¸n ac-¯nepw apcn-¡nepw ImWp¶ ImXnsâ BIr-Xn-bn-epÅ IqWns\
ImXvIp-½³ F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.

Ipdp-aÀ IqWn-\-§sf Iqa³ F¶p ]d-bp-¶p. GI-tZiw 20 C\w IqWp-IÄ ChÀ `£-
W-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶p. Ipdp-aÀ ]pän-t\mSv tNÀ¶v ImWp¶ IqWn-\-§sf ]päv
Iqa-s\¶pw ac-¯n ImWp¶ IqWn-\-§sf ac-¡q-a-s\¶pw hb-en ImWp¶ IqWn-\-§sf
hb Iqa-s\¶pw \ne¯v ImWp¶ IqWn-\-§sf a®p Iqa-s\¶pw ]d-bp-¶p. C\-hÀ am{Xw
Ign-bv¡p¶ IqWn-\-§-fmWv Bavfv Iqa\pw, s\Spw-Xm-fn-Iq-a-\pw.

Ipf-¯n-Ip-½³ (Ipf-¯n-Iq-a³) F¶ DW-§nb XSn-I-jvW-§-fn ImWp¶ IqWn\w

Im«p-\m-bv¡À Ign-bv¡p-¶n-Ã. ]s£, Ch ]Wn-bcpw Ipdp-acpw Ign-bv¡p-¶p. Nocp-
Ip-½³ (Nocp-Iq-a³) F¶ IqWn\w ]Wn-bcpw Ipdp-acpw Ign-bv¡p-¶p. A¼v Ip½³
(A¼v Iqa³) ]Wn-bcpw Ipdp-acpw am{Xw Ign-bv¡p-¶p. C§s\ ChÀ Ign-bv¡p¶
IqWn-\-§sf Xmc-X-a-y-]-T\w \S-¯n-b-t¸mÄ kam-\-Xbpw sshPm-Xyhpw Zri-y-am-
Ip-¶p. sam¯w 40 IqWn-\-§Ä Ds¶v hy-à-am-Ip-¶p. CXv hy-à-am-¡p¶ ]«nI ImWpI

Sl.No Local Name Community using

1 shÅ-Wsh/s]cp-¦m-en-¡p-½³/ s]cp-¦m-enIq-a³
Im«p-\m-bv¡À, Ipdp-aÀ, ]
Wn-bÀ
2 sh-Wsh Im«p-\m-bv¡À
3 aq¡-Wsh Im«p-\m-bv¡À
4 tIme-Wsh Im«p-\m-bv¡À
5 \mbvap-e-A-Wsh/\mbvap-e-¡p-½³/\mbvap- Im«p-\m-bv¡À, Ipdp-aÀ, ]
eIq-a³ Wn-bÀ
6 NpÅnb-Wsh/Xcn-¡p-½³ Im«p-\m-bv¡À, ]Wn-bÀ
7 Im¨n-Ime-Wsh/ac-¡pän-¡p-½³ Im«p-\m-bv¡À, ]Wn-bÀ
8 I«-Wsh (I«-ap--\-Wsh)/ Imb ¡--¡p- Im«p-\m-bv¡À, Ipdp-aÀ, ]
½³/Imb¡--Iq-a³ Wn-bÀ
 7

9 tNmc-Ime-Wsh Im«p-\m-bv¡À
10 sXmd-XmÂA-Wsh Im«p-\m-bv¡À
11 lp¯-Wsh/]päv-¡p-½³/]päv-Iqa³ Im«p-\m-bv¡À, Ipdp-aÀ, ]
Wn-bÀ
12 sam©-Wsh/N¡-¡p-½³/N¡Iqa³ Im«p-\m-bv¡À, Ipdp-aÀ, ]
Wn-bÀ
13 amh-Wsh/am¦p-½³/am¦qa³ Im«p-\m-bv¡À, Ipdp-aÀ, ]
Wn-bÀ
14 Ic-Snb-Wsh/Ic-Sn¡p-½³/ Ic-Sn-Iqa³ Im«p-\m-bv¡À, Ipdp-aÀ, ]
Wn-bÀ
15 Pme-Wsh Im«p-\m-bv¡À
16 tImgn-¡me-Wsh(lm\n-¡-Wsh)/ tImgn-¡me- Im«p-\m-bv¡À, ]Wn-bÀ
¡p-½³/tImgn-¡me-Iqa³
17 sh®-Pme-Wsh Im«p-\m-bv¡À
18 s\ä-Wsh/\m¡p-½³/\m¡qa³ Im«p-\m-bv¡À, Ipdp-aÀ, ]
Wn-bÀ
19 tIma\-Wsh Im«p-\m-bv¡À, Ipdp-aÀ, ]
Wn-bÀ
20 lp¸p-lp-dn-b\Wsh Im«p-\m-bv¡À
21 Imc-Wsh/Imc¡p-½³/Imc-Iqa³ Im«p-\m-bv¡À, Ipdp-aÀ, ]
Wn-bÀ
22 tXcnI-Wsh Im«p-\m-bv¡À
23 ImbvI\-Wsh Im«p-\m-bv¡À
24 ImhÂA-Wsh Im«p-\m-bv¡À
25 ]pÅn-Ip-¯m\-Wsh/ ]p¡p-½³/]pÂ-Iqa³ Im«p-\m-bv¡À, Ipdp-aÀ, ]
Wn-bÀ
26 bm³ shÅn-Iqa³ Ipdp-aÀ
27 tRd A-Wsh/tImÂN«¡p-½³ Im«p-\m-bv¡À, ]Wn-bÀ
28 s]W³ Inhn A-Wsh/ ImXv¡p-½³/ImXv-Iqa³ Im«p-\m-bv¡À, Ipdp-aÀ, ]
Wn-bÀ
29 hf-Wsh (lp®-\-Wsh)/hf¡p-½³/hf-Iqa³ Im«p-\m-bv¡À, Ipdp-aÀ, ]
Wn-bÀ
30 lpÃ-Wsh/D¡p-½³/ D-Iqa³ Im«p-\m-bv¡À, Ipdp-aÀ, ]
Wn-bÀ
31 sh©-Kn A-Wsh Im«p-\m-bv¡À
32 tImXm\Wsh/dºÀ¡p-½³/dºÀ-Iqa³ Im«p-\m-bv¡À, Ipdp-aÀ, ]
Wn-bÀ
33 abne-Wsh Im«p-\m-bv¡À
34 Ackv\ Ime-Wsh Im«p-\m-bv¡À
 8

35 Ipf¯n¡p-½³/ac-¡p-f¯n-Iqa³ (sh-epIvIqa³) ]Wn-bÂ, Ipdp-aÀ

36 A¼v¡p-½³/A¼v-Iqa³ Ipdp-aÀ, ]Wn-bÀ.
37 s\Spw-Xmfn-Iqa³ Ipdp-aÀ
38 D·-\-Wsh/Nocp¡p-½³/Nocp-Iqa³ Ipdp-aÀ, ]Wn-bÀ
39 Bavfv-Iqa³ Ipdp-aÀ-
40 B\-Sn-b³ AWsh (B\-¡m-e³ AWsh)/ Ipdp-aÀ, ]Wn-bÀ, Im«p-\m-
B\-Sn-b³¡p-½³/B\-Sn-b³Iqa³ bv¡À

h\y CehÀ¤ kky-§fnse sshhn--[yw

`£y-kp-c-£bv¡v
h\y `£y sshhn-[y-¯nse Gähpw {][m-\-amb Hcp hn`mKw Ce-¡-dn-I-fm-Wv.
Ce-¡-dn-IÄ \½psS t]mjI {][m-\-amb Blm-c-¯n hln-¡p¶ ]¦v GhÀ¡pw Adn-hp-Å-
Xm-Wv. hnti-jn¨pw kv{XoI-fp-tSbpw Ip«n-I-fp-tSbpw Btcm-Ky-¯n\v AXy-´m-t]-
£nX LS-I-am-Wv Ønc-ambn Ce-¡-dn-IÄ DÄs¸-« `£-Ww. hb-\m-«nse ]Wnb hn`m-
K-¯n s]Sp¶ kv{XoIÄ GI-tZiw 80Â]cw Ce-¡-dn-IÄ Ah-cpsS `£-W-¯n Hcp
Ime¯v DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cp-¶p. Ch-bn-sem¶p t]mepw Irjn sNbvXÃ D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-
¯n-bn-cp-¶-Xv. adn¨v h\y-ambn tiJ-cn-¡-s¸-«-Xm-sW-¶pÅ hkvXpX \s½ AÛp-X-s¸-
Sp-¯pw.

BZn-hmkn hn`m-K-¯nse kv{XoI-fpsS BtcmKy c£-bn \sÃmcp ]¦v hln¨

C¯cw Ce hÀ¤ kky-§Ä C¶v Ah-cpsS ]mÀ¸nS {]tZ-i-§-fn \n¶pw kao] {]tZ-i-§-fnÂ
\n¶pw A{]-Xy-£-ambn sImn-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. ]pIme¯v BgvN-bn Ipdª ]£w 4 Znh-
k-sa-¦nepw Ce-¡-dn-IÄ DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cp¶ Øm\¯v C¶v H¶pw cpw Znh-k-ambn
Npcp-§n-bn-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. C¯cw kky-§Ä kwc-£n-¡-s¸SWsa-¦n Ahsb kw_-Ôn¨
Adnhv FÃm-hÀ¡pw e`y-am-t¡--Xp-v

]c-¼-cm-KX `£W coXn-IÄ¡v A\p-Zn\w {]nbw Ipdªp hcn-I-bm-Wv. C¯cw `£-

W-{Iaw ]g-©-\m-sW-¶pÅ Nn´-bm-Wn-Xn\p apJy Imc-Ww. Ce-¡-dn-I-fnse PohIw
F I®n\v IpfnÀabpw Btcm-Kyhpw \ÂIp-¶p. \mcp-IÄ DZc kw_-Ô-amb Akp-J-§Ä¡v
AXyp-¯-a-am-Wv. Ch-bnse sImgp¸v ico-c-¯n\v XoÀ¯pw \ncp-]-{Z-h-am-Wv.
 9

Zn\w-{]Xn Ce-¡-dn-IÄ `£-W-¯n DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-bm an¡ A]-cym-]vXXm tcmK-§-

fn \n¶pw apàn t\Sm³ Ign-bpw (DZm: F hnäm-an-t\m-kn-kv).

{]IrXnP\y kkyhÀK-§Ä Blm-c-¯n-epÄs¸-Sp-¯p-¶Xp sImp BtcmKy kw]p-jvSo-I-

cWw km[y-am-sW-¶-Xnsâ Xncn-¨-dn-hn-emWv hb-\m-Sn-epÅ BZn-hmkn hn`m-
K-§Ä D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ 50 C\w hnhn[ ]¨n-e- sNSn-Isf Ipdn¨v ChnsS]cm-aÀin-
¡p-¶Xv.

Sl.No. Name of Leafy Greens Community Using

1 Npcpfn ]Wn-b, Im«p-\m-bv¡À, apÉow, Ipdp-aÀ
2 apSp§ N¸v FÃm-hn-`mKw Bfp-Ifpw D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶p.
3 tNmc¨oc ]Wn-b, {InkvX-y³, Im«p-\m-bv¡, apÉow,
lnµp
4 Iq¼n N¸v \nX-y-l-cn-X-h-\-§-fnse ASn-¡m-Sp-I-fnÂ
5 tImgnhme³ N¸v ]Wnb
6 Bf³ N¸v ]Wn-b, Im«p-\m-bv¡
7 apų Noc ]Wn-b, Im«v\m-bv¡, Ipdp-a
8 Ip¸Noc ]Wn-b, Im«p-\m-bv¡, sN«n, Ipdp-aÀ, apÉow,

{InkvX-y³, lnµp
9 Ipdnb³N¸v ]Wn-b, sN«n, Im«p-\mbv¡
10 Icn¦qhfw ]Wn-b, sN«n
11 ]©n¯mfv ]Wn-b
12 Icnapcn¡n³ N¸v apÉow, lnµp, {InkvX-y³, ]Wn-b, Ipdp-a,
sN«n
13 s]m¶m¦®n apÉow, lnµp, {InkvX-y³, ]Wn-b, Ipdp-a,
sN«n
14 ap¯nÄ lnµp, apÉow, {InkvX-y³, ]Wn-b, sN«n, Ipdp-
aÀ
15 hj-f-Noc ]Wn-b, apÉow, {InkvX-y³, lnµp
16 acpaN¸ ]Wn-b, Im«p-\mbv¡
17 sImÃntN¼v ]Wn-b, Im«p-\m-bv¡, lnµp, Ipdp-aÀ, apÉow,
{InkvX-y³
18 hbÂXmfv ]Wn-b, Ipdp-aÀ, Im«p-\m-bv¡, apÉow, lnµp,
{InkvX-y³
19 Icn´mfv ]Wn-b, Ipdp-aÀ, Im«p-\m-bv¡, apÉow, lnµp,
 10

{InkvX-y³
20 Xhc ]Wn-b, Ipdp-aÀ, lnµp, {InkvX-y³, apÉow,
Im«p-\mbv¡
21 Im´mcn N¸v ]Wn-b, Ipdp-aÀ, lnµp, {InkvX-y³, apÉow,
Im«p-\mbv¡
22 shÅacpa ]Wn-b, {InkvX-y³
23 ]\¨Iw ]Wn-b, {InkvX-y³, lnµp, Ipdpa
24 Afnb³ N¸v ]Wnb, {InkvX-y³
25 ]pfnbmcne ]Wnb, Ipdpa
26 apbÂsNhnb³ ]Wn-b
27 XgpXma lnµp
28 l«-¡oc Im«p-\m-bv¡À
29 Im«p]mh (Ibv]¡) ]Wn-b, Ipdp-a, Im«p-\m-bv¡, apÉow, lnµp
30 aq¡n-cn-¨¸v (sNdp ]Wn-b
ISemSn)
31 h³ISemSn ]Wnb
32 ISpIv Noc Im«p-\m-bv¡, ]Wn-b
33 km¼mÀ Noc Im«p-\m-bv¡, ]Wn-b
34 ImbÂIÅn ]Wn-b, Im«p-\m-bv¡, apÉow, lnµp, {InkvX-
y³
35 ac-¡oc Im«v\m-bv¡
36 hbÂNpÅn ]Wn-b, Im«p-\mbv¡
37 sNmdn-bWw lnµp, {InkvX-y³
38 \m¡v \o«n ]Wnb
39 sImgp¸¨oc ]Wn-b
40 IcnapSp§ ]Wn-b, {InkvX-y³
41 ]me³ Noc Im«p-\m-bv¡À
42 ac-tN¼v ]Wn-b
43 ac-¨oc ]Wnb
44 D®n-¯v ]Wnb
45 IogmÀs\Ãn Im«v\m-bv¡
46 Im«p-Xp-hc ]Wnb
47 Xp¼ lnµp, apÉow
48 Ipangv ]Wnb
49 ]m¨oc ]Wnb
50 I¶n-¨¸v Im«p-\m-bv¡À
 11

Îáµ{ßW µÞÃߺî ÉÀÈBZ ØâºßMßAáKÄí {KmaoW BZn-hmkn hn`m-K-§-

fpsS ÍfcØáøf ©ùMÞAÃæÎCßW ÍçfcÞWMÞÆÈ¢ ÕVißMßAáKÄí µâ¿ÞæÄ
ÕÈcÍfcÕßÍÕB{áæ¿ Ø¢øfÃÕá¢, ØáØíÅßøÎÞÏ ©ÉçÏÞ·Õá¢, ¥ÕæÏMxßÏáU ¥ùßÕá¢
ÉÀÈÕßçÇÏÎÞAß ©ÉçÏÞ·æM¿áçJIÄí ¥ÄcÞÕÖcÎÞÃí. ¦ÕÞØÕcÕØíŵ{áæ¿ ÈÞÖÕá
¢, µÞV×ßµçζÜÏßæÜ ¥ÖÞdØñàÏÎÞÏ §¿æÉ¿ÜᢠÉáJX ÄÜÎáùAí è¼ÕØOJßæÈ
dÉçÄcµßºîí ÕÈcÍfcØOJßæÈMxß ¥ùßÏÞÈáU ¦d·ÙÎßÜïÞÏíÎÏᢠÕÈcÍfcØOJßæa
çÖÞ×ÃJßÈí dÉÇÞȵÞøÃB{ÞµáKá. Fw.-F-kv. kzman-\m-Y³ dnkÀ¨v ^ut-j³
(MSSRF), ØÞÎâÙc µV×ßµ è¼ÕèÕÕßÇc çµdw¢hb-\m-«nse BZn-hm-kn-I-fpsS
CS-bn \S-¯nb ]T\w ImWn-¡p-¶Xv GI-tZiw 350-e-[nIw h\y-`£y hn`-h-§sf Blm-c-
h-iy-¯n\v thn Chn-Sps¯ BZn-hmkn {KmaoW hn`m-K-§Ä ]e-hn-[-¯n B{i-bn-¡p-
¶p-s-¶-Xm-Wv. hb-\m-«nse {][m\ BZn-hmkn hn`m-K-§-fmb ]Wn-bÀ, Im«v\m-
bv¡À XpS-§n-b-hÀ C¯-c-¯n-epÅ h\y-`£y hn`-h-§Ä¡v thn ImSv, tXmS-cn-Iv, hbÂ,
sImÃn XpS-§nb Øe-§sf B{i-bn-¡m-dp-v. C¯cw Bhmk hyh-Ø-I-fpsS \miw {]Ir-Xn-
bpsS kwXp-en-Xm-h-Øsb XInSw adn-¡p-¶-tXmsSm¸w taÂ]-dª P\-hn-`m-K-§-fpsS
`£y kpc-£-sbbpw {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-¡p-¶p. C¯cw ssPh k¼-¯ns\ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶
BZn-hmkn hn`m-K-§-fpsS Adnhv kwc-£n-¡-s¸-S-W-sa-¦n C¡q-«À D]-tbm-Kn¨p
ioen¨ ÍÞ×æÏÏᢠÈßÜÈßVçJßÏßøßAáKá. Cu `mj-bpsS timj-Whpw ]p¯³ Xe-apdbv¡v
h\y-hn-`-h-§-tfm-Sp-ff AI¨bpw Cu ssPhk¼-¯nsâ \ne-\n¸ns\ `oXn-Z-amw hn[w
_m[n-¡p¶p. 2001Â \ne-hnÂh¶ s{]m«-£³ Hm^v ¹mâv shssd-äokv Bâ-^mÀtagvkv
ssdäv BIvSv (Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights Act 2001)Cu Im«-
dn-hn-sâbpw Im«p-hn-`-hB{áæ¿bpw kwc-£-W-¯n\v klm-b-I-c-am-hpsa¶v {]Xo-
£n-¡mw.