ABSTRACT

DESIGN OF EARTH FAULT RELAY

Aim:
To design an earth fault relay for protecting the loads when there is a line to ground or
double line to ground fault. The relay will operate and will save the load whenever there is a
fault near the load.
Introduction:
An earth-fault usually involves a partial a partial breakdown of winding insulation to
earth. The resulting leakage current is considerably less than the short circuit current. The
earth-fault may continue for a long time and cause considerable damage before if ultimately
develops into a short circuit and removed from the system under these circumstances, it is
profitable to employ earth fault relay, which is essentially an over current relay of low setting
and operates as soon as an earth-fault or leak develops. This scheme is used for the winding
of the transformer connected in star where the neutral point is either solidly earthed or
earthed through impedance. The relay used is of high impedance type to meet the scheme
stable for external fault
Under healthy condition the resultant current flowing through the secondary grounded
neutral current transformer will be zero. In such a three phase system if one of the three
phases gets grounded or earthed then unbalancing of current occurs, the vector sum of all the
three phases will have certain value. If this value exceeds the set value indicated on the relay,
then the relay actuates and trips the main circuit.
The earth fault can also be measured by connecting a current transformer in the wire
connecting the neutral of the star point to the ground. If there is and earth fault then the
current in this ct will be increased. The output signal from the current transformer is given to
the adc. From the adc the digital output is given to the microcontroller. The controller will
operate the relay then based upon the data given by the adc.
Advantages:
1. High accuracy (microprocessor based)
2. Fault and trip Led indication
3. Wide range of current settings
4. Alarm facility
Applications:
1. Used to protect the transformer in industries
2. Used for protection of induction motors from internal and external faults

HARDWARE USED:
1. AT89s52 Micro Controller
2. Power supply
3. LCD Display
4. ADC0808
5. Relay.
6. Current transformer.






Block diagram: