‫ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬

‫ﺩ‪ /‬ﺩﻋﺎء ﳏﻤﺪ ﺳﻴﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬

‫ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﻭﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺱ‬

‫ﺃﻭﻻ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻗﻊ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﺘﻌﻠﻡ ﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻡ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻭﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻭﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -3‬ﺘﻌﻠــﻡ ﻤﺭﺍﺤــل ﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺘﺤﻠﻴــل ﻭﺘﺼــﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟــﻨﻅﻡ ﻓــﻲ ﻤﺠــﺎل ﻨﻅــﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪:‬‬

‫ﻫﻭ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋـﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼـﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﺘﻔﺎﻋـل ﻤـﻊ ﺒﻌﻀـﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻏﺭﺽ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ -2‬ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪:‬‬

‫ﻤﻔﺭﺩﻫــﺎ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤــﺔ ﻭﺘﺸــﻴﺭ ﺇﻟــﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘــﺎﺌﻕ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﻜــﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘــﻲ ﻴﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﻬــﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓـﻲ ﺤﻴـﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤـﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﺒـﺭ ﻭﺴـﺎﺌل ﺍﻻﺘﺼـﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﻭﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺴــﺎﻥ ﺍﻟــﺫﻱ ﻴﺤﺘــﺎﺝ ﻭﻴﺴــﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤــﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻫــﻭ ﻨﻔﺴــﻪ ﻤﻨــﺘﺞ‬

‫ﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺎﻗل ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪:‬‬

‫ﺁﻟﻴــﺔ ﻭﺇﺠــﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻤﻨﻅﻤــﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﺴــﻤﺢ ﺒﺘﺠﻤﻴــﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺼــﻨﻴﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓــﺭﺯ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴـــﺎﻨﺎﺕ ‪ data‬ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬــﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤــﻥ ﺜــﻡ ﺘﺤﻭﻴﻠﻬــﺎ ﺇﻟــﻰ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤـــﺎﺕ‬
‫‪ information‬ﻴﺴــﺘﺭﺠﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻨﺴــﺎﻥ ﻋﻨــﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠــﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴــﺘﻤﻜﻥ ﻤــﻥ‬
‫ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﻋﻤل ﺃﻭ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‪.‬‬

‫ـﺩﻭﻴﺎﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ـﺎﺕ ﻴـ‬
‫ـﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤـ‬
‫ـﻲ ﻨﻅـ‬
‫ـﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓـ‬
‫ـﺘﺭﺠﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤـ‬
‫ـﺘﻡ ﺍﺴـ‬
‫ـﺩ ﻴـ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻗـ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘــﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴــﺔ ﻫــﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴــﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻨﻅــﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤــﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻭﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﻨﺴﺘﻨﺞ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻫﻭ‪:‬‬

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 ‫ـﻰ‬
‫ـل ﻤﻌـﺎﹰ ﻋﻠـ‬
‫ـﻲ ﺘﻌﻤـ‬
‫ـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘـ‬
‫ـﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻵﻟﻴـ‬
‫ـﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺸـ‬
‫ـﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼـ‬
‫ـﺔ ﻤـ‬
‫" ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋـ‬
‫ﺘﺠﻤﻴــﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨــﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬــﺎ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬــﺎ ﻭﺘﺒﻭﻴﺒﻬــﺎ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻘــﺎﹰ ﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋــﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺠــﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻤﻘﻨﻨــﺔ ﻷﻏــﺭﺍﺽ ﻤﺤــﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺒﻐــﺭﺽ ﺇﺘﺎﺤﺘﻬــﺎ ﻟﻠﺒــﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺼــﺎﻨﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﻘــﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴــﺘﻔﻴﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻵﺨــﺭﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺸــﻜل ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤــﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻭﻤﻔﻴﺩﺓ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ‪.People‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ‪. Hardware‬‬

‫‪ -3‬ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴـــــﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨـــــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴـــــﺔ ﻟﻸﻨﻅﻤـــــﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺒﻴﺔ‪Software‬‬

‫‪ -4‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‪. Data‬‬

‫‪ -5‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ‪.Networks‬‬

‫ﻭﻫــﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼــﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤــﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻀــﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻜﻤــل ﺒﻌﻀــﻬﺎ ﺍﻟــﺒﻌﺽ‬

‫ـل‬
‫ـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻴﺘﻜﺎﻤـ‬
‫ـﺔ ﻓﻌﺎﻟـ‬
‫ـل ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘـ‬
‫ـﺎﻡ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻤـ‬
‫ـل ﺍﻟﻨﻅـ‬
‫ـﻜل ﻴﺠﻌـ‬
‫ـﺭﺍﺒﻁ‪ ،‬ﺒﺸـ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺘـ‬
‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

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