Item Calculation Comment

Item Calculation Comment

1.0

1.1














































Rankine Theory Method

First trial

Unit weight of backfill, = 18kN/m
3

Backfill cohesion, c = 0
Backfill friction angle, = 28

B = 0.5H = 4.0m
D = 2.0m
H= 8.0m

Factor Of Safety Against Overturning

For backfill, = 20, 1 = 28

K
a
= cos




K
a
= cos20




K
a
= 0.940 x


= 0.46

During rainy season, the ground water table is 3m below of
original ground level behind the wall.

Surcharge or 20 kN/m
2



Depth
(m)
Pressure (kN/m)
0 K
a
q = (0.46)(20) 9.2
5 K
a
H
1
= (0.46)(18)(5) 50.6
8 K
a
H
2
= (0.46)(18-9.81)(3) 61.9
















1.2





































Pa = 0.5Ka H
2
= 264.96 kN/m
Pv = Pa sin 20 = 264.96 sin 20 = 90.62 kN/m
Ph = Pa cos 20 = 264.96 cos 20 = 248.98 kN/m

V = 570.64 kN/m
MR = 1274.63 kN.m/m
Mo = Ph (H/3) = 663.95 kN.m/m

FS
overturning
=

= 1.92 < 2 (design failed)

Factor of safety against sliding

Kp D + 2c Kp D
Kp =

= 2.766

Pp = (2.766)(18 9.81)(2) + 2(20)(2)2.766= 178.35
FS = [V tan (k) + B k c + Pp ] / Pa cos
= 1.34 < 1.5 (Design failed)

Factor of safety against bearing capacity

e = B/2 -

= 0.78
B/6 = 0.67
The e cannot be used because the the value is more than B/6.

Rankine Theory Method

Trial 2

B = 0.6H = 4.8m
D = 2.0m
H= 8.0m

Factor Of Safety Against Overturning
K
a
= cos




= 20, 1 = 28
K
a
= cos20




K
a
= 0.9397 x


= 0.46























2.0

2.1




























Depth (m) Pressure (kN/m)
0 K
a
q = (0.46)(20) 9.2
5.95 K
a
H
1
= (0.46)(18)(5.95) 58.47
8.95 K
a
H
2
= (0.46)(18-9.81)(3) 69.77

Pa = 331.62 kN/m
Pv = Pa sin 20 = 331.62 sin 20 = 113.42 kN/m
Ph = Pa cos 20 = 331.62 cos 20 = 311.62kN/m

V = 582.17 kN/m
MR = 1430.34 kN-m/m
Mo = Ph (H/3) = 929.67 kN.m/m

FS
overturning
=

= 1.53 < 2 (Design Failed)

Factor of safety against sliding
Kp D + 2c D

Pp = (2.766)(18 9.81)(2) + 2(20)(2) = 178.35
FS = [V tan (k) + B k c + Pp ] / Pa cos
= 1.34 < 1.5 (design failed)

Factor of safety against bearing capacity

e = B/2 -

= 0.53
B/6 = 0.7

q
toe
=

(1 +

) = 287.95 kN/m
q
heel
=

(1 -

) = 2.01 kN/m

For
2
=26, N
c
= 22.25, N
q
= 11.85, N

= 12.54

q
u
= c N
c
F
cd
F
ci
+ q N
q
F
qd
F
qi
+ B N

F
d
F
i
= 765.54 kN/m
2

FS
bearing capacity
= q
u
/ q
toe
= 2.62 < 3

The factor of safety against bearing capacity failure is insufficient
for this design.


























































Coulomb Theory Method

Trial 1

Factor of safety against overturning

= 20, = 28

K
a
=

)
(

K
a
=

= 0.52

Depth (m) Calculation Pressure
(kN/m)
0 K
a
q = (0.52)(20) 10.44
3 K
a
H
1
= (0.52)(18)(3.0) 38.63
5 K
a
H
2
= (0.52)(18-9.81)(5) 60
Hydrostati
c pressure

w
x 5 49.05

Pa = 83.52+ 42.28 + 140.95 + 53.42 +49.05 = 369.82 kN/m
Pv = Pa sin 19.6 = 369.82 sin 19.6 = 123.85 kN/m
Ph = Pa cos 19.6 = 369.82 cos 19.6 = 347.82 kN/m

No Area
(m)
Concret
e(kN/m
)
Weight/Un
it Length
(kN/m)
Momen
t Arm
(m)
Moment
(kN.m/m)
1 0.5 x 7.5 24 90 1.35 121.5
2 0.5 x 0.5
x 7.5
24 45 1 45
3 0.8 x 4 24 76.8 2 153.6
Pv 123.8 4 495.4
V = 335.6 MR = 815.5


















Mo = Ph (H/3) = 347.82 (8/3) = 927.52 kN.m/m

FS
overturning
=

= 0.88 < 1.5

Factor of safety against sliding

FS = [V tan (k) + B k c + Pp ] / Pa cos

Assume k = k = 2/3
Pp = Kp D + 2c D = 220.196 kN/m

FS = [(335.6) tan (2/3 x 26) + (4)(2/3)(20)+169.97] / 347.82
FS
sliding
= 0.94 < 1.5

The factor of safety against sliding is insufficient for this design.


Factor of safety against bearing capacity

e = B/2 -

e = 4/2 -

= 2.33m


B/6 = 4/6 = 0.666


e > B/6, design failed.

For a cantilever wall, Coulombs Method is not suitable to be used
due to the reasons of factor of safety against overturning, bearing
capacity and sliding failures.














Item

Calculation Comment

3.0 Proposed Design


Factor Of Safety Against Overturning

= 20, 1 = 28

K
a
= cos




K
a
= cos20




K
a
= 0.9397 x


= 0.460





Ka = 0.4605 (From table), = 20, 1 = 28
Pa = 0.5 x 18 x 8
2
x 0.4605 = 265.25
Pv = Pa sin 20 = 265.25 sin 20 = 90.72 kN/m
Ph = Pa cos 20 = 265.25 cos 20 = 249.25 kN/m










2









Depth
(m)
Pressure (kN/m)
0 K
a
q = (0.46)(20) 9.2
4.3 K
a
H
1
= (0.46)(18)(4.3) 44.8
8.5 K
a
H
2
= (0.46)(18-9.81)(4.2) 60.62
















































1
3
0.5m
B = 5.0m
D = 1.5m
0.2m
1.5m
6.5m
3.0m c
0.5m
4
5




H = 8.5m

Mo = Ph (H/3) = 249.25(8.5/3) = 706.21 kN.m/m
FS
overturning
=

= 3.32 > 2

The factor of safety is sufficient to resist overturning of the wall


Factor of safety against sliding
FS = [V tan (k) + B k c + Pp ] / Pa cos

Kp = tan ( 45 + 26/2) = 2.561
Pp = Kp D + 2c D
Pp = (2.561)(18 9.81)(2.5) + 2(20)(1.5)= 161.57 kN/m


FS = [(728.82) tan (2/3 x 28) + (5)(2/3)(20) + 161.57] /249.25
FS = 1.9 > 1.5

The factor of safety against sliding is sufficient for this design


Factor of safety against bearing capacity

e = B/2 -

e = 5/2 -

= 0.25
B/6 = 5/6 = 0.833

Hence, e can be used to calculate q
toe
and q
heel
since the value of e is
less than B/6.
No Area (m) Weight/U
nit
Length
(kN/m)
Moment
Arm (m)
Moment
(kN.m/m)
1 0.5 x 6.5 3.25 78 1.75 136.5
2 0.5 x 0.2 x
6.5
0.65 15.6 1.43 22.308
3 1.5 x 5 7.5 180 2.5 450
4 3 x 6.5 19.5 351 3.5 1228.5
5 0.5 x 3 x 0.5 0.75 13.5 4 54
90.72 5 453.6
V = 728.82 MR = 2344.91

































Let K
1
= K
2

=2/3








q
toe
=

(1 +

)
q
toe
=

(1 +

) = 189.49 kN/m

q
heel
=

(1 -

)
q
heel
=

(1 -

) = 102.03 kN/m

q
u
= c N
c
F
cd
F
ci
+ q N
q
F
qd
F
qi
+ B N

F
d
F
i
For
2
=26,
N
c
= 22.25
N
q
= 11.85
N

= 12.54

q = D = 18 x 1.5 = 27 kN/m
B = B- 2e = 5 2(0.25) = 4.5 m

F
qd =
1 + 2 tan (1- sin)

F
qd =
1 + 2 tan 26 (1- sin 26)

= 1.102

F
cd
= F
qd

F
cd
= 1.102

= 1.111

F
d
= 1
F
ci
= F
qi
= (1- /90)
= tan
-1
(

) = tan
-1
(

) = 18.88

So,
F
ci
= F
qi
= (1- 18.88/90) = 0.62
F
i
= (1- /
2
) = (1- 18.88/20) = 0.00314 0

q
u
= (20 x 22.25 x 1.111 x 0.62) + (27 x 11.85 x 1.102 x 0.62) +
(0.5 x 18 x 4.5 x 12.54 x 1 x 0)

q
u
= 386.52 + 218.6 + 0 = 605.12 kN/m


FS
bearing capacity
= q
u
/ q
toe
= 605.12 /189.49 = 3.19 > 3 (OK)



The factor of safety against bearing capacity failure is sufficient for
this design.