-

Centralized State De-

centralized



-

















Decentralization



--



















Expressed Powers (Enumerated Power)




-


Concurrent Power (Shared Power)




Reserved power





Exclusive Power





Residual Power









-


















-






(Head







-




(Reserved Power)














-
-






-

Up-












Dual




(LayarC Dual

(Spec











(Cooprative
















-


















Cooprative
Federalism




























Decentrali -

-
-
-


(Ronald








Federalism)

































Louis (laboratories of democracy)












































Reserve







(Federal
-

(Centralization)

(Devolutioon)















-



Expressed Powers(Enumerated
Reserved
Exclusive



Enumerated Power-25% = Reserved Power-25%

Federal Government Power-25%=Federal Units Power-25%










Enumerated Power-25%+ Residual Power-25%= Reserved Power-25%

Federal Government Power-50% = Federal Units Power-25%

-

Enumerated Power-25% = Reserved Power-25%+ Residual Power-25%

Federal Government Power-25% = Federal Units Power-50%


(Shared Power



-

Enumerated Power-25%+Residual Power-25%+Concurrent Power-25%=
Reserved Power-25%

Federal Government Power-75% = Federal Units Power-25%

-

Enumerated Power-25%=Reserved Power-25%+Residual Power-25%+
Concurrent Power-25%

Federal Government Power-25% = Federal Units Power-75%




- -



( )



-

-
-























(Self-Determination)





Human Right,
Political
Human Right, Indigenous Right
Administrative
-




(Self-Determination) (Right of Secession)

-
(Indigenous Right)

National
Interest)























Ah Cheik






























(Democratic Consolidat










Choa Theory






(Constitutional

























(

-

-

-
-





- -)
- -

-















(












Upper
Congress)



























-

-


-


-


-


-

-











-



















(Rigid




































Capacity)


Decentralization






(Supremacy of Constituti






(Con




(Supreme






























Decentraliation Process
(Self-Administer
-








--