Oral

Presentations
Four Types of Presentations:
Impromptu-no advanced notice
Extemporaneous-Only notes and an
outline
Scripted
Memorized
Four Types of Audiences
Clients and customers
Colleagues in your organization
Fellow professionals at technical
conferences
The public

Step 1: Analysis
Analyze the speaking situation: How much
does your audience know about the
subject? What are your listeners goals?
What is your purpose-to inform or
persuade, or both?
Step 2: Organization and
Development
Use proper organization and gather the
information you will need.
Step 3: Prepare Presentation
Graphics
Effective graphics are visible, legible,
simple, clear, and correct. Choose the
appropriate technology based on the
speaking situation and the available
resources.
Step 4: Choose Effective
Language
Use language to signal advance
organizers, summaries, and transitions.
Choose memorable language by
involving the audience, referring to
people, and using interesting facts,
figures, and quotations.
Step 5: Rehearse the
Presentation
Rehearse at least three times to make
sure you are comfortable with the
information
Step 6: Deliver the
Presentation
First, calm your nerves. In the
presentation, use your voice effectively.
Maintain eye contact, and use natural
gestures. Dont block the audiences
view of the screen. At the end, politley
solicit questions, and answer them
effectively.
Process of preparing and
delivering an oral presentation
Analyze your audience and purpose
Budget your time
Organize and develop the presentation:
Intro-introduce yourself, state the title, explain the
purpose, state main point, provide advance
organizer
Conclusion-
Announce that you are concluding
Summarize main points
Look to the future
Politely invite questions
Preparing Presentation
Graphics
5 Characteristics of an effective presentation
graphic: presents a well-supported claim, It is
easy to see, It is easy to read, It is simple, It is
correct
About Copyright:
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0e/#722066__752543__
To plan graphics, analyze four aspects of the
speaking situation: length or presentation,
audience aptitude and experience, size and
layout of the room, equipment

Choosing Effective Language
and Rehearsing
Use signals, summaries, and transitions-use
memorable language-involve the audience-
refer to people, not abstractions
Rehearse
First Rehearsal: Just present it with slides and
check for coherence in the presentation
Second Rehearsal: Make sure you are within the
time limit
Third Rehearsal: Try in front of others or a mirror
Deliver the presentation

Delivering the Presentation
CALM DOWN and remember:
You are much more aware of your nervousness
than the audience is
Nervousness gives you energy and enthusiasm
After a few minutes, your nervousness will pass
Three tips to cope:
1. Realize that you are prepared
2. Realize that your audience is there to hear you,
not judge you
3. Realize that your audience is made of individual
people who happen to be sitting in the same
room
If youre still nervous:
Walk around
Go off by yourself for a few minutes
Talk with someone for a few minutes
Take several deep breaths, exhaling
slowly
Using Your Voice Effectively
5 important ways of vocalizing for a
presentation:
1. Volume
2. Speed
3. Pitch
4. Articulation
5. Nonfluencies-
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Using Your Body Effectively
Face an Audience
Maintain eye contact
Use natural gestures
Dont block the audiences view of the
screen
Control the audiences attention
Answering Questions After the
Presentation
Make sure everyone heard the question, if not,
paraphrase for them
If you dont understand the question, ask for
clarification and ask that you have answered it
satisfactorily
If you have already answered the same question
someone is asking earlier in the presentation,
politely answer again, apologizing that you may
not have been clear enough earlier
If you have a hostile audience member who
disagrees with you, offer to discuss the point
further after the presentation
Some Videos for Advice
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gNG
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=InhIE
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HUpI
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sbfa
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