EE 650 - Assignment 2

Q1. (40 marks)

For the following electrical circuit:
a) Find the state space representation. Use the voltage across capacitors 1 and 2 as the state variables. The
output of the system is the voltage across the capacitors. (10 marks)
b) Represent the state space equation found in (a) in the controllable canonical form. (10 marks)
c) Find the controllability matrix Q
c
. Is the system controllable when R
1
= R
2
and C
1
= C
2
? Under what
condition on R
1
, R
2
, C
1
and C
2
will the system be uncontrollable? (5 marks)
d) Assume that R
1
= R
2
= R and C
1
= C
2
= C. Decompose the system into controllable and uncontrol-
lable states. (10 marks)
e) Find the observability matrix Q
o
. Under what condition on R
1
, R
2
, C
1
and C
2
will the system be unob-
servable? (5 marks)
Q2. (10 marks)
For the following electrical circuit nd the state space representation. Let the two states be the voltage V
a
(= x
1
)
across the capacitor C and the current i(= x
2
) through the inductor L. Find controllability matrix Q
c
and
observability matrix Q
o
. Is the system controllable? Is it observable?
Q3. (40 marks)
For the following circuit:
1
a) Find the state space representation. Use the state variables and output as shown in the gure. (10 marks)
b) Find the controllability matrix Q
c
. Under what condition will the system be uncontrollable? (10 marks)
c) Find the observability matrix Q
o
. Under what condition will the system be unobservable? Decompose the
system into observable and unobservable states. (10 marks)
d) Represent the state space equation found in (a) in the controllable canonical form. Assume L = 1H and
C = 2F. (10 marks)
Q4. (10 marks)
If x and y are vectors in an inner product space (assume that the underlying eld is complex), then prove that
x +y
2
+x y
2
= 2x
2
+ 2y
2
2