.

2
2

: +=

(0,0) , 0+0=.

:

6-=3.

6-=3 =6-3. .
.

0,5

-3

- -

194

.:

6-=3 ,
,
(, 6-3).

2 2

1 + 1 = 1

2 + 2 = 2

( ,)

.
:

(3 , -2)

+=1

4 -5 = 22

: 3 2 = 1 , 43 5(-2) =22

:
o
o

- -

195

.:

+ =

:


( , ) .
.

( 0 , 1 ).

- -

196

.:


.
.


.

- -

197

.:

1 :

1.

x + = 1

x + = 2

. (
. 4
...).

,
. .
, .

- -

198

.:

2.

2 x + = 8

2 x 4 = 2

(3 , 2). x = 3 , y = 2.

3.

x + = 4

x =

- -

199

.:

(2 , 2).

4.

3 x + 4 = 12

x = 1

x
y

-4
0

0
3

1
15
4

x = 1
yy xx (-1 , 0).

- -

200

.:

(-1 ,

9
4

).

: -3x + 4y = 12 -3(-1) + 4 9 = 12 12 = 12

x = -1 -1 = -1

2 :

1.

= x 2

= 2 x

( )

- -

201

.:

. (0 , 0 ) , (2 , 4 ) .

- -

202

.:

1. :

3 2 + ( 2 + 2) = (5 + 3 ) + 3

2. :
+ = 1

2 = 2

3. :

2
1
1
=
5
2
2

4
5

= +1

4 5 + 3 = 0

4
= 1
5

4.
:

- -

203

.:

:


:
:

+ 2 = 3

4 -5 = -1

: + 2 = 3 = 3 2

(1)

4( 3 2 ) 5 = -1
12 8 5 = -1 -8 5 = -1 12

-13 = -13 = 1

= 1 (1) = 3 2 = 3-21 = 1
=1 , =1 .
- -

204

.:

1.

2 x 5 y = 2

x + 3 y = 2

1 : x 1

: x + 3y = -2 x = -3y 2

(1)

2 : ( 1 ) , x

3y 2 . :

-2x 5y = 2 -2 (-3y 2) 5y = 2

3 : ( 2 ) , y.

(2)

y . :
-2 (-3y 2) 5y = 2 6y + 4 5y = 2 y = 2 4 y = -2

4 : y
= -2 x . :

x + 3y = -2 x + 3 (-2) = -2 x 6 = -2 x = 4

, (4 , -2).

2.

3 x 4 y = 11

6 x + 2 y = 3

1 :

1 .

y.
: 6x + 2y = -3 2y = -3 6x

y=

- -

6 x 3
2

(1)

205

.:

2 3 : ( 1 ) .
:

3x 4

6 x 3
= 11
2

3x 4y = 11

15x = 11 6 15x = 5

x=

4 :

5 1
=
15 3

x=

6x + 2y = -3

1
6 + 2 y = 3
3

3x 2 (-6x 3) = 11 3x + 12x + 6 = 11

1
3

2 + 2y = -3 2y = -5

y=

5
2

1 5
, .
3 2

3.

2x 3 y = 7

4 x + 6 y = 4

x. :
2x 3y = 7 2x = 3y + 7

x=

3y + 7
2

(1)

( 1 ) :

-4x + 6y = -4

3y + 7
+ 6 y = 4
2

-2 (3y + 7) + 6y = -4 -6y 14 + 6y = -4

-6y + 6y = 14 4 0 y = 10
.

- -

206

.:

4.

5 x + 2 y = 3

10 x 4 y = 6

y , :
-5x + 2y = 3 2y = 5x + 3

y=

5x + 3
2

(1)

( 1 ) :
10x 4y = -6

10 x 4

5x + 3
= 6
2

10x 2 (5x + 3) = -6 10x 10x 6 = -6

0x=0
x , .
x ( 1 )
y. (x , y) ().

.
.

:
:

+ 2 = 3
4 -5 = -1

- -

207

.:

.
.

4.

+ 2 = 3

(-4)

-4 + -8 = -12

4 -5 = -1

4 -5 = -1

: -4 + -8 + 4 -5 = -12 1

-13 = -13 = 1.

= 1 .

4 -5 = -1 4 51 = -1 4 = 5 1 4 = 4 = 1.

=1 , =1 .

1.

:
i)

2 x + 5 y = 1

3 x + 7 y = 13

, ii)

3 x + 2 = 25

5 x + = 45

i)
3 2 :
3 2x + 5 y = 1
2 3 x + 7 y = 13

6 x + 15 y = 3

6 x + 24 y = 26

- -

208

.:

29y = 29 ,
y = 1.
1 y = 1 2x + 5 = 1 2x = -4

x = -2 .
(x , y) = (-2 , 1).

ii)
5 3 :

3 x + 2 = 25

5 x + = 45

15 x + 10 = 125

15 x + 3 = 135

, :

-15x + 10 + 15x + 3 = 125 + 135 10 + 3 = 260 13 = 260

= 20.

5x + = 45 = 20 , 5x + 20 = 45
5x = 45 20 x = 5.

(5 , 20).
2. 4 ( x 2 )

3 y = ( 2 x 1)

5 x ( y + 2 )

2
2
= ( y 1) 2 y + 3
2

( )2 = 2 2 + 2 , :

4 ( x 2 ) 3 y = ( 2 x 1)
2

5 x ( y + 2 )

2
= ( y 1) 2 y 2 + 3
2

4 ( x 2 4 x + 4 ) 3 y = ( 4 x 2 4 x + 1)

2
2
2
5 x ( y + 4 y + 4 ) = ( y 2 y + 1) 2 y + 3

- -

209

.:

5 x y 2 4 y 4 = y 2 2 y + 1 2 y 2 + 3
4 x 2 16 x + 16 3 y = 4 x 2 4 x + 1

5 x y 2 4 y y 2 + 2 y + 2 y 2 = 4 + 1 + 3

12 x 3 y = 15 (+2)

5 x 2 y = 8
(3)

4 x 2 16 x 3 y 4 x 2 + 4 x = 16 + 1

12 x 3 y = 15
(1)
5 x 2 y = 8

24 x 6 y = 30
15 x + 6 y = 24

-2x 6y + 15x + 6y = -30 24 -9x = -54 x = 6

( 1 ) x = 6 :

-5x 2y = 8 -5 6 2y = 8 2y = -38 y = -19

(6 , -19).

3.

1 1

+ = 5
x y

1 1
= 1

x y

, x 0 y 0.

.
,

1
=a
x

1
=
y

, :

+=5
=1
.
- -

210

.:

, 2 = 6 = 3.
3 + = 5 = 5 3 = 2.
:
1
=3
x

1
=2
y

( )

x=

1
3

y=

1
2

( x, y ) = 1 , 1 .
3 2

4.

x 2 + y 2 = 13

x 2 y 2 = 5

. ,

x2 = y2 = 0 0 , :
+ = 13

=5

2 = 13 + 5 2 = 18 = 9

+ = 13 = 13 9 = 4. :

x2 = 9 y2 = 4
:
(x = 3 x = -3) (y = 2 y = -2)
(x , y) = (3 , 2) , (x , y) = (3 ,
-2) , (x , y) = (-3 , 2) (x , y) = (-3 , -2).

- -

211

.:

7 x + 3 y = 2

5 x 2 y =4

5.

x = 0

y = 0

:
5 2 = 4 (+3)
7 + 3 = 2 (+2)

15 6 = 12
14 + 6 = 4

:
15 6 14 +6 = 12 4 = 8

= 8 5 2 = 4 :
5 8 2 = 4 -2 = -36 = 18

:
x =

x =8

y =

y = 18

( x)

= 82

( y)

= 182

x = 64

y = 324

, (64 , 324).

- -

212

.:

6. :

x + y = 3

xy = 2

x 2 3 y = 16

x y=2

) ,

. .

y y = 3 x

xy = 2 x(3 x) = 2 3x x2 = 2 x2 3x + 2 = 0

(1)

(1) = (-3)2 4 2 = 9 8 = 1 ,
x1 =

3 +1
=2
2

x2 =

3 1
=1
2

y = 3 x x = 2 y = 3 2 = 1 x = 1

y = 3 1 = 2. (x , y) = (2 ,
1) (x , y) = (1 , 2).

) .

y y = x 2 . y

x2 3y =16 x2 3(x 2) = 16 x2 3x + 6 16 = 0 x2 3x 10 = 0
= (-3)2 4 (-10) = 49.
:

x1 =

3+ 7
=5
2

x2 =

37
= 2
2

x = 5 y = x 2 = 3 x = -2 y = x 2 = -2 2 = -4.
(x , y) = (5 , 3) (x , y) = (-2 ,-4).
- -

213

.:

.
1 + 1 = 1
2 + 2 = 2

D=

1
2

1
= 1 2 2 1
2

D =

1
2

1
= 1 2 2 1
2

D =

1 1
= 1 2 2 1
2 2

D 0

D
Dx
, =
D
D

D = 0 D = 0 , D = 0

( 1=2=1=2=0 10 20

)

D = 0 D 0 D 0

:
:

+ 2 = 3

4 -5 = -1

D , D , D

D=

= 1 (5) 4 2 = 5 8 = 13

4 5

D =

D =

1 5
1

4 1

= 3 (5) (1) 2 = 15 + 2 = 13

= 1 (1) 3 4 = 1 12 = 13

D 0

- -

D 13
Dx 13
=
=1 , =
=
=1
D 13
D 13

214

.:

:

( 1) x + y = 2
,

x + ( 1) y = 2

I)

II)

(x0,y0) x0 4+ y0 2=2, .

)
D=

1 1
= ( 1)2 1 = ( 11)( 1+1) = ( 2)
1 1

Dx =

Dy =

1 2
1

= 2( 1) 2 = 2 4 = 2( 2)
= 2( 1) 2 = 2 4 = 2( 2)

D 0 0 2

D 2( 2) 2
Dx 2( 2) 2
=
= , y0 = y =
=
D ( 2)
D ( 2)
2 2
(x0 , y0 ) = ( , )

= 0, D = 0, Dx = 4 0,

x0 =

= 2, D = 0, Dx = 0 = Dy ,
x + y = 2 x = 2 y
= 2 ()

y =
x
+
y
=
2
x
+
y
=
2

(x, y) = (2 , )
)
2
2
16 4
x04 + y02 = 2 ( )4 + ( )2 = 2 4 + 2 = 2 16 + 42 = 24

2
8 + 2 = 2 8 = 0. = 2 0

2 2 8 = 0 = 2 . = 4 2 = 4 = 2 = 2 ( = 2 . D 0)
- -

215

.:

:
.

-=
+=

,,R
.

+=
+=

,.R

. +=
+=

Dx2+D2+D2=0

ii.

Dx0

iv. ==0

+0=
+0= 0

i.

iii. D=0

D=0

. D=Dx=D=0 0

. D0

, )

. D=0 Dx0 D0

. D=Dx=D=0

- -

216

.:

1. :

13

-2

2. :

-1

=0

3. :

2 + = 4

+ 2 = 2

4.

2 + = 1

+ =

i)
ii) ;

- -

217

5.

.:

2x 5 = 9

4x + =

) .

6.

( + ) x + ( 2 3) =

( ) x + ( 5 ) = 2

.
7.
x ( 1) + 1 = 0 4x + 3 + 2 = 0 ) )
.

8. 1: (2-1)-y= 2: (-1)+y=2-2 :
; ; ;

9.

3a + 5 = 7
5 4 = 3

() :

()

3 x 3 + 5 y + 4 = 7
( 1 ) :
5 x 3 4 y + 4 = 3

5
3
+
x 7 y + 3 = 7

( 2 ) :
5 4 = 3
x 7 y + 3

(3 ) : { 3 x + 5 y 7 + 5 x 4 y + 3 = 0

10. :
( 2 a + 3 11) x + 3a 2 + 3 = 0 , .

1001 .

- -

218

11.

.:

y
x 1
2x = 1

2
3
2(1 + y ) + 3 = 3( x 2 ) + 2 y

12.

) (x0 ,

y0 )

() ,

: x0 + 2 y0 = 1

2x + y = 4
(
)
:
,

) :
2

x
2
y

+
=

2 x 3 y = 11
(
)
:

13.
x, y
x + 5y = 7 +
.

) D , Dx D y ().

) () ,
.

) = 2 ,

14.

x 12 y = 15
(

)
:

2 x, y
x + y = 3

) D , Dx D y ().

) () ,

.
) ,
()
:y = 167 x 1 .

- -

219

15.

.:

x, y

( )

, :
2 Dx + 3D y = D

4 Dx + 7 D y = 11D

( ) .

16.

x, y

( )

D 2 + D x + 10 + 2D y 8 = 0 .

1.

x, y

1.

2.

3.

x, y

10

x, y

40

x, y

20

x = y

y = 10 x

y = 20 x

2 y + 6 = x

x y = 0

xy = 10

x y = 0
2
y 40 = 0

3.

- -

220

2.

.:

x, y * :

1 y

) x y

40 .

) )

x = y (2 x + 1) + ( 3 y 5)

5 x 1 y = 40
5

3.

A(2, 4)

B (1, 3) .

4.

7x 3y = 4 .

) .

(1, 1) .

) .

5.

2x 1
3
2

5x + 1
3

- -

1
1 x

3
2

0
x

221

6.

.:

1 : y x = 2

x +1

2 : y + 4 = 2x .

1 // 2

= x2

7.

8.

x 3 y = 4

x y = 3

9.

x y = 2

2 x 2 y =

y
x 1
2x = 1

2
3
2(1 + y ) + 3 = 3( x 2 ) + 2 y

10.

) :

x y = 3

x + y = 2

) (x0 ,

y0 )

2 x0 + 3 y 0 9

11.

- -

x + y = + 1

x + y = 2

222

12.

.:

()

x, y

:
2 D x + 3D y = D

4 D x + 7 D y = 11D

x, y .

).

13.

D 2 + D x2 + D y2 = 2 D 6 D x + 4 D y 14

14.

22

() : 3a + 5 = 7
5 4 = 3

()

5
3
x 7 + y + 3 = 7

( 2 ) :
5 4 = 3
x 7 y + 3

3 x 3 + 5 y + 4 = 7
( 1 ) :
5 x 3 4 y + 4 = 3

( 3 ) : { 3x + 5 y 7 + 5 x 4 y + 3 = 0

15.

x + y + z = 2
y + z +t = 5
( 1 ) :
z + t + x = 3
t + x + y = 8

xy = 2

( 2 ) : yt = 1
tx = 8

16.

5( x + y ) + 2 xy = 92
( 3 ) :
3( x + y ) xy = 9

- -

x + y = 10
( 1 ) :
xy = 21

x 2 + y 2 = 58
( 2 ) :
xy = 21

223

17.

.:

1 (-1,0) (0,2)
2 (0,-1) 450.
1 2
.

18.

+= , 0
(1,1) (-1,5)

19.

18

: 10

5 . 135

,

20.

,
(-2,1) (10,10) (-5,5) (10,-2) .
.

- -

224