Name:

Chapter 4 Section 1 Outline

Population Ecology: Population Dynamics

I. Population Characteristics
A. Population density
The number of organisms per unit area is the ____ __________

B. Spatial distribution
____dispersion______ is the spacing pattern of a population

Can be _uniform clump groups_____ _______, or __random_____

Pattern primarily driven by resources such as food






Uniform Random Clumped

C. Population ranges
A species range is its __distribution_______________ across the
environment.

A species might not be able to expand its population range because it
cannot survive the ____abiotic___ ___conditions________ found in the
expanded region.

II. Population-Limiting Factors
Limiting factors are __abitioc____ or __biotic_____ forces that keep populations
from increasing indefinitely.

Limiting factors are either ______density independent______________ or
____density dependent ______________.

A. Density-independent factors
Any factor in the environment that does not depend on the number of
members in a population per unit area is a ______density independent
factor ___________________

Usually abiotic and include:
Weather events
fire
Human alterations
Air, land, and water pollution

B. Density-dependent factors
Any factor in the environment that depend on the number of members in
a population per unit area is a _____density dependent factor
_____________________

Often biotic, and include:
parasites
algae
predation
bacteria

C. Population growth rate
The _____population growth rate___________ _______ ______ (PGR)
explains how fast a given population grows.

Natality: birthrate of a population in a given year

_____emigration_______: number of individuals moving away
from a population
_____________: immigration
number of individuals moving into a population

Exponential growth model:

Occurs when growth rate is ____proportional__________ to
population size

All populations grow exponentially until they encounter a
________limiting factor____ ____________








lag time exponential growth

Logistic growth model:
Occurs when a populations growth _slows____________ or
_________stops____ following exponential growth

A population stops increasing when the _numbers___________ _of_
____births____ number of deaths, or when
_____emigration_________ __immigration________________



carrying
capacity


lag phase S-curve

Carrying capacity
____carrying___________ _____capacity____________ is the
maximum number of individuals in a species that an environment can
support