Addition without

carrying to 20
e.g.1.
Up 11, up 5.
- Up 11:
*up 1 at Tens
*up 1 at Ones.
- Up 5:
*up 5 at Ones.
- Its 16.
e.g.2.
Up 7, up 12.
- Up 7:
*up 7 at Ones.
- Up 12:
* up 1 at Tens
* up 2 at Ones
Its 19.

e.g.3.
5 + 13 =
- 5, up 5
- Plus 13, up 13.
- Equals 18.
e.g.4.
17 + 1 =
- 17, up 17.
- Plus 1, up 1.
- Equals 18.

Pool 5 addition
to 20.
e.g.1
Up 12, up 3.
- up 12.
- Up 3;
insufficient
lower beads.
Think! Who
is the little
friend of 3?
Its 2.
So, up 5,
down 2.
Its 15.

e.g.2.
4 + 12 =
- 4, up 4.
- Plus 12, up 12;
Insufficient
lower beads.
Think! Who
is the little
friend of 2?
Its 3.
So, up 1 at
Tens, up 5,
down 1.
Equals 16.