16

V( %&PQ&Y(&X 1900 - 1930 ( QEW&)VX )

257
258
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259
16. 1900-
1930 ( )
Y EU\)&X(VT(XWVX
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Y PJO(XWVX
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lE RFK s KAO MF RNT qOv RNT qA DIN PLZ NT qN Js -
LNT, RN 1914, RE JEZ V PE F rE OZ N CNQ RFQ PRA HE OX RF -
RAQ IAG @O eG PE F rE OZ N CNQ RVK LE D@ JVK Ou ME VK. <
E rG R@ eTK PF RVK DE DN KX RVK u RAK OA DCAZ A. k ;T -
OV rAZ NQ EZ eE LrEG PRFK rE OZ N CN RFQ A BE BAG X RF RAQ,
RA Pt KN OA RNT rN JG RG INt e@O RF RFQ ;T Ov rFQ LE RA -
B@J JN KRAK, F NG IN KN LG Iu G PNO ON rZ A IAG RA LE D@ JA
IA K@ JG A RFQ CG E HKNtQ E rG ING KV KZ AQ IA RA PROs SN -
KRAK. < CG @O IEG A IAG F PIJF OX RF RA RNT rN Js LNT
uRAK rOV RN SA KuQ IAG A B@ PRA eRF. k rX JE LNQ AT -
RXQ, rNT EZ eE AO eZ PEG LE RFK rONNrRGIu X RG HA RE -
JEZ V KE PE JZ DEQ LX KN EB CN L@ CEQ, CG uO IE PE RsP PE -
OA N JX IJF OA eOX KG A IAG rA Os PT OE PRF CZ KF RNT
PeE CXK X JEQ RGQ ev OEQ RFQ ;T Ov rFQ, RFK = A rV KZ A
IAG RGQ < qh.
qA O@J JF JA LE RFK bING KV KZ A RFQ L@ ]AQ c IAG RA
E HKG IG PRG I@ IAG A rN JT RAO eG I@ PT PRu LA RA, rNT
ECOAG v KN KRAK X JN IAG rE OGP PX RE ON, LE RFK k IRV -
BOG A Ku E rA K@ PRA PF RNT 1917 PRF >V PZ A RVK
mNBGsR @O eG PE KA A KA rRtP PE RAG F PN PG A JG PRG Iu G CE -
N JN DZ A, rNT E rF Os A PE DG A rNJ JsQ CE IA E RZ EQ RN rA -
DIX PLG N rN JG RG IX IAG ING KV KG IN NG IN KN LG IX PIF KG IX.
mRN Rs JNQ RNT rN Js LNT CEK T ruO eE rJs NK E rG -
PRON Su PRFK rON rN JE LG Iu IA R@ PRA PF. :E DEK Ku -
HF IE s KAQ EG OF KG IXQ IAG A CEJ SN rNG F Ls KNQ IX PLNQ
AJ J@, MAS KG I@, s KAQ IX PLNQ IAG KNt OG NQ. nN RN rZ N
RNT rN JG RG PLNt EZ eE AJ J@ MEG A KE rG PROE rRZ, IA HvQ
260
rON eV ONt PE F IA R@O OET PF RVK A MG vK RNT 19NT AG -
v KA. w RAK F E rN eu RNT ROs KNT IAG RNT AT RN IG Ku -
RNT. nN 1919 F rA OA DV Du RFQ AT RN IG KF RN BG N LF eA -
KZ AQ ?NO KR EZ eE ME rE O@ PEG RN s KA E IA RNL Lt OG N AT -
RN IZ KF RA. nN 1920 s DG KE F rOv RF A E ON rN OG Iu PtK -
CE PF >v LFQ - nX IG N. < A KA I@ JT ^F RFQ HE V OZ AQ RFQ
PeE RG IX RF RAQ A rX RNK hUKPR@GK, F DsK KF PF RFQ ^T -
eA K@ JT PFQ IAG F EO LF KEZ A RVK N KEZ OVK A rX RNK
?OXG KR u CF A rX RNK rON F DNt LE KN AG v KA, F EO LF -
KEZ A RFQ IOZ PFQ RFQ CT RG IuQ ING KV KZ AQ A rX RNK jZ -
RPE, AJ J@ IAG NG HE V OZ EQ DG A RGQ Ks EQ LNO SsQ NO D@ -
KV PFQ RFQ ING KV KZ AQ RNT lAO M HE LE JZ V PAK RGQ Ks -
EQ Pes PEGQ RNT A RX LNT LE RFK ING KV KG Iu N L@ CA IAG
LE RFK rOAD LA RG IX RF RA DE KG IX RE OA.
mRFK Rse KF, A rX RA RE JET RAZ A eOX KG A RNT 19NT
AG v KA IAG LE R@ RNK = LrOE PG N KG PLX, CF LG NTO Du HF -
IAK NG rONWrN Hs PEGQ DG A RFK Rse KF RNT 20Nt AG v KA.
`t OV PRN 1910, RNK EK HNT PG A PLX DG A RF BG N LF -
eA KG Iu rOX N CN CG A Cs eRF IE F PT KEG CF RN rNZ F PF RFQ
bh rX RA ROG @ KRA RE JET RAZ A eOX KG A RNT 19NT AG v KA Ls -
eOG RGQ AO esQ RNT 20Nt, _RA E rG PRF LN KG I@ PT Ks COG A,
F RE O@ PRG A BG N LF eA KG Iu v HF PF, NG LE D@ JEQ rA DIX PLG -
EQ EI Hs PEGQ, NG Pu OAD DEQ, NG E ME OET Ku PEGQ u RAK PF -
LAZ EQ rNT RGQ A KA PR@ RV KE N NO LF RG IXQ @ KE LNQ RFQ
rON X CNT. < IA R@ IRF PF RFQ ET RT eZ AQ CG @ Ls PNT RFQ
REe KG IuQ s DG KE s RPG RN rG N PZ DNT ON PtK HF LA, rNT
PIXO rG PE r@ KV PRF JAUIu CT PA Os PIEG A RFK ET SN OZ A
LG AQ rON N rRG IuQ ET F LE OZ AQ IAG EG Ou KFQ.... hJ J@ Nt RE
IAG RN HE RG IG PRG IX IZ KF LA IA RXO HV PE KA PIE r@ PEG RGQ
A KRG Hs PEGQ rNT Sv JG A ]AK PRNTQ IXJ rNTQ RFQ ET OV -
rAUIuQ ING KV KZ AQ IAG rNT Pt KRN LA HA N CF DNt PAK
PRFK AG LA RN eT PZ A RNT rOv RNT rA DIX PLG NT rX JE LNT.
?G JX PN SNG, PTD DOA SEZQ, IAJ JG Rse KEQ AGP H@ KN KRAK
uCF, LE RFK ET AGP HF PZ A RFQ ^T euQ RNTQ, RFK F ev RVK
rOv RVK T rX DEG VK IJN KG PLvK rNT rON A Ks IONT AK RFK
AK HOv rG KF IA RA PRON Suc.
l@ OG N jRE lG Is JG, $ $ "%
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IAG PRF ]V u F E KRA RG IN rNZ F PF RFQ rA OA DV DuQ, IAG
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RFQ IAJ JG REe KG IuQ rOV RN rN OZ AQ, rNT PIX rET AK
PRFK AJ JA Du RVK PRX eVK RFQ Rse KFQ. mG D@ - PG D@ NG
IAJ JG Rse KEQ rON Pr@ HF PAK KA LE RA Ss ONTK LE rA -
ONO LF RG IX u IAG LE E rG HE RG IX ROX rN RF Pes PF RFQ
rOAD LA RG IX RF RAQ IAG RNT A RX LNT. mRFK rON Pr@ HEG -
@ RNTQ KA E rG ING KV Ku PNTK Ls PA A rX RFK Rse KF IAG
KA LE RA Ss ONTK RFK A KA ]u RF PF RFQ A Ju HEG AQ PRA
sO DA RNTQ rEG OA LA RZ PRF IAK LE RFK s IOF MF RNT
eOv LA RNQ (?V BG PLXQ) IAG LE RF Ct KA LF RFQ sI SOA -
PFQ (;M rOE PG N KG PLXQ), LE RFK A KA ]u RF PF RFQ PTK -
HE RG IuQ R@ MFQ rs OA A rX RFK A KA rA OA PRA RG Iu rG -
PRX RF RA (gT BG PLXQ), LE RFK E JET HE OZ A RNT IAJ JG -
Rse KF KA TG N HE Ru PEG LG A E KRE JvQ rON PV rG Iu DOA Su
IAG RN CG IAZ V LA KA A KA IA Jt rREG LNO SsQ, rNT, A rN -
CE PLET Ls KEQ A rX RFK A KA rA O@ PRA PF, KA A rET Ht -
KN KRAG PRN KNT IAG PRF SA KRA PZ A RNT HE A Ru (h SAZ -
OE PF).
`G A RFK G PRN OZ A RFQ lN KRsO KAQ nse KFQ rOs rEG
rOv RA A rX X JA KA IA RA KN u PNT LE X RG N IAJ JG Rse KFQ
RNT 20Nt AG v KA REZ KEG X JN IAG rE OGP PX RE ON rONQ RN
JG DX RE ON rON SA KsQ, rONQ RN JG DX RE ON ET CG @ IOG RN.
h KA ROs eN KRAQ DG A rOX RT rA X eG rG A PRF CT RG Iu Rs -
eKF AJ J@ PRFK rOV RX DN KF u PRFK A KE rG Ru CET RF
Rse KF RVK rAG CG vK, A KA ]F R@ CT KA RX RE OEQ PT DIG Ku -
PEGQ IAG Ks NTQ ROX rNTQ sI SOA PFQ, s MV A rX RGQ
PRA HE OsQ A MZ EQ IAG RA CE CN Ls KA RNT ET OV rAUINt
CT RG INt rN JG RG PLNt. :EK EZ KAG Et IN JN DG A s KA ]V -
DO@ SN KA A rN rNG F HEZ RF PeE CG A PRG Iu RNT CEG KX RF -
RA u KA A KRG PRA HEZ PRFK E rG HT LZ A KA ]V DOA SZ PEG RA
rO@D LA RA bX LNO SAc. < rE OZ rRV PF RNT qG I@ PN,
EKXQ ]V DO@ SNT rNT A rX rAG CZ LrN ONt PE LE LE D@ -
JF ET es OEG A KA ]V DOA SZ ]EG N RG Cu rN RE, EZ KAG eA OA -
IRF OG PRG Iu : A KA ]u RF PE PRFK A SOG IA KG Iu Rse KF RF
PeE CG A PRG Iu ROA et RF RA, A SAZ OE PE A rX RF ]V DOA SG -
Iu RNT I@ HE Ze KNQ PT KAGP HF LA RG PLNt, v PrNT s SRA -
PE PRNK gT BG PLX, s KAK ROX rN sI SOA PFQ rNT, PAK
N rRG IXQ DOZ SNQ, A KA rA OG PR@ RA rO@D LA RA PrA PLs -
KA PE eZ JG A INL L@ RG A.
;Z KAG PF LA KRG IX KA DZ KEG A KRG JF rRX X RG N IAJ JG -
Rse KFQ I@ KEG PT KEG CF RsQ E rG JN DsQ IAG EZ KAG s KAQ @K -
261
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AT RuK EI SO@ ]EG RGQ A KF PT eZ EQ, RGQ rONP CN IZ EQ IAG
RGQ EJ rZ CEQ, Hs REG E OV Ru LA RA IAG A KA rRtP PEG RNTQ
rON BJF LA RG PLNtQ rNT A KRG JAL B@ KE RAG VQ Cs IRFQ
RNT ET Ot RE ONT ING KV KG INt PT KX JNT PRN N rNZ N A Ku -
IEG. `G A KA IA RA KN u PNT LE RF lN KRsO KA nse KF, rOs -
rEG KA E LrG PRET RNt LE RNK IAJ JG Rse KF IAG KA A Su -
PNT LE KA LAQ CEZ MEG RA rO@D LA RA LE RN CG IX RNT
ROX rN.
mRFK pI HE PF RNT qA OG PG Nt, RN ?HG KX rV ON RNT
1905, PE LG A A rX RGQ AZ HNT PEQ EI Hs REG LG A N L@ CA
rOV RN EL SA KG ]X LE KVK ]V DO@ SVK. h K@ LE P@ RNTQ EZ -
KAG N lA RZQ (h. lA4 +33'), 0 jRE OAZK (A.D'2#+/) IAG
@J JNG. nA sO DA RNTQ EZ KAG s KA eOV LA RG IX rT ON Rse -
KF LA IAG X JA LA ]Z LNG @ ]NTK LE LG A JA LrE Ou rOX -
IJF PF A rs KA KRG PE X,RG u RAK A IX LF IA RE PRF Ls KN
PRFK Rse KF.
nNK k IRv BOG N RNT 1903, LE R@ RFK EZ CF PF RNT HA K@ -
RNT RNT `IV DIsK, N ]V DO@ SNQ lV OZQ jRE KZ CF LN PZ ET -
PE s KA @O HON LE RZR JN : b< E rZ COA PF RNT qVJ `IV -
DIsK b. mdAT RX RN @O HON, A K@ LE PA PRd @J JA,s DOA SE
XRG RN 1888, N `IV DIsK, IA HvQ IA HN CF DNt PE RN SV -
BG PRu ]V DO@ SN mE OT ]G s KA ]V DOA SZ PEG s KA RLu LA RNT
:@ PNTQ RFQ h D@ rFQ (fN+ 3 &d A.052) r@ KV PRN INT RZ
RVK rNt OVK RNT - RN sO DN AT RX PTL BN JG I@ HA N KN LA -
PREZ AO DX RE OA bnN ?T JA IRXc - s JE DE: b...rvQ BJs rE RE
AT RX RN Cs KRON; qO@ PG KN; ;, JNG rXK, KA B@ JE RE rO@ -
PG KN, RN V OAG X RE ON rO@ PG KN RFQ rA Js RAQ PAQ. gAG AT -
Ru RF PIG @; l@J JNK LrJE; lF CG PR@ PE RE JNG rXK KA RF
]V DOA SZ PE RE LE RN rG N s KRN KN LrJE...c [; RPG, bPT KE eZ -
]EG N jRE KZ, L@ HA LE X RG I@ HE sO DN EZ KAG LG A LE RA RX rG -
PF_ RN E LrKET PLs KN G PN Ct KA LN LG AQ PT DIG KF PG A IuQ
E KRt rV PFQ...h rE JET HE OV Hu IA LE A rX X JA RA E LrX CG A
rNT CF LG NTO DNt PE F G Cs A RFQ A KRG DOA SuQ...hK u RAK E -
rG ROE rRX KA ]V DOA SZ PNT LE LE BEO LG DG XK E IEZ KN RN Cs -
KRON, rNT LG A PRGD Lu LAQ S@ KF IE X RG EZ eE ]V F Ou IXI -
IG KF A rX eOV PF, DG A RZ KA LFK EO LF KEt PNT LE LE I@ rNGA
T rEO BN Ju, RGQ E KRT rv PEGQ rNT CG IAG v KNTK RGQ rNG F RG -
IsQ LE RA SN OsQ;c
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mRFK Z CG A AZ HNT PA, s KA IJA PG INt t SNTQ DJT rRX,
LE LG A ET AGP HF PZ A rNT Ht LG ]E RN DJt rRF RFQ h KA -
DsK KF PFQ jRN KA RsJ JN, I@ KEG RNK IOG RG IX i. fV MsJ
KA A KA SV Ku PEG bN jRN KA RsJ JN A K@ LE PA PRA HF OZ A
((#56'3=HF OZ A)c. p RPG E rG IO@ RF PE N X ONQ b?V BG -
PLXQ c.
kG ?VB A KRG R@ eHF IAK PRFK G LrOE PG N KG PRG Iu ]V -
DOA SG Iu RNT PRGD LG AZ NT IAG RNT rA ON CG INt IAG
PRO@ SF IAK rONQ LG A ]V DOA SG Iu rNT A rN CZ CEG X,RG
Ls KEG PRA HE OX IAG A KAJ JNZ V RN PRF St PF, A rE JET -
HE Ov KN KRAQ RN eOv LA A rX RFK rG PRu A rX CN Pu RFQ
(RA Cs KROA LrN OEZ KA EZ KAG IXI IG KA IAG F H@ JAP PA
IZ ROG KF), LE LG A E JET HE OZ A X LVQ rNT CEK EZ KAG Nt RE
@ KAO eF Nt RE A SE JuQ. h KRZ HE RA, EZ KAG rE rNZ HF Pu
RNTQ X RG NG ]V DO@ SNG rON BAZ KNTK PE KE V RE OG -
PLNtQ, X RAK s eNTK rJu OF PT KEZ CF PF RVK Ls PVK
RFQ CNT JEG @Q RNTQ (Pes CG N, eOv LA) IAG X RAK s eNTK
CNT Js ^EG rN Jt DG A KA L@ HNTK RFK REe KG Iu RNTQ. k
rE OG N OG PLXQ RFQ LNO SuQ PRN NT PG v CEQ s eEG PRX eN
RFK EI SOA PRG IX RF RA, X eG RFK rG PRu A KA rA O@ PRA PF.
; IEZ KN rNT N Cu DF PE RNTQ Ks NTQ ]V DO@ SNTQ IAG
DJt rREQ KA CG AO Ou MNTK I@ HE CE PLX LE RNTQ IA KX -
KEQ RFQ :T RG IuQ nse KFQ u RAK F A KA I@ JT ^F RFQ Rs -
eKFQ RVK brOV RX DN KVK c JA vK PRGQ A rNG IZ EQ RFQ
oIE A KZ AQ IAG RFQ h SOG IuQ. w RAK F rOv RF SN O@
rNT F Rse KF AT Ru CEK A KRG LE RV rZ PRF IE VQ E MV RG I@
rA O@ CN MF u VQ Rse KF rNT EZ KAG A IX LA rAG CG Iu, AJ -
J@ VQ LG A Rse KF CF LG NTO DG Iu, @ MG A KA E IRG LF HEZ IAG
KA A rN RG LF HEZ AGP HF RG I@ G PX RG LA LE RFK bh SON CZ RF
RFQ lu JNTc. hT Ru F E rA KE IRZ LF PF rON V Hu HF IE A -
rX RNTQ rOV RN rX ONTQ IAJ JG Rse KEQ RX PN PRN qA OZ -
PG X PN IAG PRF `EO LA KZ A (:OsP CF, fE ON JZ KN IAG
lX KA eN) LE R@ RN 1905.
b< A IOZ BEG A CEK EZ KAG F A Ju HEG Ac Cu JV KE N lA RZQ
(H'/2+-E.+-' M#4+33', 1869-1954), N PrNT CAG X RE ONQ
EI rOX PV rNQ RNT IG Ku LA RNQ RVK ?VB" F @ rN ^F ATRu,
CG A RT rV Ls KF DG A rOv RF SN O@ s RPG ME I@ HA OA, T ruO -
ME IAG F Hs PF N JX IJF OFQ RFQ LN KRsO KAQ Rse KFQ.
262
. 1. `. bL? IjE (`. D$.'+, 1880-1954), hIH JP -
iH >I; MS ; LHN `. d; LSK, D: =A J? FHN J; F:,
aHE =S EH, fjAL XC: D? IA.
' 0 50_ 30 :1 4,2 N, :9_ 70 61 N:` ;1 =9? N:a 7, =9<
;=16 ]:9 ;A ]9 /:, >D , 0 6C< >a- , ]C ^ 6,6 +5 59
.0DN 602 N, :, 4=1 :2 ;=2 4+ =9 N:A 7, =2 4C ]59_ =9 4,2
=9 0 50_ 30 :9 ]60_ 7, 70 =9 9 ]9D 9 .1 72 9_: /1 ;,6 92
GA /:+ >92 =9? 42 6` 7, =9<.
. 2. `. d; LSK (H. M0'//$, 1869-1954), Zc nH -
IQK[ (1910-1911), D: =A J? FHN J; F:, 2,60
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Y9 ^: /9 .0DN 602 79: >^< ]9? N9 :0_ 9?6 ;0 ;N` -
7, 4_ 459?. Y9 >C 6=9, ^ 6=9 6, N:A 7, =2 ;7^ 69 4,2
,]59 ]92 1 7^ 69, , 6, .02 46_ 02 =2< 79: >^<, ]9? ], :, -
]^ 7]9?6 A< ]:9< =1 .2 + 30 ;1 ;=9?< =,@=2 69_< ]D -
6, 40< =9? I4A /4^6. K' ;_6 30 ;1 0D 6,2 1 =^N 61 =9?
6, =, 4=9 ]92 0D< 70 .2 , 49 ;71 =2 4C =:C ]9 =, .2 + >9 -
:, ;=92 N0D , ]9? ^ N02 ;=1 .2 + 30 ;` =9? ^ 6,< GA -
/:+ >9<, /2 , 6, 04 >:+ ;02 =, ,2; 3` 7, =+ =9?L, ^ 50 -
/0 9 W, =D<. V 06 39? ;2 a .1< ,? 39: 71 =2 ;7C< ;=9
^: /9 =9? W, =D< 0D 6,2 >,2 69 70 62 4+ 0 ]2 >, 602 , 4C<.
X=16 ]:,/ 7, =2 4C =1 =, =9 ^: /9 =9? 0D 6,2 ]:9@C6 7, -
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263
' ]:A =C /9 61 =^N 61 ` =,6 /6A ;=` ` .1 , -
]C 4,2 :C ;=16 &? :a ]1, C 7A< 7C 69 70 =+ =9
1900 92 4,5 52 =^N 60< +: N2 ;,6 6, 0 ]2 ;4^ ]=9 -
6=,2 =, 0 369 59 /2 4+ 79? ;0D , 4,2 6, /D 69 6=,2
92 D .2 92 ;?5 5^ 4=0< ,? =a6 =A6 02 ;, /C 70 6A6
^: /A6. ' 0 ]2: :9 ` =1< K6^ /:2 41< =^N 61< L ;=1
;_/ N:9 61 GA /:, >2 4` 4,2 ;=1 ;_/ N:9 61
/5? ]=2 4` +: N2 ;0 6, /D 60 =,2 07 >, 6`< ;=9 \, -
:D ;2 70 =+ =9 1907, 0 6a ;=9 O0 :9 5D 69, ;=1
%:^; .1 4,2 ;=9 R96 .D 69 70 =+ =9 1911. I_ -
:A ;=9 1920 0D N0 , ]5A 30D ], 6=9_, 4,2 70 -
=+ =9 1930 1 =^N 61 =1< Z 40 , 6D ,<, =1< (6 .D -
,< 4,2 =A6 & ;42 7a A6 ^ /2 60 1 4_ :2 , ]1 /`
^7]60? ;1< =A6 ;9? :0 , 52 ;=a6.
V2 ]:a =92 4,5 52 =^N 60< ]9? 70 5^ =1 ;,6
=16 =^N 61 =1< Z 40 , 6D ,< 4,2 =1< Q >:2 4`< ` -
=,6 4? :D A< GA /:+ >92: W, =D<, \2 4+ ;9, T=0 -
:^6, PD: N60:. b .1 9 I4A /4^6 0D N0 04 3^ ;02
=9 1906 ;=9 \, :D ;2, ;=16 , 6, .:9 72 4` =9?
^4 30 ;1 ;=9 X, 5C6 =9? *32 69 ]a :9?, =9 ^: -
/9 KEV -2 :2L, , ]9 .02 46_ 9 6=,< C =2 ? ]`: N,6
06,5 5, 4=2 4^< 5_ ;02< ;=9?< , 4, .1 7,@49_<
4, 6C 60< =1< /5? ]=2 4`<, 4,2 ,? =^< ]:9 ^: N9 -
6=,6 , ]C 0 8A 0? :A ],@49_< ]9 52 =2 ;79_<.
V2 08 ]:0 ;2 9 62 ;=^< /9 1 =0_ =1 4,6 , ]C =16
=^N 61 =A6 TC =2 A6 S, 5,; ;a6 4,2 ?2 9 3^ =1 -
;,6 ^ 6, ]:C /:,7 7, /2 , 6, 0 50? 30 :a ;9?6
=16 =^N 61 =9?< , ]C =9?< ], :, .9 ;2 , 49_< 4, -
6C 60<. I2M ,? =9_< 92 79: >^< =1< =^N 61< =A6
]:A =C /9 6A6 5, a6 ` =,6 =:C ]9< ^4 >:, ;1<
,2; 31 ;2 , 4a6 4,2 7, GD , 3a A6 ? ]+: 80 A6
C]A< =A6 ]:A =9 ]5+ ;=A6 ;=16 & .^7. ' ]:A -
=C /9 61 =^N 61 ^ .2 60 , 4C 7, 72 , 0 ]2 -0 -,D A ;1
/2 , =16 ,? =9 69 7D , =1< 02 4C 6,<, 4+ =2 ]9? 0D -
N0 ` .1 ]:9 -+ 502 9 X0 G+6. V \2 4+ ;9 ]` /0
,4C 7, ], :, ]^ :,, -5^ ]9 6=,< =9 ^: /9 =^N 61<
C N2 A< , 6, ], :+ ;=, ;1 ` .2 , 4C ;71 ;1 ,5 5+
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=1 , ]C =16 ]:,/ 7, =2 4C =1 =,.
. 4.h XCH >CjE (P1*G1%1'+,
1848-1903), Tc <A IA, Z7
R >IA ; XN E;S C; Z (1891-
1893), ;F FQ DA BHK, 8=A -
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nFK Z CG A eON KG @ rNT NG ?VB EL SA KZ PRF IAK PRN
qA OZ PG, RN 1905, PRF :OsP CF LG A LG IOu N L@ CA ]V -
DO@ SVK IAG PrNT CA PRvK RFQ hO eG RE IRN KG IuQ Z COT -
PE RN IZ KF LA b< `s ST OAc, (D+' B25%,'). nN N KX LA -
PAK s RPG, DG A RZ u HE JAK KA JEG RNTO Du PEG VQ Ds ST OA
rNT HA s KV KE X JA RA bE rA KA PRA RG I@ IAG A Ku PT eA
PRNG eEZ Ac, RA N rNZ A HA LNG O@ ]N KRAK LA ]Z RNTQ RFK
E KA KRZ V Pu RNTQ PRNK bE rG SA KEG A IX = LrOE PG N KG PLXc,
X rVQ eA OA IRF OG PRG I@ RNK N KX LA ]AK.
;L SA KZ PRF IE JNG rXK F N L@ CA VQ A KA RON ru RNT
= LrOE PG N KG PLNt IAG LE RFK Rse KF RFQ A KA ]u RF PE XeG
RFK E MV RE OG Iu A Ju HEG A RVK rOAD L@ RVK AJ J@ RFK E -
PV RE OG Iu. hT RX rNT E rG CZ V MAK NG ]V DO@ SNG RNT ;M -
rOE PG N KG PLNt u RAK F @ LE PF IAG AT HXO LF RF sI SOA -
PF RNT E PV RE OG INt BG v LA RNQ. `Gd AT RX, s JE DAK,
srOE rE KA E rG PROs ^NTK PRF Ds KE PF RFQ IAJ JG REe KG -
IuQ CF LG NTO DZ AQ LE LG A DOA Su rOV RX DN KF, PAK KA
LFK EZ eAK rN Rs MA K@ PeE CG @ PEG. < A COX RF RA RFQ
DOA SuQ BOu IE PRFK MT JN DOA SZ A RFK IA Jt RE OF sI -
SOA Pu RFQ. mRF ]V DOA SG Iu EI SO@ PRF IE LE s KRN KA
eOv LA RA IAG RN KG PLs KA rE OG DO@L LA RA, rNT CG A -
PROE BJv KNTK rNJ JsQ SN OsQ RF LNO Su IAG SR@ KNTK
Ls eOG RFK rA OA LXO SV PF.
H N L@ CA b< `s ST OAc CG A Jt HF IE RN 1913, X RAK
rG A F IAG KNt OG A N L@ CA b`A J@ ]G NQ gA BA J@ OFQ c EZ eE
PROA SEZ rONQ RFK A KEG IN KG Iu A KA rA O@ PRA PF.
qON @D DE JNG RNT ;M rOE PG N KG PLNt HE V ONt KRAG N
fAK `IN DI, DG A RFK s KRA PF PRN eOv LA IAG PRN Pes -
CG N, N fsJ DNQ ]V DO@ SNQ [;K PNO, DG A RA DE L@ RA ESG -
AJ RG I@ rOX PV rA sO DA RNT IAG N jNO BF DXQ lNTK I,
DG A RF BA HG @ T rAO MG A Iu A DV KZ A rNT CG A rX RG PE RGQ
LNO SsQ RNT. qF Du s LrKET PFQ RVK EM rOE PG N KG PRvK
u RAK F A SOG IA KG Iu IAG F rOV RX DN KF Rse KF, DG A RN
ROA et IAG PT LrT IKV Ls KN rE OZ DOAL LA RVK LNO SvK
RNTQ.
. 6. 6.dHNE C (E. M1+"&, 1863-1944), Z` >P ES ;[ (1894), D: -
=A J? FHN J; F:, oJ DH, dHN J?S H dHNE C.
P_ :2 9< ]:9 +/ /0 59< =9? &8 ]:0 ;2 9 62 ;7C_ ,5 5+ 4,2 04 ]:C ;A -
]C< =9?, ]:9 -+5 502 ;=9 ^: /9 =9? =9 ? ],: 82 , 4C .:+ 7, =9?
,6 3:a ]9?, C ]9? 1 7C 61 -0 -,2 C =1 =, 0D 6,2 1 , /A 6D , 4,2 9 3+ -
6, =9<. ' 79: >` ]9? >A 6+ G02 ]:9 -+5 502 ;0 ^ 6,6 , ]02 51 =2 4C
9? :, 6C 4,2 /D 60 =,2 02 4C 6, 0 6C< 0 >2 +5 =1, ]9? =, 5C /2 , .0 3,
7]9 :9_ ;,6 6, =96 ]0 :2 /:+ H9?6.
. 7. gE JHI (J. E+/,., 1860-1949), Zc B: E; LHK C;A HA F: -
JC?K[, aA j >@, dHN J?S H _; DmE f?] EmE.
V O^5 /9< GA /:+ >9< N:1 ;2 79 ]92 0D ;=1 -, ;2 4` 30 7, =9 59 /D ,
=9? ;_7 -9 5, C ]A< 7+ ;40<, ;40 50 =9_<, 79: >^< .,2 79 62 4^<,
70 =, 9 ]9D , ? ],2 6D; ;0 =,2 4,2 ;,: 4+ G02 =16 ? ]9 4:2 =2 4` ,6 3:a -
]2 61 492 6A 6D ,. ' ]2 60 52 + =9? 0D 6,2 K], ;=a .1< 4,2 ]? 46`L. V2
=C 692 -D ,2 92. V2 7+ ;40< 0D 6,2 ;_7 -9 5, 0 6C< 4C ;79? ]9? ? -
]9 4:D 60 =,2 4,2 , ]9 >0_ /02 6, .02 =9 ], :+ 59 /9 =1< 4, 31 70 :2 -
6`< GA `<.
. 8. 6I EJL di:I D;] ( E. B.*"&, 1870-1938), ZR> >? DHK[,
dE@ F?S H >A ; LHNK E? CIHkK LHN iH Dj FHN JLH G1/0.,2
(1927), FiIHk ELVHK.
V W]+: 5,N, , 6, G1 =a 6=,< ]D ;A , ]C =, >,2 6C 70 6, =16 , 51 -
32 6` 9? ;D , =9? ,6 3:a ]9?, ;?6 ._ , ;0 =9 ]+ 39< 4,2 =16 =:, -
/A .D , ;0 ^ 6,6 492 6A 62 4+ ;? 602 .1 =9 ]92 1 7^ 69 &8 ]:0 ;2 9 62 ;7C.
Y9 /5? ]=C, 70 /A 62 a .1 4,2 ;=0 :0 9 70 =:2 4` ;N1 7, =9 ]9D 1 ;1,
7,: =? :0D =1 /6a ;1 =1< /5? ]=2 4`< =9? 8_ 59?. V2 >? ;2 4^< >C: -
70< , ]9 .D .9 6=,2 A< ;? 7], /0D< 7+ G0<, 70 ^ 6, ;? /4:, =1 7^ -
69 ;=2 52 G+ :2 ;7,.
6
265
7
8
266
. 9. _;S L? _QD <AL K (K. K,**2'04, 1867-1945), `N LH iIH JP -
iH >I; MS ; (1926-1936), FiIHk ELVHK.
Y, 3^ 7, =, ]9? ]:,/ 7, =0_ 31 40 1 PC5 -2= < 0D 6,2 1 , 352 C =1 =,
=A6 , 6^: /A6, =A6 0: /, =a6, 9 ]C 69< =A6 7, 6+ .A6 ]9? ^ N, -
;,6 =, ],2 .2 + =9?< ;=96 ]C 50 79. V N, 7C< =9? /2 9? =1< /5_ -
]=:2 ,< ;=96 ]C 50 79 =1 .D ., 80 + 70 ;, =96 ,6 3:a ]2 69 ]C 69.
X=9 ^: /9 =1< >,D 60 =,2 6, ;? 7]? 46a 69 6=,2 9 ]:9 ;A ]2 4C< 4,2
9 ], 6,6 3:a ]2 69< ]C 69<, ,5 5+ 4,2 1 ._ 6, 71 6, =96 ? ]9 7^ -
602.
. 10. _SI ]E?I (E. K'."&+$., 1880-1938), hIH JP iH >I; MS ;
LHN n. ^;E bL? ^jD EL? (1917), GN DH >I; MS ;*, dQ E; -
]H, _I; LA Cl e]H Dl XI; MA CmE f?] EmE.
V2 GA /:+ >92 =1< KI^ >? :,<L , 82 9 ]9D 1 ;,6 =16 8? 59 /:, >D ,,
/2, =D 70 ,? =C =9 7^ ;9 7]9 :9_ ;,6 6, , ]9 .a ;9?6 =9 , .:C 4,2
=9 , 4, =^: /, ;=9 =1< 79: >`< ]9? 0 ]0 .D A 4,6, 0 6a =9 ^: /9 /2 -
6C =,6 K.1 79 4:, =2 4C =0 :9L, , >9_ 1 .? 6, =C =1 =, , 6, ], :, /A /`<
=9? =9 ^ 4, 60 ]:9 ;2 =C ;0 ]0 :2; ;C =0 :9 4C ;79. X_7 >A 6, 70 =9
7, 62 >^ ;=9 =9?<, 1 =^N 61 0D 6,2 N02 :A 6, 4=2 4` .9? 502 +, ? ]C 30 -
;1 =9? N0 :2 9_, 4,2 9 GA /:+ >9<, /2 , 6, 8, 6, -:0D =2< N, 7^ -
60< , 8D 0< =1< GA /:, >2 4`< =9?, ]:^ ]02 6, /? :D ;02 ]D ;A ;=16
,: N`, ;=9 , 4, =^: /, ;=9, ;=9 , .:C =A6 79: >a6, K;,6 6, 716
` 80 :0 ]9 =^ 6, GA /:, >D G02L.
V I,5+G29< P,-,5+:1< ( De! Bla$e Rei#e!)
nFK Z CG A E rN eu rNT PRN qA OZ PG IA HG E OV KX RAK N gT -
BG PLXQ, PRN lX KA eN N fA PZ JG gA KRZK PIT (!#33+-8
K#/&+/3,8, 1866-1944) Z COT E RN b`A J@ ]G N gA BA J@ -
OFc. lA ]Z RNT NG ]V DO@ SNG ?OAK Q lAO I (F2#/9 lA2 -
%,1880-1916) IAG N h. l@ IE (A5)534 M#%,',1887-
1914). < E rG KX F PF RNT N KX LA RNQ u RAK RNT Z CG NT RNT
gA KRZK PIT, rNT A DA rNt PE G CG AZ RE OA RN DA J@ ]G N
eOv LA, IAG RNT lAO I, rNT eOF PG LN rNG Nt PE PTe K@
RN @ JN DN VQ Hs LA PRF ]V DOA SG Iu RNT.
TN IZ KF LA AO Ku HF IE I@ HE A KA rA OA PRA RG IX u
NO HN JN DG PRG IX PRNG eEZ N PRFK Rse KF. H Rse KF s rOE -
rE KA rF D@ ]EG A rX RFK IA HA Ou rKET LA RG IX RF RA IAG
KA DEK KG s RAG A rX RFK E PV RE OG Iu rA OXO LF PF RNT
CF LG NTO DNt. h KRG R@ eHF IE PRNK gT BG PLX, RNT N rNZ -
NT, E Kv E Ks IOG KE RFK A KA KE V RG Iu CO@ PF, AL SG PBF -
RNt PE RNK NO HN JN DG PLX IAG RNTQ OE A JG PRG INtQ
TrAG KGD LNtQ.
< N L@ CA E Ms CV PE RN 1912 RN -
, rE OG N CG IX LE RN N rNZ N PT KEO D@ PRF -
IAK rNJ JsQ PtD eON KEQ rON PV rG IX RF REQ, LE RA Mt
RVK N rNZ VK IAG N G PRN OG IXQ jX OG DIEO - rNT EZ KAG IAG
9
10
267
. 12. ^. _; ELSE JCN (W. K+#'+/)'(, 1866-1944), ekE B? J@
bH 2, D: =A J? FHN J; F:, 0,97 3 1,31 F., bj ; Y QI -
C@, dHN J?S H XCHk >C?E ]:AF.
V P, 6=D6 ;4? , ]C =1 N:A 7, =2 4` ^ 6=, ;1 /:` /9 :, ]^ :, ;0 ;0
72 , GA /:, >2 4` ;=16 9 ]9D , 92 N:A 7, =2 4^< 41 5D .0< 0D N,6 ]+ -
:02 =1 3^ ;1 =A6 , 6=2 402 7^ 6A6. V2 =D= 592 ]9? +: N2 ;0 6, N:1 -
;2 79 ]92 0D /2 , =, ^: /, =9? ;4C ]2 7, ], :^ ]0 7],6 ;=1 79? ;2 4`,
1 9 ]9D ,, A< 79: >` =^N 61<, 0D 6,2 0 40D 61 ]9? 4,=M 0 89 N`6 .06
0 ]2 492 6A 60D 7^ ;A =9? 9 :, =9_ 4C ;79?.
. 11. 9. d;I C ( F. M." 1880-1916), diD? R DH >; (1911), D: =A J? FHN J; F:, 1,12 3 84,5 F., dQ E; ]H, _I; LA Cl ^A <DA H Bl -
C@.
X=2< ]0 :2; ;C =0 :0< ;?6 3^ ;02< =9? *:,6 < W,: 4 , ]02 49 6D G9 6=,2 Ga ,, /2 , =D =:^ >02 /2M ,? =+ 2 .2 ,D =0 :1 , /+ ]1 4,2 =, 30 A :0D 9 79: -
>C =0 :, , ]C =96 +6 3:A ]9 4,2 , ], :,D =1 =9?< .2 + 70 ;9?< ;=1 ;N^ ;1 =9? 70 =1 >_ ;1.
x RAK LG J@ LE DG A A SF OF Ls KF ]V DOA SG Iu (=A SAG Ov
ArX RF ]V DOA SG Iu RA rO@D LA RA IAG IOA Rv RA rOV -
RAO eG I@ RFQ PRNG eEZ A, rNT EZ KAG RA eOv LA RA, RA Peu -
LA RA, NG DOAL LsQ), A KA SE OX LA PRE Pd E IEZ KF RF ]V -
DOA SG Iu rNT CEK A KA rA OG PR@ rG PR@ RFK rOAD LA RG IX -
RF RA, rNT PT KEG CF R@ AO KEZ RAG KA A rEG IN KZ ]EG PRNG eEZ A
A KA DKV OZ PG LA PRN rE OG B@J JNK.
h KRZ HE RA, CF LG NTO DEZ N rRG I@ G PN Ct KA LA E PV RE OG IvK
IA RA PR@ PE VK.
qON PrA HEZ KA rON PED DZ PEG RN HE A Ru @ LE PA LE RN
Peu LA IAG RN eOv LA.
HE V OF RG IXQ T rN PRF OG eRuQ RFQ N L@ CAQ - N AO eG Rs -
IRN KAQ ls KREJ PNK IAG CG @ SN ONG ]V DO@ SNG. mRN rE -
OG N CG IX PT KT ruO eAK Hs LA RA PtD eON KFQ, JAUIuQ,
rOV RX DN KFQ IAG rAG CG IuQ Rse KFQ. q@ KRN RE X LVQ F
IE KROG Iu G Cs A A SN ONt PE PRF KN F RG Iu PtJ JF ^F Ls -
PV RFQ A SF OF Ls KFQ SXO LAQ, rNT RN KZ ]EG RGQ PTL -
BN JG IsQ IAG ^T eN JN DG IsQ rJET OsQ RNT eOv LA RNQ
IAG RFQ DOAL LuQ.
268
K?-2;7C<
k gT BG PLXQ DEK Ku HF IE LE RN sO DN RNT qG I@ PN
b:E PrNG KZ CEQ RFQ h BG KG XK c, rNT ]V DO@ SG PE A K@ LE -
PA PRN 1906 IAG PRN 1907.
h KA ]F Rv KRAQ IAG KNt OG EQ Pes PEGQ A K@ LE PA PRFK
rOAD LA RG IX RF RA IAG PRFK ^ET CAGP HF RG Iu RFQ A KA -
rA O@ PRA PF, NG IT BG PRsQ ]V DO@ SNG AO KNt KRAG KA
bE MA rA Ru PNTK c RN L@ RG (420.1' -d0'+-) IAG KA rA ONT -
PG @ PNTK RA rO@D LA RA bPAK rOAD LA RG I@c. h SNt F
]V DOA SG Iu E rG S@ KEG A EZ KAG CGP CG @ PRA RF, I@ HE ^ET -
CAGP HF RG Iu rA O@ PRA PF RNT B@ HNTQ EZ KAG ^ET CuQ.
\ET CuQ X LVQ u EJ JG ruQ EZ KAG IAG F rA ONT PZ A PF
EKXQ A KRG IEG Ls KNT LX KN A rX RF LZ A RNT X ^F. nN
AKRG IEZ LE KN s eEG RAT RX eON KA LrONQ, rZ PV, Ls PA IAG
s MV. `Gd AT RX, RN A KRG IEZ LE KN PRNK gT BG PLX rA ONT -
PG @ ]E RAG A rX RGQ rE OGP PX RE ON eA OA IRF OG PRG IsQ
NrRG IsQ DV KZ EQ RNT IAG A KRG LE RV rZ ]E RAG A rX CG A SN -
OE RG IsQ rJET OsQ bPTD eOX KVQ c. k HE A RuQ s eEG RFK
E KRt rV PF X RG RN BJs rEG RFK Z CG A PRGD Lu A rX rNJ JsQ
CG A SN OE RG IsQ X ^EGQ.
mRFK IT BG PRG Iu rOA IRG Iu RN A KRG IEZ LE KN, CG A JT -
Ls KN PRN E rZ rE CN RNT rZ KA IA IAG A KA JT Ls KN PE LG -
IO@ JE rRX RA RA INL L@ RG A X LNG A LE HOAt PLA RA IOT -
PR@J JNT, (h KA JT RG IXQ gT BG PLXQ, 1910-12) E rG CG v -
IE RAG KA EL SA KG PREZ X rVQ EZ KAG PRFK rOAD LA RG IX RF -
RA IAG X eG X rVQ SAZ KE RAG.
< EK PV L@ RV PF Ms KVK rONQ RF ]V DOA SG Iu T JG -
IvK - eAO RZ RA rE RPA OZ AQ, t SA PLA, E SF LE OZ CEQ,
ROA rNT JX eAO RA - LE Rs ROE ^E RFK A KA rA O@ PRA PF
RNT A KRG IEG Ls KNT PE rA O@ PRA Pu RNT. nA INJ JF Ls KA
r@ KV PRNK rZ KA IA INL L@ RG A A rX RFK ^@ HA LG AQ IA -
Os IJAQ CF Jv KNTK RFK Z CG A RFK IA Os IJA, rNT MA KA -
CF LG NTO DEZ RAG PRN LT A JX RNT HE A Ru. hT Ru F S@ PF
RNT gT BG PLNt N KN L@ PRF IE mTK HE RG IXQ gT BG PLXQ
(1912-14).
. 13. h. hA C: JH, Zb? CIl Mk J@ F? W:BAE@ C;IjCD; (1912), D: =A C;A ];ILS L;i?LJ;IS;K iHN i;IAJL:E?A W:B; C;IjCD;K
CHDD@FjEH J? FHN J; F:, PH?A=jK, 0,27]0,35 F., h;ISJA dHNJ?SH hAC:JH.
' N:` ;1 =A6 aie!" colle" (=0 ]2 495 51 7^ 6, N,: =2 +) ;=96 P? -2 ;7C, , 82 9 ]92 ` 31 40 ]:a =, , ]C =96 \2 4+ ;9. Y9 0 ]2 495 51 7^ 69
;=92 N0D 9 7]9 :0D 6, , 6, ], :2 ;=+ ^ 6, , 6=2 40D 70 69 ` 7]9 :0D 6, 502 =9?: /0D A< .2 , 49 ;71 =2 4C ;=92 N0D 9 =1< ;_6 30 ;1<. Y9 49 5+G, 1
06 ;A 7+ =A ;1 8^ 6A6 ]:9< =1 GA /:, >2 4` ? 52 4a6 ]+ 6A ;=96 ]D 6, 4,, 0 ]:C 402 =9 6, 0D 6,2 ^ 6, 4, =, 5? =2 4C /0 /9 6C< /2 , =16 0 8^ 52 -
81 =1< 79 6=^: 6,< =^N 61<.
269
k IAJ JG Rse KFQ PRNK gT BG PLX EZ KAG E JEt HE ONQ KA rAZ MEG A K@ LE PA
PRN rOAD LA RG IX IAG RN ^ET CAGP HF RG IX (rJA PRX). lrN OEZ, DG A KA
rA OA PRu PEG s KA eAO RZ RA rE RPA OZ AQ, KA INJ Ju PEG s KA eAO RZ RA rE -
RPA OZ AQ r@ KV PRNK rZ KA IA IAG KA RN A Su PEG KA rA OA PRu PEG RN Z CG -
N RNK E AT RX RNT. lrN OEZ X LVQ IAG KA ]V DOA SZ PEG, LE RNK rG N ^ET -
CAGP HF RG IX ROX rN, s KA eAO RZ RA rE RPA OZ AQ. lrN OEZ A IX LA KA IX ^EG
RN eAO RZ RA rE RPA OZ AQ PRN Peu LA E KXQ LrNT IA JG Nt, IAG RX RE RN
eAO RZ A KRZ KA rA OG PR@ RNK E AT RX RNT, KA rA OG PR@ s KA @J JN A KRG IEZ -
LE KN
. 15. h. hA C: JH (P!*, P'"//,, 1881-1973), ZhH Ll IA F? ; Wj ELA[ (1913-1914), <;F Fj EHK FiIHk ELVHK, 8 =A P LA Cl
X?5 59 /`. ' 4? :2 C =0 :1 0 ]D .:, ;1 ;=1 /5? ]=2 4` =9? 209_ ,2 a 6, , ;4` 31 40 70 =9 ^: /9 =9? \2 4+ ;9, 9 9 ]9D 9< =16 , ]0 50? 3^ :A -
;0 , ]C =2< ], :, .9 ;2 , 4^< =0N 62 4^< 4,2 =, ], :, .9 ;2 , 4+ 3^ 7, =,, N:1 ;2 79 ]92 a 6=,< ^ 6, ;? 696 3_ 50? 7, ? 52 4a6, C ]A< 8_ 59, 7^ -
=,5 59, ;_: 7,, ;]+ /49 ` 4+]92, ^ =92 7, , 6=2 40D 70 6, 4,2 .1 72 9_: /1 ;0 =2< K;? 6,: 79 /^< L (a""emblage). Y9 ^: /9 N? =0_ =1 40 ;0
7]:9_ 6=G9 , ]C ^ 6, ]:C ]5, ;7, ;=9? 9 ]9D 9? =16 49 :? >` N:1 ;2 79 ]92 ` 31 40 72 , ]:,/ 7, =2 4` ;]+ =9? 5, 70 =96 4_ -9 =1< G+ N, -
:1< ]9? N:1 ;2 79 ]92 9_6 92 ]C =0< =9? , H0 6=2 9_, .D 69 6=,< ;=9 ;_ 69 59 =1 79: >` 0 6C< >, 6=, ;=2 49_ ]9 =1 :2 9_. V2 K;? 6,: 79 /^<L,
C ]9? /2 , ]:a =1 >9 :+ 69 0D =,2 /5? ]=2 4C , 6=2 40D 70 69 ]9? .06 0D 6,2 9_ =0 5, 80? 7^ 69, 9_ =0 N? =0? 7^ 69 ` ]5, ;7^ 69 ,5 5+ ;? 6,: 79 -
59 /1 7^ 69 , ]C 8^ 6, ]:9< =16 =0 52 4` 79: >` =9? ? 52 4+ ]:9^:N96=,2 ,]C =16 =0N624` =9? P95+G, 1 9]9D, ^70550 6, 0 ]1 :0 + ;02
C 51 =16 =^N 61 =9? 02 49 ;=9_ ,2 a 6, 7^ N:2 =2< 7^ :0< 7,<.
.14. U. diI;C (G$,.%$ B.-1$, 1882-1963), Z^A H DS C;A C; E: L;[ (1910),
D: =A J? FHN J; F:, ^; JA D?S ;, dHN J?S H dH ELjI E;K fj] E@K.
X=96 P? -2 ;7C 92 79: >^< , 6, 5_ 9 6=,2 ;0 0 ]D ]0 .,, 4, =, 40: 7, =D G9 6=,< =,
, 6=2 40D 70 6, 4,2 =96 ]0 :2 -+5 59 6=, Na :9. Y9 N:a 7,, , ]5A 7^ 69 70 72 4:^<
]2 60 52 ^< 4,2 ]0 :+ ;7, =,, 0D 6,2 ]0 :2 9 :2 ;7^ 69 ;0 a N:0< 4,2 /4:D G,, 0 6a .0
.2 , >9 :9 ]92 0D =,2 =9 ^ 6, , 6=2 40D 70 69 , ]C =9 +5 59. Q? =C .1 72 9?: /0D ^ 6, 0D -
.9< ;_/ N? ;1< ;=16 02 4C 6,, /2 , =D =, , 6=2 40D 70 6, K.0 .2 , -+ G9 6=,2L , ]C =9
30 , =`, 9 9 ]9D 9< .06 7]9 :0D 6, 80 NA :D ;02 =, 0 ]D ]0 ., ]9? , 6` 49?6 ;0 4+ -
30 , 6=2 40D 70 69. Y9 ]:C -51 7, 5_ 31 40 70 =16 ]:9; 3` 41 02 .2 4a6 ;?7 -C 5A6 -
N, :, 4=1 :2 ;=2 4a6 =9? 4+ 30 , 6=2 402 7^ 69?. X=9 ^: /9 ,? =C =, 4502 .2 + 4,2 92
N9: .^< =9? -2 9 52 9_, =9 N0 :9_ 52 4,2 =9 ;=C 72 9 =1< 4, 6+ =,<, K0 81 /9_6 L ;=9
30 , =` C =2 ,? =^< 92 >C: 70< , 6` 49?6 ;M 0 40D 69 =9 , 6=2 40D 70 69. Q: /C =0 :,,
]:9< ,? =` =16 4, =0_ 3?6 ;1 3, ;?6 .:+ 702 4,2 =9 49 5+G, ]9? 3, 02 ;, /+ /02
;=92 N0D , =1< ]:,/ 7, =2 4C =1 =,<.
270
*9?=9?:2;7C<
k ?NT RNT OG PLXQ EZ KAG s KA IZ KF LA RNT N rNZ NT NG
AO esQ CG A RT rv KN KRAG PRN lG J@ KN RN 1908 A rX RNK
rNG F Ru lA OG Ks RG (F. T. M#2+/'44+,1876-1944), E Kv RN
?NT RNT OG PRG IX lA KG Ss PRN CF LN PG Et E RAG RN 1909
PRN qA OZ PG. mRGQ E MAD DE JZ EQ RNT N lA OG Ks RG Iu OT ME
RN Rs JNQ RFQ Rse KFQ RNT rA OEJ HX KRNQ (L'
P#33+3.') IAG RF DsK KF PF LG AQ Rse KFQ RNT LsJ JN -
KRNQ (L' F5452+3.'). ErG CZ V MF RVK = RA JvK IAJ JG REe -
KvK EZ KAG F Cs PLET PF RFQ IZ KF PFQ r@ KV PRNK rZ KA -
IA. x rVQ N gT BG PLXQ bIA RA IEO L@ RG ]Ec RN A KRG IEZ -
LE KN, DG A KA RN A rN Cv PEG A rX X JEQ RGQ X ^EGQ RNT,
N ?NT RNT OG PLXQ IA RA RE L@ eG PE RFK IZ KF PF, rA ONT -
PG @ ]N KRAQ PRFK EG IN KG PRG Iu E rG S@ KEG A RGQ CG @ SN OEQ
S@ PEGQ RFQ. < IZ KF PF DG A RNTQ ?NT RNT OG PRsQ Pu -
LAG KE RFK sI SOA PF LG A Ks AQ ET AGP HF PZ AQ, LG AQ Ks -
AQ E rN euQ, RFQ E rN euQ RFQ LF eA KuQ, RFQ ROE JuQ
RA et RF RAQ IAG RNT CT KA LG PLNt. mRX eNQ RNT IG Ku LA -
RNQ u RAK LZ A bA JF HG Ku E rA K@ PRA PF RFQ ET AGP HF PZ -
AQ c, F Ou MF LE N RG Cu rN RE rA JAG X, N RG Cu rN RE rA OA -
CN PG A IX PRFK Rse KF. nA A KRG IEZ LE KA CEK T r@O eNTK
LE LN KV Ls KA, X rVQ RZ rN RE CEK T r@O eEG LE LN KV Ls KN
PRFK rOAD LA RG Iu ]V u. nA A KRG IEZ LE KA AJ JF JN Rs LKN -
KRAG IAG Rs LKNTK RAT RX eON KA RN ev ON. kG IAJ JG Rs -
eKEQ RNT ?NT RNT OG PLNt eOF PG LN rNG NtK RNK X ON
bmTD eON KG IX RF RAc DG A KA T rN CF Jv PNTK RFK AJ JF -
JN CG EZP CT PF RVK E rG rs CVK, RNT ev ONT IAG RNT eOX -
KNT, RFQ LNO SuQ IAG RFQ A RLX PSAG OAQ. md AT RX RN
rJAZ PG N NO D@ KV KAK IAG RGQ bSNT RNT OG PRG IsQ BOA -
CGsQ c IT OZ VQ PE Hs A ROA, X rNT RAT RX eON KEQ rA ONT -
. 16. _:I DH _; I: (C.*, C.., 1881-1966), Zc CQC CA EHK C; <; D: I@K[, D: =A J? FHN J; F:, 8 =A P LA Cl eND DH >l.
' ;_5 51 H1 =1< 4D 61 ;1< 4,2 =A6 ]95 5, ]5a6 ;N^ ;0 A6 ]9? .1 72 9?: /9_6 =,? =C N:9 6, =9 3^ 7, 4,2 9 /_ :A Na :9< 0D 6,2 =9 4^ -
6=:9 =1< , 6, G` =1 ;1< =A6 *9? =9? :2 ;=a6
271
PG @ PEGQ A SF Du PE VK, A rAD DE JG vK rNG F L@ RVK (bJs -
MEGQ E JEt HE OEQ c eV OZQ Pt KRA MF) IAG SNT RNT OG PRG -
IuQ LNT PG IuQ (A KA LEZMEGQ HN Ot BVK A rX LF eA KsQ,
E IOu MEGQ, ROG MZ LA RA, IOAT DsQ I.@.) CF LG NTO DNt PAK
s KA Hs A LA COV Ls KVK rNT PT Ku HVQ RE JEZ V KE LE
rN JT R@ OA eEQ PT LrJN IsQ A K@ LE PA PE A DA KA IRG -
PLs KNTQ HE A RsQ rNT DG NT e@ OG ]AK IAG IAJ JG Rse KEQ
rNT E rG ION RNt PAK RGQ EI CF Jv PEGQ RFQ A rN CN IG LA -
PZ AQ RNTQ.
Q:N2=04=9624` 4,2 *9?=9?:2;7C<
. 17. ` ELQ EA H e; EL 6 DS ; (A+0,+', S+0\E*', 1888-1916),
d: IA H _A ; LQ E? (M. C&'00,+$, 1891-1957), ZdH ELjI -
E; d@ LIQ iH D@[ (1914).
V2 ._ 9 ,: N2 =^ 4=9 60< ], :9? ;D , ;,6 ;=9 W2 5+ 69 ;N^ .2 , 4,2
]:9 /:+7 7, =, /2 , 72 , K6^ , ]C 51L ;=16 9 ]9D , =, 4? 459 >9 :2 , -
4+ ]:9 -5` 7, =, 0 ]2 5_ 9 6=,2 .2 9 N0 =0_ 9 6=,< =2< ,: =1 :D 0< =1< 4? -
459 >9 :D ,< ;0 .2 , >9 :0 =2 4+ 0 ]D ]0 ., ]+ 6A 4,2 4+ =A , ]C =,
4=D :2 ,. V *9? =9? :2 ;7C< 07 >, 6D G0 =,2 ;=16 ,: N2 =0 4=9 62 4` 7^ -
;, , ]C =96 , ;], ;7C =1< ? ]0: 42 61 =2 4C =1 =,<, =1< :0? ;=C =1 =,<
4,2 =1< 502 =9?: /2 4C =1 =,< ,5 5+ 4,2 =1< ^ 6=, 81< =A6 , 6, 4, 5_ -
H0 A6 =1< 79 6=^: 6,< 0 ]2 ;=` 71< ;=1 ;_/ N:9 61 492 6A 6D ,. X=96
;N0 .2 , ;7C ,? =`< =1< K6^ ,< ]C 51< L 4? :2 ,: N9_6 4=D :2 , =,
9]9D , .2 , 79: >a 69 6=,2 ;0 ]95 5+ 0 ]D ]0 .,, =, 70 /+ 5, _ H1, 1
]5, ;=2 4` 04 70 =+5 50? ;1 =A6 .? 6, =9 =` =A6 =9? 7]0 =C6 4,2 72 ,
6^ , ,2; 31 =2 4` =1< =0N 69 59 /D ,<. Y, ;4D =;, ,? =+ 0 6^ ]60? ;,6
,: /C =0 :, ]95 59_< ,: N2 =^ 4=9 60< 4,2 0 ]1 :^ , ;,6 =16 0 8^ 52 81
=1< ;_/ N:9 61< ,: N2 =0 4=9 62 4`<.
bqOs rEG KA E SEt ONT LE IAG KA eRZ PNT LE RF SNT RNT OG -
PRG Iu rX JF, - rNT KA LNG @ ]EG LE s KA LE D@ JN, rN JT HX -
OT BN KAT rF DEZ N IAG KA EZ KAG PE X JA RA Ls OF RFQ ET IZ -
KF RF, ]V F Ou, CT KA LG Iu. nN SNT RNT OG PRG IX PrZ RG rOs -
rEG KA EZ KAG PAK LG A RE O@ PRG A LF eA Ku. k A KEJ IT PRu -
OAQ CEK rOs rEG rG A KA IOt BE RAG PAK PINT Ju IG PRN
SOs AO RFQ NG IN CN LuQ, IAG NG rE OGR RsQ rG A PI@ JEQ
rOs rEG KA E MA SA KG PRNtK. kG Ks NG A KEJ IT PRu OEQ HA E -
JZP PN KRAG rONQ RA r@ KV PAK SZ CG A A rX PZ CE ON IAG DT -
A JZ. nN PrZ RG A rX LrE RXK, A rX DT A JZ IAG PZ CE ON, eV OZQ
]V DOA SG Iu IAG eV OZQ PRN JZ CG A, LX KN LE RFK N LNO SG @
RVK DOAL LvK RNT IAG RVK LNO SvK RNT, RON LE O@ b@ -
PeF LNc PRF LF eA KG Iu RNT A rJX RF RA, PRN t ^NQ IAG PRN
rJ@ RNQ RNT PtL SV KN LE RGQ rN JE N CN LG IsQ CG A R@ MEGQ,
HA T ^v KE RAG r@ KV A rX RF BNT u LG AQ rN JT HX OT BFQ A -
BtP PNT: r@ KV A rX RN COX LN, rNT CEK A rJv KE RAG rG A
PAK rN CX LA IRON PRN IE SA JX PIA JN, AJ J@ BT HZ ]E RAG
AO IE RNtQ N OX SNTQ I@ RV A rX RFK E rG S@ KEG A RFQ DFQ"
NG X ON SNG AT RNZ E MT rF OE RNtK RFK A PRG Iu IT IJN SN OZ A
IAG PTK Cs N KRAG LE RA Mt RNTQ LE LE RAJ JG I@ DE ST O@ IG A
IAG IT JG X LE KEQ PI@ JEQ c.
h KRX KG N mAKd ; JZ A, nN L@ ]N lA OG Ks RG (T0..#30
M#2+/'44+, 1876-1944), % '
', 1914.
272
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h rX RA Ls PA RNT 19NT AG v KA F CG A S@ KEG A IAG RN
SVQ EZ KAG RA PtL BN JA RFQ Ks AQ E rN euQ. lE RA Ss -
ONTK RA LF Kt LA RA E KXQ Ks NT IX PLNT: RFK A rE JET -
Hs OV PF RNT AK HOv rNT A rX RN B@ ONQ RNT T JG INt,
RN Rs JNQ RNT CG A eV OG PLNt A K@ LE PA PRN Ls PA IAG
PRN s MV, PRN CG A SA KsQ IAG PRN A CG @ SA KN. x LVQ, RN
DT A JZ PRFK AO eG RE IRN KG Iu s eEG PTK CT A PREZ, IT OZ VQ
PRN rJAZ PG N RFQ b`T @ JG KFQ h JT PZ CAQ c RNT DEO LA KG -
INt ;M rOE PG N KG PLNt, LE RFK sK KNG A RFQ I@ HAO PFQ
IAG RFQ AK HOv rG KFQ PV RF OZ AQ. b< E rG S@ KEG A RFQ
DFQ HA s rAGO KE LG A @J JF EG IX KA, E @K RN DT A JZ A KRG -
IA HG PRNt PE RN RNt BJN PRFK AO eG RE IRN KG Iu... HA
LrN ONt PA LE KA s eNT LE s KAK rA O@ CEG PN PRF DF IAG
CE HA T ruO eE IA LG @ A K@ DIF KA ^@e KNT LE KN PRAJ DG -
I@ DGA @J JNTQ rA OA CEZ PNTQ c, s DOA SE N rNG F RuQ
q@ NTJ ms EO LrAO R (P#5- S%*''2$#24) PRN sO DN RNT
< b 'c (G-#3#2%*+4',452) RN
1914.
T0 DT A JZ PE PTK CT A PLX LE RN Ls RAJ JN, IT OZ VQ
LE RN A RP@ JG, CG A rEO K@ RFK bLN KRsO KAc A KRZ JF ^F
RFQ AO eG RE IRN KG IuQ rNT PRX eET E PRF BEJ RZ V PF RVK
PTK HF IvK RFQ ]V uQ RNT AK HOv rNT. < CG A S@ KEG A
RFQ DT @ JG KFQ AO eG RE IRN KG IuQ LrN OEZ KA N CF Du PEG,
LE RF PTL LE RN eu RNT JA Nt, PE s KA Ks N rN JG RG PLX.
mRNG eEZ A AT RNt RNT rN JG RG PLNt HA EZ KAG F E rG PRON -
Su PE LG A bST PG Iuc IA R@ PRA PF RNT AK HOv rNT, PE
LG A ING KV KZ A PTJ JN DG Iu IAG N LNG N DE Ku, NO DA KV Ls KF
Dt OV A rX RFK E JEt HE OF AO eG RE IRN KG Iu sI SOA PF.
nN 1918 G COt HF IE RN A2$'+4342#4 (52 K5/34 (;O DA -
RG IX mTL BNt JG N DG A RFK nse KF), PRX eNQ RNT N rNZ NT
u RAK F rON v HF PF LG AQ Ks AQ AO eG RE IRN KG IuQ DG A
XJNTQ RNTQ AK HOv rNTQ Ls PA A rX RF PTK CON Lu
XJVK RVK REe KvK. mRN rJAZ PG N AT RuQ RFQ N L@ CAQ NG
AO eG Rs IRN KEQ A KA rRtP PNTK LG A E rA KA PRA RG Iu CO@ -
PF LE PRX eN RFK A KNG IN CX LF PF RFQ IA RE PROAL Ls -
KFQ A rX RNK rX JE LN ING KV KZ AQ RFQ `EO LA KZ AQ. <
AO eG RE IRN KG Iu HA A rN RE JNt PE RN bIA RA PIET A PRG IX
rKEt LAc RFQ CF LN IOA RG IuQ `EO LA KZ AQ. < N L@ CA HA
CG A JT HEZ LE RNK EO eN LX RNT KA ]G PLNt.
' Y^N61 ;=`6 &55+.,
< EJ JF KG Iu Rse KF CEK A IN JNt HF PE RGQ ET OV -
rAUIsQ rOV RN rN OZ EQ LE RN OTH LX rNT E IEZ KEQ E KAJ -
J@P PN KRAK. h IN JNt HF PE @J JF CG A CON Lu, RNT J@ eG -
PRNK eON KG Iu, IAG LX KN LE R@ RF CEt RE OF CE IA E RZ A
RNT 20Nt AG v KA PT KRN KZ PRF IE LE RFK ET OV rAUIu
Rse KF. h IOG BvQ PRN Dt OG PLA RNT AG v KA rs HA KAK NG
LE D@ JNG C@ PIA JNG RFQ KE N EJ JF KG IuQ ]V DOA SG IuQ.
nN 1901 N jG IX JA NQ `t ]FQ IAG RN 1904 N jG IF SX -
ONQ it ROAQ. mE AT R@ RA rOv RA eOX KG A RNT AG v KA F
EJ JF KG Iu Rse KF Hs JF PE KA A rN CE PLET REZ A rX RFK
rON PIXJ JF PF PRA A IA CF LAUI@ rOX RT rA IAG EL S@ -
KG PE LG A AO Du AJ J@ PRA HE Ou A KA KE V RG Iu rN OEZ A. h -
. 18. E6 IA] dj EL?D JHE (E.'"& M$+#$*/,&+), Zc hkI >HK LHN
`OEJL:AE[ (1919-1923), hQ LJEL;F.
V W^ 6=05 ;96 ^ /2 60 /6A ;=C< , ]C =9 1919 /2 , =, ;4D =;, =1<
>, 6=, ;=2 4`< ,: N2 =0 4=9 62 4`< ]9? ;N0 .D , G0. c =,6 =9? .C 31 40
1 0? 4,2 :D , 6, ;N0 .2 + ;02 =96 ]_: /9 - , ;=:9 69 72 4C ], :, =1 :1 -
=` :2 9 4,2 4^ 6=:9 0 ]2 ;=1 79 62 4`< ^ :0? 6,<, =C =0 3^ 51 ;0 6,
]:,/ 7, =9 ]92 ` ;02 ^ 6, , ]C ,? =+. ' 40 6=:2 4` 2 .^ , =9? ^: /9?
`=,6 ^ 6, 4=D :2 9 , ]C =;2 7^ 6=9, ]9? /06 62 ^ =,2 7^ ;, , ]C ^ 6, 4, -
59_ ]2. [ 6, 4=D :2 9 ]9? ]5+ 30 =,2 C ]A< ^ 6, /5? ]=C 4,2 C ]9? 1
502 =9?: /D , ;?6 .? + G0 =,2 70 =1 79: >`. V2 ]5, ;=2 4^< .? 6, =C -
=1 =0< =9? ? 52 49_ 3, , ]0 50? 3^ :A 6,6 =16 ,: N2 =0 4=9 62 4`, 4,2 92
79: >^< =1< 3, 7]9 :9_ ;,6 6, , 6, ]=? N39_6 70 ]5` :1 0 50? -
30 :D ,. c 7A<, 1 .? ;49 5D , =1< 4, =, ;40? `< =A6 4, 59? ]2 a6 4,2
2 .D A< =A6 4, 7]_ 5A6 79: >a6 9 .` /1 ;,6 ;=9 4=D ;2 79 =9? 4=2 -
:D 9? 70 =9_ -5, ]9? 0 ]2 4, 5_ >31 4,6 70 =;2 7^ 6=9. Q ]9 =0 50D 72,
]:,/ 7, =9 ]9D 1 ;1 =1< 08 ]:0 ;2 9 62 ;=2 4`< ,: N2 =0 4=9 62 4`< 70 =+
=96 QE \, /4C ;72 9 \C 50 79.
273
. 19. _PE JL; ELS EHK d; Dj ;K (1879-1928), ZfH iS H L@K `L LA ClK[ (1920 i? IS iHN), D: =A J? ];I LQ EA, 0,31 3 0,44 F., ` Bl E;,
dHN J?S H ^Hk IHN -6N L; GS ;.
Q ]C =9?< [5 51 60< ]9? 0 ]1 :0 +; 31 4,6 , ]C =1 GA /:, >2 4` =A6 *A-, NA :D< C 7A< 6, 7]9 :9_6 6, =,? =2 ;=9_6 0 6=0 5a< 7, GD =9?<,
0D 6,2 9 W, 5^ ,<. Q ]C =, 4_ :2 , N, :, 4=1 :2 ;=2 4+ =1< .9? 502 +< =9?, .2 , 4:D 69? 70 K=1 /0 :`, ,: N2 =0 4=9 61 7^ 61 .9 7`, =16 ^ 6=9 61 =+ -
;1 ]:9< =16 , ]59 ]9D 1 ;1, =9 /0 A 70 =:2 ;7C, ;=92 N0D , ]9? 0D N,6 A< , ]9 =^ 50 ;7, 6, 4, =9: 3a 602 6, , ]9 .D .02 .D NA< :1 =9 :0D 0<
=16 4:?7 7^ 61 H? N2 4C =1 =, =9? 30 , =9_ 4C ;79?. Y2< , :0 =^< ,? =^< ^: N0 =,2 6, 0 62 ;N_ ;02 72 , ]59_ ;2 ,, ^ 6=9 61 N:A 7, =2 4` .2 + 30 ;1,
70 -+ ;1 4, 3, :+ N:a 7, =, ` =9 62 4^< .2 , -,3 7D ;02< 4,2 , 6=2 3^ ;02<, ]9? ;N1 7, =D G9?6 ;?N 6+ N:A 7, =2 4^< 61 ;D .0< L, Y. X]1 =^ :1<,
fI?AK ;A m E?K b? H ?D D@ EA ClK Lj] E@K, Q 3` 6,, 1979, ;.62.
IX LA IAG F PT KRF OF RG Iu IOG RG Iu, LE RGQ rON CG A DE -
DOAL Ls KEQ rONP CN IZ EQ A rX RNK IAJ JG Rse KF IAG RN
sO DN RNT, E rE Pu LA KE X RG F Rse KF EZ eE SR@ PEG PE
ACG s MN CN Ls PA A rX RFK E rA K@ JF ^F RVK HE L@ RVK
IAG RVK EI SOA PRG IvK Ls PVK, IAG F s LrKET PF s LNG -
A ]E rG A KA PRE OEt EG.
< CG @ HE PF A KA Ks V PFQ S@ KF IE X RAK, PRF Hs PF
RNT A IA CF LAUINt OE A JG PLNt IAG RFQ F HN DOA SZ AQ
LE RGQ A IA CF LAUIsQ AO esQ (rG PRX RF RA PRN LN KRs JN,
IA JN CNT JE Ls KN eOv LA, E rG LN Ku PRGQ JE rRN Ls OEG -
EQ), PRA CG A I@ NG ]V DO@ SNG CNt JE ^AK RFK RN rG N DOA -
SZ A LE CG @ HE PF KA CNTK RN RN rZ N I@ RV A rX RN @ rJE -
RN EJ JF KG IX SVQ. lG IOsQ AJ J@ PRA HE OsQ A KA RON -
rsQ PRFK EG IA PRG Iu sI SOA PF, F DOu DN OF rG KE JG @, s -
KA Pes CG N JG DX RE ON PSG IRX PRN rE OZ DOAL L@ RNT, F
A KA ]u RF PF RFQ sI SOA PFQ Ls PA A rX RFK E rZ rE CF
rA O@ HE PF RVK eOV L@ RVK, RN OET PRX eOv LA rON E -
RNZ LA PAK RN s CA SNQ DG A RNK rEG OA LA RG PLX IAG RFK
A KA ]u RF PF.
nN 1917, PRFK IA HN OG PRG IuQ PF LA PZ AQ sI HE PF
RFQ bk L@ CAQ nse KFQ c, A K@ LE PA PE @J JNTQ A KRG SA -
RG INtQ IAJ JG Rse KEQ, EI Hs RNTK NG ROEGQ rOV RN rX ONG
]V DO@ SNG, rNT HA A KNZ MNTK N OG PRG I@ RN COX LN DG A
RGQ IAG KNt OG EQ R@ PEGQ: N gVK PRA KRZ KNQ qAO Hs KFQ
(1878-1967), N gVK PRA KRZ KNQ lA Js AQ (1879-1928)
IAG N jG IX JA NQ it ROAQ (1883-1927). [< RAK F rOv RF
SN O@ rNT LG A N L@ CA IAJ JG REe KvK, LE LX KF E rG CZ V -
MF RFK EG IA PRG Iu A KA Ks V PF, PT PrEG Ov HF IE IAG CG A -
274
SN ON rNG u HF IE A rX RN bmtK CE PLN ;J Ju KVK gAJ JG -
REe KvK c, RN SN Os A PRNK N rNZ N A Ku IE RN LE D@ JN
rJu HNQ RVK IAJ JG REe KvK RNT RX rNT. < HE LA RN DOA -
SZ A RNTQ EZ KAG IT OZ VQ F RN rG N DOA SZ A. ; IEZ KA rNT
RNTQ PT Ks CE PAK u RAK F CG A HE PF DG A T rN IEG LE KG Iu
sI SOA PF, N rEG OA LA RG PLXQ IAG F RXJ LF. h rs ST DAK
RA DKV PR@ LN KN r@ RG A RVK A IA CF LAUIvK PT KRA DvK
IAG A KA ]u RF PAK LG A ]V DOA SG Iu rNT rE OGP PX RE ON
PRF OZ eRF IE PRN rEZ OA LA PeE RG I@ LE RNK ROX rN LE
RNK NrNZN HA A rs CG CAK RNK ROGP CG @ PRA RN ev ON, RN
EJ JF KG IX SVQ, RN eOv LA.
kG E rA KA PRA RG IsQ rON PED DZ PEGQ X LVQ RX PN RVK
HE L@ RVK X PN IAG RVK eOV L@ RVK u RAK Ct PIN JN KA
A SN LNG V HNtK A rX RN A HF KAUIX SG JX REe KN ING KX eV -
OZQ A KRGO Ou PEGQ. x RAK AT RX s DG KE, PT Ks rE PE LE ING -
KV KG IN rN JG RG IsQ PT DIT OZ EQ rNT ET KN Nt PAK RFK
AKA Ks V PF IAG RFK AJ JA Du LE LG A Rse KF rNT HA u RAK
rE OGP PX RE ON EJ JF KG Iu rA O@ ET OV rAUIu.
lE R@ RF CEt RE OF CE IA E RZ A RNT 20Nt AG v KA ]V -
DO@ SNG IAG DJt rREQ A Ks rRT MAK RA CG I@ RNTQ EG IA -
PRG I@ bG CG v LA RAc, @J JN RE E rF OE A PLs KNG A rX RA ET -
OV rAUI@ IG Ku LA RA, @J JN RE A rX RFK EJ JF KG Iu IJF ON -
KN LG @, I@ KN KRAQ RFK EJ JF KG Iu Rse KF KA A rN IRu PEG
RF CG Iu RFQ AT RX KN LF rN OEZ A.
20
275
. 20. _PE JL; ELS EHK h;I Bj E@K (1878-1967), ZfH
aA F: EA L@K _; D; F: L;K[ (1911), D: =A J?
FHN J; F:, 0,75 3 0,75 F., ` Bl E;, hA E; CH -
Bl C@ C;A dHN J?S H `D. eHk LVHN.
' ;N1 7, =9 ]9D 1 ;1 =A6 79: >a6, 1 , 6=2 ], :+ 30 ;1
30: 7a6 4,2 H? N:a6 N:A 7+ =A6, , ]9 7, 4:_ 69?6 =9
^: /9 , ]C =1 :0 , 52 ;=2 4` , ]C .9 ;1. V 9? :, 6C< , ]9 -
.D .0 =,2 2 7]:0 ;2 9 62 ;=2 4+. Q ]C =9?< ]:A =9 ]C :9?< =1<
05 51 62 4`< GA /:, >2 4`<, 9 \,: 3^ 61<, + 692 80 =9
.:C 79 /2 , 6^ 0< 02 4, ;=2 4^< ]:9 =+ ;02<, , >` 69 6=,<
]D ;A 9 :2 ;=2 4+ =96 , 4, .1 7,@4C ;? 6=1 :1 =2 ;7C, .1 72 -
9?: /a 6=,< =2< ]:9B]9 3^ ;02< 6, , ]9 4=` ;02 1 05 51 -
62 4` GA /:, >2 4` =1 .2 4` =1< >? ;2 9 /6A 7D ,.
. 21. bA CQ D; HK ak LI;K (1883-1927), ZfH W: -
BAEH C; ij DH[, D: =A J? FHN J; F:,
0,86]0,66F., ` Bl E;, 6 BEA Cl hA E; CH Bl C@.
Q ]C =9?< =0 50? =,D 9?< 0/ /:, >^ 6=0< ;=16 Q 4, .1 7D ,
=9? W9 6+ N9? 70 =+ =16 , ]9 >9D =1 ;` =9? , ]C =1 XN9 -
5` P, 5a6 Y0N 6a6, =, 5, 6=9_ N9< 4,5 52 =^N 61< 9 R_ -
=:,<, ^ G1 ;0 5D /9, .1 72 9_: /1 ;0 C 7A< =^ =92 9 ^: /9
a ;=0 6, 4, =, =+; ;0 =,2 ;=9?< ]:A =9 ]C :9?< =1< 60 -
9 05 51 62 4`< =^N 61<. Q ]C =9?< ]:A =9 ;=+ =0< =1<
KV7+ .,< Y^N 61< L, 0 ]1 :0 + ;=1 40 , ]C =96 08 ]:0 ;2 9 -
62 ;7C NA :D< 6, ], :, 79: >a 602 ;=9 ;N^ .2 9 =2<
79: >^<, ,5 5+ .9? 50_ 9 6=,< 70 ^ 6=, ;1 =9 N:a 7,.
X=9 KH+ 32 69 4, ]^5 9L, 0 40D 6, ]9? 04 ]5`; ;9?6 0D 6,2
1 4, 3, :C =1 =,, 1 ]? 46C =1 =, =9? ? 52 49_ 4,2 1 ^ 6=, ;1
=9? N:a 7, =9<, ]9? .06 7]9 :0D ], :+ 6, ;?6 .0 30D
70 =1 >A =02 6C =1 =, =9? 05 51 62 49_ 4, 59 4,2 :2 69_
`529?. Y9 N:a 7, , ]5a 60 =,2 ;0 4, 3, :+ N:A 7, =2 4+
.2 , Ga 7, =, ;=9 >C 6=9, 4,2 =9 ^: /9 -, ;D G0 =,2 ;=1
N:A 7, =2 4` ;N^ ;1 =9? -, ;2 49_ 4D =:2 69? 70 =9 ;? -
7]51 :A 7, =2 4C 7A- ]9? N:A 7, =D G02 =1 >2 /9_ :,.
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]? :+, ,? =C ]9? 7]9 :9_ 70 6, , 6=2 51 >39_ 70 , 7^ -
;A< 0D 6,2 72 , -D ,2 1 4D 61 ;1 4,2 72 , , 6, =, :, N`.
. 29. ^; JS DN _; ELSE JCN, 7 iIm L@ ; M@ I@ Fj E@
N=; LH >I; MS ; (1910), N =; LH >I; MS ;, 0,50
3 0,65 F., h; IS JA, dHN J?S H dH ELjI E;K
fj] E@K.
Y, N:a 7, =, 4,2 =, ;N` 7, =, ,2 A :9_ 6=,2 /0 7+ =, 4D -
61 ;1, 70 ;=C N9 6, .2 0 /0D :9?6 =, ;? 6,2; 3` 7, =, 4,2
=1 >, 6=, ;D , =9? 30 , =`. V P, 6=D ;4? ;E,? =C =9 ^: /9
.1 72 9?: /0D 72 , ;_6 30 ;1 70 N:a 7, =, 4,2 /:,7 7^<
]9? ^ N9?6 ;=C N9 =16 , ]0? 30D ,< 0 ]2 492 6A 6D , 70 =9
30 , =`. P, 6^ 6, , 6=2 40D 70 69 ` , 6, >9 :+ ;=96 4C ;79
]9? /D 60 =,2 , 6=2 51 ]=C< 70 =2< ,2; 3` ;02< .06 ^ ]:0 -
]0 6, ], :07 -+5 50 =,2 , 6+ 70 ;, ;=9 ^: /9 4,2 ;=9
30 , =`, /2 , =D 1 0 ]2 492 6A 6D , =9?< ^ ]:0 ]0 6, /D 60 =,2
7C 69 ;=9 0 ]D ]0 .9 =9? ]60_ 7, =9< ` =9? 0 ;A =0 :2 49_
4C ;79?.
282
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