10504organismo Sesilesymoviles Lit Rocos PDF

Organismos Ssiles y Mviles
Mobile and Sessile organisms
del Litoral Rocoso: en el Pacfico Colombiano
in the Rocky Shore of the Colombian Pacific
ORGANISMOS
SSILES Y MVILES
DEL LITORAL ROCOSO EN EL PACFICO COLOMBIANO:
UNA GUA VISUAL PARA SU IDENTIFICACIN
SESSILE AND MOBILE
ORGANISMS
IN THE ROCKY SHORE OF THE COLOMBIAN PACIFIC:
A VISUAL GUIDE TO THEIR IDENTIFICATION
Citacin sugerida: Garca-Surez, SD., Acosta, A., Londoo-Cruz, E., Cantera K, JR. 2012. Organismos Ssiles y Mviles del Litoral Rocoso: en el Pacfico Colombiano: Una Gua Visual para su Identificacin. INVEMAR Serie de Documentos Especiales No. 26. Unin Grfica
Ltda. Bogot D.C. Colombia, 133 p.
Suggested citation: Garca-Surez, SD., Acosta, A., Londoo-Cruz, E., Cantera K, JR. 2012. Sessile and Mobile Organisms from Rocky
Shore: in the Colombian Pacific: A Visual Guide to their Identification. INVEMAR Serie de Documentos Especiales No. 26. Unin Grfica
Ltda. Bogot D.C. Colombia, 133 p.
1. PACIFICO COLOMBIANO. 2. IDENTIFICACIN TAXONMICA. 3. ORGANISMOS SSILES. 4. ORGANISMOS MVILES. 5. LITORAL
ROCOSO. I. Garca-Surez, Samuel David. II. Acosta, Alberto. III. Londoo-Cruz, Edgardo. IV. Cantera K, Jaime R.
1. COLOMBIAN PACIFIC. 2. TAXONOMIC IDENTIFICATION. 3. SESSILE ORGANISMS. 4. MOBILE ORGANISMS. 5.
ROCKY SHORE. I. Garca-Surez, Samuel David. II. Acosta, Alberto.III. Londoo-Cruz, Edgardo. IV. Cantera K, Jaime R.
ORGANISMOS
SSILES Y MVILES
DEL LITORAL ROCOSO EN EL PACFICO COLOMBIANO:

Organismos mviles y ssiles de litoral rocoso del Pacifico Colombiano : Una gua visual para su identificacin / Samuel David Garca
Surez[et al.] ; traduccin Gypsy Espaol. -- 1a ed.--Bogot: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana : Fundacin Malpelo y otros Ecosistemas Marinos : Conservacin Internacional Colombia ; [Cali] : Universidad de Valle, 2011.
UNA GUA VISUAL PARA SU IDENTIFICACIN
133 p.: ilustraciones a color, fotos, diagramas, mapas; 24 cm.

Incluye referencias bibliogrficas (p. 125-133).
ISBN: 978-958-716-516-6
SESSILE AND MOBILE
Textos en espaol e ingls.

1. ORGANISMOS MARINOS - REGIN PACFICA (COLOMBIA).2. ORGANISMOS SSILES - REGIN PACFICA (COLOMBIA). 3.
LITORAL - REGIN PACFICA (COLOMBIA). 4. FAUNA DE LITORAL - REGIN PACFICA (COLOMBIA). 5. FLORA DE LITORAL
- REGIN PACFICA (COLOMBIA). 6. BIOLOGA - REGIN PACFICA (COLOMBIA) - CLASIFICACIN. I. Garca Surez, Samuel
David, 1986-. II. Acosta. Alberto.III. Londoo-Cruz, Edgardo. IV. Cantera Kintz, Jaime Ricardo. V. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana.
Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento de Biologa.
CDD
574.92 ed. 20
ORGANISMS
FROM ROCKY SHORE IN THE COLOMBIAN PACIFIC:
A VISUAL GUIDE TO THEIR IDENTIFICATION
Catalogacin en la publicacin - Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Biblioteca Alfonso Borrero Cabal, S.J.
ech.
Diciembre14 / 2011
Todos los Derechos Reservados Copyright 2011 10-311-229

Las fotografas pueden ser reproducidas con autorizacin de los autores
Photographs may be reproduced with authors permission
Incluye referencias bibliogrficas
Includes bibliographical references
Texto en espaol e ingls
Text in Spanish and English
Fotografa portada (Cover images):
Santuario de Fauna y Flora Isla Malpelo.

Fundacin Malpelo y otros Ecosistemas Marinos.
Fotografas (Photographs by):
Samuel D. Garca S. - Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos

Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Miguel A. Ruz D.
Fundacin Malpelo y otros Ecosistemas Marinos
Melina Rodrguez, Luis H. Chasqui-INVEMAR, Edgardo Londoo, Jaime Cantera,
Graham Edgar, Juan A. Snchez UniAndes.
Diseo y diagramacin (Design and Layout):
Lina Prez Siculaba (linasicu@gmail.com)

Samuel D. Garca S. (samdgarcia@hotmail.com)
Traduccin (Translation):
Gypsy Espaol (idefixgd@yahoo.es)

Samuel D. Garca S. (samdgarcia@hotmail.com)
Impreso (Printed by):
Unin Grfica Ltda
Samuel David Garca Surez 1

Alberto Acosta 1
Edgardo Londoo-Cruz 2
Jaime R. Cantera K.2
1. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biologa,
UNESIS, Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Estratgicos.
2. Universidad del Valle, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de
Biologa.
Bogot D.C. 2012
Colombia
Agradecemos el envo de comentarios, correcciones, imgenes, bibliografa o sugerencias para incluir nuevas especies a los
correos electrnico: samuel.garcia@javeriana.edu.co, laacosta@javeriana.edu.co, edgardo.londono@correounivalle.edu.co,
jaime.cantera@correounivalle.edu.co
We appreciate any comments, corrections, images, bibliographies or suggestions regarding other species to be included,
please forward them to: samuel.garcia@javeriana.edu.co, laacosta@javeriana.edu.co, edgardo.londono@correounivalle.edu.co,
jaime.cantera@correounivalle.edu.co
CONTENIDO / CONTENTS
GRUPOS PRINCIPALES / MAIN GROUPS........................14

Organismos Ssiles / Sessile Organisms..............14
Productores primarios / Primary producers.............14
Plantae..................14
Phaeophyta....14
Dyctiota adnata...................................................14
Lobophora variegata...........................................14
Rhodophyta15
Amphiroa sp. ...........................................15
Bostrychia radicans.........15
Gelidium sp. ..........................16
Chlorophyta...16
Boodleopsis verticillata...........16
Bryopsis sp. ....................17
Cladophora albida...........17
Productores secundarios (filtradores) / Secondary producers (filterfeeders)............18
Animalia...18
Porifera..........18
Amorphinopsis sp. ....................18
Aplysina sp. .......................18
Carteriospongia sp. .................................19
Haliclona sp. .............................19
Morfo / Morpho 1.............................................19
Morfo / Morpho 2.........20
Placospongia carinata............20
Prosuberites aff. laughlini ......21
Suberea azteca............21
Cnidaria.........22
Hydrozoa..........22
Hidroides / Hydroids
Macrorhynchia philippina......................22
Hidrocorales / Hydrocorals
Distichopora robusta........................................23
Anthozoa..........23
Corales Blandos / Soft corals
Carijoa riisei......23
Leptogorgia alba......24
Pacifigorgia cairnsi......24
Corales Duros / Hard corals
Gardineroseris planulata.25
Pavona gigantea......25
Pavona varians.26
Pocillopora capitata................26
Pocillopora eydouxi.................27
Porites lobata....27
Porites panamensis.....28
Tubastrea coccinea.........28
Zoantideos / Zoanthids
Zoanthus sp. ..................29
Bryozoa......30
Celleporaria sp. .....................30
Familia / Family Lichenoporidae..30
Chordata........31
Familia / Family Didemnidae...........31
Morfo /Morpho 1........31
Morfo /Morpho 2........31
Mollusca........32
Gastropoda..........32
Petaloconchus sp. .................32
Bivalvia.............33
Limaria pacifica........33
Ostrea fisheri............33
Pinctada mazatlanica..........34
Saccostrea palmula.............34
Annelida.35
Polychaeta...........35
Familia / Family Sabellariidae........................35
Arthropoda.36
Maxillopoda....36
Balanus peninsularis...............36
Chthamalus sp. ..................36
Tetraclita panamensis.............37
Organismos Mviles / Mobile Organisms.............................38
Invertebrados (productores secundarios) / Invertebrates (Secondary producers).................38
Echinodermata.........38
Asteroidea.........................38
Acanthaster planci.......38
Mithrodia bradleyi...................38
Nidorellia armata.................39
Pentaceraster cumingi...................39
Morfo / Morpho 1...39
Morfo / Morpho 2..........40
Pharia pyramidata...............40
Phataria unifascialis.......................41
Ophiuroidea..............................42
Familia / Family Ophiactidae....42
Morfo / Morpho 1...........42
Morfo / Morpho 2...........42
Morfo / Morpho 3...........43
Morfo / Morpho 4...........43
Ophiocoma aethiops...........44
Ophiothela mirabilis.........44
Ophiothela sp. ................45
Echinoidea............................46
Eucidaris thouarsii...........46
Hesperocidaris asteriscus......46
Centrostephanus coronatus...47
Diadema mexicanum...47
Echinometra vanbrunti....48
Toxopneustes roseus......48
Tripneustes depressus...........49
Holothuroide.....................................50
Holothuria fuscocinerea.................50
Holothuria hilla.............50
Holothuria (Selenkothuria) portovallartensis...........51
Isostichopus fuscus...........................................................51
Mollusca........52
Polyplacophora..........52
Acanthochitona hirudiniformis..................52
Chiton stokesii..........................................52
Gastropoda..............53
Caracoles y lapas / Snails and Limpets
Archaeogastropoda...................................................53
Diodora inaequalis...........53
Diodora saturnalis...............53
Fissurella microtrema..........................................54
Fissurella virescens................54
Scurria mesoleuca.......55
Siphonaria gigas............................55
Siphonaria maura............56
Nerita funiculta.............57
Nerita scabricosta...................57
Tegula pallisserpentis..........................................58
Tegula panamensis......58
Mesogastropoda................................................59
Cerithium adustum.....................59
Cypraea robertsi.....................59
Littoraria varia.....................60
Littorina zebra.........................60
Macrocypraea cervinetta...................61
Nodilittorina aspera............................................................61
Nodilittorina modesta..........62
Planaxis planicostatus.......................................................62
Simnia sp. ..........................63
Morfo / Morpho 1....................63
Morfo / Morpho 2....................63
Morfo / Morpho 3....................64
Trivia pacifica..........................64
Zonaria arabicula...........................65
Neogastropoda..................................................65
Acanthais brevidentata.......65
Cantharus ringens...........66
PRLOGO / PREFACE.............................8
INTRODUCCIN / INTRODUCTION.................10
CMO USAR ESTA GUA - HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE...............12
Chicoreus regius.................66
Columbella major.......................67
Conus brunneus.....................67
Engina maura.............................68
Engina pulchra........................................................68
Hexaplex (Muricanthus) princeps.............69
Hexaplex radix.............69
Leucozonia cerata.............................................................70
Neorapana muricata........70
Nucella (Thais) melones....................................................71
Opeathostoma pseudodon................................................71
Phos sp. ....................72
Pleuroploca princeps..............72
Purpura columellaris...............73
Purpura pansa.................73
Thais (Thaisella) kiosquiformis..............74
Thais triangularis.........................................................74
Morfo / Morpho 1...................................74
Morfo / Morpho 2...................................75
Babosas marinas / Sea slugs

Sacoglossa......................76
Elysia diomedea..............76
Nudibranchia...................76
Familia / Family Aeolidiidae....................76
Glaucus atlanticus...............77
Hypselodoris agassizii............77
Phidiana lascrucensis.........78
Systellommatophora......................................................78
Dolabrifera dolabrifera.....78
Onchidella hildae....................79
Arthropoda..............80
Pycnogonida................80
Anoplodactylus sp. ..........80
Malacostraca...............81
Decapoda................81
Aniculus elegans.............81
Calcinus obscurus.......81
Cronius ruber...........82
Eryphia squamata........82
Familia / Family Porcellanidae.........83
Morfo / Morpho 1................................83
Morfo / Morpho 2................................83
Morfo / Morpho 3................................84
Morfo / Morpho 4................................84
Grapsus grapsus.........85
Menippe obtusa.......85
Mithraculus sp. ..................86
Morfo / Morpho 1.......86
Pachygrapsus transversus.....88
Paguristes sp. ..............88
Panopeus sp. ...............89
Panulirus penicillatus...89
Petrolisthes donadio...........90
Pilumnus sp. .............90
Morfo / Morpho 4 (megalopa) ................................92
Morfo / Morpho 5 (juvenil)............................................................92
Morfo / Morpho 6..........................................................................93
Stenorhynchus debilis.....94
Synalpheus sp. ...........................95
Teleophrys sp. .................95
Uca (Leptuca) panamensis............96
Uca (Minuca) vocator..........96
Uca stylifera..........97
Isopoda................97
Ligia baudiniana.......97
Familia / Family Anthuridae.............98

Morfo / Morpho 3......................................................................................99
Amphipoda..........................100
Suborden / Suborder Gammaridea....................100
Morfo / Morpho 1.......................100
Morfo / Morpho 2.......................100
Morfo / Morpho 3.......................101
Morfo / Morpho 4.......................101
Morfo / Morpho 5.......................102
Morfo / Morpho 6.......................102
Morfo / Morpho 7.......................103
Vertebrados / Vertebrates.....................104
Chordata........................104
Peces / Fish
Anguilliformes.......................104
Gymnothorax dovii...................104
Beryciformes.........................104
Myripristis leiognathus.............104
Perciformes.......................105
Acanthemblemaria stephensi..........105
Apogon atradorsatus................105
Axoclinus rubinoffi.............106
Cirrhitichthys oxycephalus...........106
Cirrhitus rivulatus..............107
Dermatolepis dermatolepis (juvenil)...........107
Dermatolepis dermatolepis..........108
Epinephelus labriformis...................................................108
Holacanthus passer (juvenil)......................109
Holacanthus passer.....................109
Johnrandallia nigrirostris............................110
Labrisomus dendriticus............110
Lepidonectes bimaculata.........111
Microspathodon bairdii (juvenil).....................111
Ophioblennius steindachneri.......112
Opistognathus panamensis................112
Prionurus laticlavius..........113
Stegastes arcifrons........................................113
Stegastes beebei..................114
Thalassoma lucasanum ..............114
Scorpaeniformes..........................115
Scorpaena mystes................115
Tetraodontiformes...........................115
Arothron meleagris (fase negra)....................115
Arothron meleagris (fase amarilla - juvenil)..............116
Canthigaster punctatissima........................116
Diodon holacanthus.........................117
Balistes polylepis.............................117
DIAGRAMA TAXONMICO DE Organismos Ssiles / TAXONOMIC SCHEME FOR Sessile Organisms..........118
DIAGRAMA TAXONMICO DE Organismos Mviles / TAXONOMIC SCHEME FOR Mobile Organisms...119
MAPA DE LOCALIDADES CITADAS EN ESTA GUIA / MAP OF SITES MENTIONED IN THIS GUIDE............122
Agradecimientos / Acknowledgements....................124
Bibliografa / Bibliography
PROLOGO
PREFACE
El Litoral Rocoso posee alto potencial econmico para Colombia dado que, el valor bioprospectivo de sus componentes es muy elevado y las especies poseen alto insumo biotecnolgico (163). Por ejemplo, los octocorales, son
fuente de compuestos bioactivos, con propiedades anti-inflamatorias y analgsicas (163). Las anmonas poseen
neurotoxinas, utilizadas en el tratamiento de enfermedades como la esquizofrenia, epilepsia, Alzheimer y Parkinson (164). Adems, de productos farmacolgicos; otros biocompuestos se utilizan en la produccin de fibras, cosmticos, alimentos y accesorios. Este potencial es desafortunadamente subvalorado, en parte a raz de la escasa
investigacin que se realiza en torno a este ecosistema (1). El litoral rocoso proporciona bienes y servicios, dentro
de los que se destacan alimento (recurso pesquero), fibras, materiales para la construccin, frmacos, recursos
genticos y de ornamento (servicios de aprovisionamiento), como tambin una variedad de servicios de soporte,
hbitat y microhbitats para el establecimiento de la biodiversidad, productividad primaria, reciclado de nutrientes,
gases invernadero, esenciales para preservar la vida (2) y otros servicios como la proteccin de la costa contra la
erosin marina, su valor paisajstico y el atractivo turstico del litoral (1).
The rocky shore has huge economic potential for Colombia given the high bioprospecting value of its
components (163). Species have high biotechnological input (163). For example, octocorals are a source of bioactive
compounds with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties (163). Anemones have neurotoxins used in
the treatment of diseases such as schizophrenia, epilepsy, Alzheimers and Parkinson (164). Additionally to
pharmacological products, other biocomposites are used in the production of fibers, cosmetics, food and
accessories. This potential is undervalued partly because of the limited research conducted about this
ecosystem (1). The rocky shore is a source of goods and services, particularly food (fishery resources), fibers,
construction materials, pharmaceuticals, genetic resources and ornamentals (procurement services), as
well as a variety of support services such as habitats and microhabitats for the establishment of biodiversity, primary productivity, nutrient recycling, and greenhouse gases, which are all essential to sustain life
(2)
. Additionally, this system offers other services such as the protection against marine erosion, added
landscape value and an increase in the shores draw as a tourist attraction (4).
El estudio del Litoral Rocoso ha sido un gran desafo cientfico, por su amplia extensin y poca accesibilidad. Para
el territorio colombiano la extensin del litoral rocoso se ha calculado aproximadamente en 1095 km, tanto en la
lnea costera discontinua como en el sistema insular, de los cuales 636 Km (58%) pertenecen al Pacfico colombiano (4). An as, los estudios de estructura, que implican en primera instancia conocer la composicin de especies, son escasos. Pese a la gran rea ocupada por este ecosistema estratgico en Colombia, se evidencia poco
conocimiento en relacin con la lnea base (identificacin taxonmica), la cual se observa al revisar el nmero de
publicaciones desarrolladas alrededor de los litorales rocosos en Colombia, principalmente para el Pacfico, donde
entre los aos 1949 y 2010 solo existen 141 publicaciones referidas a 12 temticas puntuales, dentro de las cuales
slo se observan 49 referencias en estudios de taxonoma y sistemtica, representando solo el 34,7% de la investigacin desarrollada en 61 aos (1). Estos datos reflejan la falta de taxnomos para muchos grupos y el abandono
de estudios en taxonoma.
Implementar estrategia de monitoreo en los ecosistemas
marinos estratgicos, con el nimo de entender su estado
y dinmica, y establecer las medidas de conservacin y
de aprovechamiento de sus recursos, en una forma biolgicamente sustentable es tambin una prioridad para
el pas. Por ello, dentro del Plan estratgico 2007-2019,
el Sistema de Parques Naturales Nacionales (SPNN)
en Colombia, sugiri la implementacin de un sistema
nacional de monitoreo que operara en todas las reas
del SPNN, el cual debi cumplirse en un 100% al ao
2010, objetivo no cumplido a la fecha (5). Para cumplir
este objetivo, se requiere conocer los elementos biticos
que componen el ecosistema, es decir una adecuada
identificacin taxonmica, siendo esto la clave para un
monitoreo efectivo, para impulsar la investigacin y para
cualquier planteamiento de conservacin.
(Fotografa/Photograph by: Fundacin Malpelo)
Actualmente no existen documentos que hayan compilado la informacin taxonmica de organismos ssiles y
mviles asociados al Litoral Rocoso en el Pacfico colombiano. Esta gua es un primer paso para subsanar este
problema y pretende que estudiantes, investigadores y tomadores de decisiones en conservacin hagan uso de
ella, no solo para entender la estructura de las comunidades, sino para mantener su biodiversidad.
El material fotogrfico base para la construccin de esta gua fue tomado en gran medida en el Santuario de Fauna
y Flora Isla Malpelo, rea con mnimo impacto antropognico, que presenta ecosistemas como el litoral rocoso en
buen estado de conservacin. Este lugar y material es nico en el Pacfico Este Tropical, permitiendo comparar
su fauna (control) con reas sujetas a diferentes niveles de alteracin humana (ej. contaminacin), tales como los
incluidos en esta gua: Buenaventura (Pianguita), Baha Mlaga (Isla Palma), PNN Isla Gorgona (La Ventana),
Cabo Corrientes.
Extension and poor accessibility make scientific research in the rocky shore a major challenge. In Colombia, the extension of the rocky coastline has been estimated at 1095 km, for both the interrupted coastline
and the insular system, of which 636 km (58%) are part of the Colombian Pacific (4); even so, structure
studies mainly concerning its composition (taxonomic identification) are scarce. Despite the far-reaching
extension of this ecosystem in Colombia, a review of existing publications on the Colombian rocky shoreline elucidates the limited understanding of this strategic ecosystems baseline (taxonomic composition),
especially in the Pacific. Between the years of 1949 and 2010 only 141 publications were produced
regarding 12 specific topics; only 49 references were made to taxonomic or systematics studies, representing only 34.7% of the research conducted in 61 years (1). This data reflects the lack of taxonomists for
many groups and the neglect given to taxonomic studies.
Implementation of monitoring systems in strategic
marine ecosystems, to understand their state and
dynamics, and to establish biologically sustainable measures for the conservation and use of its
resources, is a national priority. Therefore, the implementation of a national monitoring system was
projected within the Colombian National Parks Systems (SPNN) 2007-2019 Strategic Plan, to operate
in all areas of the SPNN. This plan was to be fully
implemented by 2010, but to date; it has not been
completed (5). To successfully fulfill this objective, it is
essential to recognize the biotic elements that make
up the ecosystem; that is to say, correct taxonomic
identification is the key to effective monitoring, to further promote research and the creation of any conservation program.
(Fotografa/Photograph by: Samuel D. Garca S.)
To date, no document has compiled the taxonomic information of sessile and mobile organisms associated with the rocky shore; this guide is the first step towards rectifying this. The purpose of this guide is to
be used by students, researchers and conservation decision makers, not only to understand the structure
of the rocky shore communities, but also to preserve their biodiversity.
The photographic images included in this guide were in their majority obtained at the Malpelo Island
Fauna and Flora Sanctuary. This is an area with minimal human influence, presenting thriving ecosystems such as the rocky shore that are preserved in good condition. This material and location are unique
in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. The condition of its fauna allows it to be used as a control in comparison
to other areas also included in this guide such as: Buenaventura (Pianguita), Baha Mlaga (Isla Palma), PNN
Isla Gorgona (La Ventana), Cabo Corrientes, all of them exposed to different levels of anthropogenic impact
(e.g. pollution).
9
INTRODUCCIN
INTRODUCTION
Qu es el Litoral Rocoso?
El litoral rocoso (LR) se define como unidades ecolgicas ubicadas en la transicin entre el mar y la tierra, constituidas por comunidades
biolgicas desarrolladas sobre sustratos rocosos, presentando periodos de exposicin e inmersin producidos por los cambios de marea,
causados por factores climtico-oceanogrficos (eventos de El Nio y La Nia), geolgicos y planetarios (4). Es la transicin de ecosistemas marinos a sistemas totalmente terrestres (259), oscilando entre la franja superior del supralitoral y la franja inferior del infralitoral. En
este tipo de ecosistema, plantas y otros organismos ssiles compiten por el acceso a recursos y espacio (259). Es considerado un sistema
indicador del efecto antrpico (1) as como de cambios naturales, reflejados en la estructura y funcin de sus comunidades y poblaciones,
tanto de organismos ssiles como mviles.
What is the rocky coast?

The rocky coast (LR) is defined as ecological units existing in the transition area between land and sea. These units consist of biological
communities established on rocky substrates, subjected to periods of exposure and immersion produced by tidal changes caused by climate/
oceanographic (El Nio and La Nia events), geological, and planetary factors (4). Extending from the upper strip of the supralittoral to
the lower fringe of the infralittoral zone, it is the transition from marine ecosystems to completely terrestrial systems (259). Within this type of
ecosystem, plants and other sessile organisms compete for access to resources and space (259). This system is considered an indicator of
anthropogenic impact (1) as well as natural changes, indicated in the structure and function of both sessile and mobile organism communities
and populations.
Los litorales rocosos sirven como lmite entre la tierra y el mar; y estn caracterizados por sustratos duros de origen gneo o sedimentario.
Estas costas estn sometidas a procesos erosivos tectnicos y geolgicos, as como su exposicin al oleaje. Los litorales rocosos varan
de acuerdo a los diferentes tipos de roca, las configuraciones estructurales y su grado de exposicin al oleaje; algunos son escarpados y
suaves, irregulares y regulares, estables e inestables (261,262,263). Como resultado, los sustratos duros pueden tener de muchas formas, entre
las cuales se pueden incluir plataformas, acantilados, bloques y cantos rodados.
Rocky shores serve as the boundary between land and sea, and are characterized by a hard substrate of igneous or sedimentary origin.
These coasts are subject to tectonic/geological erosion processes, as well as their exposure to waves. Rocky shores vary according to different rock types, structural configurations and their degree of exposure to waves; some are steep and smooth, irregular and regular, stable and
unstable (261,262,263). As a result, the hard substrate can have many forms, which may include platforms, cliffs, blocks and boulders.
Este es un importante hbitat en las costas pacficas colombianas; est constituido por rocas antiguas de origen volcnico y sedimentario,
de los periodos Secundario o Terciario. En su mayora, las rocas volcnicas forman la costa norte as como las costas de las islas Gorgona
y Malpelo; mientras que rocas sedimentarias formadas durante el periodo Terciario por procesos tectnicos y plegamientos durante miles
de aos se encuentran en Baha Mlaga, el istmo de Pichid, el golfo de Tortugas y la Isla del Gallo en Tumaco (264).
Zonificacin del Litoral Rocoso
En este ecosistema se pueden identificar claramente zonas y
franjas. Una zona denominada supralitoral, la cual corresponde al
rea de transicin entre el mar y la tierra. Esta zona generalmente
permanece expuesta al aire, excepto en presencia de tormentas,
recibiendo gran humedad por la aspersin del oleaje. En su parte
superior limita con la aparicin de vegetacin o sistemas terrestres
y en la parte inferior con la siguiente zona o franja, que coincide con
el nivel de ms alta marea anual, caracterizndose por una tonalidad oscura dada por la presencia de lquenes. La zona intermedia
denominada mesolitoral se encuentra entre la ms alta (pleamar)
y ms baja marea (bajamar), producindose en ella inmersiones y
emersiones continuas (por ejemplo en el caso del Pacfico Colombiano
el mesolitoral puede variar hasta 5m su amplitud). Se caracteriza
el mesolitoral por tonalidades rojizas dadas por algas pardas y rojas
que proliferan en dicha zona. La ltima zona denominada infralitoral
inicia en el nivel de ms baja marea, presentando poblaciones que
se encuentran sumergidas continuamente(1, 259), caracterizndose
por una tonalidad caf a rojiza, dada para el caso del Santuario de
Flora y Fauna Isla Malpelo, por la presencia del alga Lobophora
variegata as como algas rojas coralinaceas. Esta zona puede limitar con otros ecosistemas, como fondo arenoso o lodoso, praderas de fanergamas o arrecifes.
El supralitoral inicia con la franja superior (franja del supralitoral), caracterizada por la presencia de gasterpodos (caracoles y lapas) y lquenes
que tienden a generar una tonalidad negra que en algunos casos puede variar a verdosa por la presencia de cianobacterias, culminando en la franja inferior del supralitoral o franja superior del mesolitoral (259). La franja superior del mesolitoral se ve sometida a dos
inmersiones diarias, caracterizndose en el caso de la Isla Malpelo por una tonalidad amarillenta dada por la presencia de cirripedios, as
como moluscos y algas foliadas (259). La franja inferior del mesolitoral o franja superior del infralitoral, se compone de algas macrfitas
foliadas, las cuales se mantienen sumergidas, excepto en pocas de ms baja marea (bajamares) donde tienden a estar expuestas (259).
La franja inferior del infralitoral puede presentar cambio abrupto en el tipo de sustrato o en la inclinacin del perfil, aumentando una vez que
finaliza esta franja.
Factores biticos y abiticos reguladores de la composicin de organismos
A nivel bitico, los principales factores que regulan la estructura del ecosistema y composicin estn representados en interacciones
de depredacin, competencia interespecfica e intraespecfica y mutualismo entre otras (1,4). A nivel de factores abiticos pueden recalcarse
los periodos de desecacin por exposicin al aire, generando estrs en los organismos, cambios en la salinidad, la cual genera estrs osmtico, variacin de temperatura del aire y de la masa del agua, radiacin solar, la cual influye principalmente en procesos de fotosntesis en
plantas y organismos que poseen algas simbiontes, fluctuacin en la concentracin de gases como oxgeno y dixido de carbono, impacto
del oleaje y corriente de marea, atraccin gravitatoria de la luna y del sol sobre los cuerpos de agua, resultando en mareas que varan de
centmetros a varios metros (259, 260). Concentraciones de nutrientes disueltos en el agua tales como nitrgeno, fsforo y silicio que determinan la permanencia de la comunidad algal (12). La humedad relativa y precipitacin de las zonas del supralitoral y del mesolitoral causan
estrs en las comunidades all presentes (259). La geomorfologa, topografa y batimetra son determinantes del tipo de organismos que se
desarrollan en el litoral (259).
Adaptaciones de Organismos mviles y ssiles del Litoral Rocoso
Entorno al Litoral Rocoso convergen gran nmero de especies con adaptaciones fisiolgicas, morfolgicas y comportamentales nicas,
representadas en sistemas de fijacin bien desarrollados y estructuras corporales flexibles o calcreas(4). Presentan de igual forma sistemas adaptados para intercambio de gases bajo el agua y directamente con el aire a travs de estructuras especializadas (259).
This is an important habitat in the Colombian Pacific coast; ancient stones of volcanic and sedimentary origin, from the Secondary or Tertiary
period forms it. For the most part, volcanic rock shapes the northern coast as well as the coasts of Gorgona and Malpelo islands; while sedimentary rocks formed during the Tertiary period by tectonic processes and foldings over thousands of years are found in Baha Mlaga, the
Isthmus of Pichid, the Gulf of Tortugas and the Island of Gallo in Tumaco (264).
Rocky Coast Zonation

Zones and fringes can be clearly identified in this ecosystem. One
of these zones is the supralittoral in the transition area between the
sea and land. This zone typically remains exposed to air, except in
storm conditions, normally receiving abundant moisture from wave
spray. Its upper limits abuts vegetation or terrestrial systems, the bottom with the next zone or fringe, which coincides with the level of
the highest annual tide, and is characterized by a dark hue caused
by the presence of lichens. The intermediate zone or mesolittoral is
between the highest (flood tide) and lowest tide (lowest low tide),
resulting in incessant immersions and emersions (e.g. in the case
of the Colombian Pacific the amplitude of the mesolittoral can vary
by 5m). This zone is characterized by reddish tonalities produced by
the brown and red algae that thrive in this area. The last zone is
the infralittoral, which begins at the lowest tide line, and harbors
populations that are continuously submerged (1, 259), the presence of
the Lobophora variegata algae and encrusting red algae in the
Malpelo Island Fauna and Flora Sanctuary gives this area a reddishbrown color. This zone can abut with other ecosystems such as
sandy or muddy bottom, sea grass beds or coral reefs.
The supralittoral begins at the upper fringe (supralittoral fringe); it is characterized by the presence of gastropods (snails and limpets) and
lichens that generate a black hue, which in some cases becomes greenish due to the presence of cyanobacteria, and ends at the lower
supralittoral fringe and upper mesolittoral fringe (259). The upper mesolittoral fringe is subjected to two emersions per day, and in the case of
Malpelo Island presents a yellowish hue caused by barnacles as well as mollusks and foliated algae (259). The lower fringe of the mesolittoral
or upper fringe of the infralittoral is composed of foliated macrophytic algae, which remain submerged, except in times of the lowest tide (lowest low tide) when they tend to be exposed (259). The lower fringe of the infralittoral may present an abrupt change in substrate type or profile
inclination at the end of the fringe.
Biotic and abiotic factors regulating the composition of organisms
At a biotic level, the main factors controlling ecosystem structure and composition are represented in interactions of predation, interspecific
and intraspecific competition and mutualism among others (1,4). Abiotic factors such as periods of desiccation caused by the exposure to air,
which create stress on organisms, changes in salinity, generating osmotic stress, variations in air temperature and water mass, solar radiation, which mainly influences photosynthesis in plants and organisms with algal symbionts, fluctuations in gas concentration such as
oxygen and carbon dioxide, wave impact and tidal current, the moon and suns gravitational pull on bodies of water, resulting in tides that vary from centimeters to several meters (259, 260). Concentrations of dissolved nutrients in the water such as nitrogen,
phosphorus and silice that determine the permanence of the algal community (12). Relative humidity and precipitation in the supralittoral and
mesolittoral stress the communities present in these zones (259). Geomorphology, topography and bathymetry determine the type of organisms that abound on the coast (259).
Adaptations of mobile and sessile organisms of the rocky coast
A great number of species converge around the rocky coast, many presenting unique physiological, morphological and behavioral adaptations, such as well-developed attachment systems and flexible or calcareous body structures (4). Similarly, they present systems adapted
for the exchange of gases both underwater and in air directly, via specialized structures (259).
These adaptations of mobile and sessile organisms respond to the physical-chemical and biological factors of the habitat and are reflected in
their strategies and features to survive, reproduce and disperse (260), enabling us to find biologically productive and dynamic communities (1,4).
Las adaptaciones de organismos mviles y ssiles responden a los factores fsico-qumicos y biolgicos del hbitat y se reflejan en sus
estrategias y caractersticas para sobrevivir, reproducirse y dispersarse (260), dndonos la posibilidad de contemplar comunidades biolgicamente productivas y dinmicas (1,4).
10
11
COMO USAR ESTA GUIA
HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE
Esta gua fotogrfica de identificacin taxonmica presenta 11 Phylum representados los reinos Plantae: Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta; y Animalia:
Porfera, Cnidaria, Ectoprocta, Echinodermata, Chordata, Mollusca, Annelida y Arthropoda. Se encuentra dividida en dos secciones principales, organismos
Ssiles y Mviles. La primer seccin se subdivide en productores primarios y secundarios (filtradores); la segunda seccin se subdivide entre invertebrados
y vertebrados. En cada una de las lminas de identificacin de organismos puede encontrarse informacin general como se ilustra en el siguiente esquema:
This photographic taxonomic identification guide includes 11 Phylum: Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta in the plant kingdom, and Porifera, Cnidaria,
Ectoprocta, Echinodermata, Chordata, Mollusca, Annelida and Arthropoda in the animal kingdom. It is divided into two main sections: sessile and mobile
organisms. The first section is subdivided into primary and secondary producers (filter feeders); and the second section is subdivided into invertebrates and
vertebrates. General information on each organism identification sheet will be displayed in the manner illustrated below:
Nivel taxonmico
Taxonomic level
Referencias Bibliogrficas
(superndice)
Cdigo de lugar (subndice)
Clasificacin taxonmica
Descriptor original
Simbologa
Ao de descripcin original
Detalles del organismo
Vista general
Informacin gua,
secciones o grupos
Datos de colecta
Location code (subscript)

References
Taxonomic classification
Original descriptor
Year of first description
Symbols
Detailed view
Overall view
Collection data
Guide information,
sections or groups
Autora fotogrfica
Photographic credit
SIMBOLOGA
Cdigo Lugar
de Colecta
CITES
Organismo
Dominante
SYMBOLS
Organismo
Ssil
Macho
CITES
C
Organismo
Comn
Collection
Site Code
Organismo
Raro
Organismo
Mvil
Hembra
Dominant
Organism
Sessile
Organism
Male
Mobile
Organism
Female
C
Common
Organism
Rare
Organism
Al final de la gua encontrar los diagramas taxonmicos de los organismos ssiles y mviles identificados en el Pacfico colombiano; adems, un mapa de
los sitios de donde proviene el material fotogrfico (con los respectivos cdigos). Al final aparecern los agradecimientos a los colaboradores de la gua y
un listado con las referencias bibliogrficas utilizadas.
At the end of the guide there is a taxonomic scheme for the mobile and sessile organisms identified in the Colombian Pacific, as well as a map indicating the
sites where the photographic material was collected (along with their codes). At the end, acknowledgements are issued to contributors to this guide and a
list of the references used is provided.
12
13
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Productores Primarios Primary producers / ALGAS - ALGAE
Dyctiota adnata Zanardini, 1878 10,11,12
Amphiroa sp. Lamouroux, 1812 10,11,15,16,17
Reino Kingdom: Chromista / Filum Phylum: Heterokontophyta / Clase Class: Phaeophycea /

Orden Order: Dictyotales / Familia Family: Dictyotaceae
Reino Kingdom: Chromista / Filum Phylum: Rhodophyta / Clase Class: Florideophyceae /

Orden Order: Corallinales / Familia Family: Corallinaceae
Lugar: SFF Malpelo Profundidad: 10 m Place: SFF Malpelo Depth: 10 m
Lobophora variegata Oliveira, 1977 10,11,13,14
Bostrychia radicans Montagne, 1842 11,13,18,19
(Fotografa/Photograph by: Jaime R. Cantera K.)
Reino Kingdom: Chromista / Filum Phylum: Ochrophyta / Clase Class: Phaeophycea /

Orden Order: Dictyotales / Familia Family: Dictyotaceae
Reino Kingdom: Plantae / Filum Phylum: Rhodophyta / Clase Class: Florideophyceae /

Orden Order: Ceramiales / Familia Family: Rhodomelaceae
Lugar: Pianguita Profundidad: 0 m
14
Place: Pianguita Depth: 0 m
15
Gelidium sp. Lamouroux, 1813 10,11,20,21,22
Bryopsis sp. Lamouroux, 1809 10,26,27,28
Reino Kingdom: Plantae / Filum Phylum: Rhodophyta / Clase Class: Florideophyceae /

Orden Order: Gelidiales / Familia Family: Gelidiaceae
Reino Kingdom: Plantae / Filum Phylum: Chlorophyta / Clase Class: Bryopsidophyceae /

Orden Order: Bryopsidales / Familia Family: Bryopsidaceae
Boodleopsis verticillata Dawson, 1960 23,24,25
Cladophora albida Kutzing, 1843 10,11,13,18,29,30,31,32
Reino Kingdom: Plantae / Filum Phylum: Chlorophyta / Clase Class: Bryopsidophyceae /

Orden Order: Bryopsidales / Familia Family: Udoteaceae
Reino Kingdom: Plantae / Filum Phylum: Chlorophyta / Clase Class: Siphonocladophyceae /

Orden Order: Cladophorales / Familia Family: Cladophoraceae
Lugar: Pianguita Profundidad: 0 m
Lugar: Baha Mlaga Depth: 0 m Place: Baha Mlaga Depth: 0 m
Place: Pianguita Depth: 0 m
16
17
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Productores secundarios (filtradores) Secondary producers (filterfeeders) / PORIFERA
Amorphinopsis sp. Carter, 1887 33,34,35,36,37,38,39
Carteriospongia sp. Hyatt, 1877 43,44,45
Reino Kingdom: Animalia / Filum Phylum: Porifera / Clase Class: Demospongiae /

Orden Order: Halichondrida / Familia Family: Halicrondriidae

Orden Order: Dictyoceratida / Familia Family: Thorectidae
Lugar: Baha Mlaga Profundidad: 0 m
Lugar: Baha Malpelo Profundidad: 10 m
Place: Baha Mlaga Depth: 0 m
Aplysina sp.
Nardo, 1834
Place: SFF Baha Mlaga Depth: 10 m
40,41,42
(Fotografa/Photograph by: Edgardo Londoo-Cruz)
Haliclona sp. Grant, 1836 35,46,47

Orden Order: Verongida / Familia Family: Aplysinidae

Orden Order: Haplosclerida / Familia Family: Chalinidae
Lugar: Mlaga Profundidad: 2-5 m Place: Baha Mlaga Depth: 2-5 m
Lugar: Baha Mlaga Profundidad: 0 m Place: Baha Mlaga Depth: 0 m
18
19
Haliclona sp. Grant, 1836 35,46,47
Prosuberites aff. laughlini
Diaz et al, 1987

Orden Order: Haplosclerida / Familia Family: Chalinidae

Orden Order: Hadromerida / Familia Family: Suberitidae
Lugar: Mlaga Profundidad: 2-5 m Place: Mlaga Depth: 2-5 m
Placospongia carinata Bowerbank, 1858 48,49,50
Suberea azteca Gmez & Bakus, 1992 53,54
(Fotografa/Photograph by: Luis H. Chasqui)

Orden Order: Hadromerida / Familia Family: Placospongiidae

Orden Order: Verongida / Familia Family: Aplysinellidae
Lugar: Mlaga Profundidad: 2-5 m Place: Mlaga Depth: 2-5 m
20
51,52
21
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Productores secundarios (filtradores) Secondary producers (filterfeeders) / CNIDARIA / Hidroides Hydroids
Macrorhynchia philippina Kirchenpauer, 1872 55,56
Distichopora robusta Lindner, Cairs & Guzman, 2004 57,58,59
Reino Kingdom: Animalia / Filum Phylum: Cnidaria / Clase Class: Hydrozoa /

Orden Order: Leptothecata / Familia Family: Aglaopheniidae
Reino Kingdom: Animalia / Filum Phylum: Cnidaria / Clase Class: Hydrozoa /

Orden Order: Stylasterina / Familia Family: Stylasteridae
Carijoa riisei Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860 60,61
Reino Kingdom: Animalia / Filum Phylum: Cnidaria / Clase Class: Anthozoa /

Orden Order: Alcyonacea / Familia Family: Clavulariidae
22
23
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Productores secundarios (filtradores) Secondary producers (filterfeeders) / CNIDARIA / Hidrocoral - Corales Suaves / Hydrocoral Soft Corals
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Productores secundarios (filtradores) Secondary producers (filterfeeders) / CNIDARIA / Corales Suaves Soft Corals
Leptogorgia alba uchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 62
Gardineroseris planulata Dana, 1846 64,65,66

Orden Order: Alcyonacea / Familia Family: Gorgoniidae

Orden Order: Scleractinia / Familia Family: Agariciidae
Lugar: SFF Malpelo Profundidad: 15-30 m
Pacifigorgia cairnsi Breedy & Guzman, 2003 63
Place: SFF Malpelo Depth: 15-30 m
Pavona gigantea Verrill, 1869 67
(Fotografa/Photograph by: Miguel Ruiz)

Orden Order: Alcyonacea / Familia Family: Gorgoniidae
Reino Kingdom: Animalia / Filum Phylum: Cnidaria/ Clase Class: Anthozoa /

24
25
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Productores secundarios (filtradores) Secondary producers (filterfeeders) / CNIDARIA / Corales Duros Hard Corals
Pavona varians Verrill, 1864 64,68
Pocillopora eydouxi Milne Edwards & Haime, 1860 70,71
Reino Kingdom: Animalia / Filum Phylum: Cnidaria / Clase Class: Anthozo /


Orden Order: Scleractinia / Familia Family: Pocilloporidae
Lugar: SFF Malpelo Profundidad: 5-25 m Place: SFF Malpelo Depth: 5-25 m
Pocillopora capitata Verril, 1864
69
Porites lobata
Reino Kingdom: Animalia / Filum Phylum: Cnidaria/ Clase Class: Anthozoa /

Orden Order: Scleractinia/ Familia Family: Poritidae
26
72,73,74

Orden Order: Scleractinia / Familia Family: Pocilloporidae
Dana, 1846
27
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Productores secundarios (filtradores) Secondary producers ((filterfeeders) / CNIDARIA / Corales Duros Hard Corals
Porites panamensis Verrill, 1864 75
Zoanthus sp. Cuvier, 1800 77,78

Orden Order: Scleractinia / Familia Family: Poritidae

Orden Order: Zoanthidea / Familia Family: Zoanthidae
Tubastrea coccinea
Lesson, 1829 76
(Fotografa/Photograph by: Melina Rodrguez)

Orden Order: Scleractinia / Familia Family: Dendrophyllidae
28
29
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Productores secundarios (filtradores) Secondary producers (filterfeeders) / CNIDARIA / Zoantidios Zoanthids
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Productores secundarios (filtradores) Secondary producers (filterfeeders) / BRIOZOA - BRYOZOAN
Celleporaria sp. Lamouroux, 1821 79,80,81
Familia / Family Didemnidae Giard, 1872 84,85,86
Reino Kingdom: Animalia / Filum Phylum: Briozoa / Clase Class: Gymnolaemata /

Orden Order: Cheilostomata / Familia Family: Lepraliellidae
Reino Kingdom: Animalia / Filum Phylum: Chordata / Clase Class: Ascidiacea /

Orden Order: Aplousobranchia/ Familia Family: Didemnidae
Familia / Family Lichenoporidae Smitt, 1867 80,82,83
Familia / Family Didemnidae Giard, 1872 84,85,86
Reino Kingdom: Animalia / Filum Phylum: Briozoa / Clase Class: Stenolaemata/

Orden Order: Cyclostomata / Familia Family: Lichenoporidae
Reino Kingdom: Animalia / Filum Phylum: Chordata / Clase Class: Ascidiacea /

Orden Order: Aplousobranchia / Familia Family: Didemnidae
30
31
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Productores secundarios (filtradores) Secondary producers (filterfeeders) / TUNICADOS - TUNICATES
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Productores secundarios (filtradores) Secondary producers (filterfeeders) / MOLUSCOS MOLLUSCA / Gasterpodo Gastropod
Petaloconchus sp. Lea, 1843 87,88,89
Limaria pacifica dOrbigny, 1846 90,92
Reino Kingdom: Animalia / Filum Phylum: Mollusca / Clase Class: Gastropoda /

Orden Order: Littoriniporpha / Familia Family: Vermetidae
Reino Kingdom: Animalia / Filum Phylum: Mollusca / Clase Class: Bivalvia /

Orden Order: Limoida / Familia Family: Limidae
Lugar: Baha Mlaga Profundidad: 2-5 m
Place: Baha Mlaga Depth: 2-5 m
Ostrea fisheri
Dall, 1914 90,91

Orden Order: Ostreoida / Familia Family: Ostreidae
32
33
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Productores secundarios (filtradores) Secondary producers (filterfeeders) / MOLUSCOS MOLLUSCS / Bivalvos Bivalve
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS /
Productores secundarios (filtradores) Secondary producers (filterfeeders) / MOLUSCOS MOLLUSCS / Bivalvos Bivalve
Pinctada mazatlanica Hanley, 1855 93,94
Familia / Family Sabellariidae
Johnston, 1865

Orden Order: Pterioida / Familia Family: Pteriidae
Reino Kingdom: Animalia / Filum Phylum: Annelidae / Clase Class: Polychaeta /

Orden Order: Sabellida / Familia Family: Sabellariidae
96,97,98
Saccostrea palmula Carpenter, 1857 90,95

Orden Order: Ostreoida / Familia Family: Ostreidae
Lugar: Baha Mlaga Profundidad: 0 m Place: Baha Mlaga Depth: 0 m
34
35
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Productores secundarios (filtradores) Secondary producers (filterfeeders) / POLIQUETOS POLYCHAETA
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Productores secundarios (filtradores) Secondary producers (filterfeeders) / CRUSTACEOS CRUSTACEANS / Cirripedios Barnacles
Balanus peninsularis Pilsbry, 1916 99,100,101
1,5
Tetraclita panamensis
Pilsbry, 1916 104,105
Reino Kingdom: Animalia / Filum Phylum: Arthropoda / Clase Class: Maxillopoda /

Orden Order: Sessilia / Familia Family: Balanidae

Orden Order: Sessilia / Familia Family: Tetraclitidae
Lugar: Cabo Corrientes / SFF Malpelo Profundidad: 0- 10 m Place: Cabo Corrientes/ SFF Malpelo Depth: 0-10 m
Chthamalus sp.
Ranzani, 1817
99,102,103

Orden Order: Sessilia / Familia Family: Chthamalidae
Lugar: Buenaventura / Baha Mlaga Profundidad: 0 m Place: Buenaventura / Baha Mlaga Depth: 0 m
36
37
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Productores secundarios (filtradores) Secondary producers (filterfeeders) / CRUSTACEOS CRUSTACEANS / Cirripedios Barnacles
ORGANISMOS MVILES MOBILE ORGANISMS / Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / EQUINODERMOS ECHINODERMS / Asteroideos - Asteroids
Acanthaster planci
Linnaeus, 1758 106,107,108
Nidorellia armata
Gray, 1840
Reino Kingdom: Animalia / Filum Phylum: Echinodermata / Clase Class: Asteroidea /

Orden Order: Valvatida / Familia Family: Acanthasteridae

Orden Order: Valvatida / Familia Family: Oreasteridae
Mithrodia bradleyi
Verrill, 1870 109
Pentaceraster cumingii
Gray, 1840 107,112,113

Orden Order: Valvatida / Familia Family: Mithrodiidae

38
110,111
39
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / EQUINODERMOS ECHINODERMS / Asteroideos - Asteroids
ORGANISMOS MVILES MOBILE ORGANISMS / Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / EQUINODERMOS ECHINODERMS / Asteroideos - Asteroids
Pentaceraster cumingii Gray, 1840 107,112,113
Phataria unifascialis
Gray, 1840


Orden Order: Valvatida / Familia Family: Ophidiasteridae
Lugar: Baha Mlaga Profundidad: 2-5 m Place: Baha Mlaga Depth: 2-5 m
Pharia pyramidata
115
Gray, 1840 114

Orden Order: Valvatida / Familia Family: Ophidiasteridae
40
41
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / EQUINODERMOS ECHINODERMS / Asteroideos - Asteroids
ORGANISMOS MVILES MOBILE ORGANISMS /
Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / EQUINODERMOS ECHINODERMS / Ofiuroideos - Ophiuroids
Familia / Family Ophiactidae Matsumoto, 1915 116,117
Familia / Family Ophiactidae Matsumoto, 1915 116,117
Reino Kingdom: Animalia / Filum Phylum: Echinodermata / Clase Class: Ophiuroidea /

Orden Order: Ophiurida / Familia Family: Ophiactidae

Familia / Family Ophiactidae
Matsumoto, 1915 116,117
Familia / Family Ophiactidae


42
116,117
Matsumoto, 1915
43
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / EQUINODERMOS ECHINODERMS / Ofiuroideos - Ophiuroids
ORGANISMOS MVILES MOBILE ORGANISMS / Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / EQUINODERMOS ECHINODERMS / Ofiuroideos - Ophiuroids
Ophiocoma aethiops
Ltken, 1859 118,119
Ophiothela sp. Verrill, 1867 122,123,124
(Fotografa/Photograph by: J. Armando Snchez)

Orden Order: Ophiurida / Familia Family: Ophiocomidae

Orden Order: Ophiurida / Familia Family: Ophiotrichidae
Lugar: Cabo Corrientes Profundidad: 2-5 m
Place: Cabo Corrientes Depth: 2-5 m
Ophiothela mirabilis Verrill, 1867 120,121

Orden Order: Ophiurida / Familia Family: Ophiotrichidae
44
45
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / EQUINODERMOS ECHINODERMS / Ofiuroideos - Ophiuroids
Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / EQUINODERMOS ECHINODERMS / Equinoideos - Echinoids
Eucidaris thouarsii Agassiz & Desor, 1846 125,126,127
Centrostephanus coronatus Verrill, 1867 131,132
Reino Kingdom: Animalia / Filum Phylum: Echinodermata / Clase Class: Echinoidea /

Orden Order: Cidaroida / Familia Family: Cidaridae

Orden Order: Diadematoida / Familia Family: Diadematidae
Hesperocidaris asteriscus Clark, 1948 128,129,130
Diadema mexicanum Agassiz, 1863 131,133

Orden Order: Cidaroida / Familia Family: Cidaridae

Orden Order: Diadematoida / Familia Family: Diadematidae
46
47
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / EQUINODERMOS ECHINODERMS / Equinoideos - Echinoids
Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / EQUINODERMOS ECHINODERMS / Equinoideos - Echinoids
Echinometra vanbrunti
Agassiz, 1863 134,135
Tripneustes depressus
Agassiz, 1863

Orden Order: Camarodonta / Familia Family: Echinometridae

Orden Order: Camarodonta / Familia Family: Toxopneustidae
136,138
Toxopneustes roseus Agassiz, 1863 136,137

Orden Order: Camarodonta / Familia Family: Toxopneustidae
48
49
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / EQUINODERMOS ECHINODERMS / Equinoideos - Echinoids
Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / EQUINODERMOS ECHINODERMS / Holoturoideos - Holoturids
Holothuria fuscocinerea
Jaeger, 1833 139,140,141
Holothuria (Selenkothuria) portovallartensis Caso, 1954 144,145
Reino Kingdom: Animalia / Filum Phylum: Echinodermata / Clase Class: Holothuroidea /

Orden Order: Aspidochirotida / Familia Family: Holothuriidae

Lugar: Cabo Corrientes Profundidad: 0 m
Holothuria hilla Lesson, 1830 142,143
Place: Cabo Corrientes Depth: 0 m
Isostichopus fuscus Ludwig, 1875 146


Orden Order: Aspidochirotida / Familia Family: Stichopodidae
50
51
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / EQUINODERMOS ECHINODERMS / Holoturoideos - Holoturids
ORGANISMOS MVILES MOBILE ORGANISMS / Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / MOLUSCOS MOLLUSCS / Quitones - Chitons
Acanthochitona hirudiniformis
Sowerby, 1832 147
Diodora inaequalis
Sowerby, 1835
Reino Kingdom: Animalia / Filum Phylum: Mollusca / Clase Class: Polyplacophora /

Orden Order: Chitonida / Familia Family: Acanthochitonidae

Orden Order: Archaeogastropoda / Familia Family: Fissurellidae
Lugar: Baha Mlaga Profundidad: 0 m Place: Baha Mlaga - Depth: 0 m
Chiton stokesii
Broderip & Sowerby, 1832 148
Diodora saturnalis Carpenter, 1864 151
Reino Kingdom: Animalia / Filum Phylum: Mollusca / Clase Class: Polyplacophora /

Orden Order: Chitonida / Familia Family: Chitonidae

Lugar: Cabo Corrientes Profundidad: 0 m
Place: Cabo Corrientes Depth: 0 m
52
149,150
53
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / MOLUSCOS MOLLUSCS / Lapas - Limpets
ORGANISMOS MVILES MOBILE ORGANISMS / IInvertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / MOLUSCOS MOLLUSCS / Lapas - Limpets
Fissurella microtrema Sowerby, 1835 149,152
3,4,5
Scurria mesoleuca
Menke, 1851 154
Reino Kingdom: Animalia / Filum Phylum: Mollusca / Clase Class: Fissurellidae Gastropoda /

Orden Order: Archaeogastropoda / Familia Family: Lotiidae
Lugar: Buenaventura, Baha Mlaga, Cabo Profundidad: 0-5 m Place: Buenaventura, Baha Mlaga, Cabo Depth: 0-5 m
Fissurella virescens
Sowerby, 1835 149,153
Siphonaria gigas Sowerby, 1825 155


Orden Order: Archaeogastropoda / Familia Family: Siphonariidae
54
55
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / MOLUSCOS MOLLUSCS / Lapas - Limpets
ORGANISMOS MVILES MOBILE ORGANISMS / Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / MOLUSCOS MOLLUSCS / Lapas - Limpets
Siphonaria maura Sowerby, 1835 149,156
Nerita funiculata Menke, 1851 149,157

Orden Order: Archaeogastropoda / Familia Family: Siphonariidae

Orden Order: Archaeogastropoda / Familia Family: Neritidae
Lugar: Isla Palma Profundidad: 0-3 m
Place: Palma Island Depth: 0-3 m
4,5
Nerita scabricosta Lamarck, 1822 149

Orden Order: Archaeogastropoda / Familia Family: Neritidae
56
Lugar: La Ventana, Cabo Corrientes Profundidad: 0-3 m
Place: La Ventana, Cabo Corrientes Depth: 0-3 m
57
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / MOLUSCOS MOLLUSCS / Gasterpodos - Gastropods
ORGANISMOS MVILES MOBILE ORGANISMS / Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / MOLUSCOS MOLLUSCS / Gasterpodos - Gastropods
Tegula pellisserpentis Wood, 1828 158,159
Cerithium adustum Kiener, 1841 149,161

Orden Order: Archaeogastropoda / Familia Family: Turbinidae

Orden Order: Mesogastropoda / Familia Family: Cerithiidae
Lugar: La ventana (Charcos Intermareales) Profundidad: 0-3 m
Place: La Ventana (Intertidal pools) Depth: 0-3 m

3
Tegula panamensis Philippi, 1849 149,160
Cypraea robertsi
Hidalgo, 1906
162

Orden Order: Archaeogastropoda / Familia Family: Turbinidae

Orden Order: Mesogastropoda / Familia Family: Cypraeidae
58
59
Littoraria varia Sowerby, 1832 163,164,165
Macrocypraea cervinetta Kiener, 1843 149,168

Orden Order: Mesogastropoda / Familia Family: Littorinidae

Littorina zebra Donovan, 1825 166,167
Nodilittorina aspera Philippi, 1846 166,169


Lugar: Baha Mlaga (estuarios) Profundidad: 0-3 m
60
Place: Baha Mlaga (estuaries) Depth: 0-3 m
61
Littoraria varia Sowerby, 1832 163,164,165
Simnia sp. Risso, 1826 172, 173, 174, 175


Orden Order: Mesogastropoda / Familia Family: Ovulidae
Pranaxis Planicostatus Sowerby, 1825 149, 171
Simnia sp. Risso, 1826 172, 173, 174, 175

Orden Order: Mesogastropoda / Familia Family: Planaxidae

gar: SFF Malpelo Profundidad: 15 m
62
Place: SFF Malpelo Depth: 15 m
63
Simnia sp Risso, 1826 172,173,174,175
Zonaria arabicula Lamarck, 1810 172,178


Trivia pacifica Sowerby, 1832 172,176,177
Acanthais brevidentata Wood, 1828 179

Orden Order: Mesogastropoda / Familia Family: Triviidae

Orden Order: Neogastropoda / Familia Family: Muricidae
Lugar: Isla Palma Profundidad: 0-3 m
64
Place: Palma Island Depth: 0-3 m
65
Cantharus ringens Reeve, 1846 180
Columbella major Sowerby, 1832 182

Orden Order: Neogastropoda / Familia Family: Buccinidae

Orden Order: Neogastropoda / Familia Family: Columbellidae
Chicoreus regius
Swainson, 1821
181
Conus brunneus Wood, 1828 183


Orden Order: Neogastropoda / Familia Family: Conidae
66
67
Engina maura Sowerby, 1832 184
C

M
Hexaplex (Muricanthus) princeps Broderip, 1833 186


Engina pulchra Reeve, 1846 185
Hexaplex radix Gmelin, 1791 187


68
69
Leucozonia cerata
Wood, 1828
188
Nucella (Thais) melones Duclos, 1832 190

Orden Order: Neogastropoda / Familia Family: Fasciolariidae

Lugar: Cabo Corrientes Profundidad: 0-3 m Place: Cabo Corrientes Depth: 0-3 m
Neorapana muricata
Broderip, 1832 189
Opeathostoma pseudodon Burrow, 1815 191


70
Place: Cabo Corrienets Depth: 0-3 m
71
Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / MOLUSCOS MOLLUSCS / Gasterpodos - Gastropods
Phos sp. Montfort, 1810 192
Purpura columellaris Lamarck, 1816 194
6.7 mm


Place: Cabo Corrienets Depth: 0-3 m
Pleuroploca princeps Sowerby, 1825 193
Purpura pansa Gould, 1853 195


Lugar: La Ventana Profundidad: 0-3 m
72
Place: La Ventana Depth: 0-3 m
73
Thais (Thaisella) kiosquiformis Duclos, 1832 196
Thais triangularis Blainville, 1832 197


Thais triangularis Blainville, 1832 197

74
75
ORGANISMOS MVILES MOBILE ORGANISMS / Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / MOLUSCOS MOLLUSCS / Babosas marinas Sea slugs
Elysia diomedea Bergh, 1894 198
Glaucus atlanticus Forster, 1777 200

Orden Order: Sacoglossa / Familia Family: Plakobranchidae

Orden Order: Nudibranchia / Familia Family: Glaucidae
Lugar: SFF Malpelo Profundidad: 5 m
Familia / Family Aeolidiidae
Gray, 1827 199
Hypselodoris agassizii Bergh, 1894 201

Orden Order: Nudibranchia/ Familia Family: Aeolidiidae

Orden Order: Nudibranchia / Familia Family: Chromodorididae
Lugar: SFF Malpelo Profundidad: 7 m
76
77
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / MOLUSCOS MOLLUSCS / Babosas marinas Sea slugs
ORGANISMOS MVILES MOBILE ORGANISMS / Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / MOLUSCOS MOLLUSCS / Babosas marinas Sea slugs
Phidiana lascrucensis Bertsch & Ferreira, 1974 202
Onchidella hildae Hoffmann, 1928 204

Orden Order: Nudibranchia / Familia Family: Facelinidae

Orden Order: Systellommatophora / Familia Family: Onchidiidae
Dolabrifera dolabrifera
Rang, 1828
203

Orden Order: Systellommatophora / Familia Family: Aplysiidae
78
79
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / MOLUSCOS MOLLUSCS / Babosas marinas Sea slugs
ORGANISMOS MVILES MOBILE ORGANISMS / Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / PICNOGNIDOS - PYCNOGONIDS
Anoplodactylus sp. Wilson, 1878 205,206,207
Aniculus elegans Stimpson, 1858 208
Reino Kingdom: Animalia / Filum Phylum: Arthropoda / Clase Class: Pycnogonida /

Orden Order: Pantopoda / Familia Family: Phoxichilidiidae
Reino Kingdom: Animalia / Filum Phylum: Arthropoda/ Clase Class: Malacostraca /

Orden Order: Decapoda / Familia Family: Diogenidae
Lugar: SFF Malpelo Profundidad: 5-10 m Lugar: SFF Malpelo Profundidad: 5-10 m
Calcinus obscurus Stimpson, 1862
209
Reino Kingdom: Animalia / Filum Phylum: Arthropoda / Clase Class: Malacostraca /

80
Lugar: La Ventana (charco intermareales) Profundidad: 0-5 m
81
Place: La Ventana (intertidal pools) Depth: 0-5 m
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / CRUSTACEOS CRUSTACEANS / Decapoda
ORGANISMOS MVILES MOBILE ORGANISMS / Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / CRUSTACEOS CRUSTACEANS / Decapoda
Cronius ruber Lamarck, 1818 210
Familia / Family Porcellanidae Haworth, 1825

Orden Order: Decapoda / Familia Family: Portunidae

Orden Order: Decapoda / Familia Family: Porcellanidae
Eryphia squamata Stimpson, 1860
211

1
Familia / Family Porcellanidae Haworth, 1825

Orden Order: Decapoda / Familia Family: Eriphiidae
82
212
212

83
Familia / Family Porcellanidae Haworth, 1825 212
Grapsus grapsus Linnaeus, 1758 213,214


Orden Order: Decapoda / Familia Family: Grapsidae

3
1
Familia / Family Porcellanidae Haworth, 1825 212

84
Menippe obtusa Stimpson, 1859
215

Orden Order: Decapoda / Familia Family: Menippidae
Lugar: Cabo Corrientes Profundidad: 0-3 m Place: Cabo Corrientes Depth: 0-3 m
85
Mithraculus sp. White, 1847 216

Orden Order: Decapoda / Familia Family: Majidae

3
1
Mithraculus sp. White, 1847


86
216
87
Pachygrapsus transversus Gibbes, 1850 217
Panopeus sp.
Edwards, 1834

Orden Order: Decapoda / Familia Family: Grapsidae

Orden Order: Decapoda / Familia Family: Panopeidae
3
1
Paguristes sp.
Dana, 1851
218
Panulirus penicillatus Olivier, 1791 220


Orden Order: Decapoda / Familia Family: Paniluridae
Lugar: Baha
Mlaga Profundidad:
Profundidad:5-15
0-5 m Place:
SFF Malpelo
MlagaDepth:
Depth:5-15
0-5 m
Place:Baha
SFF Malpelo
m
88
219
89
Petrolisthes donadio Hiller & Werding, 221
Pilumnus sp.
Leach, 1816


Orden Order: Decapoda / Familia Family: Pilumnidae
3
1
Pilumnus sp. Leach, 1816 222
Pilumnus sp. Leach, 1816
222


90
222
91
Pilumnus sp. (megalopa) Leach, 1816 222


3
1
Pilumnus sp. (juvenil) Leach, 1816 222


92
93
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / IInvertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / CRUSTACEOS CRUSTACEANS / Decapoda
Synalpheus sp. Bate, 1888 224


Orden Order: Decapoda / Familia Family: Alpheidae
3
1
Stenorhynchus debilis Smith, 1871 223
Teleophrys sp. Stimpson, 1860

Orden Order: Decapoda / Familia Family: Inachidae

94
225
95
Uca (Leptuca) panamensis Stimpson, 1859 226
Uca stylifera Edwards, 185 228

Orden Order: Decapoda / Familia Family: Ocypodidae

3
2
Uca (Minuca) vocator Herbst, 1804 227
Ligia baudiniana Edwards, 1840 229


Orden Order: Isopoda / Familia Family: Scolioidea
Lugar: Pianguita Profundidad: 0-3 m
Place:
Pianguita
Depth:
0-3
Place:
Pianguita
Depth:
0-3
mm
96
97
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / CRUSTACEOS CRUSTACEANS / Decapoda - Isopoda
ORGANISMOS MVILES MOBILE ORGANISMS / Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / CRUSTACEOS CRUSTACEANS / Isopoda
Familia / Family Anthuridae Leach, 1814 230, 231

Orden Order: Isopoda / Familia Family: Anthuridae

Lugar: SFF Mapelo Profundidad: 15-20 m
3
1

98
99
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / CRUSTACEOS CRUSTACEANS / Isopoda
ORGANISMOS MVILES MOBILE ORGANISMS / Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / CRUSTACEOS CRUSTACEANS / Anfpodos - Amphipods
Suborden / Suborder Gammaridea Latreille, 1802 232,233

Orden Order: Amphipoda / Suborden Suborder: Gammaridea

Lugar: SFF Mapelo Profundidad: 15-20 m Place: SFF Malpelo Depth: 15-20 m
3
1
Suborden / Suborder Gammaridea Latreille, 1802 232, 233


100
101
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / CRUSTACEOS CRUSTACEANS / Anfpodos - Amphipods
ORGANISMOS MVILES MOBILE ORGANISMS / Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / CRUSTACEOS CRUSTACEANS / Anfpodos - Amphipods


3
1
Suborden / Suborder Gammaridea
Latreille, 1802 232, 233

102
103
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / Invertebrados (Productores secundarios) Invertebrates (Secondary producers) / CRUSTACEOS CRUSTACEANS / Anfpodos - Amphipods
Gymnothorax dovii Gnther, 1870 234
Acanthemblemaria stephensi
ORGANISMOS MVILES MOBILE ORGANISMS / Vertebrados Vertebrate / PECES ASOCIADOS FISH
Rosenblatt & McCosker, 1988
Reino Kingdom: Animalia / Filum Phylum: Chordata / Clase Class: Actinopterygii /

Orden Order: Anguilliformes / Familia Family: Muraenidae

Orden Order: Perciformes / Familia Family: Chaenopsidae
3
1
Myripristis leiognathus Valenciennes, 1846
235
Apogon atradorsatus Heller & Snodgrass, 1903 237

Orden Order: Beryciformes / Familia Family: Holocentridae

Orden Order: Perciformes / Suborden Suborder: Apogonidae
Lugar: SFF Mapelo Profundidad: 15-20

10-20 m Place:
Place: SFF
SFF Malpelo
Malpelo Depth:
Depth: 15-20
10-20 m
m
104
236
105
ORGANISMOS SSILES SESSILE ORGANISMS / PVertebrados Vertebrate / PECES ASOCIADOS FISH
Axoclinus rubinoffi Allen & Robertson, 1992 238
Cirrhitus rivulatus Valenciennes, 1846 240

Orden Order: Perciformes / Familia Family: Tripterygiidae

Orden Order: Perciformes/ Familia Family: Cirrhitidae
3
1
Cirrhitichthys oxycephalus Bleeker, 1855 239
Dermatolepis dermatolepis (juvenil) Boulenger, 1895 241

Orden Order: Perciformes / Familia Family: Cirrhitidae

Orden Order: Perciformes / Suborden Suborder: Serranidae
106
107
Dermatolepis dermatolepis Boulenger, 1895 241
Holacanthus passer (juvenil) Valenciennes, 1846 243

Orden Order: Perciformes / Familia Family: Serranidae

Orden Order: Perciformes / Familia Family: Pomacanthidae
3
1
Epinephelus labriformis Jenyns, 1840 242
Holacanthus passer Valenciennes, 1846 243

Orden Order: Perciformes / Familia Family: Serranidae

Orden Order: Perciformes / Suborden Suborder: Pomacanthidae
108
109
Johnrandallia nigrirostris Gill, 1862 244
Lepidonectes bimaculata Allen & Robertson, 1992 246

Orden Order: Perciformes / Familia Family: Chaetodontidae

Orden Order: Perciformes / Familia Family: Tripterygiidae
3
1
Labrisomus dendriticus Reid, 1935 245
Microspathodon bairdii (juvenil)
Gill, 1862
247

Orden Order: Perciformes / Familia Family: Labrisomidae

Orden Order: Perciformes / Suborden Suborder: Pomacentridae
110
111
Ophioblennius steindachneri Jordan & Evermann, 1898 248
Prionurus laticlavius
Valenciennes, 1846

Orden Order: Perciformes / Familia Family: Bleniidae

Orden Order: Perciformes / Familia Family: Acanthuridae
3
1
Opistognatus panamensis Fowler, 1944 249
250
Stegastes arcifrons
Heller & Snodgrass, 1903
251

Orden Order: Perciformes / Familia Family: Opistognathidae

Orden Order: Perciformes / Familia Family: Pomacentridae
112
113
Stegastes beebei Nichols, 1924 252
Scorpaena mystes Jordan & Starks, 1895 254

Orden Order: Perciformes / Familia Family: Pomacentridae

Orden Order: Scorpaeniformes / Familia Family: Scorpaenidae
3
1
Thalassoma lucasanum Gill, 1862 253
Arothron meleagris (juvenil) Anonymous, 1798 255

Orden Order: Perciformes / Familia Family: Labridae

Orden Order: Tetraodontiformes / Suborden Suborder: Tetraodontidae
114
115
Arothron meleagris Anonymous, 1798 255
Diodon holacanthus
Linnaeus, 1758

Orden Order: Tetraodontiformes / Familia Family: Tetraodontidae

Orden Order: Tetraodontiformes/ Familia Family: Diodontidae
3
1
Canthigaster punctatissima Gnther, 1870 256
Balistes polylepis
Steindachner, 1876
258

Orden Order: Tetraodontiformes / Familia Family: Tetraodontidae

Orden Order: Tetraodontiformes / Suborden Suborder: Balistidae
116
257
117
DIAGRAMA TAXONMICO DE Organismos Ssiles / TAXONOMIC SCHEME FOR Sessile Organisms
(Informacin obtenida de / Information obtained from: Brusca y Brusca, 2003)
118
DIAGRAMA TAXONMICO DE Organismos Mviles / TAXONOMIC SCHEME FOR Mobile Organisms
119
120
121
MAPA DE LOCALIDADES CITADAS EN ESTA GUIA / MAP OF SITES MENTIONED IN THIS GUIDE
Pacfico
PANAM
3
3a
2a
2
Caribe
COLOMBIA
Sitios de Muestreo/ Sampled Sites

1. Santuario de Fauna y Flora Isla Malpelo.
2. Buenaventura.
2a. Pianguita.
3. Baha Mlaga.
3a. Isla Palma.
4. PNN Isla Gorgona.
4a. La ventana.
5. Cabo Corrientes.
122
123
AGRADECIMIENTOS
Agradecemos a Mara Claudia Daz Granados (1), por su apoyo financiero y gestin en la publicacin de esta gua; a Fundacin Malpelo y otros Ecosistemas Marinos, por su aporte econmico en las expediciones al Santuario de Fauna y Flora
Isla Malpelo; a Sandra Bessudo (2), Germn Soler (2), Miguel A. Ruz (3), Luis H. Chasqui (4), Graham Edgar (5), Melina
Rodrguez (4) y Juan A. Snchez (6), por el material fotogrfico; a Graham Edgar (5), Hctor Guzmn (7), Melina
Rodrguez (4), Juan A. Snchez (6), Lina M. Barrios (8), Paola Flores (4), Erika Montoya (4), Nstor Campos (4), Germn
Soler (2), Juan F. Ortiz (9), Sven Zea (4,9), Adriana Bermdez (4), Franz Krapp (10), Mara F. Montoya (11), Laura Muoz E. (13) y
Giomar Borrero (4), por el apoyo en la identificacin taxonmica; a Fundacin Malpelo y Otros Ecosistemas Marinos, Efran
Rubio (12), Graham Edgar (5), Hctor Guzmn (7), Paola Flores (4), Erika Montoya (4), Vctor Cern (15), Javier Montenegro, Brigitte
Gavio (9), Sven Zea (4,9) y Javier O. Reyes, por su gran aporte a nivel de material bibliogrfico; a Concepcin Becerra (13),
Diana lvarez (13) y Jose Salvador Montaa (13), por su apoyo en reactivos, materiales, equipos e instalaciones de laboratorio;
a Graham Edgar (5) y Susan Chambers (8,14), por la revisin crtica de los textos y las fotografas; a Lina M. Barios (8), Susan
Chambers (8,14), Sven Zea (4,9) y Joan S. Porter (8), por sus comentarios al texto.
BIBLIOGRAFA - BIBLIOGRAPHY
1
INVEMAR. 2010. Informe del Estado de los Ambientes y Recursos Marinos y costeros en Colombia. No 8. Pp: 133-158.
Lara, J. et al. 2008. Los ecosistemas marinos, en Capital natural de Mxico: Conocimiento actual de la biodiversidad. Vol: 1. Pp: 135-159.
Lpez, M. & D, Rozo. 2006. Model-based geomorphology of Malpelo Island and spatial distribution of breeding seabirds. Bol. Invest. Mar. Cost. Vol: 35. Pp: 111-131.
INVEMAR. 2008. Informe del Estado de los Ambientes y Recursos Marinos y costeros en Colombia. No 8. Pp: 111-146.
Londoo, J. et al. 2007. Plan Estratgico 2007 - 2019. Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia. Pp: 66.
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of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 20-38.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
12 Guiry, M.D. (2010). Dictyota adnata Zanardini. In: Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2010). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.
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13 Fredericq, S., T. O. Cho, S. A. Earle, C. F. Gurgel, D. M. Krayesky, L. E. Mateo-Cid, A. C. Mendoza-Gonzlez, J. N. Norris, and A. M. Surez. 2009. Seaweeds of the Gulf of
We would like to thank Mara Claudia Daz Granados (1), for the financial support and enabling the publication of this guide; to
Fundacin Malpelo and to Otros Ecosistemas Marinos, for their financial support of the expeditions to the Santuario de Fauna
y Flora Isla Malpelo; to Sandra Bessudo (2), Germn Soler (2), Miguel A. Ruz (3), Luis H. Chasqui (4), Graham Edgar (5), Melina
Rodrguez (4) and Juan A. Snchez (6), for photographic material; to Graham Edgar (5), Hctor Guzmn (7), Melina Rodrguez(4),
Juan A. Snchez (6), Lina M. Barrios (8), Paola Flores (4), Erika Montoya (4), Nstor Campos (4), Germn Soler (2), Juan F. Ortiz (9),
Sven Zea (4,9), Adriana Bermdez (4), Franz Krapp (10), Mara F. Montoya (11), Laura Muoz E. (13) and Giomar Borrero (4), for their
assistance with taxonomic identification; to Fundacin Malpelo and to Otros Ecosistemas Marinos, Efran Rubio (12), Graham
Edgar (5), Hctor Guzmn (7), Paola Flores (4), Erika Montoya (4), Vctor Cern (15), Javier Montenegro, Brigitte Gavio (9), Sven Zea (4,9)
and Javier O. Reyes, for their enormous bibliographic contribution; to Concepcin Becerra (13), Diana lvarez (13) and Jose
Salvador Montaa (13), for their support with reagents, materials, equipment and laboratory installations; to Graham Edgar (5)
and Susan Chambers (8,14), for the critical revision of texts and photography; to Lina M. Barrios (8), Susan Chambers (8,14), Sven
Zea (4,9) and Joan S. Porter (8), for their comments regarding the text.
Mexico, Pp. 187259.

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(1) Conservacin Internacional CI

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(10) Museo Alexander Koenig
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(12) DIMAR
(13) Pontificia Universidad Javeriana PUJ
(14) Museo Nacional de Escocia
(15) Universidad del Valle
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180 Bailly, N. (2010). Cantharus Cuvier, 1816. In: Nicolas Bailly (2010). FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.
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183 Bouchet, P. (2011). Conus brunneus Wood, 1828. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.
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184 Fraussen, K. (2010). Engina maura (G.B. Sowerby, 1832). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World
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217 Fransen, C.; Trkay, M. (2010). Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.
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220 Chan, T. (2010). Panulirus penicillatus (Olivier, 1791). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.
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190 Houart, R.; Gofas, S. (2011). Nucella Rding, 1798. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.
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191 WoRMS (2010). Opeatostoma pseudodon (Burrow, 1815). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.
224 De Grave, S.; Trkay, M. (2010). Synalpheus Bate, 1888. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.
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226 Davie, P. (2010). Uca (Leptuca) panamensis (Stimpson, 1859). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.
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202 Bouchet, P. (2011). Phidiana lascrucensis Bertsch & Ferreira, 1974. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.
234 Bailly, N. (2010). Gymnothorax dovii (Gnther, 1870). In: Nicolas Bailly (2010). FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.
org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=271831 on 2011-11-18
203 Bouchet, P. (2010). Dolabrifera dolabrifera (Rang, 1828). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.
235 Bailly, N. (2010). Myripristis leiognathus Valenciennes, 1846. In: Nicolas Bailly (2010). FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=276199 on 2011-11-18
204 Bouchet, P.; Dayrat, B. (2011). Onchidella hildae (Hoffmann, 1928). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.
236 Bailly, N. (2010). Acanthemblemaria stephensi Rosenblatt & McCosker, 1988. In: Nicolas Bailly (2010). FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
205 205. Legakis, A. (2001). Chelicerata, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliogra-
130
237 Bailly, N. (2010). Apogon atradorsatus Heller & Snodgrass, 1903. In: Nicolas Bailly (2010). FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.
131
Claves Taxonmicas y Listados de Especies Taxonomic Keys and Checklist
238 Bailly, N. (2010). Axoclinus rubinoffi Allen & Robertson, 1992. In: Nicolas Bailly (2010). FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=279850 on 2011-11-18
239 Bailly, N. (2010). Cirrhitichthys oxycephalus (Bleeker, 1855). In: Nicolas Bailly (2010). FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marines-
Cohen, M. et al. 2009. Echinoderms, Malpelo Fauna and Flora Sanctuary, Colombian Pacific: New reports and distributional
issues. Check List 5(3). Pp: 702-711.
pecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=218853 on 2011-11-18
240 Bailly, N. (2010). Cirrhitus rivulatus. In: Nicolas Bailly (2010). FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.
Neira, R & Cantera, J. 2005. Composicin taxonmica y distribucin de las asociaciones de equinodermos en los ecosistemas
litorales del Pacifico Colombiano. Rev. Biol. Trop. Vol. 53. Pp: 195-206
241 Bailly, N. (2010). Dermatolepis dermatolepis (Boulenger, 1895). In: Nicolas Bailly (2010). FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.
242 Bailly, N. (2010). Epinephelus labriformis (Jenyns, 1840). In: Nicolas Bailly (2010). FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespe-
Romero, M. & Acosta, A. 2010. Corales duros del Pacfico colombiano: gua Visual de identificacin. Unin Grfica Ltda. Bogot
D.C. Colombia. Pp: 411.
cies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=273858 on 2011-11-18
243 Bailly, N. (2010). Holacanthus passer Valenciennes, 1846. In: Nicolas Bailly (2010). FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespe-
Kaiser, K. & Bryce, C. 2001. The Recent Molluscan marine Fauna of Isla de Malpelo, Colombia. The Festivus. Vol: 33. Pp: 149.
cies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=276016 on 2011-11-18
244 Bailly, N. (2010). Johnrandallia nigrirostris (Gill, 1862). In: Nicolas Bailly (2010). FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.
Fischer, W. et al. 1995. Pacfico Centro-Oriental. Plantas e Inverterbrados. FAO. Vol: 1. Pp: 664.
245 Bailly, N. (2010). Labrisomus dendriticus (Reid, 1935). In: Nicolas Bailly (2010). FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.
Fischer, W. et al. 1995. Pacfico Centro-Oriental. Vertebrados I. FAO. Vol: 2. Pp: 563.
246 Bailly, N. (2010). Lepidonectes bimaculata Allen & Robertson, 1992. In: Nicolas Bailly (2010). FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.
Fischer, W. et al. 1995. Pacfico Centro-Oriental. Vertebrados II. FAO. Vol: 3. Pp: 624.
247 Bailly, N. (2010). Microspathodon bairdii (Gill, 1862). In: Nicolas Bailly (2010). FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.
Clark, H. 1948. A Report on the Echini of the warmer Eastern Pacific, based on the collections of the Velero III. Allan Hancock
Pacific Expeditions. Vol: 8. No: 5. Pp: 225-351.
248 Bailly, N. (2010). Ophioblennius steindachneri Jordan & Evermann, 1898. In: Nicolas Bailly (2010). FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://
249 Bailly, N. (2010). Opisthognathus scops panamensis Fowler, 1944. In: Nicolas Bailly (2010). FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.
Henry, D. & Mclaughlin, P. 1986. The recent species of Megabalanus (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha) with special emphasis on
Balanus tintinnabulum (linnaeus) sensu lato. Zoologische Verhandelingen. Vol: 235. Pp: 60.
250 Bailly, N. (2010). Prionurus laticlavius (Valenciennes, 1846). In: Nicolas Bailly (2010). FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=282346 on 2011-11-18
Clark, A. & Rowe, F. 1971. Monograph of Shallow-water indo-west Pacific Echinoderms. Trustees of British Museum (Natural
History). Pp: 159.
251 Bailly, N. (2010). Stegastes arcifrons (Heller & Snodgrass, 1903). In: Nicolas Bailly (2010). FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.
252 Bailly, N. (2010). Stegastes beebei (Nichols, 1924). In: Nicolas Bailly (2010). FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.
Hendrickx, M. 1996. Los Camarones Penaeoidea Bentnicos (Crustacea: Decapoda: Dendrobranchiata) del Pacfico mexicano.
Pp: 146.
253 Bailly, N. (2010). Thalassoma lucasanum (Gill, 1862). In: Nicolas Bailly (2010). FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.
Sols, F. & Mata, E. 1999. Taxonoma de Equinodermos. ICMyL-UNAM. Pp: 78.
254 Bailly, N. (2010). Scorpaena mystes Jordan & Starks, 1895. In: Nicolas Bailly (2010). FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=274726 on 2011-11-18
Robertson, R. & Allen, G. Shorefishes of the Tropical eastern Pacific. Version 1.0. ISBN: 9962-614-02-3. Smithsonian Tropical
Research Institute.
255 Bailly, N. (2010). Arothron meleagris (Anonymous, 1798). In: Nicolas Bailly (2010). FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=219926 on 2011-11-18
256 Bailly, N. (2010). Canthigaster punctatissima (Gnther, 1870). In: Nicolas Bailly (2010). FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.mari-
Norris, J. 2010. Marine Algae of the Northem Gulf of California: Chlorophyta and Phaeophyta. Smithsonian Institution Scholary
Press. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany. No: 94. Pp: 276.
nespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=275264 on 2011-11-18
257 Bailly, N. (2010). Diodon holacanthus Linnaeus, 1758. In: Nicolas Bailly (2010). FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.
Littler, D. & Littler, M. 2000. Caribean Reef Plants. OffShore Graphics, Inc. Ed. 1st. Pp: 543.
258 Bailly, N. (2010). Balistes polylepis. In: Nicolas Bailly (2010). FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.
259 Stephen, H. & Hugn, J. 1992. Marine Field Course Guide 1 - Rocky Shores. Marine Conservation Society. IMMEL Publishing. Pp: 144.
260 INVEMAR. 2003. Informe del Estado de los Ambientes y Recursos Marinos y costeros en Colombia. No 8. Pp: 157-167.
261 Lewis, J. R. 1964. The Ecology of Rocky Shores. English Universities Press, London.
262 Stephenson T. A. & Stephenson A. 1950. Life Between Tide-Marks in North America: The Florida Keys Journal of Ecology Vol. 38, No. 2: 354-402.
263 Prs J. M. & J. Picard, 1964. Nouveau manuel de Bionomie benthique de la Mer Mditerrane. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine dEndoume, 47 (31), 3-137.
264 Cantera, J.R.; R. Contreras. 1993. (Ecosistemas costeros. Pp: 66-79) en Leyva, P. (Ed.), Colombia Pacfico, Tomo I. Fondo para la Proteccin del Medio Ambiente Jos
Celestino Mutis, FEN, Bogot.
132
133
Santuario de Fauna y Flora Isla Malpelo (Fotografa/Photograph by: Fundacin Malpelo)
Vista lateral del Santuario de fauna y Flora Isla Malpelo. A la derecha se encuentra la zona norte de la isla (Hacia el
noreste puede observarse La cara del fantasma, punto de buceo) y hacia la parte izquierda la zona sur de la misma.
En la parte central (zona Este) se puede observar el punto de buceo denominado Arrecife.
Side view of the Santuario de Fauna y Flora Isla Malpelo. To the right is the North (to the Northwest La Cara del Fantasma, diving site) and to the left the Southside of the island. In the center (East) is the diving site known as Arrecife.
Entidades Financiadoras / Funding Entities
Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
Telfono +57 (1) 3208320 Ext. 4082
Bogot D.C. - Colombia
Conservacin Internacional Colombia
Programa Marino
http://www.conservation.org.co
Email: mdiazgranados@conservation.org
Carrera 13 No. 71-41
Telfono +57 (1) 345 2852
Fundacin Malpelo y Otros Ecosistemas Marinos
http://www.fundacionmalpelo.org
Email: gsoler@fundacionmalpelo.org
Carrera 7No. 32-33
Telfono +57 (1) 640 2114
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras
Jose Benito Vives De Andreis INVEMAR
Cerro Punta Betn, Zona Portuaria
Telefono +57 (5) 4328600 Ext: 250
FAX +57 5 4328694
Santa Marta, Magdalena - Colombia
Santuario de Fauna y Flora Isla Malpelo (Fotografa/Photograph by: Fundacin Malpelo)
Entidades Colaboradoras / Collaborating Entities
ISBN: 978-958-716-516-6
134

10504organismo Sesilesymoviles Lit Rocos PDF

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Organismos Ssiles y Mviles

Mobile and Sessile organisms

del Litoral Rocoso: en el Pacfico Colombiano

in the Rocky Shore of the Colombian Pacific

DEL LITORAL ROCOSO EN EL PACFICO COLOMBIANO:

UNA GUA VISUAL PARA SU IDENTIFICACIN

SESSILE AND MOBILE

IN THE ROCKY SHORE OF THE COLOMBIAN PACIFIC:

A VISUAL GUIDE TO THEIR IDENTIFICATION

Organismos Ssiles y Mviles

Mobile and Sessile organisms

del Litoral Rocoso: en el Pacfico Colombiano

in the Rocky Shore of the Colombian Pacific

Organismos Ssiles y Mviles

Mobile and Sessile organisms

del Litoral Rocoso: en el Pacfico Colombiano

in the Rocky Shore of the Colombian Pacific

DEL LITORAL ROCOSO EN EL PACFICO COLOMBIANO:

UNA GUA VISUAL PARA SU IDENTIFICACIN

133 p.: ilustraciones a color, fotos, diagramas, mapas; 24 cm.

SESSILE AND MOBILE

Textos en espaol e ingls.

FROM ROCKY SHORE IN THE COLOMBIAN PACIFIC:

A VISUAL GUIDE TO THEIR IDENTIFICATION

Todos los Derechos Reservados Copyright 2011 10-311-229

Fotografa portada (Cover images):

Santuario de Fauna y Flora Isla Malpelo.

Fotografas (Photographs by):

Samuel D. Garca S. - Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos

Diseo y diagramacin (Design and Layout):

Lina Prez Siculaba (linasicu@gmail.com)

Gypsy Espaol (idefixgd@yahoo.es)

Impreso (Printed by):

Unin Grfica Ltda

Samuel David Garca Surez 1

Organismos Ssiles y Mviles

Mobile and Sessile organisms

del Litoral Rocoso: en el Pacfico Colombiano

in the Rocky Shore of the Colombian Pacific

Organismos Ssiles y Mviles

Mobile and Sessile organisms

del Litoral Rocoso: en el Pacfico Colombiano

in the Rocky Shore of the Colombian Pacific

GRUPOS PRINCIPALES / MAIN GROUPS........................14

Organismos Ssiles y Mviles

Mobile and Sessile organisms

del Litoral Rocoso: en el Pacfico Colombiano

in the Rocky Shore of the Colombian Pacific

Babosas marinas / Sea slugs

Organismos Ssiles y Mviles

Mobile and Sessile organisms

del Litoral Rocoso: en el Pacfico Colombiano

in the Rocky Shore of the Colombian Pacific

Morfo / Morpho 1.......98

Organismos Ssiles y Mviles

Mobile and Sessile organisms

del Litoral Rocoso: en el Pacfico Colombiano

in the Rocky Shore of the Colombian Pacific

Organismos Ssiles y Mviles

Mobile and Sessile organisms

del Litoral Rocoso: en el Pacfico Colombiano

in the Rocky Shore of the Colombian Pacific

(Fotografa/Photograph by: Fundacin Malpelo)